Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt ** Faculty of Technology & Development, Zagazig University, Egypt ABSTRACT

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1 ACARINES, 8(1):19-23, 2014 Predtor-Prey Preferenes nd Life-Tle-Prmeters of Cheletogenes orntus (Cnestrini & Fnzgo) to Red Plm Mite Roiell indi Hirst nd Dte Sle-Inset Prltori lnhrdii (Trg.) Amir E. Mesh nd N. A. Omr Plnt Protetion Reserh Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt Fulty of Tehnology & Development, Zgzig University, Egypt ABSTRACT The mite, Cheletogenes orntus (C.&F.) ws rered on three different types of food, eggs nd immtures of Roiell indi Hirst (Ari: Tenuiplpide), nd rwlers of dte-sle-inset, Prltori lnhrdii (Trg.) t lortory onditions (15± 2 C nd 50±5% R.H.). This study showed tht femle predtor hd two nymphl stges; while the mle hd only one. The predtory mite ws noted under dte-sle insets t dte-plm-trees with high numers. The popultion of predtor inresed following the inrese of the tenuiplpid mite, R.indi during in Otoer to Ferury. The results showed tht high pity of predtor popultion growth reveled the high ility of the predtor to suppress R.indi nd P. lnhrdii popultions on dte plm. Predtion potentil ws gretest for lrve, followed y protonymphs, then deutonymphs. Predtor onsumed n verge of &158.2 preys for mle nd femle during its life spn, respetively. Cnnilism ws notied when food ws sent. The men genertion time (T) of the predtory mite, C. orntus ws signifintly ffeted y the type of food. The longest time needed for one genertion (21.23) times ws reorded when mite fed on rwlers of dte-sle-inset, wheres the shorter period ws (18.65) dys when fed on eggs of R. indi. The popultion of predtor hd pity to doule (DT) every (3.38, 3.48 nd4.01 times) within single genertion when fed on the three different types of food, respetively. Eggs of R. indi ws the most preferle food ompred with those tested s it reorded the highest vlue of (r m) It ws ler tht Finite rte of predtor inrese (λ) hd pity to multiply out (1.227; 1.219; 1.189) times/femle/dy nd Gross reprodutive rte (GRR) ws (59.16; nd 49.22) times/femle/dy when rered on the three different foods, respetively. Key Words: Cheletogenes orntus, Life tle prmeters, ioontrol, dte-plm-trees, Roiell Prltori lnhrdii. indi, INTRODUCTION Dte plm, Phoenix dtylifer L. is one of the most importnt hortiulturl rops in the Middle Est. Ar ountries re the min soure of dte plm in the world, Mohmed, (1982). The prodution of dtes, ording to the reent FAO sttistis in the Ar ountries, is out 4,332,208 metri tons, whih ounts to 71.69% of interntionl prodution (FAO, STAT, 2006). The dte plm nd its fruits re sujet to ttk y severl pests tht re, in most ses, well dpted to the osis environment. Dmge used y pests is onsiderle nd leds to hevy eonomi losses. The genus Roiell is est known euse of the red plm mite, Roiell indi, mjor pest of plm trees. No muh is known out the iology, geogrphi origins, or evolutionry history of the genus when R. indi emerged s mjor invsive pest. The red plm mite (RPM) hs een oserved ttking dte-plm-trees in Dokki, Giz, Egypt with high numers during Otoer to Jnury. The present work ims to understnd the reprodution of the heyletid mite, Cheletogenes orntus (C. & F.), iologil spets nd life tle prmeters s n importnt gent for ontrolling dtesle-inset nd the phytophgous flt mite, R. indi whih onsidered the most destrutive pest ttking dte plm trees. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1- Eggs nd immtures of the tenuiplpid mite, Roiell indi Hirst: Development nd reprodution of R. indi on leves of P. dtylifer were studied under lortory onditions t 15±2 C nd 50±5% R.H. The rering sustrte ws lef diss of P. dtylifer pled in Petri dishes (5 m dimeter) with wter-sturted otton. Grvid femles of R. indi were trnsferred to lef diss of plm trees nd llowed to ly eggs. The mite eggs nd immtures were trnsferred to the predtor when needed; then ounted nd repled y other ones. 2- The rwlers of dte sle insets: The rwlers of dte sle insets were found nd olleted from leves of dte plm trees where the predtor fed on it. Culture of the predtory mite: Femles of heyletid mites, C. orntus were tken from leves of dte plm trees nd trnsferred to rering sustrtes. Femles were left 24 hours nd their oviposited eggs were used for iologil spets. Lef diss of the dte-plm-trees (5 m in dimeter) were used s rering rens. The diss were pled on otton wool soked with wter in Petri-dishes. Newly lid eggs of the predtor, were left into the rering

2 20 diss. This experiment ws repeted with ll tested preys. Different iologil spets were dily reorded. Dt were sttistilly nlyzed y ANOVA-test to ompre mens (L.S.D-test, where P>0.05).To study the effet of different prey speies t temperture15±2 C nd 50±5% R.H. on life-tleprmeter; prmeters of C. orntus were followed the formul of Andrewwrth nd Birh (1948) nd Bsi omputer progrm of Aou- Sett et l. (1986), were followed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The predtory mite, C. orntus ws found showing onspiuous red olortion of the limentry trt inditing reent feeding on R. indi. Femles of the predtory mite pssed through two nymphl stges efore rehing dulthood; while predtory mle pssed through only one stge. This results gree with, those of Zher et l. (1981) nd Mores et l. (1989). C. orntus ws notied to e ssoited with tenuiplpid mites nd to hse its prey s it wits in mush under old sle shields rwlers; Avidov et l.(1968); Arrud et l.(1969); nd Sglm nd Conoglu (2010) Inution period: As shown in Tle 1, the inution period of C. orntus ws gretly ffeted when fed on different tested foods. The shortest inution period ws notied for resulted femles in se of feeding on eggs of R. indi (1.55 dys), ut the longest period ws reorded when the mle fed on the rwlers (2.73 dys). The sttistil nlysis of the otined dt showed tht L.S.D t 0.05 level ws (0.263) nd (0.244) for the effet of food nd oth sexes (mles nd femles). Life yle: Tle1 showed tht the durtion of life yle for oth sexes were highly ffeted y the type of food employed. The totl period verged 9.33,10.15 nd dys for mle nd 13.5,14.68 nd dys for femle when rered on eggs nd immtures of R. indi nd the rwlers of dte-sle-inset, P. lnhrdii, respetively. Similr results were otined y Gerson et l., 1990 oserved the predtory mite, C. orntus feeding on rwlers in mny prts of the world. Zher nd Solimn, (1971) notied tht C. orntus oured throughout Egypt on fruit trees nd ornmentl plnts nd plys n importnt role in the ontrol of oids. Also, Zher et l. (1981) rered C. orntus on eggs nd immtures of two sle insets nd two tetrnyhoid mite speies, t 25 ⁰ C. El-Hlwny et l. (1984), oserved, C. orntus in high numers ssoited with phytophgous mites nd sle insets infesttion in ll egyption governortes, where dte plm is plnted. In Brzil, Mores, et l. (1989) reported tht, C. orntus ws the most ommon predtor of Pinnspis spidistre (Signoret) t 28±5 C nd they reorded the durtion of the life yle ws (40.6 nd 31 dys for nd ), respetively. Femles hd 2 nymphl stges; while the only mle otined in the lortory hd single nymphl stge. C. orntus reprodued y prthenogenesis, nd were seldom produed. The pek reprodution rte ws 0.31 eggs //dy, nd the pek prey onsumption rte ws 0.8 rwler of P. spidistre //dy. Pen et l. (2009) reported Cheletomimus sp. preying on R. indi nd its densities inresed s R. indi grew nd spred to new lotions. Adult longevity: Adult longevity of C. orntus ws highly influened s y different types of the tsted food, (Tle 1). This period verged 24.21, 25nd 26.6 dys for femle nd 18.9, 20.7nd 23.8 dys for mle when fed on eggs nd immturs of R. indi nd rwlers of the dt sle inset, respetively. However, eh of preoviposition, oviposition nd post-oviposition periods were ffeted y the type of food used, where the eggs of R. indi were the most suitle food during the oviposition period (15.5 dys) of predtory femles. Similr results were otined y, El-Bnn, et l. (2014) who notied the predtory mite, Amlyseius hutu (Prithrd & Bker) my lrify its potentil s iologil ontrol gent for dte sle inset, P. lnhridii whih ttks dte plm trees, nd the dult longevity of gmsid mite ws highly influened prey type. Predtor femle feundity : As shown in tle 2, C. orntus femle deposited n verge of 104, 98 nd 88 eggs when fed on eggs nd immtures of R. indi nd rwlers of the dtesle-inset, P. lnhrdii, respetively. Predtion pity: The mle nd femle of the predtory mite, C. orntus hve high predtion pity when fed on rwlers of dte sle inset nd immtures of flt mite, respetively (Tle 3). The numer of onsumed prey individul differed ording to types of food nd stge of introdued prey. The predtor predtion potentil ws greter for eggs followed y lrve, protonymphs then deutonymphs of R. indi. Food onsumption during its life yle verged

3 21 Tle (1): Developmentl durtions in dys of Cheletogenes orntus (C. & F.) when rered on three different foods t 15±2⁰C nd 50±5% R.H. Food types Developmentl stges R. indi Crwlers of dte Eggs Immtures sle-inset L.S.D. F-Test Proility Inution periods 1.88 ± ± ± ns 1.55 ± ± ± Lrv 3.25 ± ± ± ± ± ± Protonymph 4.28 ± ± ± ± ± ± Deutonymph 3.73 ± ± ± Totl immtures 7.53 ± ± ± ± ± ± Life yle 9.33 ± ± ± ± ± ± Adult longevity 18.9 ± ± ± ± ± ± Life spn ± ± ± ± ± ± Tle (2): Effet of feeding the predtory mite, C. orntus on the different stges of red plm mite nd dte sle inset on oviposition period. Prey stges Durtion No. of deposited eggs Pre-oviposition Oviposition Post-oviposition Totl eggs Eggs/dy Roiell Eggs 1.63± ± ± ± ± 4.9 indi Immtures 3.7 ± ± ± ± ±0.28 Crwlers of sle inset 4.0± ± ± ± ± 0.33 L.S.D Proility F-Test Tle (3): Food onsumption of the predtor, C. orntus when fed on different preys t 15 C &50% R.H. No. of devoured prey individuls Periods Crwlers of dte sle Immtures of inset, P. lnhrdii red plm mite, R.indi LSD F-test Proility Life yle 18.8 ± ± ± ± Longevity 73.5 ± ± ± ± Life spn 81.4 ± ± ± ± Tle (4): Life tle prmeters of Cheletogenes orntus (C. &F.) femles when fed on three different foods in lortory t 15 ± 2⁰C nd 50 ±5 % R.H. Prey speies Eggs of R. indi Immtures of R. indi Crwlers of P. lnhrdii Men genertion time (T ) Douling time (DT) Net reprodutive rte (R o) Intrinsi rte of inrese (r m) Finite rte of inrese (λ) Gross reprodution rte (GRR) Dys per genertion nd Individuls/femle/ dy

4 22 (18.8 & 31.6) nd (23.5 & 40.5) prey for mle nd femle when fed on the first instr of sle inset nd immtures of flt mite, respetively; while, during life spn were (81.4 & 106.8) nd (108.9 & 158.2) prey for the sme preys, respetively. Zher& Solimn (1971) reported tht the predtor, C. orntus ws suessfully rered on the olive sle insets, Prltori olee (Colveée). Wf, et l. (1970) reported tht the dult femle nd mle of Eutogenes frinus Wf & Solimn onsumed n verge of 186 nd 156 eggs of P. olee, respetively. The femle life yle verged 31 dys during whih it deposited 16 eggs t 29 ⁰ C. Other heyletids were oserved feeding on rmored sle inset rwlers, in the field suh s, Hemiheyleti keri (Ehr) whih feeds on the yellow sle insets, Aonidiell itrine (Coquillett) in Florid, Mum,(1975) nd Cheletominus erlesei (Oudemns) fed on the lntni sle, Hemierlesi ltnie (Signoret) nd hemisropted mites in Cliforni nd on Prltori spp. in Isrel, Gerson(1967) nd Gerson et l. (1990). Life tle prmeters: The men genertion time (T) of the predtory mite, C. orntus ws signifintly ffeted y the type of food (Tle, 4). The longest time needed for one genertion (21.23) times ws reorded when mite fed on rwlers of dte-sle-inset while, the shorter ws (18.65) dys when fed on eggs of R. indi. The predtory mite hd life tle prmeters s follows, men genertion time (T) 18.65;18.98 nd dys; net reprodutive rte (R o) 45.68; nd per genertion; intrinsi rte of nturl inrese (r m) ws (0.205; nd 0.173) times; finite rte of inrese (λ) (1.227,1.219 nd 1.189) times/femle/dy nd gross reprodutive rte (GRR) ;55.99 nd times/femle/dy nd douling time (DT) vlues 3.38 ; 3.48 nd 4.01 dys when femle fed on three different foods mentioned ove, respetively. Crrillo nd Peñ (2010) oserved Amlyseius lrgoensis (Mum) feeding on the invsive speies Roiell indi Hirst nd inresed in numers fter the rrivl of R. indi in south Florid. They evluted the development nd reprodution of A. lrgoensis feeding on pollen, R. indi, nd other mirorthropods inhiting oonuts in Florid. The intrinsi rte of inrese (r m) of A. lrgoensis fed on R. indi ws signifintly higher thn those fed on the other food soures (F = 34.18; df = 2, 58; P<0.001). A. lrgoensis showed higher survivl nd reprodutive rtes, nd shorter developmentl times when fed solely on R. indi ompred with single other food soures. Results of their studies suggested tht A. lrgoensis ould ply role in ontrolling R. indi in Florid. In the present rtile, Chelotogenes orntus ws iologil ontrol gent for R. indi nd might e le to redue the popultion of red plm mite, R. indi in Egypt. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Our gret thnks to Prof. Mourd F. Hssn for ritiizing the pper nd lso for Prof. Aou-Sett, M. for sttistil nlysis nd revewing the mnusript. REFERENCES Aou-Sett, M. M.; Sorrell, R. W. nd Childers, C. C Life 48: A BASIC omputer progrm to lulte life tle prmeters for n inset or mite speies. Florid Entomologist, 69 (4): Andrewwrth, H. G. nd Birh. L. C The Distriution nd undne of nimls University of Chigo Press, Chigo, IL., USA. Arrud, G. P.; Oliveir, A. A. nd Flehtmnn, C. H. W Aros ssoidos plnts no Nordeste do Brsil. Resumos de 11. Reunio Anul d Soiedde Brsileir de Entomologi, Reife, pp.: Avidov, Z.; Blumerg, D. nd Gerson, U Cheletogenes orntus [Arin: Cheyletide], predtor of the hff sle on itrus in Isrel. Isrel J. Entomol., 3: Crrillo, D. nd Peñ, J. D Studies on the iology of ntive predtors ssoited with Roiell indi (Ari: Tenuiplpide) in Florid, USA: implitions on their potentil s iologil ontrol gents of this exoti speies.13 th Interntionl Congress of Arology, August: Crrillo, D; Frnk, J. H; Rodrigues, V. nd Peñ, J. E. (2011). A review of the nturl enemies of the red plm mite, Roiell indi (Ari: Tenuiplpide). Exp. Appl. Arol., 14pp. El-nn, A. M.; El-Nggr, M. E.; Tntwy, S. A.; Amir, E. Mesh nd Ol, M. Roshdy Effet of different diets on the iologil spets of Amlyseius hutu (Mesostigmt: Phytoseide). J. Plnt Protetion nd Pthology, 43(2): In press. El-Hlwny, M. E. nd El- Nggr, M. E Biology of the predeous mite Agistemus exsertus Gonzlez feed on lrvl stge of Eutetrnyhus orientlis(klein), Agri. Res. Rev., Ciro, 62(1): El-Nggr, M., E.; Ad-Al-Al, Z. E.; El-Bshier, Z. M. nd Mesh, A. E Effet of temperture

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