Effect of two commercial yeast cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ruminal fermentation and digestion in sheep fed sugar cane tops

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1 Livestok Prodution Siene 63 (2000) lote/ livprodsi Effet of two ommeril yest ultures with Shromyes erevisie on ruminl fermenttion nd digestion in sheep fed sugr ne tops J.L. Aros-Grı, F.A. Cstrejon *, G.D. Mendoz, E.P. Perez-Gviln, Universidd Nionl Autonom de Mexio, Fultd de Mediin Veterinri y Zooteni, Deprtmento de Nutriion Animl, Cd. Universitri, Mexio, D.F , Mexio Colegio de Postgrdudos, Progrm de Gnderı, Monteillo, km 35.5 Crr. Mexio-Texoo Estdo de Mexio, Mexio, Mexio Reeived 14 Septemer 1998; reeived in revised form 19 April 1999; epted 6 My 1999 Astrt A feeding tril ws onduted to evlute the effet of two diret-fed miroil ultures ontining Shromyes erevisie, on ruminl fermenttion nd digestiility of diets sed on sugr ne tops. Three Suffolk ewes (30 kg BW) with ruminl nnul were used in ltin squre design, where tretments were ontrol group (CG); 3 g/dy of Ye-S 8 9 (YS, CFU/g) nd 1 g/dy of Levuell (LC, CFU/g). The ultures were dded to the rumen. Diet ws sed on sugr ne tops (50%), sorghum grin (21%), whet rn (15%), molsses (12%) nd ure (2%). Ruminl ph ws highest (P, 0.05) in CG (6.05), nd lower (P, 0.05) with YS thn with LC (5.85 vs. 5.96). Totl VFA onentrtion ws greter (P, 0.05) with yest ultures (LC, mm; YS mm) thn in CG (97.3 mm). However, no effets were deteted in VFA molr proportion, protozo popultion, or totl trt digestiility. In situ DM nd NDF degrdtion ws not ffeted y tretments. Neither diret-fed miroil ulture with Shromyes erevisie improved either fermenttion or digestion in sheep fed sugr ne tops Elsevier Siene B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Yest ulture; Shromyes erevisie; Proiotis; Rumen fermenttion; Digestion 1. Introdution inonsistent (Chiquette, 1995). Some of the possile uses for the inonsisteny ould e ssoited with Diret-fed miroil produts ontining S- hrteristis of the strin (Newold et l., 1995), hromyes erevise hve een used to improve differenes etween ommeril dditives (Mendoz dily gin nd milk prodution in ruminnts (Wl- et l., 1995), nd diet omposition (Wlle, 1994). le, 1994); however, results hve een vrile nd Improvement of ruminl NDF digestion using Shromyes erevise with low qulity forges *Corresponding uthor. Fx: hs een reported previously (Plt et l., 1994; E-mil ddress: fp@servidor.unm.mx (F.A. Cstrejon) Sommrt et l., 1993) nd enefits re explined y / 00/ $ see front mtter 2000 Elsevier Siene B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S (99)

2 154 J.L. Aros-Grı et l. / Livestok Prodution Siene 63 (2000) more tive miroil popultion ssoited with the phori id (Erwin et l., 1961). Ammoni-N ws ility of the yest to remove O2 in ruminl fluid mesured y the indophenol method (MCullough, (Newold et l., 1993), improving neroiosis in 1967). A ruminl fluid smple ws lso used to ount the rumen (Wlle, 1994). protozo, mixing 5 ml of ruminl fluid with 5 ml This tril ws designed to ompre the effet of iodine solution (Colemn, 1978) stored t 108C nd two ommeril yest ultures with Shromyes ounted per milliliter of ruminl fluid with erevise on ruminl fermenttion nd digestiility, hemoytometer. in sheep fed diet sed on sugr ne tops, whih In situ dispperne of neutrl detergent fier is n importnt lignoellulosi y-produt in de- (NDF) ws mesured inuting 3 g of sugr ne veloping ountries. tops ground through 1-mm sreen, in polyester gs ( m; 40-mm pore size). Duplite gs were inuted t 12, 24, 48, 72 nd 96 h strting on 2. Mteril nd methods dy 2. NDF ws determined y proedures outlined y Goering nd Vn Soest (1970). Three ruminlly fistulted Suffolk ewes (30 kg Chromi oxide ws dosed intrruminlly (1 g/ BW) were ssigned rndomly to the following dy). Fel gr smples were olleted for 4 dys, tretments: ontrol group, 3 g/dy of Ye-S s reommended y Stok et l. (1987). Feed nd 8 (Allteh, Niholsville; YS, CFU/ g) nd 1 fel smples were oven-dried (558C, 24 h) nd g/ dy of Levuell [Agrimeri (Northrook, IL, ground to pss 1-mm sreen nd omposited y 9 USA) LC, CFU/ g). Yest ultures were site nd niml. Dry mtter, orgni mtter nd dosed intrruminlly one dily t 8:00 h, immedi- nitrogen were nlyzed y stndrd methods tely fter feed ws offered. Viility of Ye-S (AOAC, 1980) nd hromium ws mesured y nd Levuell ws mesured y ounts of CFU during tomi sorption spetrophotometry (Willims et inution of yests in dextrose gr ulture with l., 1962). peniillin estreptomiin (200 ppm) t 308C for 48 h Dt were nlyzed s ltin squre design (Cruiskshnk et l., 1975); CFU vlues were (Steel nd Torrie, 1980). Orthogonl ontrsts were for Ye-S nd used to ompre ontrol group vs. miroil ultures, Levuell. nd Ye-S vs. Levuell, using the GLM The diet (dry sis) onsisted of sugr ne tops proedure of SAS (1985). (50%), sorghum grin (21%), whet rn (15%), molsses (12%) nd ure (2%) with the following omposition: DM, 90.23%; OM, 92.37%; CP, 3. Results nd disussion 11.47%; NDF, 62.57% nd ADF, 28.45%. A minerl premix ws offered d liitum (C, 10%; P, 12%; S, Addition of Shromyes erevise redued 1.5%; Mg, 2%; K, 2%; Co, %; Cu, 0.07%; Fe, (P, 0.01) ruminl ph ompred to the ontrol group 0.15%; I, 0.005%; Mn, 0.25%; Se, %; Zn, (Tle 1), s reported y other uthors using low 0.25%). qulity forges (Angeles et l., 1995). In some Sheep were fed d liitum during the dpttion experiments ddition of yest ulture did not ffet period (10 dys) nd then restrited t 90% of intke ruminl ph (Newold et l., 1995; Plt et l., during the olletion period (5 dys). Feed ws 1994). In this experiment, ruminl ph ws higher offered in two mels (8:00 nd 16:00). (P, 0.01) with Levuell thn with Ye-S, pro- Ruminl fluid smples were olleted t 0, 4, 8 ly due to n effet of yest strin, s hs een lso nd 12 h on dys 1 nd 2. Ruminl fluid ph ws noted y Newold et l. (1995). Angeles et l. mesured immeditely fter smpling nd then 50 ml (1995) did not report differenes ompring the of ruminl fluid were idified with 1 ml 6 M HCl, sme diret-fed miroil ultures. nd stored in freezer (2208C) for further nlysis. Ruminl mmoni onentrtion ws higher (P, Voltile ftty ids (VFA) were determined y gs 0.02) with Ye-S thn Levuell (Tle 1) s hromtogrphy in smples prepred with metphos- oserved y Angeles et l. (1995). In most of the

3 J.L. Aros-Grı et l. / Livestok Prodution Siene 63 (2000) Tle 1 Effet of two yest ultures (Shromyes erevise) on vriles relted to rumen fermenttion in sheep fed sugr ne tops Item Tretments S.E.M. Contrst CG YS LC I II Ruminl ph NH3-N (mg/ dl) Totl VFA (mm) Molr proportion (%) Aette Propionte Butyrte Aette:propionte Protozo orgnisms ( 3 10 /ml) Entodinide Holotrihide Totl Proility of Type I error. Men omprisons: I ontrol group (CG) vs. yest ultures men [(YS 1 LC)/2]; II Ye-S Levuell (YS vs. LC). Stndrd error of men. vs. reviewed studies, miroil ultures sed on S- qulity diets, protozo ounts were elevted with hromyes erevise hd no effet on ruminl Shromyes erevise (Plt et l., 1994), ut not mmoni nitrogen (Plt et l., 1994; Newold et l., in others (Mirnd et l., 1996). 1995), lthough in some others inreses were Although intke ws restrited, it tended (P, reported (Mrtin nd Niset, 1992) nd in others 0.10) to e higher in sheep fed yest ultures (Tle redutions were found (Newold et l., 1995). Even 2). Totl trt digestiility of DM, OM, NDF nd when Ye-S presented greter mmoni-n, ADF were not ffeted y Shromyes erevise whih should inrese onentrtion grdient nd (Tle 2). Improvement in NDF digestiility using more sorption, the lower ph in ruminl fluid, nd yest ultures in low qulity forges hs een the pk my result in similr sorption through the reported previously (Plt et l., 1994). In ontrst, ruminl wll. Differenes oserved in mmoni other studies show no effet (Sommrt et l., 1993). nitrogen ould e ssoited with stimultion of In situ dispperne of DM nd NDF t 12 nd proteolyti teri. More informtion is needed on 24 h were not hnged y ddition of yest ulture or this sujet euse most of the studies involve y type of ulture (Tle 2). In situ DM dispperhnges on ellulolyti teri popultion (Newold ne t 48 h ws higher (P, 0.01) in yest ultures et l., 1995) nd protozo (Plt et l., 1994; thn in CG nd ws higher for LC thn for YS. In Mirnd et l., 1996). situ NDF dispperne ws higher (P, 0.002) for Totl VFA onentrtion ws inresed (P, 0.02) YS thn LC t 48 h. This effets dispperne t 72 with yest ultures, nd ws more elevted (P, h. Similr results were oserved y others uthors 0.05) with Levuell thn with Ye-S (Tle 1). ompring the sme ommeril yest ultures The molr proportion of ette, propionte nd (Mendoz et l., 1995; Angeles et l., 1995). utyrte ws similr (P. 0.05). Differenes etween Inonsisteny in results with yest ultures ould ommeril yests hve not een deteted with low e ssoited to forge differenes. Results from Ro qulity forges (Angeles et l., 1995; Plt et l., et l. (1997) showed tht forge qulity my ffet 1994). As oserved y Angeles et l. (1995), rumi- the response to yest ulture in NDF digestion, nd nl protozo popultion tended (P ) to e tht more enefits n e otined with good qulity redued with yest ultures, prtiulrly the en- roughges. todiniomorphids (Tle 1). In some studies with low In onlusion, yest ultures with Shromyes

4 156 J.L. Aros-Grı et l. / Livestok Prodution Siene 63 (2000) Tle 2 Effet of two yest ultures (Shromyes erevise) on intke nd totl trt digestiility of nutrients in sheep fed sugr ne tops Item Tretments S.E.M. Contrst CG YS LC I II DMI (g/ dy) Digestiility (%) DM OM NDF ADF In situ DM dispperne (%) In situ NDF dispperne (%) Proility of Type I error. Men omprisons: I ontrol group (CG) vs. yest ultures men [(YS 1 LC)/2]; II Ye-S Levuell (YS vs. LC). Stndrd error of men. Hours of inution. DMI 5 Dry mtter intke. OM 5 Orgni mtter. NDF 5 Neutrl detergent fier. ADF 5 Aid detergent fier. vs. erevise, Ye-S nd Levuell, did not im- Anglo-Corp, Mexio, who provided one yest ulture prove digestiility or fermenttion in diets sed on for this study. sugr ne tops. Aknowledgements Referenes Angeles, C.S., Coron, G.L., Cstrejon, P.F., Mendoz, M.G., This study ws finned y PAPIIT (Progrm de ycoos, P.M., Cmios en l polion de protozorios Apoyo Proyetos de Investigion e Innovion en el metolismo ruminl utilizndo dos ultivos de levdur. Tenologi) projet IN from DGAPA- Vet. Mex. 26 (Suppl. 2), 275. UNAM, with tehnil support from the Animl AOAC, Offiil Methods of Anlysis, 13th edition, Assoition of Offiil Anlytil Chemists, Wshington, DC. Nutrition Deprtment of the Veterinry Fulty nd Chiquette, J., Shromyes erevisie nd Aspergillus Biotehnology Deprtment of the Biomedil Re- oryze used lone or in omintion, s feed supplement for serh Institute of the Ntionl University of Mex- eef nd diry ttle. Cn. J. Anim. Si. 75, io. The help of Jose Luis Cordero with surgeries is Colemn, G.S., Rumen entodiniomorph protozo. In: reognized. The tehnil ssistne of M. An- Tylor, A.E.R., Bker, J.R. (Eds.), Methods of Cultivting Prsites in Vitro, Ademi Press, London, p. 39. toniet Aguirre, Mgd Crosy, Antonio Ynez nd Cruiskshnk, R., Duguid, J.P., Mrmion, B.P., Swin, R.H.A., Andres Toledo is gretly ppreited. Thnks re Centrifuges, olorimeters nd teril ounts. In: 12th lso extended to Edsel Bixtler, Generl Mnger of ed., Medil Miroiology. The Prtie of Medil Miro-

5 J.L. Aros-Grı et l. / Livestok Prodution Siene 63 (2000) iology, Vol. 2, DeChurhill Livingstone, Edinurgh, London, Plt, P.F., Mendoz, M.G.D., Bren-Gm, J.R., Gonzlez, nd New York, pp M.S., Effet of yest ulture (Shromyes ere- Erwin, E.S., Mro, G.J., Emery, E., Voltile ftty id vise) on neutrl detergent fier digestion in steers fed ot nlysis of lood nd rumen fluid y gs hromtogrphy. J. strw sed diets. Anim. Feed. Si. Tehnol. 49, Diry Si. 44, Ro, M.L., Bren-Gm, J.R., Gonzlez, M.S., Mendoz, Goering, H.K., Vn Soest, P.J., Forge fire nlysis M.G.D., Orteg, C.M.E., Grı, B.C., Effet of fier (pprtus, regents, proedures nd some pplitions). In: soure nd yest ulture (Shromyes erevise )on Agriulturl Hndook No. 379, Agriulture Reserh Servie, digestion nd the environment in the rumen of ttle. Anim. USDA, Wshington, DC. Feed Si. Tehnol. 64, Mrtin, S.A., Niset, D.J., Effet of diret fed miroils on Sttistil nlysis system. In: SAS User s Guide: Sttistis rumen miroil fermenttion. J. Diry Si. 75, Version, 5th ed., SAS Institute, Cry, NC. MCullough, H., The determintion of mmoni in whole Sommrt, K., Wnpt, M., Wongsrikeo, W., Ngrmsk, S., lood y diret olorimetri method. Clin. Chem. At 17, Effets of yest ulture nd protein levels on ruminl fermen ttion, intke, digestiility nd performne in ruminnts fed Mendoz, M.G.D., Rilde, V.R., Esprz, B.H., Velzquez, T.L., strw sed diets. J. Anim. Si. 71 (Suppl. 1), Tehnil note: Effet of two yest ulture with S- Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., Priniples nd Proedures of hromyes erevisie on ruminl neutrl detergent fier Sttistis: A Biometril Approh, 2nd ed, MGrw-Hill, New degrdility. Invest. Agr. Prod. Snid. Anim. 10, York. Mirnd, R.L.A., Mendoz, M.G.D., Bren-Gm, J.R., Gon- Stok, R.A., Brink, D.R., Britton, R.A., Goedeken, F.K., Sindt, zlez, M.S.S., Ferrr, C.R., Orteg, C.M.E., Coos, P.M.A., M.H., Kreikemeier, K.K., Buer, M.L., Smith, K.K., Effet of Shromyes erevisie or Aspergillus Feeding omintions of high moisture orn nd dry-rolled oryze ultures nd NDF level on prmeters of ruminl grin sorghum to finishing steers. J. Anim. Si. 65, fermenttion. Anim. Feed Si. Tehnol. 63, Wlle, R.J., Ruminl miroiology, iotehnology nd Newold, C.J., Wlle, R.J., MIntosh, F.M., The stimul- ruminnt nutrition: progress nd prolems. J. Anim. Si. 72, tion of rumen teri y Shromyes erevise is depen dent on the respirtory tivity of the yest. J. Anim. Si. 71 Willims, C.H., Dvid, D.J., Iism, O., The determintion (Suppl. 1), 280. of hromi oxide in fees smples y tomi spetrophotom- Newold, C.J., Wlle, R.J., Chen, X.B., MIntosh, F.M., etry. J. Agri. Si. 59, Different strins of Shromyes erevise differ in their effets on ruminl teril numers in vitro nd in sheep. J. Anim. Si. 73,