Contributions to the knowledge of the Eratoidae IV. A new species from Tuamotu, French Polynesia

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1 Zoologishe Sttssmmlung Münhen/Verlg Friedrih Pfeil; downlod SPIXIANA Münhen, Juli 2010 ISSN Contriutions to the knowledge of the Ertoide IV. A new speies from Tumotu, Frenh Polynesi (Mollus, Gstropod) Dirk Fehse Fehse, D Contriutions to the knowledge of the Ertoide IV. A new speies from Tumotu, Frenh Polynesi (Mollus, Gstropod). Spixin 33 (1): A reently disovered speies of the genus Ertoen Iredle, 1935 from Tumotu, Frenh Polynesi is desried s Ertoen gourgueti spe. nov. The new speies is thoroughly ompred with its ongener Ertoen shmeltzin (Crosse, 1867) nd other similr speies like Ertoen orrugt (Hinds, 1844). The new speies is distinguished y its slender, lmost ylindril shell, the fine dentition nd the protruded fossulr mrgin. Some remrks onerning the identifition of Ertoide in generl re given. Ertoide re mrine prosornh gstropods tht re losely relted to the Triviide ut differ from the ltter y their shell morphology. Their shell shpe is mrginellid-like ut lks olumellr folds. Dirk Fehse, Nippeser Str. 3, Berlin, Germny; e-mil: dirk.fehse@rohde-shwrz.om Introdution Ertoide nd its sister-group Triviide re ssigned to the superfmily Trivioide. They re relted to the fmilies Velutinoide nd Cypreo ide. Trivioide shre with the Velutinoide nd lso with the Cpulide n ehinospir lrve, ut their nervous system, rdul, outer niml morphology esides other fetures re relted to the Cypreoide. The mrginellid-like shell seprtes them from their sister group Triviide whih possesses ypreid-like shell. Ertoide re firly smll group of mrine prosornh gstropods with pproximtely 140 fossil nd reent speies in ll temperte nd wrm ses. They hve usully minute shell nd their iology is lrgely unknown. Animls hve een oserved to feed on sidins, ompound tunites, gorgonins, lge, et. (Vyssière 1927; Aott 1974; Lus-Nunnink 1988). In 1933 Shilder pulished monogrph on the Ertoide where he defined onhologil fetures to distinguish speies s the presene nd pperne of dorsl sulus s well s the grnultion. Sine Cte s review (1977) on the Ertoide no uthor took ount to this group of mrine gstropods. Unfortuntely, Cte dopted only those distinguishing fetures. Drivs & Jy (1986) exmined lrger series of speimens of Ertoen sulifer (Sowery, 1832) from Reunion nd pulished their results s revision of the sugenus Ertoen Iredle, They ould oserve tht the presene nd pperne of dorsl sulus nd the grnultion vries onsiderly within E. sulifer. Drivs & Jy onluded ll desried speies of Ertoen E. orrugt (Hinds, 1844), E. nn (Sowery, 1859), E. shmeltzin (Crosse, 1867), E. smithi (Shilder, 1933) nd E. pensis (Shilder, 1933) re just synonyms of E. sulifer. They did not onsider ny other onhologil fetures. This pper will not disuss the vlidity of those nd reently desried tx (Drivs & Jy 1986; Cossignny & Cossignny 1997) euse it would e out of proportion. A monogrph on Ertoide is still in preprtion. However, it ould e oserved on ll speies tht the pperne of the dentition dentiles on the lrl nd prietl lip in generl, nd 13

2 Zoologishe Sttssmmlung Münhen/Verlg Friedrih Pfeil; downlod of the ventrl folds in detil, esides other fetures lerly distinguish speies within the Ertoide. Reently, Jen Letourneux nd Roert Gourguet mde smples of Ertoide from Tumotu ville for study. Alredy on the very first sight severl ylindril speimens hit in the eye. No similr shped speies re known so fr. Therefore, it is justified to desrie this speies s Ertoen gourgueti spe. nov. The new speies is ssigned to the genus Ertoen euse the whole shell morphology fits well with the type speies of the genus. Arevitions DFB olletion Dirk Fehse, Berlin, Germny JLT olletion Jen Letourneux, Tumotu, Frenh Polynesi ZSM Zoologil Stte Colletion, Munih, Germny LT numer of lrl teeth CT numer of olumellr teeth L length W width Txonomy Trivioide Troshel, 1863 Ertoide Shilder, 1925 Ertoine Shilder, 1925 Ertoen Iredle, 1935 Type speies: Ovulum orrugtum Hinds, 1844, y monotypy. Dignosis. Shell smll, pyriform, more or less minutely wrinkled throughout; spire elevted; dorsl sulus often well defined; olumellr nd lrl dentition numerous nd well-defined. Dorsl olourtion white or light red ut more often light green with nterior tip usully red. Remrks. Eight fossil nd nine living speies of the Indin Oen, Indo-Pifi nd Pifi re ssigned to the genus. Liltved (2000) epted only the genus Erto Risso, 1826 for ll the reent Ertoid speies tht re similr to the Cypreide nd Triviide. Meyer (2003, 2004), however, hs onfirmed muh greter diversity in gener within the Cypreide. Similr results were found in the fmily Ovulide (Shiprelli et l. 2005) nd in Triviide, the sister fmily of the Ertoide (Simone 2004; Fehse & Grego 2009,). There re no moleulr systemti dt for the Ertoide ville t the moment ut the zoogeogrphy lone implies greter diversity of gener y geogrphil isoltion (Shilder 1943, 1959, 1961, 1969). It is lredy onfirmed y their shell morphology. Similrly, the genus Erto type speies Volut ypreol Brohi, 1814 is only used for Europen fossil nd reent speies (Shilder & Shilder 1971). Speies of Erto hve generlly lrger shell. Some Erto speies might hve pustulted ut never wrinkled shell nd the pustules re restrited usully to the posterior prt of the shell. A dorsl sulus is osured or sent in lmost ll speies (Fehse & Lndu 2002,, 2003; Fehse & Grego in press). Furthermore, the only living speies of the genus Erto E. volut (Montgu, 1803) is uniformly oloured nd lks, therefore, different oloured nterior tip. Ertoen gourgueti spe. nov. Pl. 1, Figs 1, 2; Pl. 2, Fig. 1 Types. Empty shells were dived in depths of 5-35 m in rule t ll mentioned lolities. Holotype: Off rrier reef of the toll of Mkemo, Tumotu, Frenh Polynesi; length: 4.0 mm; width: 2.3 mm; height: 1.8 mm; LT 30; CT 21 (ZSM, oll. No ). Prtypes: No. 1: rrier reef of the toll of Mkemo, Tumotu, Frenh Polynesi; length: 3.7 mm; width: 2.1 mm; height: 1.6 mm; LT ; CT sudult (DFB, No. 9233); No. 2: Off Motu Otepipi, Rngiro, Tumotu, Frenh Polynesi; length: 3.7 mm; width: 2.0 mm; height: 1.5 mm; LT 25; CT 19 (DFB, No ); No. 3: Off Motu Otepipi, Rngiro, Tumotu, Frenh Polynesi; length: 3.1 mm; width: 1.8 mm; height: 1.4 mm; LT ; CT sudult (DFB, No ); No. 4: Off Motu Otepipi, Rngiro, Tumotu, Frenh Polynesi; length: 3.3 mm; width: 2.0 mm; height: 1.6 mm; LT 22; CT 18 (JLT). Further prtypes in olletion DFB, J. Letourneux nd R. Gourguet. Desription Shell smll, frgile, slender, elongted, lmost ylindril with short, onil spire. Protoonh onsisting of 1-1 { whorls with very smll nuleus. Suture indistint nd only visile through the trnsluent shell. Juntion with teleoonh not lerly defined. Teleoonh omprising 2 {-3 flt-sided whorls. Body whorl out 95 % of totl height, slender, elongted, lmost ylindril, with the mximum dimeter lmost entrlly. Dorsum finely grnulted, rounded, with n inised dorsl sulus nd not onstrited ehind the nterior extremity. Aperture very nrrow nd stright, % of totl height. Lrum wekly thikened, lmost stright, ering up to 30 fine nd equl dentiles on the inner mrgin, whih do extend onto the lip s very fine folds. Siphonl nl short, rounded nd stright. Columell smooth, slightly sinuous, ordered internlly y wek rinl ridge. The ridge is slightly stronger in the fossulr re nd slightly protruding. Prietl lip roundly thikened, ering up to 21 wek dentiles. The most nterior 2-4 dentiles re developed into 14

3 Zoologishe Sttssmmlung Münhen/Verlg Friedrih Pfeil; downlod Plte Ertoen gourgueti spe. nov., Holotype, ZSM, oll. No Ertoen gourgueti spe. nov., Prtype 1, DFB, oll. No. 9233, sudult. Off Mkemo, Tumotu, on rrier reef. 3. Ertoen shmeltzin (Crosse, 1867), DFB, oll. No Off Tirei, Thiti; olleted on reef. 15

4 Zoologishe Sttssmmlung Münhen/Verlg Friedrih Pfeil; downlod Plte Ertoen gourgueti spe. nov., Prtype 2, DFB, No , grnulted vriety, Off Motu Otepipi, Rngiro, Tumotu. 2. Ertoen shmeltzin (Crosse, 1867), DFB, oll. No Off Apdoiti, Rite Isl., Soiety Isls, Frenh Polynesi, t 5-10 m in rule. 3. Ertoen shmeltzin (Crosse, 1867), DFB, oll. No Off Miri-Miri, Rite Isl., Soiety Isls, Frenh Polynesi; dredged t m in rule snd. 16

5 Zoologishe Sttssmmlung Münhen/Verlg Friedrih Pfeil; downlod unusully short folds, whih run oliquely ross the ventrum. Fossul mrked y wek onvity. Terminl ridge simple nd strong running long the order of the siphonl nl. Shell olour trnsluent white with light red louding nd rod trnsverse white nd on the dorsum. Anterior lrl tip red, nterior ventrl tip very indistint red. Vrition: The dorsl sulus is not developed in juvenile speimens nd the shell is smooth. Sudult speimens re overed with more llous where the sulus is lredy inised nd the grnultion slightly developed. Mtured shells show deeply inised sulus, the grnules nd the dentition re fully developed. The numer of lrl teeth vries etween 22 nd 30 nd the numer of olumellr teeth etween 18 nd 21. The rtio width to length is in verge 58 % ut vries etween 55 % nd 61 %. No informtion is ville on externl morphology nd rdul. Etymology. In honour to Roert Gourguet, Tumotu, who provided suffiient mteril to desrie this txon. Distriution. The new speies is onfirmed y prtypes in the uthor s olletion esides the type lolity lso from Rngiro, Tumotu; Pt. Venus, Thiti; Mrpi, Sipn nd Periki, Jw, Indonesi. Disussion All in the following mentioned speies ould e studied y type speimens (e. g. Cte 1977) nd y hundreds of speimens from vrious lolities in the uthor s olletion. The slender, lmost ylindril shell, the fine dentition nd the protruded fossulr mrgin distinguishes Ertoen gourgueti spe. nov. lredy from ll speies in the genus Ertoen (see Fig. 1). The shoulder on the side of the lrum is lmost perpendiulr to the pex. Furthermore, the lrum of E. gourgueti is stright nd desries n ngle round 80 with the shoulder while it is rounded in its ongener E. shmeltzin (Pl. 1, Fig. 3; Pl. 2, Figs 2, 3). The ltter possesses per-shped shell (rtio W/L: 65 % to 72 %) nd fewer (LT 20-22; CT 17-20), stronger dentiles, the nterior ventrl folds re elongted nd very strong nd the nterior tip shows on either side right red dots. Ertoen orrugt (Hinds, 1844) is muh more pyriform with fewer (LT 19-22; CT 15-17) nd stronger dentiles. The sttus of E. orrugt needs to e lrified euse it is sed on worn letotype, in whih the ventrl folds re not preserved. The lrger entrl Indo-Pifi E. nn (Sowery, 1859) nd E. pgooi (Cossignni & Cossignni, 1997) re lso distintly width/length length Ertoen gourgueti Ertoen shmeltzin Fig. 1. Comprison of the shell morphology of E. gourgueti spe. nov. nd its ongener E. shmeltzin. pyriform with fewer (E. nn: LT 17-21, CT 15-17; E. pgooi: LT 19-21, CT 16-18), orser dentiles nd muh stronger ventrl folds. In E. nn is usully the whole nterior tip reddish nd in E. pgooi it is greenish. The other entrl Indo-Pifi speies Ertoen septentrionlis (Cte, 1977) nd Ertoen grt (Cossignni & Cossignni, 1997) re more squtly pyriform with strongly developed grnultion, dentition nd lrl nd ventrl folds. The est Afrin speies E. pensis, E. smithi nd E. sulifer differ in similr wy nd y their greenish shell from E. gourgueti spe. nov. In E. smithi re, furthermore, the lrl folds muh more developed nd in E. pensis re the ventrl folds muh more numerous (12 vs. 4-5 in E. sulifer) thn in E. sulifer nd the new speies. Referenes Aott, R. T Amerin seshells. 2 nd ed., 663 pp., New York (Vn Nostrnd Reinhold Compny). Cte, C. N A review of the Ertoide (Mollus: Gstropod). The Veliger 19 (3): Cossignni, T. & Cossignni, V Desrizione di tre nuove Erto (Gstropod: Prosornhi, Ertoide). Mlologi Mostr Mondile 24: Drivs, J. & Jy, M Shells of Réunion. 5. Superfmily Cypreoide: Fmily Ertoide. L Conhigli 18 ( ): Fehse, D. & Grego, J Revision of the genus Trivellon Iredle, 1931 (Mollus: Gstropod: Triviide). Allied Cowries. Contriution to the knowledge of Triviide. 160 pp., Ngykovási, Hungry (Grfon). 17

6 Zoologishe Sttssmmlung Münhen/Verlg Friedrih Pfeil; downlod & Contriutions to the knowledge of the Triviide (Mollus: Gstropod). X. The Triviide from the Red Se with desription of new genus Purpurpsul nd new speies in the genus Trivirostr Jousseume, Visy 2 (5): & in press. Contriutions to ertoid systemtis (Mollus, Gstropod). 5. Middle Mioene, Bdenin Ertoide from Borsodót (Borsod-Aúj- Zemplén ounty, Hungry), with desriptions of new tx. Földtni Közlöny. & Lndu, B Contriutions to ertoid systemtis (Mollus, Gstropod). 1. Erly Plioene Ertoide from the western Mediterrnen. Cinozoi Reserh 1 (1-2): & Contriutions to ertoid systemtis (Mollus, Gstropod). 2. Lte Mioene Ertoide from Seux d Anjou (Loire Bsin, Frne), with desriptions of new tx. Cinozoi Reserh 1 (1-2): & Contriutions to ertoid systemtis (Mollus, Gstropod). 3. Europen Oligoene Ertoide, with desription of new speies. Cinozoi Reserh 2 (1-2): Liltved, W. R Cowries nd their reltives of Southern Afri. A study of the southern Afrin Cypreen nd Velutinen gstropod fun. 2 nd enlrged ed., 224 pp., Cpe Town (Gordon Verhoef, Seomer Pulitions). Lus- Nunnink, M The genus Erto in Europe. L Conhigli 19 ( ): 26-28, 30. Meyer, C. P Moleulr systemtis of owries (Gstropod: Cypreide) nd diversifition ptterns in the tropis. Biologil Journl of the Linnen Soiety 79: Towrd omprehensiveness: inresed moleulr smpling within Cypreide nd its phylogeneti implitions. Mlologi 46 (1): Shiprelli, S., Bru, M., Olmo, E., Boyer, M. & Cnp, A Phylogeneti reltionships within Ovulide (Gstropod: Cypreoide) sed on moleulr dt from 16S rrna gene. Mrine Biology 147: , figs Suppl. (pulished vi Internet): 1-22, text figs Shilder, F. A Monogrph of the sufmily Ertoine. Proeedings of the Mlologil Soiety London 20 (5): Zur Verwndtshft der Litorlfunen. Eine sttistish-zoogeogrphishe Studie n Cypree. Arhiv für Molluskenkunde 75 (2/3): Proleme der Zoogeogrphie. Verhndlungen der Deutshen Zoologishen Gesellshft in Münster/Westf. 1959: Zoogeogrphishe Proleme der Porzellnshneken im Lihte der Phylogenie. Verhndlungen der Deutshen Zoologishen Gesellshft in Srrüken 25: Zoogeogrphil studies on living owries. The Veliger 11 (4): Shilder, M. & Shilder, F. A A tlogue of living nd fossil owries. Txonomy nd iliogrphy of Trivie nd Cypree (Gstropod Prosornhi). Mémoires, Institut Royl des Sienes Nturelles de Belgique, 2 e Série, 85: Simone, L. R. L Morphology nd phylogeny of the Cypreoide (Mollus, Cenogstropod). 185 pp., Rio de Jneiro (Ppel Virtul Editori). Vyssière, A Reherhes zoologiques et ntomiques sur les Mollusques de l fmille des Cypreidés, 2 me Prtie. Annles du Musée d Histoire Nturelle de Mrseille 21: , pls