S.M. Hassan and A.A. Al Aqil Department of Animal and Fish Production, King Faisal University, Al-Hufof, Al-Hassa, 31982, Saudi Arabia

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1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 14 (11): , 2015 ISSN Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 2015 Effet of Aing Dietry Dte (Phoenix tylifer) Pits Mel With/or Without β -mnnnse on Proutive Performne n Eggshell Qulity Prmeters of Lyer Hens S.M. Hssn n A.A. Al Aqil Deprtment of Animl n Fish Proution, King Fisl University, Al-Hufof, Al-Hss, 1982, Sui Arbi Abstrt: To stuy the effets of ing te pits mel supplemente with bet-mnnnse into iets on the proutive performne n eggshell qulity prmeters, totl of 24 Hisex lyer hens were rnomly ivie into 81 ges. Nine iso-energeti n iso-nitrogenous experimentl iets in x ftoril rrngement inluing three levels of te pits mel (0, 5 n 10%) supplemente with three levels (0 or 0, 660 g of bet-mnnnse/ton fee). Eh ietry tretment ws fe to 9 ges (4 birs/ge) for 8 weeks tril perio fter proution pek from 45 to 5 weeks of ge. Results showe signifint (p<0.05) ifferenes mong tretments in fee onsumption, fee onversion rtio, egg mss, egg proution, eggshell weight, eggshell weight perentge, eggshell thikness n eggshell weight per surfe re. It n be onlue tht te pits mel oul be prtly e into iets s lterntive feestuffs up to 10% with supplementtion of 660 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee supplementtion iniviully without negtive effets on proutive performne n eggshell qulity hrteristis of Hisex lyer hen from 45 to 5 weeks of ge. Further reserh on the effets of ing ifferent levels of te pits mel supplemente with ifferent levels of bet-mnnnse t ifferent ges on proutive performne n eggshell qulity prmeters for lyer hens re require to ttin the optiml results. Key wors: Bet-mnnnse, te pits mel, eggshell qulity, lyer hens, proutive performne INTRODUCTION The restrition n shortge of high-qulity onventionl poultry fee ingreients onsiere s mjor problems fing poultry inustry evelopment in mny tropil n sub-tropil eveloping ountries. Therefore, poultry nutritionists hve been fouse serhing suitble poultry unonventionl fee ingreients to reple some of the expensive ommon fee ingreients with lolly vilble untritionl feestuffs to reue the poultry fee ost (Al-Hrthi et l., 2009). The te plm (Phoenix tylifer, L.), is roughttolernt wooy plnt ultivte in the tropil n subtropil ountries for humn onsumption (Moghieb et l., 2011). Egypt, Sui Arbi, Irn, Irq, Unite Arb Emirtes, Algeri n Pkistn proue more thn 70-90% of the worl te proution (Al- Homin 200; El-Hbb n Al-Mulhim, 201). Sui Arbi lone proues more thn 25 million te plm tree with roun one million ton te yerly n this is number expete to inrese grully in oming yers. Dte pit is byprout obtine fter oil extrtion, proessing n mnufturing of the te ftories. The te pit represents bout 10% of whole te weight, whih is ineible for humn onsumption. It ontins smll mount of rue protein n nitrogen-free extrt, whih somewht is similr to orn n brley (Kmel et l., 1981; Al-Homin, 200; Alhheri et l., 2004). Dte pits mel ontin bout % ry mtter, 1,50-2,000 kl metbolizble energy/kg, % totl rbohyrtes,.8-5.8% totl sugrs, % rue protein, % either extrt, % rue fiber, % rue sh, % nitrogen free extrt, % neutrl etergent fiber, % i etergent fiber, 0.08% methionine, 0.17% ysteine, % methionine n ysteine, % lysine, % lium, % totl phosphorus, 0.0% vilble phosphorus, % phytte phosphorus n % phyti i (Slem n Hegzi, 1971; Kmel et l., 1981; Attll n Hrrz, 1996; Hm et l., 2002; Alhheri et l., 2004; Njib n Al-Yousef, 2012; Al-Sffr et l., 201; Kshni et l., 201; Ghsemi et l., 2014). Njib n Al- Yousef (2012) reporte tht the tes from ifferent geogrphil re iffere in their nutritionl n hemil ontents. In the lst few yers, severl stuies reporte tht te pits mel n be prtilly use s lterntive fee ingreient for poultry nutrition to overome tritionl poultry feestuffs shortge n to reue fee osts n to reue pollution problems (Swy et l., 1984; Njib Corresponing Author: Sherif M. Hssn, Deprtment of Animl n Fish Proution, College of Agriulture n Foo Sienes, King Fisl University, P.O. Box 402 Al-Hss, 1982, Kingom of Sui Arbi 595

2 et l., 1995; Hussein et l., 1998; Perez et l., 2000; Al- Homin, 200; Alhheri et l., 2004; Al-Hrthi, 2006; Njib n Al-Yousef, 2012; Ghsemi et l., 2014). Severl stuies reporte tht the high rue fiber ontent onsiere s limiting ftor for using te pits mel in poultry iets (Jkson et l., 1999; Hm et l., 2002; Njib n Al-Yousef, 2012). The te pits ontine bout 71.8% mnnose, 26.6% gltose n % bet-gltomnnn polyshries (Mgel-Din Hussein et l., 1998; Ishru et l., 2001; Hm et l., 2002). The rue fiber (non-strh betgltomnnn polyshries) is reognize s ntinutritionl ftor iffiult to igests by poultry n require to be broken own by speifi exogenous enzymes to improve the utiliztion n the nutritionl vlue of the te pits mel (Almirll et l., 1995; Cowieson n Rvinrn, 2008). The benefiil effet of enzymti egrtion of bet-gltomnnn polyshrie by ing the bet-mnnnse into poultry iets hs been reporte in lyer hens (Lee et l., 200; Dskirn et l., 2004; Wu et l. 2005; Kong et l., 2011; Cho n Kim, 201). Little reserh h onute to investigte the effet of ing bet-mnnnse into iets ontining ifferent levels of te pits mel on the proutive performne n eggshell qulity prmeters uring the 2n phse of the first lying yle of lyer hen. Therefore, this stuy ws onute to evlute the effets of ing three levels (0, 5 n 10%) of te pits mel supplemente with three onentrtions (0, 0 n 660 g betmnnnse/ton fee) on the proutive performne n eggshell qulity prmeters of lyer hens uring the 2n phse of the first lying yle from 45 to 5 weeks of ge. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bet-mnnnse ws obtine from Elno Co. uner tremrk Hemiell. Dte pits use in this stuy ws purhse from lol mrket in Al-Hss, Sui Arbi. Dte pits ws groun in hevy-uty high rottion hmmer mill to pss through 1.2 mm mesh sieve sreen, prouing power suitble for poultry nutrition n hemil nlysis. Proximte hemil nlysis inluing the moisture, rue ft, rue protein, rue sh n rue fiber of te pits mel were etermine using stnr nlytil proeures oring to AOAC (1995). Experimentl esign: The urrent stuy ws rrie out in the perio from Jnury to Mrh, 2015 t the Agriulture Reserh n Trining Sttion belonge to King Fisl University, Al Hss ity, Kingom of Sui Arbi. A totl of 24 lyer hens (Hisex White, 45-week-ol) with n verge egg proution rte of 59.65%±4.07 uring the 2n phse of the first lying yle n g ±0.95 live boy weight over of 8-week tril perio from 45 to 5 week of ge were use. Lyer hens were weighe n rnomly istribute in bttery group ges (50 x 0 x 0 m ) seprte by 1.0 m isle, equippe with glvnize-iron trough feeers overing the entire front length of metl ges n nipple rinkers. Hens fe nine ifferent ietry tretments with three te pits mel levels (0, 5 n 10%) supplemente with three bet-mnnnse levels (0, 0 n 660g bet-mnnnse/ton fee) with nine replites of four lyer hens eh. Experimentl iets were formulte to meet nutrients reommention of lyer hens bse on Hisex mngement guie. The lyer hen iets use in this stuy were lulte to be isolori ontine 2761 Kl metbolizble energy per kg of fee n isonitrogenus ontine 16.88% rue protein s shown in Tble 1. At 45 weeks of ge, eh hen ws fe 120 g one ily t 8 h n wter ws provie libtum n subjete to 16L: 8D light progrm throughout the whole experimentl perio. Boy weight, egg proution, egg weight, egg mss, fee onsumption, fee onversion rtio per egg mss (kg fee per kg egg), egg speifi grvity, eggshell weight, eggshell thikness, eggshell weight perentge, eggshell weight per surfe re, Hugh unit n egg yolk olour were mesure. Initil boy weight t the beginning n the finl boy weight t the en of the experiment for lyer hens were mesure n the verge boy weight gin ws lulte by the ifferenes between the two boy weights. Fee onsumption n overll egg proue per hen were reore on ily bsis. The fee leftovers from feeers were weighe n the fee onsumption ws mesure. Egg weight, egg mss, eggshell weight, eggshell thikness, egg speifi grvity, Hugh units n egg yolk olour for eh replite were lulte t the lst onseutive ys every 2 weeks. For egg mss lultion, the verge ily egg proution ws multiplie by the verge egg weight ivie by 100. The fee onversion rtio per egg mss ws obtine n lulte s kilogrm by the rtio between totl fee onsume per hen n totl egg mss proue per hen. Collete eggs were store overnight in the sme room before egg speifi grvity ws etermine. Egg speifi grvity ws etermine by using the sline flottion methos s esribe by Hempe et l. (1998) by immersing the eggs in gre sline solutions of ensity rnge from to g/m with intervl inrementl onentrtions of g/m between them. After etermining egg speifi grvity, the sme eggs were subsequently broken, their omponents were seprte n then eggshell with shell membrnes were wshe n left to ry in the ir before being iniviully weighe. 596

3 The eggshell thikness inluing its membrnes ws result from the three reings performe t three seprte ifferent sites (ir ell, equtor n shrp en) of the equtoril region of the sme eggshell by using n eletroni igitl liper sle (phymeter) with 0.01 mm preision n lulting the verge mong the three sites. Eggshell weight per surfe re expresse 2 in mg/m ws etermine oring to Abullh et l. (199). The following formul ws use: ESWSA = {EGW / [.9782 x (EW0.7056)]} x 1000 where, ESW: Eggshell weight, EW: Egg weight, ESWSA: Eggshell weight/surfe re. Albumen height ws mesure with n Ames mirometer (moel S-6428, Ames, Wlthm, MA) t point hlfwy between the yolk n the ege of the wiest expnse of lbumen. Hugh units were lulte s follows: 0.7 Hugh unit = 100 x log (H W ) where, H is lbumin height (mm) n W is egg weight (Pn, 1996). The egg yolk olour ws mesure using Rohe olorimetri fn (DSM nutritionl prouts Co.). Colour sles rnge from 1 (ple yellow) to 15 (intense ornge) oring to Well (1968). Sttistil nlysis: All t were subjete to one-wy ANOVA using the GLM proeures of sttistil softwre pkge (SPSS 18.0, SPSS In., Chigo, IL). Tretment mens were expresse s men±stnr error of mens (SEM) n seprte n ompre by the F test (p<0.05) using the Dunn s multiple rnge test (Dunn, 1955). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The te pits mel use in the present stuy ontine bout 97.45% ry mtter, 6.40% rue protein, 2,699.5 kl metbolizble energy, 5.58% rue ft, 46.08% nitrogen free extrt (sugr+strh %) n 0.4% rue fiber/kg. The metbolizble energy ontent of te pits mel use ws lulte oring to Crpenter n Clegg (1956) eqution s follows: metbolizble energy (kl/kg) = 5+8 [rue protein (%) + (2.25* ether extrt (%)+(1.1* nitrogen free extrt (%)]. The hemil nlysis of te pits mel use in the present stuy ws typilly in greement with the finings of Njib n Al- Yousef (2012), who use the sme soure of the te pits mel use. The ifferenes in hemil omposition of te pits mel mong the ifferent stuies might be ttribute to the vriety, stge of mturtion, gronomi onitions n egree of ryness. There were no signifint intertions between ing ietry te pits mel n bet-mnnnse levels into iets use in the present stuy on ll the proutive performne n eggshell qulity prmeters of the lyer hen uring the whole 8-week tril perio from 45-5 weeks of ge. Results obtine from the present stuy showe tht ing ifferent ietry levels of te pits mel with ifferent bet-mnnnse supplementtion levels h signifint (p<0.05) ifferenes mong tretments in fee onsumption, fee onversion rtio, egg mss, egg proution, eggshell weight, eggshell weight perentge, eggshell thikness n eggshell weight per surfe re (Tble 2 n ). Lyer hen fe iets ontining 10% te pits mel supplemente with either 0 or 660 g betmnnnse/ton fee h signifintly (p<0.05) higher fee onsumption thn those fe iets ontining 0, 5, or 10% te pits mel supplemente with 0 g betmnnnse/ton fee n those fe iets ontining 0% te pits mel supplemente with 0 g betmnnnse/ton fee, but were not ifferent from the other tretments. Also, lyer hens fe iets ontining 0 or 5% te pits mel supplemente with 660 g betmnnnse/ton fee showe signifintly (p<0.05) lower (better) fee onversion rtio thn those fe iets ontining 5 or 10% te pits mel supplemente with 0 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee, while were not ifferent from the other tretments. On the other hn, lyer hens fe iets ontining 0, 5 or 10% te pits mel supplemente with 660 g bet-mnnnse n those fe 10% te pits mel supplemente with 0 g betmnnnse/ton fee showe signifintly (p<0.05) higher egg mss n egg proution thn those fe iets ontining 5 n 10% te pits mel supplemente with 0 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee, while were not ifferent from the other tretments (Tble 2). The negtive effet of ing up to 10% te pits mel without bet-mnnnse into lyer hen iet on fee onsumption might be lerly ssoite with the presene of non-strh polyshrie in te pits mel, whih inrese the visosity of the gut ontents (Ghsemi et l., 2014). Some stuies reporte tht ing te pits mel into lyer hen iets erese the metbolizble energy (Perez et l., 2000) n mino i vilbility (Rwn et l., 1997) ue to inresing fee pssge rte through the gstrointestinl trt. In the other stuy, Roberts (2004) reporte tht the igestibility of nutrients n utiliztion of minerls, espeilly lium were mrkely reue by inresing the te pits mel level. The worse fee onversion rtio of lyer hen fe iets ontining 10% te pits mel supplemente with 0 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee exhibite in the present stuy might be ue to the lower egg proution n egg mss. Also, it my be relte to the verse effet of nti-nutritionl substnes s one omponent of the te pits mel. El-Bogy (1995) reporte no signifint effet on egg weight by ing ifferent levels of te pits mel into 597

4 Tble 1: Composition n lulte nutritionl nlysis of isolori n isonitrogenous lyer iets ontining 0.0, 5.0, or 10.0% te pits mel with 0, 0, or 660 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee from 45-5 weeks of ge DP (%) in lyer iet Bet-mnnnse (g/ton fee) Fee ingreients (%) Yellow orn Oil Soyben mel (44.5% CP) Dte pits mel Limestone Dilium phosphte Antioxint L-Lysine Choline DL-Methionine Vitmin-minerl premix* Slt Clulte nutritionl nlysis Energy (Kl ME/kg fee) Crue protein (%) Crue ft (%) Crue fiber (%) Linoleni i (%) Clium (%) Avilble phosphorus (%) *Vitmin-minerl premix t this rte yiels: mg Mn, mg Fe, 1.70 mg Cu, mg Zn, 0.25 mg Se, 1.05 mg I, 11,02 IU vitmin A, 46 IU vitmin E,,858 IU vitmin D, 1.47 mg minione, 2.94 mg thimine, 5.85 mg riboflvin, mg pntotheni i, 0.55 mg biotin, 1.75 mg foli i, 478 mg holine, µg vitmin B12, 45.9 mg niin n 7.17 mg pyrioxine per kg iet Tble 2: Proutive performne prmeters of Hisex white egg lyer hens fe iets ontining 0, 5, or 10% te pits mel with 0, 0, or 660 g bet-mnnnse eh from 45 to 5 weeks of ge Tretment DP EZ IBW BWG FC FCR EW EM EP ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.08 b 69.01± ± ±20.2 b 6.85± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.0.44± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.29 b 2.55±0.11 b 69.07± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.05 b.18± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Mens±stnr error of men within olumn tht o not shre ommon supersript re signifintly ifferent (p<0.05), DP: Dte pits mel (%) into iet; EZ: g bet-mnnnse/ton fee, IBW: Initil boy weight (g), BWG: Boy weight gin (g), FC: Fee onsumption (kg/hen), FCR: Fee onversion rtio (kg FC/kg EM), EW: Egg weight (g), EM: Egg mss (kg), EP: Egg proution (%) hen lyer iets. Perez et l. (2000) inite tht the te On the other hn, Hermes n Al-Homin (2004) pits mel n be e into lyer iets up to 50% without signifint effet on egg proution, egg weight foun n improvement in the egg proution, egg weight, egg mss n fee onversion rtio/egg mss n fee onversion rtio. Also, Kshni et l. (201) (kg fee/kg egg) for lyer hens fe iets ontining 10% foun tht boy weight, egg proution, fee te pits mel. In ition, Njib n Al-Yousef (2012) onsumption, fee onversion rtio n egg mss were note tht lyer hens fe 10% te pits mel without not ffete signifintly by ing te pits mel up to enzymes improve the egg proution, fee onversion 21% into lyer hen iets. In ontrst, Njib n Al-Yousef rtio n egg mss, but reue egg size n (1994) note tht ing te pits mel into lyer hen inrese fee onsumption ompre to those fe iets up to 28% erese the egg proution n egg mss. Rwn et l. (1997) note negtive effet of 15% te pits mel without enzymes. Ghsemi et l. the ing the te pits mel into lyer hen iets on (2014) foun n inrese in fee onsumption n proutive performne prmeters. Reently, Ghsemi egg mss of lyer hens fe te pits mel. Also, Alet l. (2014) showe tht ing te pits mel into lyer hen iets yiele signifint reution in egg weight n Sffr et l. (201) observe tht the ing of 0.1% phytse, multi enzymes (mixture ontining protese, fee onversion rtio. mylogluosise, xylnse, bet glunse n 598

5 Tble : Egg shell qulity prmeters of Hisex white egg lyer hens fe iets ontining 0, 5, or 10% te pits mel with 0, 0, or 660 g bet-mnnnse eh from 45 to 5 weeks of ge Tretment DP EZ ESW ESWP ESG EST HU EYC ESWSA ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± b 9.± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± b 9.2± ± ±0.00 b 0.400± ± ±0.4 b 12.15± ±0.15 b 14.20± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.25 b 14.41± ± ± ± ±0.29 b 12.40±0.2 - Mens±stnr error of men within olumn tht o not shre ommon supersript re signifintly ifferent (p<0.05), DP: Dte pits mel (%) into iet; EZ: g bet-mnnnse/ton fee, ESW: Eggshell weight (g), ESWP: Eggshell weight perentge (%), ESG: Egg speifi grvity (g/m ), EST: Eggshell thikness (mm), HU: Hugh unit, EYC: Egg yolk olour, ESWSA: Egghell weight per surfe re ellulose), or hemiellulose into lyer hen iets mnnnse/ton fee n those fe iets ontining supplemente with 15% te pits mel improve egg either 0 or 10% te supplemente with 0 g betproution by 12.9, 16.9 n 17.2%, respetively. While, mnnnse/ton fee, but were not ifferent from the they note tht the ing 0.1% multi-enzyme into lyer other tretments (Tble ). These improvements in the hen iets ontining 0% te pits mel proue eggshell qulity of lyer hens fe iets ontining te similr proutive performne to those fe iets pits mel n supplemente with bet-mnnnse ontining 0% te pits mel supplemente with the might be ttribute to the improvements in the nutrients sme level of the multi-enzyme. Ghsemi et l. (2014) utiliztion n igestion of the te pits mel foun n inrese in fee onsumption n egg mss supplemente with bet-mnnnse. of lyer hens fe te pits mel. The reson for the improvement of the eggshell Lyer hens fe iets ontining 10% te pits mel thikness my be ue to the improvement of the shell supplemente with 660 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee mtrix omposition. These results were supporte by were signifintly (p<0.05) hevier eggshell weight thn finings of Swy et l. (1984), who foun higher those fe iets ontining 0, 5, or 10% te pits mel potssium, phosphorus, mgnesium, lium, soium, supplemente with 0 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee, but iron, mngnese, zin n opper ontents in te pits were not ifferent from the other tretments. In ition, mel might be improve the shell mtrix omposition. lyer hens fe iets ontining 0% te pits mel Ab El-Rhmn et l. (1999) foun tht ing te pits supplemente with 660 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee h mel up to 0% into lyer hen iets h no effet on signifintly (p<0.05) higher eggshell weight perentge eggshell thikness n eggshell weight perentge. thn those fe iets ontining either 0, 5, or 10% te Also, Kshni et l. (201) foun tht Hugh unit n pits mel supplemente with 0 g bet-mnnnse/ton egg speifi grvity were not ffete signifintly by fee n those fe iets ontining either 0 or 10% te ing te pits mel up to 21% into lyer hen iets. On pits mel supplemente with 0 g bet- the other hn, Perez et l. (2000) lso note mnnnse/ton fee, but were not ifferent from the signifint reution in eggshell weigh by ing te other tretments. On the other hn, lyer hens fe iets pits mel up to 0% into lyer hen iets. Njib n Alontining 0% te pits mel supplemente with 0g Yousef (2012) observe tht egg speifi grvity, yolk bet-mnnnse/ton fee n those fe iets olour n Hugh unit were signifintly ffete by te ontining either 0, 5, or 10% te pits mel pits mel level. Kshni et l. (201) note reution supplemente with 660 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee in eggshell weight, eggshell thikness n egg yolk were signifintly (p<0.05) more eggshell thikness thn olour by ing te pits mel up to 21% in lyer hen those fe iets ontining 0, 5, or 10% te iets. supplemente with 0 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee n In ition, Ykout et l. (2004) reporte tht enzyme those fe iets ontining 10% te supplemente with supplementtion to lyer hen iets signifintly 0 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee, but were not ifferent improve egg proution. Also, some stuies reporte from those fe iets ontining 5% te supplemente n improvement in egg proutive performne by with 0 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee (Tble ). ing the multi-enzymes into hen lyer iets ue to the However, lyer hens fe iets ontining 0% te pits enhnement in the nutrient supply (Gri et l., 2009), mel supplemente with 660 g bet-mnnnse/ton improvement in the gut bsorptive pity n fee reore signifintly (p<0.05) higher eggshell reution in igest visosity (Wu et l., 2005). Aing weight per surfe re thn those fe iets ontining enzymes into iets hve been reporte to improve either 0, 5, or 10% te supplemente with 0 g bet- proutive performne of lyer hens inluing fee 599

6 onversion rtio (Benbeljelil n Arboui, 1994) Al-Hrthi, M.A., The influene of te wste mel energy utiliztion (Wytt n Goomn, 199). Hussein supplemente with either enzymes, probiotis or n Alhrmi (200) reporte tht the lk of effet of their ombintion on broiler performne. Egypt. ing bet-mnnnse into lyer iets ontining 5 or Poult. Si., 26: % te pits mel on proutive performne n Al-Hrthi, M.A., A.A. El-Deek, H.M. Ykout n M. ALeggshell qulity prmeters might be ttribute to its Refee, The nutritive vlue of te wste ontent of the ifferent type of non-strh polyshrie. mel s feestuff for Lohmnn brown pullets n The vritions between the effets of ing ifferent lyers. J. Poult. Si., 46: te pits mel levels into lyer hen iets supplemente with ifferent bet-mnnnse levels on the proutive performne n eggshell qulity prmeters obtine in the present stuy n the other stuies might be ttribute to the ifferenes in the bree, strin, ge of lyer hens, iet hrteristis, feeing urtion, physiologil onition n vriety, omposition, level, type n origin of te pits mel n enzyme use. Moreover, nother use my be relte to the ft tht the low metbolizble energy of te pits mel iets for lyer hens ws ompenste by ietry oil, whih neutrlizes their negtivity. Bse on the results obtine from the present stuy, it n be onlue tht te pits mel oul be prtly e into lyer iets s lterntive feestuffs up to 10% with 660 g bet-mnnnse/ton fee supplementtion without negtive effets on proutive performne n eggshell qulity hrteristis of Hisex lyer hen from 45 to 5 weeks of ge. These finings justify further reserh on the effets of ing ifferent levels of te pits mel supplemente with ifferent levels of betmnnnse t ifferent ges on proutive performne n eggshell qulity prmeters for lyer hens re require to ttin the optiml results. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The uthors hve eeply ppreite the fun projet (No ) provie by the Denship of Sientifi Reserh of the King Fisl University to onut the stuy. Our thnks re lso extene to the Agriulturl n Veterinry Reserh Sttion for proviing the spe n help neee for this reserh. REFERENCES Assoition of Offiil Anlytil Chemists, Offiil Methos of Anlysis of the Assoition of Offiil Anlytil Chemist. 16 th rev. e. Arlington, Virgini, USA. Ab El-Rhmn, S.A., R.E. Khir n H.M. Abou-El-Nsr, Dte stone mel soure of energy in lyer iets. Egypt. Poult. Si., 19: Alhheri, A., G. Alhrmi, N. Abolng, I. Wsfi n M. Elii, Chemil omposition of te pits n reproutive hormonl sttus of rts fe te pits. Foo Chem., 86: Abullh, A.G., R.H. Hrms n O. El-Husseiny, 199. Performne of hens lying eggs with hevy or slight shell weight when fe iets with ifferent lium n phosphorus levels. Poult. Si., 72: Al-Homin, A.H., 200. Dte wste, whole tes n te pits s ingreients in broiler iets. Egypt. Poult. Si., 2: Al-Sffr, A.E., A.A. Youssef, M.B. Mhmou, H.S. Zewell, n F. Bover, 201. Proutive n reproutive performne n egg qulity of lying hens fe iets ontining ifferent levels of te pits with enzyme supplementtions. Trop. Anim. Helth Pro., 45: Almirll, M., M. Frnesh, A.M. Perez-Venrell, J. Brufu n E. Esteve-Gri, The ifferenes in intestinl visosity proue by brley n betglunse lter igest enzyme tivities n ilel nutrient igestibilities more in broiler hiks thn in oks. J. Nutr., 125: Attll, A.M. n F.M. Hrrz, Chemil omposition of the pits of selete te plm ultivrs grown in the Qssim region. Arb Gulf J. Si. Res., 14: Benbeljelil, K. n M.I. Arboui, Effets of enzyme supplementtion of brley bse iets on hen performne n egg qulity. Anim. Fee Si. Tehnol., 48: Crpenter, K.J. n K.M. Clegg, The metbolizble energy of poultry feeing stuffs in reltion to their hemil omposition. J. Si. Foo Agri., 7: Cho, J.H. n I.H. Kim, 201. Effets of bet-mnnnse supplementtion in ombintion with low n high energy ense iets for growing n finishing broilers. Livest. Si., 154: Cowieson, A.J. n V. Rvinrn, Effet of exogenous enzymes in mize-bse iets vrying in nutrient ensity for young broilers: growth performne n igestibility of energy, minerls n mino is. Br. Poult. Si., 49: Dskirn, M., R. Teeter, D. Foge n H. Hsio, An Evlution of Eno-bet-D-mnnnse (Hemiell) Effets on Broiler Performne n Energy Use in Diets Vrying in bet-mnnn ontent. Poult. Si., 8: Dunn, D.B., Multiple rnges n multiple F test. Biometris, 11: El-Bogy, A.H., Dte stone mel s n ingreient in lying Quil fee. Egypt. Poult. Si., 15: El-Hbb, M.S. n F. Al-Mulhim, 201. The ompetitiveness of the Sui Arbin te plm: An nlytil stuy. Afr. J. Agri. Res., 8:

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