Influence of 2-hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)butanoic Acid on Early Egg and Chick Weights of Broiler Breeders

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Influence of 2-hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)butanoic Acid on Early Egg and Chick Weights of Broiler Breeders"

Transcription

1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 2 (6): , 2003 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion 2003 Influence of 2-hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)utnoic Acid on Erly Egg nd Chick Weights of Broiler Breeders R.J. Lien, J.B. Hess, A.F. Giesen nd A.G. Yersin 1 Poultry Science Deprtment nd Alm Agriculturl Experiment Sttion, Auurn University, AL, USA Novus Interntionl, 530 Mryville Centre Drive, St. Louis, MO, USA Respirtory Disese of Livestock Reserch Unit, USDA, Agriculturl Reserch Service, Ntionl Animl Disese Center, Ames, Iow 50010, USA 3 Astrct: This tril ws conducted to determine if erly egg nd chick weights of roiler reeders re incresed y dietry 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)utnoic cid (HMB) supplementtion. Hens of two strins were provided feed with HMB levels equivlent to 0, 0.5, 1 nd 1.5 kg methionine/tonne from 21 to 35 wk. Chick yield (chick weight/egg weight) incresed significntly s dietry HMB level ws incresed from 0 to 1 kg/tonne; however, egg nd chick weights were not individully ffected y incresing HMB level. Egg production ws incresed from 29 to 35 wk y the 0.5 kg/tonne tretment; however, there ws neither improvement prior to this period nor further increses due to greter HMB levels. Mortlity, primrily due to ftty-liver hemorrhgic syndrome, ws mrkedly elevted t low HMB levels in one strin. Although incresing HMB levels hd some ffect on chick yield, results were not s evident s wht hs een mesured in commercil lyers. Key words: Erly egg weight, diet, chick weight, 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)utnoic cid Introduction Broiler growth rte (McNughton et l., 1978; Wilson 1991) nd livility (Wytt et l., 1985) re ffected y chick weight t htch, which is principlly dependent on egg weight (McNughton et l., 1978; Wilson, 1991). Bsed on previous reports, 1 g increse in roiler chick weight results in 10 to 23 grm increse in live weight nd 0.2 to 0.6% improvement in livility t 6 to increse the percentge of settle eggs produced nd improve the performnce of roilers produced y young reeders. This tril ws conducted to determine if dietry HMB supplementtion will increse erly egg nd chick weights of reeders. Mterils nd Methods A totl of 480 Aror Acres (Strin A) nd 480 Co (Strin 8 wk of ge (Wytt et l., 1985). Egg weights of roiler C) roiler reeder pullets were rndomly plced y reeders re low erly in the production cycle (Yun et 2 strin in 12 rooms (11.2 m, 80 irds/room) of n l., 1994; Lien nd Yun, 1994). Although the onset of ly insulted uilding t 1 dy of ge. The rooms were usully occurs t 23 to 24 wk, eggs re generlly not heted nd ventilted ccording to stndrd industry sved until 25 to 26 wk since few eggs produced efore prctices. Incndescent lights provided n 8h L:16h D this ge re settle (egg weight > 50 g). Egg weights cycle nd intensity of 2 foot cndles from 1 dy to 20 wk. remin low up to 30 wk nd sizle percentge of Common controlled feeding progrms provided totl eggs produced during this period re undesirly smll of 7.85 kg of feed per pullet (1200 g CP, 22,600 kcl ME (Lien nd Yun, 1994). nd 28 g methionine) through 20 wk. Dietry supplementtion with either DL-methionine or At 20 wk, 240 pullets from ech strin were rndomly HMB (Reid et l., 1982; Vn Weerden nd Schutte, 1984; selected nd distriuted y strin mong 32 floor pens Hrms nd Russell, 1994; Mnning nd McGinnis, 2 (4.1 m, 15 irds/pen). Four pens per strin were 1986) increses egg weight in commercil lyers. Only rndomly ssigned to ech of 4 HMB tretments. Strins single report hs documented the influence of either nd tretments mde up 2 y 4 fctoril rrngement. methionine or HMB supplementtion on egg weights of Incndescent lights provided 15h L:9h D cycle nd reeders (Sutton nd McDniel, 1985). In tht study, intensity of 4 foot cndles from 20 to 35 wk. Ventiltion dietry supplementtion with either methionine or HMB nd evportive cooling were provided ccording to incresed egg weights of reeders provided sorghum stndrd industry prctices. High nd low tempertures ut not corn-sed rtions; however, specific effects on in ech room were recorded dily (Tle 1). erly egg or chick weights were not reported. Breeder feeds (Tle 2) were supplemented with HMB Bsed on the ove oservtions, dietry HMB or levels equivlent to dded methionine levels of 0, 0.5, 1 methionine supplementtion my increse erly egg nd 1.5 kg per tonne of feed (0, 0.057, or 0.172% nd chick weights of roiler reeders. This effect could HMB; tretments 0, 0.5, 1 nd 1.5, respectively). 430

2 Lien et l.: Diet nd Erly Egg Weight Smples of the sl feed (tretment 0) were sujected Generl Liner Models procedure of SAS ccording to to proximte nd mino cid nlyses nd HMB the following sttisticl model; Y ijk = u + H i + S j + (HS) ij + inclusion (Tle 2). e ijk, where Y ijk = oserved dependent vriles, u = men th Equl dily llotments (Tle 1) of single prereeder of popultion, H i = effect of i HMB tretment, S j = effect th feed (15.5% CP, 1325 kcl ME/l or 2915 kcl ME/kg, of j strin, (HS) ij = HMB tretment y strin interction, 1.3% C) were provided to ll irds during wk 21. Equl nd e ijk = experimentl error. Since pens were dily llotments (Tle 1) of the 4 tretment feeds were experimentl units, n = 8 for ech HMB tretment, n = 16 provided from 21 to 35 wk. The totl ody weight of ech for ech strin, nd n = 4 for ech HMB tretment nd pen ws determined weekly. Men ody weights nd strin. Duncn's multiple rnge test ws used to egg production levels were determined weekly to djust seprte differences etween mens. Sttisticl feed llotments for the following week. significnce ws set t P < Hens were rtificilly inseminted t 23, 24, 26 nd 28 wk with 50 ul liquots of pooled undiluted semen collected from Ross strin reeder mles. Eggs lid etween 24 nd 30 wk were collected 3 times dily, stored in n egg cooler nd set in n incutor weekly eginning t 26 wk. Eggs were incuted under stndrd conditions in single incutor for 18 dys, then segregted y pen in htching skets nd trnsferred to single htcher for 3 dys nd 6 hours. Individul egg weights were determined for ll eggs lid etween 24 nd 28 wk nd eggs lid on 2 dys per wk etween 28 nd 35 wk. Men egg weights were clculted y pen weekly nd on production-weighted sis for the durtion of the tril. Doule yolked, soft shelled, roken, misshpen nd very smll eggs (egg weight < 35 g) were not incuted or included in Results nd Discussion Men egg weights for the entire tril were gretest in HMB tretments 0.5 nd 1.5, lowest in tretment 1, nd intermedite in tretment 0 (Tle 3). Egg weights incresed with dm ge; however, there were no interctions etween dm ge nd HMB tretment or strin (Fig. 1). Therefore, there ws not consistent positive effect of incresing dietry HMB on erly egg weights of either strin. When sl rtions contining from to 0.24% methionine were supplemented with from to 0.20% methionine, egg weights of lying hens were incresed (Hrms nd Russell, 1994; Mnning nd McGinnis, 1986). Erly egg weights were incresed in methionine-supplemented lyers from 33 to 39 (Hrms determintions of egg weight, composition or nd Russell, 1994), nd 24 to 40 wk of ge (Mnning production. There were no differences in the numers of these defective eggs produced etween tretments or strins. Individul chick weights were determined fter 21 dys nd 6 hours of incution. Men chick weights nd yields (chick wt/egg wt) were clculted y pen for the period from 24 to 30 wk. Yolk nd lumen percentges of eggs nd dry mtter percentges of yolk nd lumen were determined for eggs lid on 2 dys per wk during wk 31, 33 nd 35. Egg yolk nd lumen nd McGinnis, 1986). Jckson et l. (1987) oserved greter responsiveness of young lyers to methionine nd concluded tht this effect "my e due to the fct tht younger irds hve greter physiologicl potentil to chieve higher egg sizes through dietry mens due to the smller eggs produced". Similrly, supplementtion with from to 0.20% HMB from 25 to 37 wk (Vn Weerden nd Schutte, 1984), nd 24 to 40 wk of ge (Mnning nd McGinnis, 1986) incresed erly egg percentges nd dry mtter percentges were weights in lyers. clculted y pen for the period from 31 to 35 wk. Egg production y ech pen ws recorded dily. Ages t 20 nd 50% hen-dy production (HDP), nd totl nd settle (egg weight > 50 g ) egg production per hen to 35 wk were determined for ech pen. Mortlities were recorded dily. Weekly nd cumultive percent mortlity ws clculted y pen. Mortlity in 7 of 11 cses dignosed y the Alm Stte Veterinry Dignostic Lortory etween 30 nd 34 wk ws Differences in, nd solute levels of, methionine nd HMB reported to increse egg weights of lyers re in the sme rnge s HMB levels tht hd no ffect on reeder egg weights in the present study. In previous report, oth HMB nd methionine supplementtion incresed men egg weights of reeders provided sorghum ut not corn-sed rtions from 22 to 52 wk (Sutton nd McDniel, 1985). Oservtions tht HMB nd methionine supplementtion of corn-sed rtions ttriuted to ftty liver hemorrhgic syndrome. did not increse egg weights imply tht methionine Susequently, 2 irds were rndomly selected from ech pen nd killed t 35 wk to otin liver smples. Livers were weighed nd scored sed on color nd 3 mcroscopic condition. A smple (1.5 cm ) ws tken intke my not limit erly egg weights in reeders provided typicl corn-sed rtions. However, since sorghum is lower in ville methionine thn corn, methionine levels in sorghum-sed rtions cn from ech liver, fixed in formlin, nd lter pprently limit egg weights in reeders. The microscopiclly exmined for histologicl lesions. All dt were sujected to sttisticl nlysis. Dt were nlyzed s completely rndomized design using the sustntil increse in ody weight tht reeders must ttin during the onset of production (Tle 1) (Lilurn nd Myers-Miller, 1990) my result in the diversion of 431

3 Lien et l.: Diet nd Erly Egg Weight Tle 1: Body weights, dily feed llotments nd environmentl tempertures to which roiler reeder hens were exposed Age Body weight (kg) Feed provided Men tempertures (F) (Week) Strin A Strin C (g hen/dy) High Low , Body weight mens within rows with different superscripts re significntly different (P<0.05). supplementl dietry methionine from egg formtion to muscle growth. Wheres in lying hens, which experience reltively slight increses in ody weight during the onset of production (Rolnd, 1980), supplementl methionine remins ville for egg formtion nd results in incresed egg weight. Few studies hve directly ddressed dietry methods for incresing erly egg weights in reeders. Men reeder egg weights for entire production cycles were incresed y incresing dietry protein (Roey et l., 1988), ft (Brke et l., 1989), nd protein or energy (Person nd Herron, 1981). Incresing dietry protein nd lysine during the period from 40 to 48 wk lso incresed egg weights (Hrms nd Ivey, 1992). In ddition, reeder egg weights were incresed y incresing dietry protein level from 12.7 to 16.7% or energy level from 2165 to 2996 kcl ME/kg during the period from 19 to 41 wk (Sprtt nd Leeson, 1987). However, reeder egg weights were not ffected y incresing dietry protein level from 14 to 18% during the period from 18 to 24 wk (Lilurn nd Myers-Miller, 1990) or incresing dily protein intke from 18.6 to 23.0 g/hen nd the dily sulfur mino cid intke from 682 to 850 mg/hen throughout n entire production cycle (Wilson nd Hrms, 1984). Additionlly, egg weights were numericlly decresed (P<0.067) from 28 to 32 wk y providing reeders diet high in energy nd protein from 18 to 25 wk (Lilurn nd Myers-Miller, 1990). Cre must e tken to ensure tht supplementtion of reeder diets does not result in excessive ody weights nd/or ft levels which result in declines in production (Yun et l., 1994), fertility nd htchility (Person nd Herron, 1981; Brke et l., 1989) lter in the lying cycle. There is potentil for use of protein nd/or mino cid supplementtion to increse erly egg weights of reeders since these nutrients would not e expected to result in lter declines in performnce ssocited with incresed ft deposition. Although common controlled-feed-llotment progrms provided equl mounts of feed nd nutrients during rering nd lying, strin C ws hevier thn strin A throughout the tril (Tle 1). However, egg weights did not differ etween strins (Tle 3 nd Fig. 1). This ws proly due to the equl feed llotments provided during ly nd the fct tht the two strins initited ly t similr ges (Tle 3). Although incresed egg weights hve een ssocited with incresed ody weights (Lilurn nd Myers-Miller, 1990), they often do not differ in reeder hens of the sme ge tht hve widely different ody weights, if they re provided similr feed llotments during ly (Lien nd Yun, 1994). Body weights of the different HMB tretments did not differ t ny time during the tril (dt not shown). Men chick weight for the period from 24 to 30 wk ws gretest in tretment 0.5, lest in tretment 1, nd intermedite in tretments 0 nd 1.5 (Tle 3). Chick weight incresed with dm ge ut ws not influenced y strin. There were no interctions etween dm ge nd HMB tretment or strin (Fig. 2). However, chick yields incresed s dietry HMB supplementtion ws incresed from 0 to 1 kg/tonne (Tle 3). No dditionl increse in chick weight occurred when HMB level ws incresed to 1.5 kg/tonne. These dt indicte tht chick yields my increse in response to HMB supplementtion; however, due to inconsistent effects on egg weights, chick weights my not show similr response. 432

4 Lien et l.: Diet nd Erly Egg Weight Tle 2: Composition nd nlysis of feeds provided to roiler reeder hens Ingredients (%) Dietry tretment Corn Soyen mel (48% CP) Limestone Diclcium phosphte Slt Poultry Oil Vitmin-minerl premix hydroxy-4-(methylthio)utnoic cid Clculted nlysis Crude protein (%) ME (kcl/l) Methionine (%) TSAA (%) Lysine (%) Clcium (%) Chemicl nlysis A Crude protein (%) Methionine (%) TSAA (%) hydroxy-4-(methylthio)utnoic cid ND Lysine (%) A The sl diet (Tretment 0) ws sujected to mino cid nlysis. All diets were sujected to protein nd 2-hydroxy- 4-(methylthio)utnoic cid nlyses. Tle 3: Influence of dietry 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)utnoic cid (HMB) nd strin on egg production y roilers reeders A Dietry tretment Strin VARIABLE 0 HMB 0.5 HMB 1 HMB 1.5 HMB A C B Egg weight (g) 54.5± ± ± ± ± ±0.6 C Chick weight (g) 36.7± ± ± ± ± ±0.2 CD Chick yield (%) 69.6± ± ± ± ± ±0.4 Totl production (eggs/hen) 31.0± ± ± ± ± ±2.6 E Settle production (eggs/hen) 25.2± ± ± ± ± ±2.8 F Age t 20% HDP (dy) 173.1± ± ± ± ± ±0.6 F Age t 50% HDP (dy) 185.9± ± ± ± ± ±0.8 G H Alumen (% of EW ) 59.2± ± ± ± ± ±0.1 G H Yolk (% of EW ) 28.7± ± ± ± ± ±0.1 G Dry lumen (% wet weight) 13.3± ± ± ± ± ±0.2 G Dry yolk (% wet weight) 48.8± ± ± ± ± ±0.3, Mens±EM within rows, dietry tretments, nd strins with different superscripts re significntly different (P<0.05). A Tretments 0, 0.5, 1 nd 1.5 provided HMB levels equivlent to dded methionine levels of 0, 0.5, 1 nd 1.5 kg/tonne, B C D E respectively. From 24 to 35 wk of ge. From 24 to 30 wk of ge. Chick yield = chick weight/egg weight. Egg weight F G H >50 g or 21.1 oz/dozen. Percent hen-dy egg production. From 31 to 35 wk of ge. Egg weight. Breeder egg weight is the primry fctor influencing weight independent of egg weight, y incresing the roiler chick weight which typiclly verges out 62 to concentrtion of the egg contents. Clcultions of chick 74% of egg weight (Wilson, 1991; Wytt et l., yield mde in this study support this hypothesis (Tle 1985). However, reports tht methionine 3). In ddition, chicks htching from eggs lid y hens supplementtion of lyer diets incresed dry mtter provided dietry HMB supplementtion my hve greter percentges of oth yolk nd lumen (Crey, 1990; protein nd/or methionine stores which my result in Crey et l., 1991) imply tht it my e possile to improved erly livility nd/or growth rtes. This increse chick yield (chick wt/egg wt), nd hence chick hypothesis ws not tested in this study. 433

5 Lien et l.: Diet nd Erly Egg Weight Fig. 1: Effects of dietry 2-hydroxy-4- Fig. 2: Effects of dietry 2-hydroxy-4- (methylthio)utnoic cid (HMB) nd strin on (methylthio)utnoic cid (HMB) nd strin on egg weights of roiler reeder pullets. chick weights of roiler reeder pullets. Tretments provided HMB levels equivlent to 0, Tretments provided HMB levels equivlent to 0, 0.5, 1 nd 1.5 kg of dded methionine per tonne 0.5, 1 nd 1.5 l of dded methionine per ton of of feed (HMB Trt 0, 0.5, 1 nd 1.5, respectively). feed (HMB Trt 0, 0.5, 1 nd 0.5, respectively). Pullet strins were Aror Acres (A) nd Co (C) Pullet strins were Aror Acres (A) nd Co (C) Although egg yolk nd lumen percentges were not supplementtion incresed dry mtter percentges of significntly ffected y HMB tretments, when oth lumen nd yolk to similr extent. However, considered together, it ppers tht dietry HMB differences were not sttisticlly significnt, lthough supplementtion ove 1 kg/tonne hd positive effect they my hve contriuted to differences in chick yield on yolk percentge t the expense of lumen (Tle 3). percentge. Reports on lyers (Crey, 1990; Crey et l., Strin A hd greter yolk nd lesser lumen 1991) indicted tht methionine supplementtion which percentges thn strin C (Tle 3); however, dry mtter incresed dietry methionine from 0.28 to 0.43% percentges of lumen nd yolk did not differ etween incresed egg weights s well s solute lumen strins. Differences in the composition of eggs from nd yolk weights. However, neither yolk nor lumen different turkey strins were hypothesized to e relted percentges were ffected. In ddition, lumen nd to differences in poult livility (Reidy et l., 1994). yolk dry mtter percentges were incresed y 0.3 nd Totl nd totl settle egg production were gretest in 0.5%. In the present study, n equivlent degree of HMB HMB tretment 0.5, intermedite in tretments 1 nd 1.5, 434

6 Lien et l.: Diet nd Erly Egg Weight further increses in HMB supplementtion levels. Bsed on previous reports, egg production y reeders ws incresed when; dietry protein intke ws incresed during the prely period (Lilurn nd Myers- Miller, 1990; Lilurn nd Myers-Miller, 1990) nd, dily dietry protein nd lysine intkes per hen were incresed up to g nd 824 mg, respectively, during the period from 40 to 48 wk (Hrms nd Ivey, 1992). However, reeder egg production throughout entire production cycles ws not incresed y incresing dily dietry protein nd sulfur mino cid intkes per hen from 18.6 to 23.0 g nd from 682 to 850 mg, respectively, (Wilson nd Hrms, 1984) or incresing dietry protein from 12 to 18% (Roey et l., 1988). Bsed on these results nd those of this study, it ppers tht reeders cn ttin high egg production levels when provided rtions with reltively rod rnge of methionine levels. Although, dequte protein nd mino cid intkes must Fig. 3: Effects of dietry 2-hydroxy-4- e provided to support mximl production levels, (methylthio)utnoic cid (HMB) nd strin on greter levels of these nutrients do not pper to cumultive mortlity of roiler reeder pullets consistently result in incresed production. from 21 to 35 wk of ge. Tretments provided There ws n interction etween HMB tretment nd HMB levels equivlent to 0, 0.5, 1 nd 1.5 kg of dded methionine per tonne of feed (HMB Trt 0, 0.5, 1 nd 1.5, respectively). Pullet strins were Aror Acres (A) nd Co (C) Fig. 4: Effect of strin on weekly mortlity of roiler reeder pullets from 21 to 35 wk of ge. Pullet strins were Aror Acres (A) nd Co (C) nd lest in tretment 0 (Tle 3). Ages t 20 nd 50% HDP were not influenced y HMB tretment (Tle 3). Weekly egg production levels of the 4 HMB tretments were similr through ner-pek production (28 wk, dt not shown); however, weekly production levels differed in mnner similr to totl production from 29 to 35 wk. Therefore, lthough dietry HMB supplementtion equivlent to 0.5 kg of methionine per tonne of feed incresed egg production fter ner-pek production levels were ttined, production ws not incresed y strin on mortlity (Fig. 3). Mortlity ws miniml nd unffected y HMB tretment in strin A. A similr mortlity level occurred in strin C t the highest level of HMB supplementtion; however, mortlity incresed mrkedly s dietry HMB level ws decresed in this strin nd ws most severe t the 0 kg/tonne level. Between 30 nd 35 wk, the cuse of deth ws dignosed s ftty-liver hemorrhgic syndrome (FLHS) in 6 of 9 mortlities from strin C nd 1 of 2 from strin A. The occurrence nd etiology of FLHS in lying chickens hs een reviewed y severl uthors (Meijering, 1979; Squires nd Leeson, 1988; Hnsen nd Wlzem, 1993). Severl fctors previously ssocited with the development of FLHS were proly involved in its occurrence in the present study. Hens in this study were likely in positive energy lnce since environmentl tempertures were quite high (Tle 2), nd stndrd feed (nd hence, energy) llotment increses were mde during the onset of ly (Tle 2). Fctors such s irds eing in positive energy lnce (Polin nd Wolford, 1976; Polin nd Wolford, 1977) exposure to high tempertures or other stressors (Meijering, 1979) nd elevted plsm estrogen levels ssocited with egg production (Polin nd Wolford, 1977) hve een implicted in the development of FLHS. The use of cornsoy diets without dded ft, s were used in the present study, hs lso een indicted s custive fctor for FLHS since they pprently encourge excessive heptic lipogenesis (Squires nd Leeson, 1988). In ddition, supplementry methionine ws hypothesized to decrese the incidence of FLHS due lipotropic ffect on ft trnsport from liver cells (Meiring, 1979). Although ll of these fctors my hve contriuted to the 435

7 Lien et l.: Diet nd Erly Egg Weight occurrence of FLHS in this study, the interction etween Lien, R.J. nd T. Yun, Effect of delyed light strin nd tretment on the incidence of mortlity, which stimultion on egg production y roiler reeder ws pprently due primrily to this ilment, indictes pullets of low ody weight. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 3: tht strin C ws prticulrly sensitive to decresed dietry methionine levels. Apprently, this strin hs Lilurn, M.S. nd D.J. Myers-Miller, Effect of ody greter tendency to ccumulte lipid in the liver weight, feed llownce, nd dietry protein intke when provided lower dietry methionine (HMB) levels. during the prereeder period on erly reproductive Different strins of chickens hve een oserved to hve performnce of roiler reeder hens. Poult. Sci., 69: different propensities for developing FLHS (Couch, ), nd these differences hve een loosely Lilurn, M.S. nd D.J. Myers-Miller, Dietry effects ttriuted to selection for incresed egg production on ody composition nd susequent production (Couch, 1956) nd ody weight (Squires nd Leeson, chrcteristics in roiler reeder hens. Poult. Sci., 1988). The most ovious differences etween the two 69: strins tested in the present study, sed on informtion Mnning, B. nd J. McGinnis, The effect of provided y primry reeders nd producers, re tht methionine hydroxy nlog nd DL-methionine strin C hd een selected for high rest met yield supplementtion on lying hen performnce. Poult. nd is hevier type ird thn strin A. Sci., 65: (Suppl. 1) 88. When livers were exmined t 35 wk, there were no McNughton, J.L., J.W. Deton, F.N. Reece nd R.L. differences etween strins or tretments for liver Hynes, Effect of ge of prents nd htching weight, color, mcroscopic condition or microscopic egg weight on roiler chick mortlity. Poult. Sci., 57: lesions (dt not shown). This my hve een ecuse those irds tht experienced FLHS hd lredy died nd Meijering, A., Ftty liver syndrome in lying hens - een removed from the popultion nd/or tht the n ttempt to review. World's Poult. Sci. J., 35: 79- disese hd run its course nd irds in which it ws not 94. ftl hd recovered. These possiilities re supported Person, R. A. nd K.M. Herron, Effects of energy y the decresing trend in mortlity from 26 to 35 wk nd protein llownces during ly on the (Fig. 4). reproductive performnce of roiler reeder hens. Br. Poult. Sci., 22: References Brke, J., J.D. Grlich nd G.R. Bughmn, Effects of lighting progrm during the growing period nd dietry ft during the lying period on roiler reeder performnce. Poult. Sci., 68: Crey, J.B., Effects of dietry methionine on liquid egg. Egg Industry (Novemer/Decemer 1990): 28- Polin, D. nd J.H. Wolford, Vrious types of diets, sources of energy, nd positive energy lnce in the induction of ftty liver hemorrhgic syndrome. Poult. Sci., 55: Polin, D. nd J.H. Wolford, Role of estrogen s cuse of ftty liver hemorrhgic syndrome. J. Nutr., 107: Reidy, T.R., J.L. Atkinson nd S. Leeson, Strin Crey, J.B., R.K. Asher, J.F. Angel nd L.S. Lowder, comprison of turkey egg components. Poult. Sci., The influence of methionine intke on egg 73: composition. Poult. Sci., 70: (Suppl. 1)151. Reid, B.L., A. Mdrid nd P.A. Miorino, Reltive Couch, J.R., Ftty livers in lying hens - iopotency of three methionine sources for lying condition which my occur s result of incresed hens. Poult. Sci., 61: strin. Feedstuffs, 28: Roey, W.W., G.R. McDniel, C.D. Sutton, J.A. Renden Hnsen, R.J. nd R.L. Wlzem, Avin ftty liver nd J. McGuire, Fctors ffecting roiler hemorrhgic syndrome: A comprtive review. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med., 37: reeder performnce. 7. Effect of vrying levels of Hrms, R.H. nd F.J. Ivey, An evlution of the dietry protein on the development nd reproductive protein nd lysine requirements for roiler reeder performnce of the dwrf roiler reeder. Poult. Sci., hens. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 1: Hrms, R.H. nd G.B. Russell, A comprison of the iovilility of DL-methionine nd methionine hydroxy nlogue cid for the commercil lying hen. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 3: 1-6. Jckson, M.E., H.M. Hellwig nd P.W. Wldroup, Shell qulity: Potentil for improvements y dietry mens nd reltionship with egg size. Poult. Sci., 66: : Rolnd, D.A., Sr., Egg shell qulity. II. Effects of dietry mnipultions of protein, mino cids, energy, nd clcium in young hens on egg weight, shell weight, shell qulity, nd egg production. Poult. Sci., 59: Sprtt, R.S. nd S. Leeson, Broiler reeder performnce in response to diet protein nd energy. Poult. Sci., 66:

8 Lien et l.: Diet nd Erly Egg Weight Squires, E.J. nd S. Leeson, Aetiology of ftty liver Wilson, H.R. nd R.H. Hrms, Evlution of syndrome in lying hens. Br. Vet. J., 144: nutrient specifictions for roiler reeders. Poult. Sutton, C.D. nd G.R. McDniel, The effects of Sci., 63: different grin sources, with nd without Wytt, C.L., W.D. Wever, Jr. nd W.L. Bene, supplementl methionine, on reproductive Influence of egg size, eggshell qulity, nd performnce of roiler reeder femles. Poult. Sci., posthtch holding time on roiler performnce. 64: (Suppl. 1) Poult. Sci., 64: Vn Weerden, E.J. nd J.B. Schutte, Comprison Yun, T., R.J. Lien nd G.R. McDniel, Effects of of DL-methionine, DL-methionine-N, DL- incresed rering period ody weights nd erly methionine hydroxy nlogue-c, nd DL- photo stimultion on roiler reeder egg production. methionine hydroxy nlogue-free cid with lyers. Poult. Sci., 73: Poult. Sci., 63: Wilson, H.R., Interreltionships of egg size, chick size, posthtching growth nd htchility. World's Poult. Sci. J., 47:

Effect of Rearing Program, Body Conformation and Protein Level of Breeder Feed on Broiler Breeder Hen Reproductive Performance

Effect of Rearing Program, Body Conformation and Protein Level of Breeder Feed on Broiler Breeder Hen Reproductive Performance Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science (): 670-679, 0 ISSN 68-856 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 0 Effect of Rering Progrm, Body Conformtion nd Protein Level of Breeder Feed on Broiler Breeder

More information

Shell Thickness of Turkey Eggs Affects Cardiac Physiology and Embryo Survival 1

Shell Thickness of Turkey Eggs Affects Cardiac Physiology and Embryo Survival 1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 5 (8): 796-80, 2006 ISSN 682-856 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2006 Shell Thickness of Turkey Eggs Affects Crdic Physiology nd Emryo Survivl 2 2 4 2 V.L.

More information

Comparative Study on Production Efficiency of Two Strains of Brown and White Egg Laying Hens in Kuwait

Comparative Study on Production Efficiency of Two Strains of Brown and White Egg Laying Hens in Kuwait Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 12 (7): 383-389, 2013 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2013 Comprtive Study on Production Efficiency of Two Strins of Brown nd White Egg Lying

More information

Effect of Dwarfism on Reproductive and Meat Yield Parameters of Crossbred Chicken

Effect of Dwarfism on Reproductive and Meat Yield Parameters of Crossbred Chicken Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 4 (6): 372-377, 2005 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2005 Effect of Dwrfism on Reproductive nd Met Yield Prmeters of Crossred Chicken 1 2 3

More information

Comparative Study on Some Productive Traits of Muscovy and Sudani Ducks in Egypt

Comparative Study on Some Productive Traits of Muscovy and Sudani Ducks in Egypt Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 11 (4): 264-268, 2012 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2012 Comprtive Study on Some Productive Trits of Muscovy nd Sudni Ducks in Egypt Lil D.

More information

et.al.2002;sartori et.al.2001 Finisher Gonzales et.al.(2000) adlibitum Dry matter

et.al.2002;sartori et.al.2001 Finisher Gonzales et.al.(2000) adlibitum Dry matter 5 6 Suget et.l. Sleh et.l,6 Leeson Zuir Gonzles et.l.(000) Tumov et.l.00;srtori et.l.00 Finisher Brto 6 Dgs& Bustri, Bene et.l. 00 Hood C : P 6 6 C : P 5 6 6 dliitum 6 5 6 Dry mtter 5 Orgnic mtter A.O.A.C

More information

A Model for Promoting Poultry Industry Development in Togo: Part 1. Management Practices and Incubation Conditions

A Model for Promoting Poultry Industry Development in Togo: Part 1. Management Practices and Incubation Conditions Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 13 (3): 176-184, 2014 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2014 A Model for Promoting Poultry Industry Development in Togo: Prt 1. Mngement Prctices

More information

Effect of Rumensin on Health and Reproduction of Lactating Dairy Cows

Effect of Rumensin on Health and Reproduction of Lactating Dairy Cows Scientific Updte From Elnco Animl Helth Effect of Rumensin on Helth nd Reproduction of Lctting Diry Cows NADA 095-735 Dvid G. McClry, DVM, MS; Howrd B. Green, MS; Gerld D. Mechor, DVM; nd John I. D. Wilkinson,

More information

Metabolizable Energy Requirements for Broiler Breeder in Different Environmental Temperatures

Metabolizable Energy Requirements for Broiler Breeder in Different Environmental Temperatures Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 11 (7): 453-461, 2012 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2012 Metolizle Energy Requirements for Broiler Breeder in Different Environmentl Tempertures

More information

Introduction: Definition of Palatability

Introduction: Definition of Palatability Mesurement of pltility of common ingredients used in feed mixes for lms nd ewes A. Mereu,, G. Molle, V. Giovnetti, M. Acciro, M. Decndi, A. Cnns Diprtimento di Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Sssri,

More information

CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryza sativa L) VARIETY AT307

CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryza sativa L) VARIETY AT307 CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryz stiv L) VARIETY AT307 Kumr APA 1, Dhnyke Nilnthi 1 *, Phthinyke BD 2 nd Sennyke SGJN 1 1 Deprtment of Agriculturl Biology,

More information

The Use of Dried Tomato Pulp in Diets of Laying Hens

The Use of Dried Tomato Pulp in Diets of Laying Hens Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 5 (7): 68-622, 2006 ISSN 682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2006 The Use of Dried Tomto Pulp in Diets of Lying Hens 2 Mssoud Jfri, Rsoul Pirmohmmdi nd

More information

Effects of Genotype and Housing System on the Laying Performance of Chickens in Different Seasons in the Semi-Humid Tropics

Effects of Genotype and Housing System on the Laying Performance of Chickens in Different Seasons in the Semi-Humid Tropics Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 6 (6): 434-439, 2007 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2007 Effects of Genotype nd Housing System on the Lying Performnce of Chickens in Different

More information

Luteolysis and pregnancy outcomes after change in dose delivery of prostaglandin F2α in a 5-day timed artificial insemination program in dairy cows

Luteolysis and pregnancy outcomes after change in dose delivery of prostaglandin F2α in a 5-day timed artificial insemination program in dairy cows Knss Agriculturl Experiment ttion Reserch Reports Volume Issue 2 Diry Reserch (94-24) Article 9 24 Luteolysis nd pregnncy outcomes fter chnge in dose delivery of prostglndin F2α in -dy timed rtificil insemintion

More information

Genetic divergence of early song discrimination between two young songbird species

Genetic divergence of early song discrimination between two young songbird species In the formt provided y the uthors nd unedited. Genetic divergence of erly song discrimintion etween two young songird species Dvid Whetcroft* nd Ann Qvrnström SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION VOLUME: 1 ARTICLE

More information

Relationship Between Some Serum Enzyme Activities, Liver Functions and Body Weight in Growing Local Chickens

Relationship Between Some Serum Enzyme Activities, Liver Functions and Body Weight in Growing Local Chickens Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 8 (7): 700-705, 2009 ISSN 1682-856 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2009 Reltionship Between Some Serum Enzyme Activities, Liver Functions nd Body Weight in

More information

The Japanese Quail: A Review

The Japanese Quail: A Review Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 7 (9): 95-9, 008 ISSN 68-856 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 008 The Jpnese Quil: A Review Nsrollh Vli Deprtment of Animl Sciences, Fculty of Agriculture,

More information

Differences in peripartal plasma parameters related to calcium homeostasis of dairy sheep and goats in comparison with cows

Differences in peripartal plasma parameters related to calcium homeostasis of dairy sheep and goats in comparison with cows Zurich Open Repository nd Archive University of Zurich Min Lirry Strickhofstrsse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zor.uzh.ch Yer: 2014 Differences in periprtl plsm prmeters relted to clcium homeostsis of diry sheep

More information

BVD = Bovine Viral Diarrhea

BVD = Bovine Viral Diarrhea George Perry, South Dkot Stte University 11/2/17 Influence of Modified Live Vccines on Reproductive Performnce in Beef Cttle George A. Perry, Russell F. Dly, nd Christopher C. Chse Deprtment of Animl Science

More information

A.S. Fairchild, J.L. Grimes, J.K. Porter, W.J. Croom, Jr., L.R. Daniel and W.M. Hagler, Jr. 1

A.S. Fairchild, J.L. Grimes, J.K. Porter, W.J. Croom, Jr., L.R. Daniel and W.M. Hagler, Jr. 1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 4 (6): 350-355, 005 ISSN 68-8356 sin Network for Scientific Informtion, 005 Effects of Dicetoxyscirpenol nd Fusric cid on Poults: Individul nd Comined Effects of Dietry

More information

Research Article Interspecific Variation in Temperature Effects on Embryonic Metabolism and Development in Turtles

Research Article Interspecific Variation in Temperature Effects on Embryonic Metabolism and Development in Turtles Interntionl Scholrly Reserch Network ISRN Zoology Volume 212, Article ID 846136, 13 pges doi:1.542/212/846136 Reserch Article Interspecific Vrition in Temperture Effects on Emryonic Metolism nd Development

More information

Performance Comparison and Lysine Requirements of Seven Commercial Brown Egg Layer Strains During Phase One

Performance Comparison and Lysine Requirements of Seven Commercial Brown Egg Layer Strains During Phase One Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 7 (8): 806-8, 008 ISSN 68-8356 Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 008 Performne Comprison nd Lysine Requirements of Seven Commeril Brown Egg Lyer Strins During Phse

More information

Impact of Layer Breeder Flock Age and Strain on Mechanical and Ultrastructural Properties of Eggshell in Chicken

Impact of Layer Breeder Flock Age and Strain on Mechanical and Ultrastructural Properties of Eggshell in Chicken Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 9 (): 139-147, 010 ISSN 168-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 010 Impct of Lyer Breeder Flock Age nd Strin on Mechnicl nd Ultrstructurl Properties of Eggshell

More information

Towards a better understanding of the respective effects of milk yield and body condition dynamics on reproduction in Holstein dairy cows

Towards a better understanding of the respective effects of milk yield and body condition dynamics on reproduction in Holstein dairy cows Animl (2012), 6:3, pp 476 487 & The Animl Consortium 2011 doi:10.1017/s175173111100173x niml Towrds etter understnding of the respective effects of milk yield nd ody condition dynmics on reproduction in

More information

The. Feeding Value of

The. Feeding Value of The. Feeding Vlue of,e9cv Pcific Northwest Grown Soybens for Mrket Turkeys Specil Re December 1977 Agriculturl Experiment Sttion Oregon Stte University, AUTHORS: P. L. Prdis, J. A. Hrper, H. S. Nkue nd

More information

EFFECTS OF BODY WEIGHT UNIFORMITY AND PRE-PEAK FEEDING PROGRAMS ON BROILER BREEDER HEN PERFORMANCE

EFFECTS OF BODY WEIGHT UNIFORMITY AND PRE-PEAK FEEDING PROGRAMS ON BROILER BREEDER HEN PERFORMANCE 2001 Poultry Science Association, Inc. EFFECTS OF BODY WEIGHT UNIFORMITY AND PRE-PEAK FEEDING PROGRAMS ON BROILER BREEDER HEN PERFORMANCE B. P. HUDSON, R. J. LIEN 1, and J. B. HESS Department of Poultry

More information

TECHNICAL SUMMARY October 2013

TECHNICAL SUMMARY October 2013 TECHNICAL SUMMARY October 2013 GeneSTAR MVPs Moleculr Vlue Predictions for beef feed efficiency, 1 mrbling 2 nd tenderness Key Points GeneSTAR is DNA-mrker test for importnt production trits in ll breeds

More information

CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryza sativa L) VARIETY AT307

CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryza sativa L) VARIETY AT307 CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryz stiv L) VARIETY AT37 Kumr APA 1, Dhnyke Nilnthi 1 *, Phthinyke BD 2 n Sennyke SGJN 1 1 Deprtment of Agriculturl Biology,

More information

Enlargement 2. Scale and Enlargement

Enlargement 2. Scale and Enlargement Scle nd Enlrgement Enlrgement 2 Here is picture of Andy. He is 7 5 cm tll in the picture. In rel life, Andy is ctully twenty times the size he ppers to e in the picture. We sy tht this picture hs scle

More information

Increasing survival of wild macaw chicks using foster parents

Increasing survival of wild macaw chicks using foster parents Gbriel Vigo Truco,b,c nd Donld J. Brightsmithbb,c Deprtment of Wildlife nd Fisheries, Texs A&M University,b Schubot Exotic Bird Helth Center, Texs A&M University, c Tmbopt Mcw Project, Mdre de Dios, Perú

More information

Comparative Study of Three Indigenous Chicken Breeds of South Africa: Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements

Comparative Study of Three Indigenous Chicken Breeds of South Africa: Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements Agriculturl Journl 7 (3): 0-5, 01 ISSN: 1816-9155 Medwell Journls, 01 Comprtive Study of Three Indigenous Chicken Breeds of South Afric: Body Weight nd Liner Body Mesurements 1 1 1 O.J. Ali, J.W. Ng mi,

More information

High Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Fecal Flora

High Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Fecal Flora ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Dec. 1988, p. 181-186 66-484188112181-6$2./ Copyright 1988, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 32, No. 12 High Frequency of Antimicrobil Resistnce in Humn Fecl

More information

Factors associated with West Nile virus disease fatalities in horses. (Traduit par Docteur André Blouin) Can Vet J 2007;48:

Factors associated with West Nile virus disease fatalities in horses. (Traduit par Docteur André Blouin) Can Vet J 2007;48: Article Fctors ssocited with West Nile virus disese ftlities in horses Tsh Epp, Cheryl Wldner, Keith West, Hugh Townsend Astrct In 2003, the occurrence nd loction of horses with clinicl signs of West Nile

More information

ESTIMATION OF BREEDING VALUES AND THEIR ACCURACIES USING MULTIVARIATES ANIMAL MODEL ANALYSIS FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN THREE LOCAL STRAINS OF CHICKENS

ESTIMATION OF BREEDING VALUES AND THEIR ACCURACIES USING MULTIVARIATES ANIMAL MODEL ANALYSIS FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN THREE LOCAL STRAINS OF CHICKENS Egypt. Poult. Sci. Vol. 0 (IV) Dec. 000 (98-00) ESTIMATION OF BREEDING VALUES AND THEIR ACCURACIES USING MULTIVARIATES ANIMAL MODEL ANALYSIS FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN THREE LOCAL STRAINS OF CHICKENS M. M. IRAQI,

More information

Evaluation of the Growth Potential of Local Chickens in Malawi

Evaluation of the Growth Potential of Local Chickens in Malawi Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 4 (): 64-70, 005 ISSN 168-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 005 Evlution of the Growth Potentil of Locl Chickens in Mlwi T.N. Gondwe* nd C.B.A. Wollny Institute

More information

Efficacy of noviflumuron gel bait for control of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) laboratory studies

Efficacy of noviflumuron gel bait for control of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) laboratory studies Pest Mngement Science Pest Mng Sci 62:434 439 (2006) Efficcy of noviflumuron gel it for control of the Germn cockroch, Blttell germnic (Dictyopter: Blttellide) lortory studies Chnglu Wng nd Gry W Bennett

More information

EDUCATION AND PRODUCTION. Layer Performance of Four Strains of Leghorn Pullets Subjected to Various Rearing Programs

EDUCATION AND PRODUCTION. Layer Performance of Four Strains of Leghorn Pullets Subjected to Various Rearing Programs EDUCATION AND PRODUCTION Layer Performance of Four Strains of Leghorn Pullets Subjected to Various Rearing Programs S. LEESON, L. CASTON, and J. D. SUMMERS Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University

More information

Prevalence of Darkling Beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus) and Bacterial Load in Broiler Litters

Prevalence of Darkling Beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus) and Bacterial Load in Broiler Litters Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 6 (6): 440-444, 007 ISSN 168-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 007 Prevlence of Drkling Beetles (Alphitoius diperinus) nd Bcteril Lod in Broiler Litters

More information

Research with Finnsheep

Research with Finnsheep I j, I Agriculture Cnd Reserch Brnch Direction generte de l recherche Technicl Bulletin 1991-2E Reserch with Finnsheep in Cnd * ' - * Cnd Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Agriculture

More information

The physiology of hibernation in common map turtles ž / Graptemys geographica

The physiology of hibernation in common map turtles ž / Graptemys geographica Ž. Comprtive Biochemistry nd Physiology Prt A 130 001 331340 The physiology of hierntion in common mp turtles ž / Grptemys geogrphic Scott A. Reese, Crlos E. Crocker,,c, Mry E. Crwile, Donld C. Jckson

More information

Original Article. E Oz 1, *H Cetin 1, J E Cilek 2, O Deveci 3, A Yanikoglu 1

Original Article. E Oz 1, *H Cetin 1, J E Cilek 2, O Deveci 3, A Yanikoglu 1 Irnin J Pul Helth, Vol. 39, No.3, 2010, Irnin pp. 102-108 J Pul Helth, Vol. 39, No.3, 2010, pp. 102-108 Originl Article Effects of Two Temperture Storge Regimes on the Efficcy of 3 Commercil Gel Bits ginst

More information

GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS AND ECONOMIC VALUES OF PEKIN, MUSCOVY, AND MULARD DUCKS

GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS AND ECONOMIC VALUES OF PEKIN, MUSCOVY, AND MULARD DUCKS Slov Vet Res 2018; 55 (Suppl 20): 357 65 DOI 10.26873/SVR-663-2018 Originl Reserch Article GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS AND ECONOMIC VALUES OF PEKIN, MUSCOVY, AND MULARD DUCKS Frdos A.M. Hssn, Elshim

More information

EVALUATION OF S FOR FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) CONTROL AS A FEED-THROUGH COMPOUND FOR POULTRY, CATTLE, AND SWINE'

EVALUATION OF S FOR FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) CONTROL AS A FEED-THROUGH COMPOUND FOR POULTRY, CATTLE, AND SWINE' EVALUATION OF S-31183 FOR FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) CONTROL AS A FEED-THROUGH COMPOUND FOR POULTRY, CATTLE, AND SWINE' R. W. Miller Livestock Insects Lbortory, LPS! ARS, USDA Beltsville, MD 275 (Accepted

More information

Effects of Fusaric Acid in Broiler Chicks and Turkey Poults

Effects of Fusaric Acid in Broiler Chicks and Turkey Poults Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 4 (6): 356-359, 2005 ISSN 682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2005 Effects of Fusric Acid in Broiler nd Turkey Poults S.O. Oguno, D.R. Ledoux, J.N. Broomhed,

More information

Effects of litter quality and climate change along an elevation gradient on litter mass loss in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan plateau

Effects of litter quality and climate change along an elevation gradient on litter mass loss in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan plateau Plnt Ecol (21) 29:257 268 DOI 1.17/s11258-9-9714- Effects of litter qulity nd climte chnge long n elevtion grdient on litter mss loss in n lpine medow ecosystem on the Tietn plteu Gungping Xu Yigng Hu

More information

Sedation in the PICU is vital for patient comfort and to

Sedation in the PICU is vital for patient comfort and to Long-Term Dexmedetomidine Use nd Sfety Profile Among Criticlly Ill Children nd Neontes* Lest D. Whlen, MD; Jne L. Di Gennro, MD; Gretchen A. Irby, PhrmD; Ofer Yny, MD; Jerry J. Zimmermn, MD, PhD, FCCM

More information

HIGH FIBER LOW ENERGY DIET FOR MOLT INDUCTION IN LAYING HENS: THE IMPACT OF ALFALFA ON PHYSIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR.

HIGH FIBER LOW ENERGY DIET FOR MOLT INDUCTION IN LAYING HENS: THE IMPACT OF ALFALFA ON PHYSIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR. HIGH FIBER LOW ENERGY DIET FOR MOLT INDUCTION IN LAYING HENS: THE IMPACT OF ALFALFA ON PHYSIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR A Disserttion y CLAUDIA SHARENE DUNKLEY Sumitted to the Office of Grdute Studies

More information

Growth Rate, Carcass Weight and Percentage Weight of Carcass Parts of Laying Type Cockerels, Kampong Chicken and Arabic Chicken in Different Ages

Growth Rate, Carcass Weight and Percentage Weight of Carcass Parts of Laying Type Cockerels, Kampong Chicken and Arabic Chicken in Different Ages Pkistn Journl of Nutrition 14 (7): 377-382, 2015 ISSN 1680-5194 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2015 Growth Rte, Crcss Weight nd Percentge Weight of Crcss Prts of Lying Type Cockerels, Kmpong Chicken

More information

Effects of Management of Domestic Dogs and Recreation on Carnivores in Protected Areas in Northern California

Effects of Management of Domestic Dogs and Recreation on Carnivores in Protected Areas in Northern California Contriuted Pper Effects of Mngement of Domestic Dogs nd Recretion on Crnivores in Protected Ares in Northern Cliforni SARAH E. REED AND ADINA M. MERENLENDER Deprtment of Environmentl Science, Policy &

More information

Real Life Problems involving Area

Real Life Problems involving Area Rel Life Prolems involving Are Prolems occur often in everydy life. Exmple :- A edroom wll is to e wllppered. (300 cm) The wll hs een mesured nd is 6 metres y etres, s shown. The rolls of wllpper to e

More information

Effects of season on plasma progesterone profiles in repeat breeding cows

Effects of season on plasma progesterone profiles in repeat breeding cows Veterinrni Medicin, 60, 2015 (5): 227 234 Originl Pper Effects of seson on plsm progesterone profiles in repet reeding cows M.E. Ghnem 1, M. Nishiori 2 1 Fculty of Veterinry Medicine, Suez Cnl University,

More information

Robert H. Six 1*, William R. Everett 2, Melanie R. Myers 1 and Sean P. Mahabir 1

Robert H. Six 1*, William R. Everett 2, Melanie R. Myers 1 and Sean P. Mahabir 1 Six et l. Prsites & Vectors (2016) 9:93 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1374-z RESEARCH Comprtive speed of kill of srolner (Simpric ) nd spinosd plus milbemycin oxime (Trifexis ) ginst induced infesttions of Ctenocephlides

More information

Patch choice of avian herbivores along a migration trajectory From Temperate to Arctic

Patch choice of avian herbivores along a migration trajectory From Temperate to Arctic Bsic nd Applied Ecology 8 (2007) 354 363 www.elsevier.de/be Ptch choice of vin herbivores long migrtion trjectory From Temperte to Arctic A.J. vn der Grf,, J. Sthl b, G.F. Veen c, R.M. Hving, R.H. Drent

More information

PLASMA CORTISOL LEVEL AND MAIN METABOLISM EVOLUTION IN PREGNANT EWE

PLASMA CORTISOL LEVEL AND MAIN METABOLISM EVOLUTION IN PREGNANT EWE PLASMA CORTISOL LEVEL AND MAIN METABOLISM EVOLUTION IN PREGNANT EWE N. Dojnă, Iulin Codrenu, Costin Budică Fculty of veterinry medicine Buchrest, Romni, dojn2001@yhoo.com. Abstrct The purpose of this reserch

More information

Strategies to reduce heat stress in sheep housing

Strategies to reduce heat stress in sheep housing Interntionl Conference: Septemer 15-17, 2008 Rgus - Itly Innovtion Technology to Empower Sfety, Helth nd Welfre in Agriculture nd Agro-food Systems Strtegies to reduce het stress in sheep housing Croprese

More information

The effects of i.v. fentanyl administration on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in horses

The effects of i.v. fentanyl administration on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in horses British Journl of Anesthesi 97 (2): 232 7 (2006) doi:10.1093/bj/el116 Advnce Access publiction My 23, 2006 The effects of i.v. fentnyl dministrtion on the minimum lveolr concentrtion of isoflurne in horses

More information

Measurement 1: Surface Area and Volume

Measurement 1: Surface Area and Volume Mesurement 1: Surfce Are nd Volume Student Book - Series M-1 Mthletics Instnt Workooks Copyright Mesurement 1: Surfce re nd volume Student Book - Series M Contents Topics Topic 1 - The re of prts of circle

More information

Prevalence and reproduction of Tropilaelaps mercedesae and Varroa destructor in concurrently infested Apis mellifera colonies

Prevalence and reproduction of Tropilaelaps mercedesae and Varroa destructor in concurrently infested Apis mellifera colonies Prevlence nd reproduction of Tropilelps mercedese nd Vrro destructor in concurrently infested Apis mellifer colonies Buwngpong, N., de Guzmn, L. I., Khongphinitunjong, K., Frke, A. M., Burgett, M., & Chntwnnkul,

More information

Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria 3

Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria 3 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 5 (7): 639-645, 2006 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 2006 Pigeon Pe [Cjnus jn (L.) Millsp.] Seed Mel in Lyer Diets: 1. Performne of Point of Ly

More information

Evaluation of New Biological Product Saltose for Controlling Coccidia and Clostridia in Broiler Chickens

Evaluation of New Biological Product Saltose for Controlling Coccidia and Clostridia in Broiler Chickens Glol Veterinri 1 (): 57-, 01 ISSN 199-197 IDOSI Pulictions, 01 DOI: 10.589/idosi.gv.01.1.0.81 Evlution of New Biologicl Product Sltose for Controlling Coccidi nd Clostridi in Broiler Chickens 1 K.G. El

More information

Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota

Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota Industry adoption ~ 60% of ethanol plants are currently extracting oil > 70% will be extracting oil by the end or 2012 Oil uses >

More information

ASPECTS OF THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE GENTOO PENGUIN PYGOSCELIS PAPUA AT VOLUNTEER BEACH, FALKLAND ISLANDS, 2001/02

ASPECTS OF THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE GENTOO PENGUIN PYGOSCELIS PAPUA AT VOLUNTEER BEACH, FALKLAND ISLANDS, 2001/02 ASPECTS OF THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE GENTOO PENGUIN PYGOSCELIS PAPUA AT VOLUNTEER BEACH, FALKLAND ISLANDS, 2001/02 HELEN M. OTLEY, 1 ANDREA P. CLAUSEN, 1 DARREN J. CHRISTIE 1 & KLEMENS PÜTZ 2 1 Flklnds

More information

MERCURY EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF A FREE-LIVING TERRESTRIAL SONGBIRD, THE CAROLINA WREN (THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS)

MERCURY EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF A FREE-LIVING TERRESTRIAL SONGBIRD, THE CAROLINA WREN (THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS) The Auk 128(4):759 769, 2011 The Americn Ornithologists Union, 2011. Printed in USA. MERCURY EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF A FREE-LIVING TERRESTRIAL SONGBIRD, THE CAROLINA WREN (THRYOTHORUS

More information

Insecticide Resistance of the Green Rice Leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, to the Systemic Insecticides Used for Seedling-Box Application

Insecticide Resistance of the Green Rice Leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, to the Systemic Insecticides Used for Seedling-Box Application ScienceAsi 31 (25): 151-158 Insecticide Resistnce of the Green Rice Lefhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, to the Systemic Insecticides Used for Seedling-Box Appliction Jirpong Jirin,* Nouki Kojim nd Toru

More information

Immune Responses and Efficacy After Administration of a Commercial Brucella abortus Strain RB51 Vaccine to Cattle*

Immune Responses and Efficacy After Administration of a Commercial Brucella abortus Strain RB51 Vaccine to Cattle* Immune Responses nd Efficcy After Administrtion of Commercil Brucell bortus Strin RB51 Vccine to Cttle* Steven C. Olsen, DVM, PhD United Sttes Deprtment of Agriculture Bcteril Diseses of Livestock Reserch

More information

Seasonal differences in endocrine and ovarian patterns of Bos taurus indicus (Nelore) heifers estrous cycles

Seasonal differences in endocrine and ovarian patterns of Bos taurus indicus (Nelore) heifers estrous cycles Sesonl differences in endocrine nd ovrin ptterns of Bos turus indicus (Nelore) heifers estrous cycles Diferençs szonis no pdrão endócrino e ovrino do ciclo estrl de novilhs Bos turus indicus (Nelore) Anivldo

More information

L.A. Ibom, B. Okon, B.I. Adinya and F.I. Okon. Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria 2

L.A. Ibom, B. Okon, B.I. Adinya and F.I. Okon. Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria 2 World Journl of Zoology 7 (2): 113-117, 2012 ISSN 1817-3098 IDOSI Pulictions, 2012 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjz.2012.7.2.56111 Reproductive Performnce nd Correltions Among Egg Trits of Two Ectotypes of Adult

More information

Improving Performance, Meat Quality and Muscle Fiber Microstructure of Native Indonesian Muscovy Duck Through Feed Protein and Metabolizable Energy

Improving Performance, Meat Quality and Muscle Fiber Microstructure of Native Indonesian Muscovy Duck Through Feed Protein and Metabolizable Energy Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 1 (11): 653-659, 013 ISSN 168-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 013 Improving Performnce, Met Qulity nd Muscle Fier Microstructure of Ntive Indonesin Muscovy

More information

A retrospective study of the causes of morbidity and mortality in farmed elk (Cervus elaphus) Murray R. Woodbury, John Berezowski, Jerry Haigh

A retrospective study of the causes of morbidity and mortality in farmed elk (Cervus elaphus) Murray R. Woodbury, John Berezowski, Jerry Haigh A retrospective study of the cuses of morbidity nd mortlity in frmed elk (Cervus elphus) Murry R. Woodbury, John Berezowski, Jerry High Abstrct A survey of North Americn frmed elk (Cervus elphus) producers

More information

Effect of Chelated Calcium Proteinate Fed in the Maternal Diet of Turkey Breeders on Embryo Cardiac Physiology and Poult Quality 1

Effect of Chelated Calcium Proteinate Fed in the Maternal Diet of Turkey Breeders on Embryo Cardiac Physiology and Poult Quality 1 Interntinl Jurnl f Pultry Science 5 (4): 337-343, 006 ISSN 68-8356 Asin Netwrk fr Scientific Infrmtin, 006 Effect f Chelted Clcium Prteinte Fed in the Mternl f Turkey Breeders n Emry Crdic Physilgy nd

More information

Efficacy of Clarithromycin for Treatment of Experimental

Efficacy of Clarithromycin for Treatment of Experimental ANTIMICROBLAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, June 1993, p. 1329-1333 0066-4804/93/061329-05$02.00/0 Copyright X) 1993, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 37, No. 6 Efficcy of for Tretment of Experimentl Lyme

More information

An Integrated Population Pharmacokinetic Meta-Analysis of Propofol in Morbidly Obese and Nonobese Adults, Adolescents, and Children

An Integrated Population Pharmacokinetic Meta-Analysis of Propofol in Morbidly Obese and Nonobese Adults, Adolescents, and Children Originl Article Cittion: CPT: Phrmcometrics & Systems Phrmcology (13), e73; doi:1.138/psp.13.7 13 ASCPT All rights reserved 163-836/1 www.nture.com/psp An Integrted Popultion Phrmcokinetic Met-Anlysis

More information

Evaluation of the Hologic Gen-Probe PANTHER, APTIMA Combo 2 Assay in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Evaluation of the Hologic Gen-Probe PANTHER, APTIMA Combo 2 Assay in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital AJCP / Originl Article Evlution of the Hologic Gen-Probe PANTHER, APTIMA Combo 2 Assy in Tertiry Cre Teching Hospitl Annie Cheng, MT, nd Jmes E. Kirby, MD From the Deprtment of Pthology, Beth Isrel Deconess

More information

Effects of mercury exposure on the reproductive success of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)

Effects of mercury exposure on the reproductive success of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) Ecotoxicology (2008) 17:133 141 DOI 10.1007/s10646-007-0163-z Effects of mercury exposure on the reproductive success of tree swllows (Tchycinet bicolor) Rebeck L. Brsso Æ Dniel A. Cristol Accepted: 20

More information

EFFECTS OF SODIUM AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE IN DRINKING WATER ON MALLARD DUCKLINGS

EFFECTS OF SODIUM AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE IN DRINKING WATER ON MALLARD DUCKLINGS EFFETS OF SODIUM AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE IN DRINKING WATER ON MALLARD DUKLINGS Authors: S. A. Mitchm, nd G. Wobeser Source: Journl of Wildlife Diseses, 24(1) : 3044 Published By: Wildlife Disese Assocition

More information

Development of an Assay for Besylate in Amlodipine Besylate by IC and a Second Assay to Simultaneously Determine Amlodipine and Besylate by HPLC

Development of an Assay for Besylate in Amlodipine Besylate by IC and a Second Assay to Simultaneously Determine Amlodipine and Besylate by HPLC Development of n Assy for in Amlodipine y IC nd Second Assy to Simultneously Determine Amlodipine nd y HPLC Brin De Bor nd Jeffrey Rohrer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvle, CA, USA Overview Purpose:

More information

Hereditary ataxia in the Jack Russell Terrier (JRT) is a

Hereditary ataxia in the Jack Russell Terrier (JRT) is a J Vet Intern Med 2004;1:1 21 Hereditry Atxi in the Jck Russell Terrier Clinicl nd Genetic Investigtions Annette Wessmnn, Thoms Goedde, Andre Fischer, Peter Wohlsein, Henning Hmnn, Ottmr Distl, nd Andre

More information

J. Wat. Treat. Biol. Vol.37 No.2

J. Wat. Treat. Biol. Vol.37 No.2 Direct Observtion biilm's surfce bcteril prt pcked n clerly seen B), ct section s spheres rods (Fig., frequently 10μm size. smooth boundries clumps where ded s process. A polymer drk-light res All structure

More information

Band-tailed Pigeon Population Status, 2010

Band-tailed Pigeon Population Status, 2010 University of Nebrsk - Lincoln DigitlCommons@University of Nebrsk - Lincoln US Fish & Wildlife Publictions US Fish & Wildlife Service 2010 Bnd-tiled Pigeon Popultion Sttus, 2010 Todd A. Snders U.S. Fish

More information

The preventive effects of two nutraceuticals on experimentally induced acute synovitis

The preventive effects of two nutraceuticals on experimentally induced acute synovitis Equine Veterinry Journl ISSN 0425-1644 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12629 The preventive effects of two nutrceuticls on experimentlly induced cute synovitis E. VAN DE WATER *, M. OOSTERLINCK, M. DUMOULIN, N. M. KORTHAGEN,P.R.VAN

More information

Knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics prescribing among medical officers of public health care facilities in the state of Kedah, Malaysia

Knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics prescribing among medical officers of public health care facilities in the state of Kedah, Malaysia ORIGINAL ARTICLE Knowledge, ttitude nd prctice of ntibiotics prescribing mong medicl officers of public helth cre fcilities in the stte of Kedh, Mlysi Tn Wei Leong, MD*, Siti Rhmh@Noor Syhireen Mohmmed,

More information

Feasibility of Miscanthus as alternative bedding for dairy cows

Feasibility of Miscanthus as alternative bedding for dairy cows Veterinrni Medicin,, 1 (3): 11 13 Originl Pper doi: 1.171/9-VETMED Fesibility of Miscnthus s lterntive bedding for diry cows S. Vn Weyenberg, T. Ulens, K. De Reu, I. Zwertvegher, P. Demeyer, L. Pluym Institute

More information

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and This rticle ppered in journl pulished y Elsevier. The ttched copy is furnished to the uthor for internl non-commercil reserch nd eduction use, including for instruction t the uthors institution nd shring

More information

SELECTED LIFE HISTORY ASPECTS AND HABITAT USE BY MERRIAM'S WILD TURKEYS IN OREGON

SELECTED LIFE HISTORY ASPECTS AND HABITAT USE BY MERRIAM'S WILD TURKEYS IN OREGON SELECTED LIFE HISTORY ASPECTS AND HABITAT USE BY MERRIAM'S WILD TURKEYS IN OREGON by Robert Scott Lutz A THESIS submitted to Oregon Stte University in prtil fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

More information

Appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy: a multicentre prevalence survey in the Netherlands,

Appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy: a multicentre prevalence survey in the Netherlands, Surveillnce nd outbrek reports Appropriteness of ntimicrobil therpy: multicentre prevlence survey in the Netherlnds, 28 29 I Willemsen 1, T vn der Kooij 2, B vn Benthem 2, J Wille 3, J Kluytmns (jnkluytmns@gmil.com)

More information

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of NSAIDs in a model of reversible inflammation in the cat

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of NSAIDs in a model of reversible inflammation in the cat British Journl of Phrmcology (25) 146, 642 653 & 25 Nture Pulishing Group All rights reserved 7 1188/5 $3. www.nture.com/jp Phrmcokinetic/phrmcodynmic modelling of NSAIDs in model of reversile inflmmtion

More information

Performance of Broiler Breeders as Affected by Body Weight During the Breeding Season 1

Performance of Broiler Breeders as Affected by Body Weight During the Breeding Season 1 Performance of Broiler Breeders as Affected by Body Weight During the Breeding Season 1 H. R. WILSON and R. H. HARMS Department of Poultry Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (Received

More information

Comparison of the Incidence of Post-operative Wound Infection between Skin Staples and Conventional Sutures in Abdominal Skin Closures

Comparison of the Incidence of Post-operative Wound Infection between Skin Staples and Conventional Sutures in Abdominal Skin Closures Print ISSN: 2321-6379 Online ISSN: 2395-1893 DOI: 10.17354/SUR/2016/52 Originl Article Comprison of the Incidence of Post-opertive Wound Infection etween Skin Stples nd Conventionl Sutures in Adominl Skin

More information

ESTIMATION OF (CO) VARIANCE COMPONENTS OF EWE PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN KERMANI SHEEP

ESTIMATION OF (CO) VARIANCE COMPONENTS OF EWE PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN KERMANI SHEEP Slovk J. Anim. Sci., 46, 2013 (2): 45-51 2013 CVŽV ISSN 1337-9984 ESTIMATION OF (CO) VARIANCE COMPONENTS OF EWE PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN KERMANI SHEEP M. R. MOHAMMADABADI*, R. SATTAYIMOKHTARI Deprtment of

More information

Marketing of Exotic Chicken Products and Constraints under Small Scale Intensive Urban Poultry Production in Addis Ababa

Marketing of Exotic Chicken Products and Constraints under Small Scale Intensive Urban Poultry Production in Addis Ababa World Journl of Agriculturl Sciences 14 (1): 17-24, 2018 ISSN 1817-3047 IDOSI Pulictions, 2018 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjs.2018.17.24 Mrketing of Exotic Chicken Products nd Constrints under Smll Scle Intensive

More information

3 MENSURATION TASK cm. 8 cm 12 cm. x cm. 30 m. 20 m. 24 m. 40 m

3 MENSURATION TASK cm. 8 cm 12 cm. x cm. 30 m. 20 m. 24 m. 40 m 1 3 MENSURTIN TSK 3.1 Give nswers to one deciml plce if necessry. Find the re of ech shpe elow. ll lengths re in cm. 1. 12 2. 4 10 3. 8 10 8 14 9 4. The re of the prllelogrm is equl to the re of the trpezium.

More information

Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Japanese Quails Coturnix coturnix Japonica and Chickens Due to Ascaridia galli Infection

Haematological and Biochemical Changes in Japanese Quails Coturnix coturnix Japonica and Chickens Due to Ascaridia galli Infection Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 7 (7): 704-70, 2008 ISSN 682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2008 Hemtologicl nd Biochemicl Chnges in Jpnese Quils Coturnix coturnix Jponic nd Chickens

More information

Effect of Calcium Level of the Developing and Laying Ration on Hatchability of Eggs and on Viability and Growth Rate of Progeny of Young Pullets 1

Effect of Calcium Level of the Developing and Laying Ration on Hatchability of Eggs and on Viability and Growth Rate of Progeny of Young Pullets 1 1328 E. J. DAY AND B. C. DILWOETH for calcium:phosphorus ratios shows that toe ash was lowest for the birds receiving the rations containing the most narrow calcium:phosphorus ratio. Again, this observation

More information

Nutritional Evaluation of Yam Peel Meal for Pullet Chickens: 2. Effect of Feeding Varying Levels on Sexual Maturity and Laying Performance

Nutritional Evaluation of Yam Peel Meal for Pullet Chickens: 2. Effect of Feeding Varying Levels on Sexual Maturity and Laying Performance IJAAAR 7 (1&2): 46-53, 2011 International Journal of Applied Agricultural and Apicultural Research Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lautech, Ogbomoso, Ibadan Nigeria, 2011 46 Nutritional Evaluation of

More information

Materials and method Animals and blood samples

Materials and method Animals and blood samples Originl Reserch 1 / 12 Veterinri OA México Publicción Digitl de l Fcultd de Medicin Veterinri y Zootecni o http://www.revists.unm.mx/index.php/veterinri-mexico Effect of prostglndin F2α dministrtion during

More information

Prevalence of Cattle Diseases and Productive and Reproductive Traitsof Cattle in Ilu Aba Bora Zone, South Western Ethiopia

Prevalence of Cattle Diseases and Productive and Reproductive Traitsof Cattle in Ilu Aba Bora Zone, South Western Ethiopia Glol Veterinri 10 (5): 614-619, 2013 ISSN 1992-6197 IDOSI Pulictions, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.10.5.6687 Prevlence of Cttle Diseses nd Productive nd Reproductive Tritsof Cttle in Ilu A Bor Zone,

More information

EFFECTS OF ADDED FAT, DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN, AND RUMINALLY-PROTECTED CHOLINE IN DIETS OF FINISHING STEERS

EFFECTS OF ADDED FAT, DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN, AND RUMINALLY-PROTECTED CHOLINE IN DIETS OF FINISHING STEERS Cttlemen s Dy 1998 EFFECTS OF ADDED FAT, DEGRADABLE INTAKE PROTEIN, AND RUMINALLY-PROTECTED CHOLINE IN DIETS OF FINISHING STEERS J. S. Drouillrd, A. S. Flke, nd G. L. Kul Summry siniicntly improved rowt

More information

Daily and seasonal rhythms in the respiratory sensitivity of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Daily and seasonal rhythms in the respiratory sensitivity of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) 3339 The Journl of Experimentl iology 212, 3339-3348 Pulished y The Compny of iologists 29 doi:1.1242/je.27698 Dily nd sesonl rhythms in the respirtory sensitivity of red-ered sliders (Trchemys script

More information

ARTICLE IN PRESS. Ecological Indicators xxx (2011) xxx xxx. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Ecological Indicators

ARTICLE IN PRESS. Ecological Indicators xxx (2011) xxx xxx. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Ecological Indicators ECOIND-918; No. of Pges 1 Ecologicl Indictors xxx (211) xxx xxx Contents lists ville t ScienceDirect Ecologicl Indictors jo ur nl homep ge: www.elsevier.com/locte/ecolind Opertionl performnce indictors

More information

Reproductive Performance and Farmer s Traits of Interest and Selection Criterion Studies of Wollo Highland Sheep and Their F Crossbreed Progenies

Reproductive Performance and Farmer s Traits of Interest and Selection Criterion Studies of Wollo Highland Sheep and Their F Crossbreed Progenies Cndin Journl of Scientific Reserch 6(2): 23-37, 2017 IDOSI Pulictions, 2017 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.cjsr.2017.23.37 Reproductive Performnce nd Frmer s Trits of Interest nd Selection Criterion Studies of Wollo

More information