Morphological and His tochemical Study of Small Intestine InIndigenous Ducks (Anasplatyrhynchos)

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1 IOSR Journl of Agriculture nd Veterinry Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-issn: , p-issn: Volume 10, Issue 7 Ver. II (July 2017), PP Morphologicl nd His tochemicl Study of Smll Intestine InIndigenous Ducks (Anspltyrhynchos) Imn Mous Khleel 1*, Ghssn Doud Atie 2 1 Deprtment of ntomy nd histology/ coll. Vet. Med. / University of Bghdd, Irq 2 Deprtment of ntomy nd histology/ coll. Vet. Med. / University of Kerl, Irq Corresponding Author: Imn Mous Khleel Summry: Histomorphologicl study of smll intestine in indigenous ducks Anspltyrhynchosws crried out for thirty dult indigenous ducks (mle nd femle). Duodenum, jejunum nd ileum were studied grossly nd histologiclly. Antomiclly, the smll intestine ppered s smooth, uniform through entire length, light pinkish nd glistening. The duodenum hs U shpe loop extend cudl to the gizzrd. The pncretic nd ile ducts opened in the end of its scending lim.the Jejunum nd ileum were rrnged in lrge prllel U shped loops. The mucous memrne of the smll intestines hs velvety ppernce. Femle hd significnthigher thn mle in the men length, weight nd volume of totl smll intestine nd for ech intestinl segment seprtely. The celic rtery nd its rnches supply the smll intestine.histologiclly, the wll of the smll intestine ws consisted of four tunice mucos, sumucos, musculris nd seros.the mucos of the smll intestine hd distinctive feture y the presence of villi nd the crypts of lieerkuhn which covered y simple columnr epithelium with golet cells. The villi hd different shpes in different segments of smll intestine.the golet cells were incresed in numer towrds ileum with PAS nd AB positive rections. No Pneth cells were oserved. No sex differences in the shpe of the villi, height of columnr cells, villus height, crypts depth, rtio of villus height to crypts depth nd the numer of golet cells in the three segments of smll intestine. Keywords: Smll intestine,in Indigenous Ducks, Duodenum, jejunum, ileum Dte of Sumission: Dte of cceptnce: I. Introduction Poultry nd eggs represent n excellent nutritionl source nd mke up significnt prt of peoples diets[1]. Feed represents mjor component in the cost of poultry production, considerle efforts hve een mde in recent yers to select more efficient irds[2]. The Anspltyrhynchos Mllrd, one of the ducks species from the Anseriformes order, this irds ccommodtion for wter living, nd its flesh re very delicious from ny wter fowl flesh, for this reson ecome s hunters trget[3].the structure of ird limentry system is chrcterized y lrge individul vriility s result of digestive trct dpttion of these nimls to environment condition [4]Avin digestive trct modifictions my occur s n dpttion to diet [5]. The smll intestine is one orgns nd it is primry sit of sorption of the digestive system for most nutrients in irds nd mmmls [6]. The niml growth depends on its cpcity to digest nd ssimilte ingest mcromolecules nd ny impirment of this is expected to constrin growth[7]. Therefore this study designted to determine the norml ntomicl nd histologicl oservtion of smll intestine in oth mle nd femle indigenous ducks nd compred etween them. II. Mterils And Methods Birds collection nd study design: Thirtymle nd femle indigenous dult ducks (Anspltyrhynchos) including [15]from ech sexes were in this study. These irds were collected from locl supplier in Bghdd province. The verge weight of mle ducks ws (1706 gm), nd femle ducks ws (1238 gm).these ducks were divided into three equl groups, first ten used for ntomicl study: gross morphology, topogrphicl reltionship in situ nd other ntomicl oservtions nd the second used for study the lood supply of smll intestine. All ids were scrificed y decpittion nd lprotomy ws performed, the smll intestine ws lifted out of the dominl cvity fter photogrphed in situ then grossly descried nd the totl(length,weight nd volume)of smll intestine nd the(length, weight nd volume) of ech segment of smll intestine were mesured seprtely. The smll intestine comprises of three segments: the duodenum, extend from the pylorus to the pncres nd forms loop surrounding most of the pncres, the jejunum extend from the distl portion of the duodenl loop to the meckels diverticulum nd the ileum extend from the meckels diverticulum to the ileo-cecl junction, with its distl portion connected to pir cec[8]. DOI: / Pge

2 Morphologicl nd HistochemiclStudy of Smll Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Ansplyrhynchos) The length of smll intestine ws mesured fter removed nd they lid out in stright line using the Tpeline [7]. Weight of smll intestine ws tken y sensitive electricl lnce fter emptied its contents nd clened. Volume of smll intestine ws done using wter displcement method [9]. To study the lood supply of the smll intestine: After scrificing the irds, the hert ws ctheterized from the left ventricle tile the ort in order to inject the mixture of ltex with crmine. These specimens were fixed in 10% formlin solution for 2dys, then dissected very crefully [10].For histologicl study, the specimen were otined from the middle point of ech segment of the smll intestine, fixed in 10%, neutrl uffered formlin then dehydrted in scending grdes ethnol (70%, 80%, 90%, 95% nd 100%), clered in two chnges of xylem, emedded in prffin wx nd sectioned t 6 μm[11]. Different stins were used Hrris Hemtoxylin nd Eosin Stin,Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS),Vn-Gieson stin, Alcin lue [12]. The histologicl exmintion ws done y using light microscope nd photogrphed y using with(14.1 ) meg pixel power digitl cmer. Different histologicl prmeters were studied under x40 y oculr micrometer nd the following dt were recorded [13]. Different prmeters include the villus height ws mesured from the villus tip to the villus-crypt junction, while the crypts depth ws defined s the depth of invgintion etween two villi [14] nd numer of golet cells ws clculted per villus [15] ll these prmeters were done in the three segment of smll intestine. Sttisticl nlysis of dt ws performed nd used nlysis of vrince test (T- test) nd significnt differences limited on p 0.01[16]. III. Results And Discussion Antomicl Study: This study reveled tht the smll intestine ws similr in oth sexes, nd pper reltively long, smooth, uniform through entire length, light pinkish nd glistening nd consists of duodenum, Jejunum nd ileum (Fig.1). The duodenum formed U-Shped loop, with proximl descending nd distl scending lims, the pncrese lies etween the lims (Fig.2), there re three pncretic ducts opened into scending loop of the duodenum, these ducts re opened ner the two iliry ducts. Similr finding y [17] on locl ducks, ut this study disgrees with I G [18] on pied crow Coryus lus showed tht there is two pncretic ducts only. The jejunum nd ileum in oth sexes ws similr, the jejunum extend from the termintion of the duodenl loop to the meckles diverticulum while the ileum extened from mecklesdiverticulum to the ileocecl junction (Fig. 1).The jejunum nd ileum rrnged in lrge prllel U shped loops supported y mesentery in the right prt of the dominl cvity nd terminting t the ileo-cecl junction (Fig. 2). Meckel's diverticulum divide the jejunum from the ileum, this finding gree with tht oserved y[19] in chicken, ut differ from tht found y [20] who noted tht the jejunum is rrnged in numer of short grlnd-like coils t the edge of the long dorsl mesentery in the roiler chicken. In this study the mle duck hd Significntly higher ody weight thn in femle(tle1). This finding ws gree[21].the smll intestine totl weight in femle ducks ws more higher thn in mle ducks, there ws Significnt difference etween them t p 0.0 1(Tle 1).There is ppositive correltion etween the totl length of the smll intestine nd its weight, s oserved y[22]on the roiler chickens. The present study noticed the reltive smll intestine weight to ody weight in femle ws higher thn in mle. The men length of smll intestine in femle ws longer thn tht in mle ducks, there ws significnt differences etween them t p 0.01( Tle 1 ).[23]tht the sex hd significnt effect on the digestive trct. The men volume of smll intestine in femle ducks rech higher vlue thn in mle ducks (Tle1), there is significnt difference etween mle nd femle, this my e due to ppositive correltion etween smll intestine weight nd its volume. There were significnt differences etween two sexes in length of ll segments ofsmll intestine, in femle is longer thn tht in the mle. This results were in prllel with [24] they mentioned tht these fetures re connected with the mount nd type of food,sex nd species chrcteristics,housing type nd lso the current investigte tht the jejunum is the longest segment in the smll intestine (Tle 2). This finding ws ingreement with [25]. The weight of ech region of smll intestine in mle were less thn in femle(tle2), these my e relted to increse in whole intestine weight in femle thn in mle due to differences in food intke mounts[26]. The men volume of the duodenum, jejunum nd ileum in mle ws less thn in femle(tle2).there is correltion etween weight nd volume of ech segment of smll intestine, there re considerle ntomicl differences etween mle nd femle due to sex of irds. The lood supply of smll intestine in oth sexes vi the celic rtery which originte from the descending ort, the duodenum nd pncres re supplied y pncretico-duodenl rtery which is the continution of the right rnch of the celic rtery.the pncretico-duodenl rtery extend cudlly to the duodenum in the mesentery etween the descending nd scending prts of the duodenum nd give mny rnches t vrying levels to the duodenum nd pncres (Fig.3), the Proximl prt of Jejunum is supplied y duodeno-jejunl rtery which is rnch from celic rtery nd y the jejunl rteries, the rnches of the crnil mesenteric rtery tht extend in the DOI: / Pge

3 Morphologicl nd HistochemiclStudy of Smll Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Ansplyrhynchos) mesentery towrd the jejunum. The Ilel rteries rise from crnil mesenteric rtery, supplied the nterior segment of ileum (Fig.4), the medil segment of ileum is supplied y the terminl rnch of ileo-cecl rtery of pncretico-duodenl rtery. The ilel segment ner the ileo-cecl junction is supplied y nother rnches from ileo-cecl rtery which nstomos is with rnches of cudl mesenteric rtery which is rise from celic rtery.this study showed no sex specificdifferences in the lood supply of the smll intestine, s reported y[27] who mentioned tht the rnches nd distriution of the celic rtery were not gender dependent on domestic fowl. Tle(1). The comprison of ody weight, smll intestine totl weight, Smll intestine totl weight to ody Mesurement Body weight/ gm Smll intestine Totl weight/ gm Mle men ± SE ± Femle men ± SE ± Totl weight %Percentg Body weight Smll intestine Totl length/ cm ± ± 2.18 Smll intestine Totl volume /cm ± ± 1.90 The different letters in one rw denoted tht there were significnt differences etween mle nd femle indigenous ducks, in ll trits t p weight, Smll intestine totl length nd Smll intestine totl volume Tle (2). The comprison of lengths, weight nd volume of vrious prts of the smll intestine (duodenum, jejunum nd ileum) in mles nd femles indigenous ducks (Men ± SE). Intestine regions Length ( cm ) weight (gm ) Volume (cm 3 ) Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Mle men ± SE ± ± ± 0.56 Femle men ± SE ± ± ± 0.99 Mle men ± SE 4.37 ± ± ± 0.45 Femle men ± SE 6.55 ± ± ± 0.43 Mle men ± SE 4.66 ± ± ± 0.51 Femle men ± SE 6.48 ± ± ± 0.38 The different letters in one rw denoted tht there were significnt differences etween mle nd femle indigenous ducks, in ll trits t p Histologicl results nd Discussion: The generl structure of smll intestine of oth sexes ppered s uniform through its entire Length; lthough it cn e divided into duodenum, jejunum nd ileum, ll re consist of tunic mucos, sumucos, musculris nd seros. The mucosl surfce of smll intestine hs distinctive feture y the villi which vry in shpe, Length nd numer of golet cells ccording to the region of smll intestine nd y presence of the crypts of Lieerkuhn(intestinl glnds) which pper s short, simple, rnched tuulr glnds tht open inetween the villi nd occupy most of the lmin propri etween the ses of villi nd musculris mucos. Duodenum region: Height of epithelium, villus height, crypts depth. The duodenum pper similr in oth mle nd femle. The tunic mucos ws chrcterized y very long finger like villi nd crypts of lieerkuhn tht covered y simple tll columnr cells with strited order nd lrge ovl nucleus lie in the lower hlf of these cells, etween these cells scttered mucous golet cells with nrrow sl prt nd slly locted nucleus nd swollen upper prt (Fig.5).This findings gree with [28] in pigeon.the men height of columnr cells ws higher in mle thn in femle (Tle3).This indicte tht the columnr sorptive cells hve sme function in oth sexes which include n sorption of nutrients sustnce [29]. There is no significnt difference etween mle nd femle in the villus height, the longest villi re in the duodenum (Tle3), As oserved y[30]. The men crypts depth in femle ws higher thn in mle ( Tle3). The intestinl epithelil cells re chnge constntly nd compenste villi cells losses through prolifertion nd mturtion inside crypts nd upwrd migrtion. The crypts depth ws correlted with the intestinl cells turnover rte nd the increse in crypts depth indictes the need for enterocyte replcement nd higher tissue turnover [31]. The crypt depth my e n importnt fctor tht determines the ility of the crypts to sustin the increse in the villus height s well s to mintin the villus structure [32].The rtio of villus DOI: / Pge

4 Morphologicl nd HistochemiclStudy of Smll Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Ansplyrhynchos) height to crypts depth ws slightly hieghr in femle thn in mle (Tle3).The increse of villus height to crypts depth ssocited with etter nutrient sorption nd fster growth [33]. The epithelium covering the villi is continue with the crypts of lieerkuhn tht open t the ses of the villi, these crypts pper s simple, rnched tuulr invgintion. The glnds in the lmin propri pper s group of columnr cells, golet cells cells rest on the sement memrne round smll or wide lumen (Fig.6).In the sl portion of the glnds some enteroendocrine cells re present pper s pyrmidl cells, cler cytoplsm, round nucleus nd it is grnules elow nucleus nd ginst the sement memrne with rod se rest on the sement memrne nd nrrowing towrds the pex of the cell. No pneth cells re present (Fig.7).The lmin propri pperfills the spces etween the crypts of lieerkuhn nd form the core of the villi. It pper s highly cellulr of loose connective tissue nd undnt of lymphocyte tht ggregtes s lymphtic nodule. Fine elstic networks surrounding the crypts nd smooth muscle fiers extending into the villi. The musculris mucos denoted s consist of lyers of smooth muscle fiers occur in longitudinl smooth muscle lyer some smooth muscle fiers extend inside the villus, The tunic sumucos is poorly developed s to e unexistent nd ovious only where meissner plexus nd lrge lood vessel were present nd its pper s very thin lyer of connective tissue seprting the musulris mucos from the musulrisextern, nd the runner glnds re sent. As finding of[20]. The musclrisextern ws composed of smooth muscle lyer oriented in thick inner circulr nd thin outer longitudinl lyers nd etween them,auerchs plexus ws present.the lst outer lyer is the tunic seros tht pper s loose connective tissue contin lood vessels, dipose tissue nd covered y mesothelium. Jejunum region: Height of epithelium, villus height, crypts depth. The jejunum in oth sexes were similr, decrese in height of the villi tht ecome shorter thn in duodenum nd rrnged in chrcteristic zigzg pttern, some re long nd othersre short nd lef like with increse in the numer of golet cells (Fig.8).The epithelium covering the villi ws simple columnr cells with numerous golet cells tht extend to lining the crypts of lieerkuhn (Fig.9, 10). The columnr cells or sorptive cells hve columnr shped with rush order nd ovl nucleus reltively slly locted, while the golet cells ecome round s their cytoplsm ecome filled with mucigen nd ecome hydrted when the mucigen relesed (Fig.10) similr oservtion y [34]. There is no respect differences etween mle nd femle in men height of columnr cells of indigenous ducks t p 0.01 (Tle 3).This result my suggest tht there is no respect differences in the nutrient sorption cpcity of these cells in oth sexes. The villi in the jejunum re shorter thn in duodenum. The morphology of the villi ws similr to tht reported y [35]nd ccording to[36], the nutrient sorption is more efficient when villi re orgnized like this pttern thn if they re in prllel or rndomly poisoned.there ws no significnt difference etween mle nd femle in men villus height, crypts depth nd rtio of villus height to crypts depth(tle 3).[7)mentioned tht the villi nd crypts ply significnt role in finl stges of nutrient digestion nd ssimiltion.the lmin proprimusculris mucos were similr to tht found in duodenum (Fig.11).At the ses of the crypts very few enteroendocrine cells re present, they hve sme feture s in duodenum, s the oservtiony[20]. Tunic sumucos is very reduced nd pper s very thin scttered connective tissue with elstic fiers oserved only when lood vessels or miessner plexus present nd the Brunner glnds re sent,similr oservtion y [34].The tunic musculris pper s consist of thick inner circulr nd thin outer longitudinl lyer of smooth muscle fiers. Blood vessels nd nerves nd Auerch plexus present within connective tissue etween the two lyers.the outer most is the tunic seros showed s thin lyer of loose connective tissue contins lood vessels nd covered y single lyer of squmous epithelium. Ileum region:height of epithelium, villus height, crypts depth.generly, the histologicl structure of the ileum in mle nd femle ws similr nd sme s in the duodenum nd jejunum. The chrcteristic feture of surfce sorptive cells nd golet cells re the sme s in the duodenum nd jejunum. Lieerkuhn crypts were simple rnched invgintions of the epithelium round the villi nd occupy most of the lmin propri. The crypts lining were single lyer of columnr cells, golet cells nd very few of enteroendocrine cells in the se of the crypts which hve the sme fetures, of the sme cells in the duodenum nd jejunum, Similr finding y [30] There is no significnt difference etween mle nd femle men height of columnr epithelium(tle 3). This result my e due to tht in oth sexes the sorptivefunction of the enterocyte ws needed. The smll intestine of irds re known to hve high sorptive rtes for wter nd electrolytes, the movement of ions responsile for the electricl current cross the epithelium re minly result of the sorption of N+ nd the secretion Cl - [37].The villi of ileum pper s zigzg pttern, some re long, rod, with Flttened ends nd others re short with pointed ends, lef like nd some re rnched (Fig.12).The height of villi nd men crypts depth were higher in femle thn in mle(tle3). No significnt differences etween them. There ws decrese in the crypts depth from duodenum to ileum, this is comptile with [38].No differences etween mle nd femle in rtio of villus height to crypts depth(tle3), tht men oth sexes need for replcement of villus DOI: / Pge

5 Morphologicl nd HistochemiclStudy of Smll Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Ansplyrhynchos) cells nd mintin of villi. The lmin propri nd musculris mucos hve similr histologicl structure to tht found in duodenum nd iliumwith oth diffuse nd nodulr ccumultion of lymphoid tissue similr to peyres ptches (Fig. 13,14). The lmin propri lso forms the core of villi, similr finding y [20]. The tunic sumucos pper s very reduced lyer nd pper s scttered loose connective tissue ovious only where the lood vessels re present therefore the runner glnds re sent.the tunic musculris extern ws composed of thick inner circulr lyer nd thin outer longitudinl lyer, etween them nrrow connective tissue lyer contin nerve plexus nd lood vessels. lymphoid ggregtes re extend from lmin propri to the musculrisextern.as oserved previously in other irds y [39] The contrctile ctivity of smooth muscle fiers of the tunic musculris is responsile for peristlsis tht ids propelling the digest nd other mterils contined in the lumen of smll intestine[40]. Externlly the ileum is covered y thin lyer of loose connective tissue contin elstic nd collgen fiers covered y mesothelium. Numer of golet cells:there were no significnt difference etween two sexes in the numers of golet cells per villus in three segments of the smll intestine (Tle 4), ut it ws gretest in ileum nd lowest in duodenum, similr to tht noted y [41]on poultry. Histochemicl Study: PAS stin nd Alcin lue (AB). This study reveled tht the golet cells of the villi nd intestinl glnds secret oth types of mucinous sustnce, n cidic nd neutrl mucopolyscchrides s indicted y positive rection to oth PAS (Fig. 5,10) nd lcin lue (Fig.15). This finding in greement with[42]on Vrnus niloticus. The mucous lyer plys n importnt role in protecting the epithelil cells of the smll intestinl, luriction nd nutrient trnsport etween the lumen nd the rush order [15]. IV. Conclusion This study reveled tht lthough there were few histologicl differences etween mle nd femle indigenous ducks ut they were not significnt due to the sme feed intke in oth sexes nd were oth in the sme environment conditions. Tle (3). The comprison of the heights of columnr cells, villus height, crypts depth nd the rtio of villi length to crypts depth of duodenum, Jejunum nd Ileum in mles nd femles indigenous ducks (Men ± SE). mesurement μm Height of columnr cells Villus height Crypts depth Villus height Rtio Crypts Depth Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Mle men ± SE Femle men ± SE Mle men ± SE Femle men ± SE ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Mle men ± SE ± ± ± Femle men ± SE ± ± ± The different letters in one rw denoted tht there were significnt differences etween mle nd femle indigenous ducks, in ll trits t p Tle(4).Numer of golet cells per villi in the (duodenum, jejunum nd ileum ) in mle nd femle indigenous ducks. Numer of golet cells per Mle Femle villus Men ± SE Men ± SE Duodenum 15 ± ± 2.13 Jejunum 25 ± ± 3.65 Ileum 38 ± ± The sme letters in one rw denoted tht there were no significnt differences etween mle nd femle indigenous ducks, in ll trits t p DOI: / Pge

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7 Morphologicl nd HistochemiclStudy of Smll Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Ansplyrhynchos) DOI: / Pge

8 Morphologicl nd HistochemiclStudy of Smll Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Ansplyrhynchos) References [1] Bull,M.L.; Mrtins, M.R.; Cesrio, M.D.; Pdovni, C.R. nd Menedes,A.A. (2007). Antomicl Study on domestic Fowl(Gllus domesticus).int.g.morphol.,25940: [2] DeVerdl, H. dc, Mrgnon- Grsteus., Jeulin C., Bihn- Duvl E.Le., Leconte, M., Mllet, S., Mrtin, C. nd Nrcy, A., Digestive trct mesurements nd histologict dpttion in roiler lines divergently selected for digestive efficiency. Poulty Science, 89: [3] King, A. S. nd McLellnd, J. (1984). Birds: their structure nd function, 2nd. Edition, pp London: BilliereTindll. [4] Szczepnczyk, E.; Klisinsk, E.; Ligocki, M. nd Brtyzel, B. (2000): Morphometry of esophgus nd gut in en goose Anserflis. Zoologicpolonie, 45 / 1-4: [5] Trveset, A. (1998): Effect of seed pssge through verterte frugivores' guts on germintion: review, Persp. Plnt Ecol. Evol. Syst., 1(2): [6] Lvin, S. R.; Krsov, W. H.; Ives, A. R.; Middleton, K. M nd Jr, T. G. (2010)Morphomtrics of the vin smll intestine compred with tht of non flying mmmls: Aphylogenetic pproch. Phsiologicl nd Biochemicl Zoology 81 (5): [7] Liu, B. Y., Wng, Z. Y., Yng, H. M., Wng, X. B., hup nd Lu. J. (2010).Developmentl morphology of the smll intestine in Yngzhou gosling. Africn Journl of Biotechnology.Vol., (43).Pp [8] Mrtin, C. nd Nrcy, A. (2010). Digestive trct mesurements nd histologicl dpttion in roiler lines divergently selected for digestive efficiency.poul. Sci. Assocition Inc. [9] DeVerdl, H. dc, Mrgnon- Grsteus., Jeulin C., Bihn- Duvl E.Le., Leconte, M., Mllet, S., Mrtin, C. nd Nrcy, A., Digestive trct mesurements nd histologict dpttion in roiler lines divergently selected for digestive efficiency. Poulty Science, 89: [10] luluis,g.d. nd puler,d.( 2007)."The Dissection of Vertertes.Alrotry Mnul".1stEd. Elsevier Inc.,USA.,PP: [11] Lun, I. G. Mnul of histology stining methods of the rmed force institute of pthology.3 rd ed. McGrw-Hill ook Compny. New York. (1968). [12] Bncroft,J.D. nd Steven, A.(1986).Theory nd Prctic of Histologicl Techniques.2ned.ChurchillL ivingstone, Edinugh. London. Melourne nd New York. [13] Gligher, A.E. nd Kozloff, N.E. (1964)."Essentils of PrcticlMicroTechnique".1 st Ed Le nd Feiger. Phildelphi. U.S.A., p345. [14] Awd; Ghree, K nd Bohm, J. (2008).Intestinl structure nd Function of Broiler Chickens on Enterococcus fecium nd Oligoscchrides.Int. J. mol. Sci. 9, [15] Wng, T. X nd peng, K.M. (2008).Moleculr, Cellulr, nd developmentl iology.developmentl morphology of the smll intestine of Africn Ostrich chicks. Poultry Science 87: [16] Al-Mohmmed, N.T.; Al-Rwi, K.M.; Younis, M.A.nd Al-Morni, W.K. (1986).Principle of Sttistics.J. Al-MouslUniversity.Irq [17] Al- sheli, S. J.J. (2010)L Antomicl nd histologicl study of pncres in locl reed ducks (Anspltyrhynch Mllrd).M.Sc. Thesis. University of Bghdd [18] Wu, Y. B., V. Rvindrn, D. G Thoms, M. J. Birtles, nd w. H. Hendriks Influeence of method of whole whet inclusion nd xylnce supplementtion on the performnce pprent metolosle energy, digestive trct mesurements nd gut morphology of roilers. Br. Poutt. Sci. 45: [19] Jco, J.; Pesctore, T. ndcntor,. (2011): Avin digestive system. University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture. [20] AL-Nssiri,S.A.(2011). Comprtive ntomicl nd histologicl Study of digestive system in Broilr from first dy fter htch to sextulmturity.m.scthesis.university of Tikrit. [21] Yorchev, D; Dimitrov, R; Kostov, D nd Vlsiv, D. (2012).Age Morphometry of some internl orgns in common phesnt (phsinuscolchicuscolchicus).trki Journl of Sciences.Vol. 10.No. 3. [22] Teixeir, T. C. S., Oliveir, R. C. Beletti, M. E., Fernndes E. A., Sntos, A. L., Sechin, A nd Dis, EA Interferenci de minerisqueltdos no comprimento intestinl, peso o te. Emfrngos de corte (Gllus gllus domesticus, Linneus 1758).Inj. Anis 7 Encontro de Ciencivicols, universidde Federl de Uerindi Uerlndi. Mins Geris, Brsil. Pp: 25. [23] Przystlski, A. (1987): Morfometriprzewodupokrmowegoniektorychptkowwrolowtych (psserifirmes). Przeg. Zool., 31(2): [24] Borin, K.; Linderg, E, nd Ogle, B.(2006),Digestiility nd digestive orgn development in indigenous nd improved chickens nd duchs fed diets with incresing inclusion levels of cssv fet mel Journl Nutrition, 90: [25] Adeol, O. (2006). Review of reserch in duck nutrient utiliztion. Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 5(3): [26] 0Brtyzel, J. Krowicz, M., nd Brtyzel, I. A. (2005) Comprison of ody nd hert size etween the mllrd nd pechinduck.interntionl Journl of Morphology. 29: [27] Brtyzel, J. Krowicz, M., nd Brtyzel, I. A. (2005) Comprison of ody nd hert size etween the mllrd nd pechinduck.interntionl Journl of Morphology. 29: DOI: / Pge

9 Morphologicl nd HistochemiclStudy of Smll Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Ansplyrhynchos) [28] McDonld, A.A nd Hrtmn, W. (2008).Comprtive nd functionl morphology of stomch in the dult nd neworn pigmy Hippootmus (choeropsislieriensis),j. of morphology. 177: [29] Grtner, L. P. nd Hitt,J. L. (2006) Color Atls of Histology, 3rd ed.. ISBN [30] Mohmed MA, Hsssn HMA, El- Brkonky.EMA.Effect of chrcteristics of roiler chicks. J. Agri. Soc. Sci 2008; 4: [31] Oliveir MC, Rodrigues EA, Mrques Rw,. Performnce nd Morphology of intestinl mucos of roilers fed mnnnoligoscchrides nd enzymes. Arg Brs. Med. Vet. Zootec : [32] Poole. C. A., wong. E. A., McElroy, A. p.,veit, H. peund We, K.E Ontogenesis of peptide trnsport nd morphologicl chnges in the Ovine gstrointestiitrct.smllrumin. Res 50: [33] Wu, Y. B., V. Rvindrn, D. G Thoms, M. J. Birtles, nd w. H. Hendriks Influeence of method of whole whet inclusion nd xylnce supplementtion on the performnce pprent metolosle energy, digestive trct mesurements nd gut morphology of roilers. Br. Poutt. Sci. 45: [34] Al-Sheshni, A. S. Y. (2006).Antomicl nd histologicl comprtive study of limentry trct in two types of irdsgrinivorous ird, (Colum LiviGmelin, 1789). M.Sc. Thesis. University of Tikrit. [35] Pellicno ERL. Souz PA, Souz. HBA.PreioticosProioticosnnutricodeves. CiencisAgris e d Sude 2003: 2(1): [36] Ymuchi KE, Ishiki Y. Scnning electron microscopic Oservtions on the intestinl villi in growing white Leghorn nd roiler chickens from 1 to 30 dys of ge. British Poultry Science 1991; 32: [37] Gru, B. R. Avin cecum: role of glucose nd voltile cids in trnsepithelillon trnsport. Am. J. physiol. G. 1991, 260, [38] Syrfi, R; shhrooz, R.; Soltnlinejd, F. nd Rhimi, S. (2011).Histomorphometricl study of growth performnce of Broiler chickens.veterinry Reserch Forum.Vol: 2, No:1, [39] Rodrigues, M. N; Areu, J. A.; Tivne, C.; Wnger, P. G.; cmpos, D. B.; Guerr, R. R.; R. E. G. nd miglino, M. A (2012).Microscopil study of the digestive trct of Blue nd Yellow Mcws.Current microscopy contriutions to dvnces in science nd Trchnology (A. Mentez- Vils, Ed). [40] Igweuike, U. M nd Eze, U.U. (2010). Morphologicl chrcteristics of the smll intestine of the Africn pied crow (Corvuslus). Animl Reserch Interntionl 7(1): [41] Uni, Z., Smirnov, A nd Skln, D Pre- nd posthtch development of golet cells in the roiler smll intestine Effect of delyed ccess to feed.poult. Sci. 82: [42] Ahmed Y A, EL-Hfez AAE,Zyed AE (2009).Histologicl nd Histochmicl studies on the esophgus, Stomch nd Smll Intestine of Vrnusniloticus. J. Vet. Ant. Vol2:35-48 Imn Mous Khleel. "Morphologicl nd HistochemiclStudy of Smll Intestine InIndigenousDucks (Ansplyrhynchos)." IOSR Journl of Agriculture nd Veterinry Science (IOSR-JAVS) 10.7 (2017): DOI: / Pge