The Japanese Quail: A Review

Transcription

1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 7 (9): 95-9, 008 ISSN Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 008 The Jpnese Quil: A Review Nsrollh Vli Deprtment of Animl Sciences, Fculty of Agriculture, Islmic Azd University, Shhrekord Brnch, Irn Astrct: The Jpnese quil elongs to the order Glformes, fmily Phside, genus Coturnix nd species jponic. Severl spects ccount for the utility of this ird. First, it hs ttined economic importnce s n griculturl species producing eggs nd met tht re enjoyed for their unique flvor. Egg production is importnt in Jpn nd Southest Asi, while met is the min product in Europe. Second, the low mintennce cost ssocited with its smll ody size (80-00 g) coupled with its short genertion intervl, (-4 genertion per yer), resistnce to diseses nd high egg production, rendered it n excellent lortory niml. Third, Jpnese quil lso is the smllest vin species frmed for met nd egg production. It hs thus een used extensively in mny studies. The Jpnese quil is red for egg nd met production. Few studies hve een pulished on egg production ut, reports on quil growth nd ody composition re numerous. Some of the estimted genetic prmeters for vrious trits of Jpnese quil were reported y severl workers. Key words: Jpnese quil, coturnix, heritility coefficients, genetic prmeters Introduction The Jpnese quil elongs to the order Glformes, fmily Phside, genus Coturnix nd sp. jponic. The scientific designtion for Jpnese quil is Coturnix jponic, different from the common quil Coturnix coturnix (Ther, 998; Mizutni, 00). The first record of wild Jpnese quil ppered in the eight century in Jpn. The plumge color of the wild type is predomintely drk cinnmon rown. However, dult femle hve ple rest fethers tht re speckled with drk colored spots. Adult mles hve uniform drk rustred fethers on the rest nd cheek (Mizutni, 00). The Jpnese quil originlly domesticted round the th century s pet song ird (Howes, 964; Crwford, 990; Kyng et l., 004), hs gined in vlue s food niml since (Wksugi, 984; Kyng et l., 004). Severl spects ccount for the utility of this ird. First, it hs ttined economic importnce s n griculturl species producing eggs nd met tht re enjoyed for their unique flvor (Kyng et l., 004). Egg production is importnt in Jpn nd Southest Asi, while met is the min product in Europe (Bumgrtner, 994; Minvielle, 998). Second, the low mintennce cost ssocited with its smll ody size (80-00 g) coupled with its short genertion intervl, (-4 genertion per yer), resistnce to diseses nd high egg production, rendered it n excellent lortory niml (Woodrd et l., 97; Bumgrtner, 994; Ylcin et l., 995; Oguz nd Minvielle, 00). Third, Jpnese quil lso is the smllest vin species frmed for met nd egg production (Bumgrtner, 994). It hs thus een used extensively in mny studies (Kyng et l., 004). Experimentl reserch estlished tht ody weight of Jpnese quil responded quickly to selection (Nestor et l., 98; Cron nd Minvielle, 990; Mrks, 99). At the sme time, Jpnese quil frming for met production expnded in severl countries (Bumgrtner, 994; Ylcin et l., 995; Minvielle, 998). In order to estlish reeding progrm, it is essentil to estimte genetic prmeters for improving the trits. The scle of the genetic prmeters could show the mount of improvement y selection. Some of the estimted genetic prmeters for vrious trits of domestics Jpnese quil were reported y severl workers (Kwhr nd Sito, 976; Toelle et l., 99; Minvielle et l., 999, 000; Vli et l., 005). Kwhr nd Sito (976) reported the genetic prmeters of different orgns nd ody weights in the Jpnese quil. Toelle et l. (99) estimted genetic nd phenotypic reltionships etween ody weight, crcss nd some of the orgn prmeters. Minvielle et l. (000) reported the crcss chrcteristics of hevy Jpnese quil line under introgression with the roux gene. Mesurement of production chrcteristics: The Jpnese quil is red for egg nd met production. Few studies hve een pulished on egg production (Minvielle et l., 995; Minvielle et l., 999; Minvielle et l., 000; Minvielle et l., 000c; Vli et l., 006) ut, reports on quil growth nd ody composition re numerous (e.g., Collin et l., 970; Chhil nd Johnson, 974; Strong et l., 978; Bcon et l., 98; Nestor nd Bcon, 98; Nestor et l., 98; Bcon et l., 986; Mrks, 99; 99c; 99d; Ylcin et l., 995). Chrcteristics relted to the lying: Nestor nd Bcon (98) studied egg production, mture ody weight, 95

2 Nsrollh Vli: The Jpnese Quil egg weight, yolk weight, fertility, htchility nd mortlity Effect of divergent selection for HE nd LE on egg during the erly growing period were compred in production nd egg weight showed in Tle (Nestor et strins of Jpnese quil. The strins were either l., 98). rndom red control (R) tht served s the se Minvielle et l. (000c) evluted four Jpnese quil popultion or strins divergently selected for high (HW) line were developed using genertions of reciprocl or (LW) 4 week ody weight or high (HP) or (LP) plsm recurrent (lines AA nd BB) or within-line selection (lines phosphorus (yolk precursor) erly in the lying period. DD nd EE) for high egg numer until 98 of ge. They reported chnge in 4 week ody weight in HW nd Minvielle et l. (999) reported Roux plumge ws LW ws ssocited with corresponding chnges in significntly ssocited with % lower ody weight nd mture ody weight, yolk weight nd totl egg weight. less dominl ft pd. Egg production ws not Egg production decresed in HW, ut there ws no influenced y the roux muttion, ut egg weight ws % significnt chnge in LW. Mortlity, incresed in LW nd lower. Minvielle nd Oguz (00) otined egg qulity is decresed in HW. Egg production of HP declined t ffected y selection on ody weight, ut these effects rte similr to tht oserved in HW. No other consistent differ somewht etween experiments, mye in reltion significnt chnges occurred in the phosphorous to the origins of reeding lines. Selection on egg strins. Fertility nd htchility did not exhiit significnt production could increse yolk content. Direct selection strin differences in the fifth genertion of selection. Foo work on egg qulity trits hs shown tht there ws nd Chndrn (996) reported tht, five week old lyer genetic vrition for yolk relted chrcters. The T6/T reeder quils were individully weighed nd were polyunsturted ftty cids (PUFA) rtio cn e improved grouped into 6 ody weight rnges. Groups U weighted y selection g, group V, g, group W, 0-8 g, group It ws concluded tht selecting for totl plsm X, 0-8 g, group Y, 0-8 g nd group Z, phosphorus in lying femle Jpnese quil is effective g. Bigger quil (0 g nd ove) come to sexul in quntittively ut not qulittively ltering the dys < mturity nd pek production erlier nd hd n overll.006 lipoprotein levels in the lying hen plsm, without higher egg production. Feed consumption ws lower ffecting the dys>.006 lipoprotein levels (Bcon et l., (40.6 v. 4.9 g feed/egg). They reported tht this strin of 98). Strong et l., (978) reported the verge plsm quils requires minimum ody weight of 0 g t the lipophosphoprotein (LPP) concentrtion ws.5±0.6 fifth week. Vli et l. (006) worked tht, comprison of mg/ml. Totl plsm clcium concentrtion (9.4±0. egg weight etween two quil strins, Jpnese quil mg %) ws similr to tht reported for chickens nd (Coturnix jpnese) nd Rnge quil (Coturnix turkeys, while totl plsm phosphorus concentrtion ypisilophorus). Egg weight of Jpnese quils nd (799±8 µg/ml) ws higher then reporters for other vin species. Heritility coefficients (h ) nd stndrd error Rnge quils were.±0.0 nd.7±0.05, (± SE) relted to the lying Jpnese quil (Coturnix respectively which were not significntly different jponic) severl ppers shown in Tle. (p>0.05). Nestor et l. (98) reported from rndom red control popultion of Coturnix coturnix Jponic Relevnt chrcteristic with growth nd production strins were divergently selected for high (HE) nd low met: Numerous selection experiments on live ody (LE) 0-dy egg production sed on individul egg weight hve een crried out (Oguz nd Minvielle, 00) records. Bsed on five genertions of selection, relized nd were quite successful t incresing or decresing heritility for HE nd LE were 0.06±0.55 nd ody weight. In some of them, crcss nd qulity trits 0.5±0.00, respectively. In the first genertion, the were lso monitored (Mrks, 99). Mrks, (99) 0- dys period strted when pproximtely 50% of the investigted ody weight, feed intke, feed efficiency nd hens lid their first egg. The 0-dys period egn with crcss composition chnges following 5 genertion the dte of first egg for ech femle in lter genertions. of selection for high 4 week ody weight in Jpnese Tle : Effect of divergent selection for HE nd LE on egg production nd egg weight 0-dy egg production (no./hen) Egg weight (g) Genertion of selection R HE LE R HE LE Source: Nestor et l., (98), Control group, (HE) high 0-dy egg productions, (LE) low 0-dy egg productions 96

3 Nsrollh Vli: The Jpnese Quil quil. Men ody weight of selected (p line) nd ody weight hs cused sexul mturity to dely y unselected (C line) quil from 0-56 dys of ge (Tle dys. Both egg production nd egg weight improved ), tht ody weight of p line quil were significntly Tle : Men ody weight of selected (P line) nd unselected (p<0.05) lrge then ody weight of C line quil t ll (C line) Jpnese quil from 0 to 56 dys of ge ges with the gretest devition occurring t the ge of Age (dys) P line (g) C line (g) Rtio selection. Feed intke ws significntly greter in the p 0 9.±0. 6.±0..48 line nd prlleled ody weight increses..0±0. 7.± ±0..±0..9 Syed Hussien et l. (995) reported the results of 7 4.9±0.6 9.±0..7 continuous selection tht were showed mrked ± ±0.5.4 improvement of the vrious trits. At 0 genertion, the 4 95.±.7 9.0± popultion verge ody weight t 5 weeks old of the 64.5± ± mle line ws 8 g. After 0 genertions of selection 8 8.8± ± ±6.0.±.0.4 the verge popultion ody weight hs reched to ±8..9±..0 g, n increse of 79 g or 44% gin. In the femle line,, Source: Mrks, (99), Mens ± SEM within rows with no fter 9 genertions of selection, improvement in ody common, Superscripts differ significntly (p<0.05). weight gin ws 4.%. However, improvement in Rtio = P line: C line Tle : Heritility coefficients (h ) nd stndrd error (± SE) relted to the lying Jpnese quil (Coturnix jponic) Trit Estimtion method Heritility coefficient (%) Source 70 dy egg production SC 0.6±0.7 Strong et l. (978) 70 dy egg production DC 0.58±0.6 Strong et l. (978) 70 dy egg production S+D 0.4±0.0 Strong et l. (978) (HE) For high 0-dy egg production RH 0.06±0.055 Nestor et l. (98) (LE) For low 0-dy egg production RH 0.5±0.00 Nestor et l. (98) Sexul dimorphism AM; REML 0.6 Minvielle et l. (997) Egg numer t week of ge AM; REML 0.9 Minvielle et l. (997) Egg numer t 8week of ge LS; HS 0. Minvielle (998) Egg weight 0.6 Minvielle (998) Egg weight LS; DD 0.5 Bumgrtner (994) Egg weight LS; HS 0.49 Minvielle (998) Egg weight AM; REML 0.50 Minvielle et l. (997) Egg weight t weeks FS 0.65 Sittmnn et l. (966) Yolk weight 0.68 Minvielle (998) Yolk weight LS; DD 0.5 Bumgrtner (994) Yolk weight AM; REML Minvielle et l. (997) Alumen weight LS; DD 0.5 Bumgrtner (994) Yolk cholesterol content LS; DD 0.4 Bumgrtner (994) Egg shpe index LS; DD 0.4 Bumgrtner (994) Shell weight LS; DD 0.5 Bumgrtner (994) Shell weight AM; REML 0.60 Minvielle et l. (997) Shell weight 0.78 Minvielle (998) Egg Wt. SC 0.50±0.4 Strong et l. (978) Egg Wt. DC.07±0.5 Strong et l. (978) Egg Wt. S+D 0.78±0. Strong et l. (978) Egg Wt. SC 0.8±0.9 Strong et l. (978) Egg Wt. DC 0.7±0.6 Strong et l. (978) Egg Wt. S+D 0.50±0.0 Strong et l. (978) Plsm (LPP) SC 0.9±0.0 Strong et l. (978) Plsm(LPP) S+D 0.0±0.7 Strong et l. (978) Totl plsm clcium DC 0.5±0.8 Strong et l. (978) Totl plsm clcium S+D 0.±0.9 Strong et l. (978) Totl plsm phosphorus SC 0.48±0. Strong et l. (978) Totl plsm phosphorus DC 0.9±0.5 Strong et l. (978) Totl plsm phosphorus S+D 0.4±0.8 Strong et l. (978) The first two norml eggs lid y ech quil were weighed nd verge ws recorded (Egg Wt. ). After pproximtely two to three weeks of production, smple of three consecutive eggs per quil ws weight nd this verge ws recorded (Egg Wt. ), Plsm (LPP) lipophosphopretein HS = hlf si, FS = full si, PP = prent-progeny, DD = dughter-dm, AM = niml model, LS = lest squres estimtion, REML = restricted mximum likelihood estimtion, SC = sire component, DC = dm component, S+D = sire dm, RH = relized heritility 97

4 Nsrollh Vli: The Jpnese Quil Tle 4: Heritility coefficients (h ) nd stndrd error (± SE) of ody weight of Jpnese quil (Coturnix jponic) Age Estimtion method Sex Heritility coefficient (%) Source 4 week LS; HS M,F 0.54 Dmme nd Aumnn (99) 4 week PP; REML M,F 0.47 Minvielle (998) 4 week LS; HS M,F 0.74 Minvielle (998) 4 week RH M,F 0.7±0.05 Nestor et l. (98 ) 4 week SC M,F 0.4 Mrks (978) 4 week DC M,F 0.78 Mrks (978) 4 week RH M,F 0.49±0.06 Mrks (978) BW SC F 0.0±0.45 Strong et l. (978) BW DC F.6±0.8 Strong et l. (978) BW S+D F 0.59±0. Strong et l. (978) BW SC F 0.0±0.45 Strong et l. (978) BW DC F.6±0.8 Strong et l. (978) BW S+D F 0.6±0. Strong et l. (978) 4 week SC M,F 0.49±0. Toelle et l. (99) 4 week DC M,F 0.70±0.4 Toelle et l week S+D M,F 0.59±0.08 Toelle et l. (99) 5 week DD M,F 0.6±0.0 Chhil nd Johnson (974) 5 week RH M,F 0.470±0.50 Chhil nd Johnson (974) 45 dys RH (line ) M 0.±0.0 Cron nd Minvielle (990) 45 dys RH (line ) M 0.9±0.0 Cron nd Minvielle (990) 45 dys RH (line ) M 0.7±0.0 Cron nd Minvielle (990) 45 dys RH (line c) M -0.0±0.07 Cron nd Minvielle (990) 45 dys RH (line ) F 0.±0.04 Cron nd Minvielle (990) 45 dys RH (line ) F 0.4±0.0 Cron nd Minvielle (990) 45 dys RH (line ) F 0.8±0.04 Cron nd Minvielle (990) 45 dys RH (line c) F 0.8±0.5 Cron nd Minvielle (990) 5 dys AM (multi-trit) M,F 0.6±0.098 Vli et l. (005) 4 dys AM (multi-trit) M,F 0.4±0.09 Vli et l. (005) 49 dys AM (multi-trit) M,F 0.±0.08 Vli et l. (005) 6 dys AM (multi-trit) M,F 0.74±0.96 Vli et l. (005) 5 dys AM (single-trit) M,F 0.5±0.07 Vli et l. (005) 4 dys AM (single-trit) M,F 0.89±0.0 Vli et l. (005) 49 dys AM (single-trit) M,F 0.95±0.094 Vli et l. (005) 6 dys AM (single-trit) M,F 045±0.09 Vli et l. (005) week SC M 0.56 Bumgrtner (994) week SC F 0.68 Bumgrtner (994) week DD M 0.66 Bumgrtner (994) week DD F 0.85 Bumgrtner (994) 5 week FS M 0.69 Kwhr nd Stto (976) 5 week FS F 0.00 Kwhr nd Stto (976) BW ody weight ner the time of sexul mturity, BW ody weight three weeks fter the time of sexul mturity, HS = hlf si, PP = prent-progeny, DD = dughter-dm, AM = niml model, LS = lest squres estimtion, REML = restricted mximum likelihood estimtion, SC = sire component, DC = dm component, S+D = sire dm, RH = relized heritility until 9 nd 4%, respectively. Vli et l. (005) ody weights for the four lines for mles nd femles compred ody weight of two quil strins (Coturnix were, 7.6 nd 6.4 g; 5.9 nd 74. g; 95. nd jponic nd Coturnix ypisilophorus) t 5, 4, 49 nd 8. g nd 47.7 nd 69.4 g. Mss selection ws 6 dys of ge, the respective men ody weight for two effective in lines, nd. Selected lines produced strins were: 5.49±.40 nd 5.95±.9; hevier crcsses, more met nd more dominl ft. 60.8±.54 nd 50.7±.0; 8.54±.6 nd The femles produced lrger crcss thn the 7.6±.6; 98.46±.7 nd 9.8±.9, mles(6.7 versus 50.9 g, p = 0.05). But t 7.7%, the respectively for ges. They reported ody weight of two crcss yield ws 5.8% lrger for the mles thn the strins t 5, 4 nd 49 dys of ge were significntly femles. Vli et l. (005) reported mles quil showed different (p<0.0), ut there were not ny significnt higher percentge of crcss (70.58±0.46) thn femles difference t 6 dys of ge (p>0.05). Cron nd (64.±0.4). Mrks (99 ) investigted the crcss Minvielle (990) reported mss selection for incresed, composition chnges following 5 genertions of live ody weight t 45 dys of ge ws crried out for 7 selection for high 4 week ody weight in Jpnese quil. or 0 genertions in three lines (,,) of Jpnese Crcss composition determintions reveled quil. One line (C) ws n unselected control. They significnt (p<0.05) ge nd line effects. He reported expounded tht t the end study, the respective men percentge crcss protein ws significntly (p<0.000) 98

5 Nsrollh Vli: The Jpnese Quil influenced y ge. Percentge protein vlues were low heterosis vried mong the cross nd trits. Syed ( %) in oth the P nd C lines t 0 nd 4 dys Hussein et l. (999) reported two trils were crried out nd incresed in liner fshion to out 0% t 4 to study the effects of crossing strins of Jpnese dys of ge. After 4 dys of ge in the P line nd 8 quils on growth nd reproductive performnces. In tril dys in the C line, percentge protein declined slightly in, strin FF (met type) nd strin JQ (egg type) were oth lines through 56 dys. Toelle et l. (99) crossed to produce crossed strin FJ. Five week estimted the pternl hlf si heritility for ody, weights were significntly different mong the strins crcss nd orgn weights in Jpnese quil were (FF, 57 g; JQ, g; FJ, 78 g) with negtive heterosis moderte to high for most trits studied, suggesting tht (-6.%). However positive hetrosis (8.%) ws oserved selection to increse or decrese these trits should e for egg production. IN tril, strin FM ws crossed with successful. He reported tht the genetic correltion of the crossed strin FJ to produce crossed strin M/FJ. ody weight with the other crcss mesurements were There were significnt differences in 5 week ody weight positive nd tended to e moderte to high. Minvielle et nd feed conversion rtio for strins. Five week ody l. (999) reported roux plumge ws significntly weight nd feed conversion rtio for strins FM, FJ nd ssocited with % lower ody weight nd 0% less M/FJ were 7 g nd.6, 80 g nd.07 nd 7 g dominl ft pd. Nryn et l. (00) investigted nd.7, respectively. Positive heterosis (4.9%) ws purered, heterosis, generl nd specific comining noted for ody weight ut negtive heterosis (-4.%) for ilities (GCA nd SCA, respectively), mternl ility feed conversion rtio. The results of these trils showed (MA) nd sex linked effect (SLE), which these trits were the dvntges of using these crossing to comine highly significnt for ody weights oth t 4 nd 5 weeks growth rte nd reproductive performnce in producing of ge mong the mle progeny. Generl comining reeding nd commercil stocks for met production. ility ws more importnt thn the specific comining Heritility coefficients (h ) nd stndrd error (± SE) of ility for the complete rry of trits, in their report, ody weight nd crcss chrcteristics of Jpnese indicting tht dditive genetic effects were importnt quil (Coturnix jponic) severl ppers shown in Tle thn non-dditive genetic effects. The mgnitude of 4 nd 5, respectively. Tle 5: Heritility coefficients (h ) nd stndrd error (± SE) of crcss chrcteristics of Jpnese quil (Coturnix jponic) Estimtion Heritility Trits method Age Sex coefficient (%) Source Bone weight FS 5 week M Kwhr nd Stto (976) FS 5 week F Kwhr nd Stto (976) Hert weight FS 5 week M 0.55 Kwhr nd Stto (976) FS 5 week F 0. Kwhr nd Stto (976) Hert (undjusted for BW) S+D 4 dy M, F 0.±0.06 Toelle et l. (99) SC 4 dy M, F 0.±0.0 Toelle et l. (99) DC 4 dy M, F 0.6±0. Toelle et l. (99) Lung weight FS 5 week M 0.06 Kwhr nd Stto (976) FS 5 week F 0.84 Kwhr nd Stto (976) Liver weight FS 5 week M 0.46 Kwhr nd Stto (976) FS 5 week F Kwhr nd Stto (976) Liver (undjusted for BW) S+D 4 dy M, F 0.7±0.06 Toelle et l. (99) SC 4 dy M, F 0.8±0. Toelle et l. (99) DC 4 dy M, F 0.07±0. Toelle et l. (99) Gizzrd weight FS 5 week M Kwhr nd Stto (976) FS 5 week F Kwhr nd Stto (976) Gizzrd S+D 4 dy M, F 0.6±0.08 Toelle et l. (99) (undjustedfor BW) SC 4 dy M, F 0.84±0.5 Toelle et l. (99) DC 4 dy M, F 0.4±0.4 Toelle et l. (99) Intestine weight FS 5 week M 0.74 Kwhr nd Stto (976) FS 5 week F 0.75 Kwhr nd Stto (976) Pncres weight FS 5 week M 0.8 Kwhr nd Stto (976) FS 5 week F 0.46 Kwhr nd Stto (976) Spleen weight FS 5 week M 0.55 Kwhr nd Stto (976) FS 5 week F 0.50 Kwhr nd Stto (976) Kidney weight FS 5 week M 0.79 Kwhr nd Stto (976) FS 5 week F 0.94 Kwhr nd Stto (976) Ovry weight FS 5 week F Kwhr nd Stto (976) 99

6 Nsrollh Vli: The Jpnese Quil Tle 5: Cotinued Estimtion Heritility Trits method Age Sex coefficient (%) Source Testis weight FS 5 week M 0.77 Kwhr nd Sito (976) Oviduct weight FS 5 week F 0.54 Kwhr nd Sito (976) Muscle weight (including FS 5 week M 0.69 Kwhr nd Sito (976) skin nd fether) FS 5 week F 0.48 Kwhr nd Sito (976) Crcss weight AM (multi-trit) 49 dy M, F 0.7±0.0 Vli et l. (005) Crcss percent AM (multi-trit) 49 dy M, F 0.9±0.084 Vli et l. (005) Brest weight AM (multi-trit) 49 dy M, F 0.6±0.00 Vli et l. (005) Brest percent AM (multi-trit) 49 dy M, F 0.5±0.094 Vli et l. (005) Thigh weight AM (multi-trit) 49 dy M, F 0.8±0.4 Vli et l. (005) Thigh percent AM (multi-trit) 49 dy M, F 0.90±0.64 Vli et l. (005) HS = hlf si, FS = full si, PP = prent-progeny, DD = dughter-dm, AM = niml model, LS = lest squres estimtion, REML = restricted mximum likelihood estimtion, SC = sire component, DC = dm component, S+D = sire dm, RH = relized heritility References Bcon, W.L., K.E. Nestor, D.W. Long nd D.H. Ohm, 98. Divergent selection for ody weight nd yolk precursor in Coturnix coturnix Jpnic.. Correlted responses in plsm lipoproteins nd lipids. Poult. Sci., 6: Bcon, W.L., K.E. Nestor nd D.W. Long, 986. Divergent selection for ody weight nd yolk precursor in Coturnix coturnix Jpnic. 6. Correlted response in plsm clcium nd eggshell trits. Poult. Sci., 65: Bumgrtner, J., 994. Jpnese quil production, reeding nd genetics. World s Poult. Sci. J., 50: 7-5. Cron, N. nd F. Minvielle, 990. Mss selections for 45- dy ody weight in Jpnese quil: selection response crcss composition, cooking properties nd sensory chrcteristics. Poult. Sci., 69: Chhil, P.S. nd W.A. Johnson, 974. Intr-sire regression of offspring on dm s mesure of the dditive genetic vrince for five week ody weight in Coturnix coturnix Jponic. Poult. Sci., 5: Crwford, R.D., 990. Origin nd history of poultry species. In Poultry reeding nd genetics. Crwford R.D. (Ed.). pp: -4. Elsevier, Amsterdm. Collins, W.M., H. Aplnlp nd W.G. Hill, 970. Mss selection for ody weight in quil. Poult. Sci., 49: Dmme, K. nd J. Aumnn, 99. Proc.9th world poultry congress, Amsterdm, : Foo, J.K. nd Chndrn, x (996) Reltionship etween 5th week weight nd susequent performnce of one strin of lyer reeder quil (Coturnix Jponic) proceeding of the silver juilee Mlysin society of niml production, Srwk, pp: Howes, J.R., 964. Jpnese quil s found in Jpn. Quil Qurterly, : 9-0. Kwhr, T. nd K. Sito, 976. Genetic prmeters of orgn nd ody weight in the Jpnese quil. Poult. Sci., 55: Kyng, B.B., A. Vignl, M. Inoue-Murym, M. Miw, J.L. Monvoisin, S. Ito nd F. Minvielle, 004. A firstgenertion micro stellite linkge mp of the Jpnese quil. Anim. Genetics, 5: Mrks, H.L., 978. Long term selection for four-week ody weight in Jpnese quil under different nutritionl environments. Theory Applied Genetic, 5: 05-. Mrks, H.L., 99. Crcss composition, feed intke nd feed efficiency following long-term selection four week ody weight in Jpnese quil. Poult. Sci., 7: Mrks, H.L., 99. Divergent selection for growth in Jpnese quil under split nd complete nutritionl environments.6.differentil ody weights in reciprocl crosses. Poult. Sci., 7: Mrks, H.L., 99c The influence of dietry protein on ody weight of Jpnese quil lines selected under high- nd low-protein deits. Poul. Sci., 7: Mrks, H.L., 99d. Growth under different nutritionl environments following selection in Jpnese quil under specific environments. Poult. Sci., 7: Minvielle, F., J.L. Monvoisin, A. Frenot nd J. Cost, 995. Heterosis for erly egg production nd feed intke in Jpnese quil. Arch Geflugelk, 59: Minvielle, F., J.L. Monvoisin, J. Cost nd A. Frenot, 997. Quil lines selected on egg numer either on pure line or on crossred performnce. th interntionl symposium, Pruhonice ner Prgue (Czech Repulic). Minvielle, F., 998. Genetic nd reeding of Jpnese quil for production round the world. Proceedings 6th Asin Pcific poultry congress Ngoy, Jpn. Minvielle, F., E. Hirigoyen nd M. Bouly, 999. Associted effects of the Roux plumge color muttion on growth, crcss trits, egg production nd reproduction of Jpnese quil. Poult. Sci., 78:

7 Nsrollh Vli: The Jpnese Quil Minvielle, F., E. Hirigoyen nd M. Bouly, 999. Nestor, K.E., W.L. Bcon nd A.L. Lmio, 98 Associted effects of the Roux plumge color Divergent selection for egg production in Coturnix muttion on growth, crcss trits, egg production coturnix Jponic. Poult. Sci., 6: nd reproduction of Jpnese quil. Poult. Sci., 78: Oguz, I. nd F. Minvielle, 00. Effects of genetics nd reeding on crcss nd met qulity of Jpnese Minvielle, F., G. Gndemer, Y. Med, G. Leorgoyen quil: A review. Proceedings of XV Europen nd M. Bouly, 000. Crcss chrcteristics of symposium on the qulity of poultry met, WPSA hevy Jpnese quil line under introgressions Turkish rnch, 9- Septemer Kusdsi-Turkey. with the roux gene. Bri. Poult. Sci., 4: Sittmnn, K., H. Aplnlp nd R.A. Frser, 966. Inreeding depression in Jpnese quil. Genetics, Minvielle, F., J.L. Coville, A. Krup, J.L. Monvoisin, Y. 54: Med nd S. Okmoto, 000. Genetic similrity Strong, C.F., Jr., K.E. Nestor nd W.L. Bcon, 978. nd reltionships of DNA fingerprints with Inheritnce of egg production, egg weight, ody performnce nd with heterosis in Jpnese quil weight nd certin plsm constituents in Coturnix. lines from two origins nd under reciprocl Poult. Sci., 57: -9. recurrent or within-line selection for erly egg Syed Hussein, S.A., Y.S. Chee nd M. Jmilh, 995. production. Genetic Selection Evol., : Selection of quil for met production. Proccding of Minvielle, F., J.L. Monvoisin, J. Cost nd Y. Med, the 7th Mlysin society of niml 000c. Long-term egg production nd heterosis in production,mlysi, Penng, pp:4-5. quil lines fter within-line or reciprocl recurrent Ther, K., 998. Keeping quil ( guide to domestic nd selection for high erly egg production. Bri. Poult. commercil mngement), third edition, pulished Sci., 4: y Brod Leys pulishing compny London E9 5EN. Minvielle, F. nd Y. Oguz, 00. Effects of genetics nd Toelle, V.D., G.B. Hvenstein, K.E. Nestor nd W.R. reeding on egg qulity of Jpnese quil. World s Hrvey, 99. Genetic nd phenotypic reltionships Poult. Sci. J., 58: in Jpnese quil.. Body weight, crcss nd Mizutni, M., 00. The Jpnese quil, Lortory orgn mesurements. Poult. Sci., 70: Animl Reserch Sttion, Nippon Institute for Vli, N., M.A. Edriss nd H.R. Rhmni, 005. Gentic Biologicl Science, Kouchizw, Ymnshi, prmeters of ody nd some crcss trit in two Jpn, pp: quil strins. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4: Nryn, R., B.P. Singh, S. Mjumdr, R.D. Shrm nd Vli, N., M.A. Edriss nd H. Moshtghi, 006. M.C. Ydv, 00. Estimtion of crossreeding Comprison of egg weight etween two quil strins. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: prmeters for economice roiler trits of Jpnese Wksugi, N., 984. Jpnese quil. In: Evolution of quil in tropicl climte. Centrl vin reserch Domesticted Animls. Mson I.l. (Ed.). Longmn, institute, Iztngr, 4 (U.P.) Indi. London, pp: 9-. Nestor, K.E., W.L. Bcon nd A.L. Lmio, 98. Woodrd, A.E., H. Aplvlp, W.O. Wilson nd P. Vohr, Divergent slection for ody weighr nd yolk 97. Jpnese quil husndry in the lortory. precursor in Coturnix coturnix Jponic.. Selection Deprtment of Avin Sciences University of response. Poult. Sci., 6: -7. Cliforni, Dvis, CA, Nestor, K.E. nd W.L. Bcon, 98. Divergent selection Ylcin, S., I. Oguz nd S. Otles, 995. Crcss for ody weight nd yolk precursor in Coturnix chrcteristics of quil (Coturnix coturnix jponic) coturnix Jpnese.. Correlted responses in slughtered t different ges. Bri. Poult. Sci., 6: mortlity, reproduction trits nd dult ody weight Poult. Sci., 6: