Lesson 11. Lesson Outline: Form and Function of the Axial Skeleton o o o
|
|
- Bernice Lee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lessn 11 Lessn Outline: Frm and Functin f the Axial Skeletn Reginalizatin f the Vertebral Clumn Bridging Design f Vertebrae Angle f the Neural Spines Height f Neural Spines Ribs and their Derivatives Sternum Objectives: At the end f this lessn yu shuld be able t: Discuss the majr design features f vertebrae listing the majr frces invlved in prducing change and the bilgical significance f the slutins. References: Chapter 8: Reading fr Next Lessn: Chapter 8: Chapter 7:
2 Frm and Functin Reginalizatin f the Vertebral Clumn In fishes the vertebral clumn is differentiated int tw regins, the trunk and the tail. The centra are undifferentiated reflecting the fact that the clumn is nt used fr supprt. The nly differentiatin is whether the vertebrae receive ribs r hemal arches. N mvement is pssible between the first vertebra and the skull. In tetrapds, the clumn supprts the bdy and receives and transmits the frces frm the limbs that generate lcmtin. Since diverse frces are placed n different parts f the clumn, nt surprisingly we see differentiatin f specialized regins. The first tw regins t specialize in early vertebrates are the cervical regin allwing sme freedm fr the head t turn independently f the bdy, and the sacral regin fr the attachment f the pelvic girdle and the hindlimbs. The Crani-Vertebral Junctin Flexibility between the skull and vertebral clumn was achieved by develpment f a mre mbile jint, and eliminating ribs in this area. The first vertebra, r atlas, is highly mdified in all vertebrates. It is missing a centrum making it ring-like. It has ne r tw cncavities at the cranial end fr articulatin with the ccipital cndyle(s) f the skull. This allws the skull t rck in a ndding mtin nly. The secnd vertebra, the axis, has a cranial extensin, the dntid prcess which is believed t be the centrum f the atlas. It prjects frward and inserts int the flr f the atlas. There is usually a reductin in zygapphyses and ribs n which the skull and atlas rck. Subsequent cervical vertebrae als have mre mbile articulatins giving rise t a highly flexible neck, which reaches its greatest in birds and turtles. The cmbinatin f 1) the atlas-axis cmplex, 2) a mbile articulatin between cervical vertebrae and 3) a large number f cervical vertebrae -give rise t a very flexible neck.
3 The Sacrum and Synsacrum In many vertebrates the sacral vertebrae have becme fused int a single sacrum. This increases the strength f the cmplex t withstand the thrust f the pelvic girdle and hind limbs during lcmtin. In birds, the demands f flight lead t fusins and flexins f different parts f the clumn. The synsacrum frms (sacrum and adjacent vertebrae fuse with the inminate (ilium, ishium, pelvis) t prduce a stable platfrm while the head and cervical spine are quite flexible t cmpensate. In tetrapds, the clumn supprts the bdy and receives and transmits the frces frm the limbs that generate lcmtin. Since diverse frces are placed n different parts f the clumn, nt surprisingly we see differentiatin f specialized regins. The trunk regin subsequently differentiates int the thraclumbar regin, which ultimately becmes the thrax and lumbar regins. The thrax has ribs and the lumbar regin des nt. In tetrapds, the clumn supprts the bdy and receives and transmits the frces frm the limbs that generate lcmtin. Since diverse frces are placed n different parts f the clumn, nt surprisingly we see differentiatin f specialized regins. The rigin f a separate, ribless lumbar regin is believed t reflect increasing speed f lcmtin n land. The presacral regin is the regin that experiences the greatest lateral flexin during terrestrial lcmtin in quadrapeds and it is thught that the ribs interfered with rapid mvement and thus they were subsequently lst. Thus, in mammals, there are five distinct regins t the vertebral clumn, cervical, thracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal. Fluid Envirnment Fr aquatic rganisms, the endskeletn des nt play much f a rle in supprt. Mst animals are clse t being neutrally buyant and their weight is supprted by the water all arund them. Terrestrial Envirnment The transitin frm water t land was accmpanied by the mechanical demands placed n the axial skeletn.
4 Fr terrestrial animals, gravity becmes a prblem. They must either rest fully n the grund r be supprted by legs. Bridging Frces acting n pillars: a) When a material bends under a lad, cmpressive frces develp alng the cncave side and tensile frces alng the cnvex side. b) When the supprtive clumn is laded symmetrically the nly type f frce experienced is cmpressive frce. c) Asymmetrical lading f the same mass causes the clumn t bend. The clumn experiences cmpressive frces and tensile frces that are greater near the surface and diminish twards the centre f the clumn. Frces acting f the spinal clumn: Since the weight f the viscera hangs frm the vertebral clumn between the tw pair f legs, the lad will tend t cmpress the bnes n ne side f the legs and stretch the bnes n the ther side (put them under tensin). These cmpressive and tensile frces can be ffset if equal, and ppsite frces are applied frm the ther directin. This is a frm f cantilevering. In the case f tetrapds, the tail acts as a cantilever at ne end and the head at the ther. Nte, the vertebral clumn itself will have frces acting t cause it t bend, placing the clumn under cmpressin n ne side. The ligaments that jin the vertebrae tgether will ppse this tendency by being placed under tensin. In the case illustrated here, the cervical vertebrae are place under cmpressin n the bttm and the ligaments running frm the back f the skull dwn the clumn ppse this frce and are placed under tensin ( as in the case f the vilin bw). The thracic and lumbar vertebrae are als placed under c mpressin n the bttm (nte the directin f the arc) and the ligaments running frm the sternum t the pelvic girdle ppse this frce and are placed under tensin. As lng as the frces are equal and ppsite, the structure is slid and stable.
5 Design f Vertebrae Angle f the Neural Spines The angle that the neural spine makes with its centrum usually reflects the frces being placed upn it. The tensile ligaments, and the axial muscles attach t the spines and exert frces n them. Muscles will attach frm bth the frnt and the back. The resultant frce placed upn the spine will be the net sum f these frces acting frm bth directins. The spines are strngest when the net sum prduces a frce that acts alng the spine twards the centrum (it is under cmpressin). Als, bnes tend t grw as a result f the frces placed n them. The net result is that the directin f the spine reflects the directin f the resultant frce impsed upn it by all axial muscles inserted n it. (Analgy: try t use a lever t pen smething and think abut hw much easier it is t use a lnger lever.) Vertebral designs incrprate mdificatins t meet mechanical prblems. In many animals the height and directin f the spines within the same vertebral clumn indicate the specialized functins served by different sectins f the vertebral clumn. Ribs and their Derivatives Agnatha have n ribs. The height f the neural spine is prprtinal t the mechanical leverage the muscles must exert t mve r stabilize the spinal clumn. T cunter increasing frces acting n a neural spine, yu culd either use larger and larger muscles, r use a lnger lever (r bth). Ribs develp in ther vertebrates as struts that can either fuse with the vertebrae r articulate with them (ne r tw heads). They prvide sites fr muscle attachment, and frm a prtective case arund the viscera. In sme fishes, there are tw sets f ribs with each vertebral segment in the trunk regin. The drsal ribs separate the epaxial and hypaxial musculature f each segment and grw ut in the hrizntal septum. The ventral ribs frm alng the lining f the celmic cavity. They are serially hmlgus with the hemal arches f the caudal regin. In sme they nly ccur in the drsal psitin while in thers they nly ccur in the ventral psitin.
6 In tetrapds, the ventral ribs are lst and the drsal ribs persist but take up the psitin f prtecting the bdy cavity. While they play a rle in lcmtin in tetrapds, they becme imprtant fr prducing respiratin. They are bicipital, having tw heads, the tuberculum and the capitulum. In amnites, in the thrax, the ribs cnsist f tw parts, a cstal rib that articulates with the vertebrae, and a sternal rib that ften articulates with the sternum. The latter may remain cartilagenus. This cmbinatin f vertebrae, cstal and sternal ribs and sternum, frms a basket that prtects the thracic viscera. Sternum This structure is absent in fish and first appears in tetrapds. It is derived frm either the ribs r the pectral girdle and becmes assciated with bth. It has evlved independently several times and cnfers stability t weight bearing girdle elements. Its size is a functin f the extent t which the frlimbs are used fr lcmtin. It serves fr flight muscle attachment in birds.
BEGINNER NOVICE OBEDIENCE. Beginner Novice Class ---replacing the old Sub Novice A, B, and C1 & C2.
BEGINNER NOVICE OBEDIENCE Beginner Nvice Class ---replacing the ld Sub Nvice A, B, and C1 & C2. Reasns: T make the first divisin f class mre accessible t all members in their first year f training. T remve
More informationMANAGEMENT PRACTICES (Handling)
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (Handling) Handling: Sheep & gats at Shne Farm are t be handled quietly, calmly and humanely in rder t prevent stress and fr handlers t gain desired results. It is best fr a handler
More informationStress-free Stockmanship
Stress-free Stckmanship Autr: Jep Driessen Date: June 2017 Bergharen, the Netherlands Inspired by Bud Williams, Texas. Prbably the best cattle stckman ever. Online training n Stress-free stckmanship Sign
More informationLesson Plan. Grade Level
Lessn Plan Lessn Title Eclgy f Msquites Grade Level 5 th grade Tpic Msquites Lessn time 45-55 minutes Materials Required Digital micrscpe Eclgy f Msquites PwerPint (available here) Msquit Life Cycle Kit
More informationUnderstanding Puppy Nipping Physical exercise Puppy playtime Human playtime Chew deterrents Shunning/Freezing/Yelping Techniques
Understanding Puppy Nipping Physical exercise Puppy playtime Human playtime Chew deterrents Shunning/Freezing/Yelping Techniques DEFINITIONS Nipping - really quick bites with frnt teeth with a small amunt
More informationAnatomy. Name Section. The Vertebrate Skeleton
Name Section Anatomy The Vertebrate Skeleton Vertebrate paleontologists get most of their knowledge about past organisms from skeletal remains. Skeletons are useful for gleaning information about an organism
More informationTESTING APPLICATION CHANGES WITH IMPRIVATA ONESIGN
TESTING APPLICATION CHANGES WITH IMPRIVATA ONESIGN This dcument describes a suggested apprach t testing applicatin changes with Imprivata OneSign befre incrprating them int yur prductin envirnment. The
More informationHow To... Why maintain broiler breeders within their thermal comfort zone post-brooding?
Hw T... Their Thermal Cmfrt Zne Why maintain briler breeders within their thermal cmfrt zne pst-brding? The thermal cmfrt zne is the temperature range within which a bird des nt have t expend energy in
More information5.1. What do we need to know before we start planning a canine rabies control programme?
5.1. What d we need t knw befre we start planning a canine rabies cntrl prgramme? Yu need t knw abut: The epidemilgy f rabies in yur area The reservir species in yur area Hw rabies is transmitted. This
More informationAgriculture: Animal Health Technology. o Work Experience, General. o Open Entry/Exit. Distance (Hybrid Online) for online supported courses
SECTION A - Curse Infrmatin 1. Curse ID: 2. Curse Title: 3. Divisin: 4. Department: 5. Subject: 6. Shrt Curse Title: 7. Effective Term:: AGHE 65 Veterinary Radigraphy Natural Sciences Divisin Agricultural
More informationActivity 7: A Journey Through Time
Activity 7: A Jurney Thrugh Time Summary Students explre the histry f Whping Crane restratin effrts and the imprtance f imprinting by watching a DVD, creating a timeline, and writing a fictinal stry. Objectives
More informationOfficial Swine Ear Tags
Official Swine Ear Tags Swine Identificatin 101: Understanding Swine Ear Tag Requirements Due t a cntinued emphasis n livestck traceability within state and federal agencies and the livestck industry,
More informationCoordinators. or F For Mary enjoys math, for it is challenging. RESULT/CAUSE
Crdinatrs As a cllege student, yu are expected t write cmplex sentences that are lgically related. We use special jining wrds crdinating and subrdinating cnjunctins t jin sentences and shw the lgical relatinship
More informationThe Effect of Various Types of Brooding on Growth and Feed Consumption of Chickens During the First 18 Days After Hatch
The Effect f Varius Types f Brding n Grwth and Feed Cnsumptin f Chickens During the First 18 Days After Hatch H. G. BAEOTT AND EMMA M. PRINGLE Animal Husbandry Divisin, Bureau f Animal Industry, Agricultural
More informationIELTS SPEAKING: SAMPLE ANSWERS Part 2 & 3
IELTS SPEKING: SMPLE NSWERS Part 2 & 3 (Individual lng turn & tw-way discussin) Q 11. Describe yur favrite animal. Yu shuld say, What kind f animal it is Brief descriptin f it Why yu like the animal My
More informationDefini:ons of Plagiarism
Strategies fr Aviding Plagiarism: Paraphrasing and Summarizing Heather McWhinney, 2017 This wrk is licensed under a Creative Cmmns Attributin-NnCmmercial- ShareAlike 4.0 Internatinal License. Defini:ns
More informationRevolution is an easy-to-administer, all-in-one flea treatment for cats and dogs that simply works inside and out for a full month.
What is Revlutin? FOR CATS: Revlutin is an easy-t-administer, all-in-ne flea treatment fr cats and dgs that simply wrks inside and ut fr a full mnth. Revlutin is extremely effective in keeping cats safe
More informationNeonatal Phase (1-2 weeks)
Puppy Develpment: Enrichment and Scializatin Often we hear the key wrds enrichment and scializatin, but what d they actually mean? Hw d we enrich and scialize ur puppies? Are there crrect and incrrect
More informationAPPLICATION FOR LIVE ANIMAL USE IN TEACHING AT COASTAL ALABAMA COMMUNITY COLLEGE
APPLICATION FOR LIVE ANIMAL USE IN TEACHING AT COASTAL ALABAMA COMMUNITY COLLEGE MARK WITH AN "X" EST THE BOX FOR ONE OF THE FOLLOWING AND TYPE YOUR CURRENT PROTOCOL NUMBER IF NEEDED: New applicatin Amendment
More informationLife Long Health for Your Dog
Life Lng Health fr Yur Dg We at Lee Veterinary Clinic are grateful that yu chse ur clinic t help care fr yur pet. ur recmmendatins t keep yur pet healthy and happy fr many years t cme! Belw are Vaccinatin
More informationGUIDE TO THE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE STANDARD
GUIDE TO THE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE STANDARD Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relatinship (VCPR) Published: July 2016 Revised: April 2017; Nvember 2017 Intrductin The Cllege s Prfessinal Practice Standard: Veterinarian-Client-Patient
More information2.3 Rubber boots, or boots that fully cover the foot (not sandals!) and preferably are at least 10 inches (25 centimeters) high
EMIA Snakes & Scrpins S3EMIA-313-ATT10 1.0 Hazard 1.1 Snakes have the ability t inject venm. A bite frm a venmus snake, which may inject varying degrees f txic venm, is rarely fatal but shuld always be
More informationEarly Language and Intercultural Acquisition Studies Multilateral EU-Comenius-Project E L I A S
Shannn Thmas, Suzanne Akerman Petra Burmeister, Michael Ewig, Julia Kögler Early Language and Intercultural Acquisitin Studies Multilateral EU-Cmenius-Prject www.elias.bilikita.rg Table f Cntents General
More informationGreat Dane Barri. Standard of Great Danes. FCI-Standard No 235 / / GB DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD:
Great Dane Barri Standard f Great Danes FCI-Standard N 235 / 09. 08. 2002 / GB GREAT DANE (DEUTSCHE DOGGE) ORIGIN: Germany. DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD: 13.03.2001. UTILIZATION:
More informationHind Leg Paralysis. By Suz Enyedy
Hind Leg Paralysis By Suz Enyedy Special Thanks are given t Burbn, Teresa (Dancing), Chris (glidrz5), and Jen (Xfilefan) fr their assistance t me in cmpiling infrmatin fr this article. Als knwn as HLP,
More informationThe Global Momentum for AMR Moving from Knowledge to Action
The Glbal Mmentum fr AMR Mving frm Knwledge t Actin Cmbating Antimicrbial Resistance: A One Health Apprach Natinal Academy f Medicine Washingtn DC 20 June 2017 Keiji Fukuda Since 20th century t nw Intense
More informationHastings Grade 1 Spring 3/09. GRADE 1 SPRING NATURE WALK What Animals Need to Survive
1 GRADE 1 SPRING NATURE WALK What Animals Need t Survive OBJECTIVES: Observe seasnal changes in schlyard since winter. Discver hw seasnal changes affect animals. Learn abut rbins and ther birds. Discver
More information1 '~; c\ 1.Introduction
CHAPTER - H 1 '~; c\ REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OP GERBILS V RETRIEVAL OP YOUN& 1Intrductin 'Retrieval 1 r carriage f straying r fallen yung t the nest by 1actating mthers, frms an Imprtant cmpnent f the maternal
More informationrabbit care 101 Brother Wolf thanks you! This basic care guide will help you keep your pet healthy and happy. You ll learn about:
rabbit care 101 This basic care guide will help yu keep yur pet healthy and happy. Yu ll learn abut: Prper diet Handling Husing, Litter bx training, and rabbit prfing Rabbit behavirs and hw t identify
More informationAgriculture: Animal Health Technology. o Work Experience, General. o Open Entry/Exit. Distance (Hybrid Online) for online supported courses
SECTION A - Curse Infrmatin 1. Curse ID: 2. Curse Title: 3. Divisin: 4. Department: 5. Subject: 6. Shrt Curse Title: 7. Effective Term:: AGHE 54 Veterinary Office Prcedures Natural Sciences Divisin Agricultural
More informationChimera: Usability Test
Chimera: Usability Test Date f Reprt: Date f Test: Lcatin f Test: Octber 7, 0 Octber 5, 0 Bstn, MA Prepared fr: Timthy Bickmre Email: bickmre@ccs.neu.edu Prepared by: Email: Hudsn Klebs & Bryan Swrds klebs.h@husky.neu.edu
More informationDriven Woodcock Shoots at Cong
30 Driven Wdcck Shts at Cng PETER CAMPBELL Frest and Wildlife Service, Cng, C. May. INTRODUCTION The ld traditinalists bast f the prized "Driven Wdcck Shts" at Cng Frest and it is nw pretty well accepted
More informationGulval School Pets in School Policy. June 2016
Gulval Schl Pets in Schl Plicy June 2016 Cntents 1. Missin Statement... 2 2. Intrductin... 2 3. Lking after a schl pet... 3 4. Handling Animals... 3 5. Diseases, parasites and allergies.... 4 6. Animal
More informationAll red dogs should have a training plan: READ IT BEFORE YOU TAKE OUT THE DOG.
Whatcm Humane Sciety Pack Leader Training Trainer: Kerry Mitchell, CPDT-KA Email: kerryclairev54@gmail.cm Dgs at the shelter are here temprarily. It is ur jb t help keep them exercised, stimulated and
More informationWater You Looking At
Light Blue Clur Grup Water Yu Lking At Time: 15 minutes Activity Overview: The Heart lake bardwalk is used fr this hike and scavenger hunt. Students are led alng the bardwalk and are instructed t lk fr
More informationCentennial Museum Lesson Plan
Centennial Museum Lessn Plan UTEP Curse: MSED 4311- Teaching Science in Intermediate and Middle Grades Designers: Jsephine Talamantes, Gabriel Brunda, Mayra Cruz 1. Lessn Title: El Pas Ecsystem & Fd Chain
More informationPolicy updates on Malaria Vector control
Plicy updates n Malaria Vectr cntrl Side event n DDT at the 7th COP Geneva, 5 May 2014 1 Crdinating Internatinal Investments in Malaria Vectr Cntrl GPIRM 2012 2013 Maintain and prmte up-t-date evidence
More informationMEDICAL CENTER WIDE POLICY AND PROCEDURE MANUAL Fontana & Ontario Medical Centers Policies & Procedures
Sectin: Infectin Cntrl Medical Center Wide Departmental Subsectin(s): General Guidelines Title: Revisin Date: 4/85, 1/87, 2/88, 5/91, 4/92, 5/96, 5/98, 5/00, 6/02, 3/03, 11/03, 5/04, 11/04, 8/05, 10/05,
More informationLYME DISEASE THE BIG PICTURE
Lyme Disease Fact Sheet LYME DISEASE THE BIG PICTURE Lyme disease is the fastest-grwing vectr-brne disease in the nrthern hemisphere. Fr 2012, the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin (CDC) recrded 30,000
More informationAgriculture: Animal Science-General Subjects. o Work Experience, General. o Open Entry/Exit. Distance (Hybrid Online) for online supported courses
SECTION A - Curse Infrmatin 1. Curse ID: 2. Curse Title: 3. Divisin: 4. Department: 5. Subject: 6. Shrt Curse Title: 7. Effective Term:: AGAN 51 Animal Handling and Restraint Natural Sciences Divisin Agricultural
More informationVBS FOLLOW UP CONFERENCE PLAN (1 HOUR)
VBS Fllw Up Cnference Plan 1 VBS FOLLOW UP CONFERENCE PLAN (1 HOUR) Purpse Statement This teaching plan is designed t intrduce VBS leaders t effective strategies fr fllwing up with individuals and families
More informationENGLISH HOMEWORK 2. How high can you jump? If you are like most people, you can probably jump one or two feet high.
ENGLISH HOMEWORK 2 Hw high can yu jump? If yu are like mst peple, yu can prbably jump ne r tw feet high. Hw high d yu think the wrld's best jumper can jump? A man named Javier Stmayr set the wrld recrd
More informationAnimal Form and Function. Amphibians. United by several distinguishing apomorphies within the Vertebrata
Animal Form and Function Kight Amphibians Class Amphibia (amphibia = living a double life) United by several distinguishing apomorphies within the Vertebrata 1. Skin Thought Question: For whom are integumentary
More informationRegulating breeding and sales of dogs to minimize dog abandonment, animal abuse and over-breeding
Regulating breeding and sales f dgs t minimize dg abandnment, animal abuse and ver-breeding Animals Asia Fundatin Animal Welfare Directr David Neale Ideally a dg ppulatin shuld be regulated t meet the
More informationCREATE A MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE ROUTINE MAKE UP SHEET
CREATE A MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE ROUTINE Date: Perid: Guidelines Develp a rutine with the gal f imprving muscular strength and endurance fr yur whle bdy using different pieces f equipment. Include
More informationFd Micrbilgy MODULE 4 - FOODBORNE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AND THERMAL DESTRUCTION Objective On cmpletin f this mdule, participants will be able t: Identify the primary public health cntrls fr sme bacteria
More informationCREATE A MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE ROUTINE MAKE UP SHEET
CREATE A MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE ROUTINE Date: Perid: Guidelines Develp a rutine with the gal f imprving muscular strength and endurance fr yur whle bdy using different pieces f equipment. Include
More informationA Pan-Canadian Framework on Antimicrobial Resistance. Presentation to the National Farmed Animal Health and Welfare Council November 30, 2016
A Pan-Canadian Framewrk n Antimicrbial Resistance Presentatin t the Natinal Farmed Animal Health and Welfare Cuncil Nvember 30, 2016 PURPOSE Purpse T prvide an update n the develpment f a Pan-Canadian
More informationC.A.R.E. Pet Adoption Application & Contract
This sectin fr C.A.R.E. Use Only Puppy Dg Kitten Cat Pet s Name: Estimated DOB (r age): Breed: Clr: Micrchip #: Male Male/Neutered Female Female/Spayed Adptin Fee: $ Ntes: Cntact Infrmatin First Name:
More informationWhy talk about this now?
Why talk abut this nw? Imprved animal safety means: Reduced stress n cattle Imprved grwth rates Imprved reprductive perfrmance Better able t fight disease Imprved chute safety means: Faster t get the jb
More informationSafe Work Method Statement. Mouse Blood Collection
Flinders University Safe Wrk Methd Statement Muse Bld Cllectin Versin 6 Cllege f Medicine and Public Health Animal Facility SWMS Number RA Number RA Scre Cntents The SOP Muse Bld Cllectin cntains the fllwing
More informationA STUDY OF RUTTING OF ALABAMA ASPHALT PAVEMENTS
A STUDY OF RUTTNG OF ALABAMA ASPHALT PAVEMENTS Final Reprt Prject Number ST 219-9 by Frazier Parker, Jr. E. Ray Brwn Auburn University Highway Research Center Auburn University, Alabama spnsred by The
More informationBiology 204 Summer Session 2005
Biology 204 Summer Session 2005 Mid-Term Exam 7 pages ANSWER KEY ***** This is exam is worth 10% of your final grade****** The class average was 54% Time to start studying for your final exam!!! The answer
More informationAnimal ID Entry 4HOnline HelpSheet
Lg in t 4HOnline: Open a web brwser and type in: https://iwa.4hnline.cm On the Iwa 4-H Yuth Develpment Lg In page: 1. Click "I have a Prfile." 2. Enter family email address prvided t Extensin Office. 3.
More informationNADIS Parasite Forecast November 2018 Use of meteorological data to predict the prevalence of parasitic diseases
SQP CPD Prgramme As part f AMTRA`s nline CPD Prgramme fr livestck SQPs, each mnth AMTRA will send yu the Parasite Frecast which will highlight the parasitic challenge facing livestck in yur area fr that
More information1 Grade 1 Winter Hastings GRADE 1 WINTER NATURE WALK Animals and What They Need to Survive
1 Grade 1 Winter Hastings 2009 OBJECTIVES: GRADE 1 WINTER NATURE WALK Animals and What They Need t Survive Observe seasnal changes in schlyard since fall. Learn what happens in winter t animals typically
More informationSMALL ANIMAL ORDINANCE Ordinance Amendments Section V.V Keeping of Animals
MEMO Date: Nvember 4, 2013 T: Alexandria Twn Bard Frm: Ben Olesn, Hmetwn Planning Zning Administratr, Alexandria Twnship Re: Zning Administratr s Reprt Dear Twn Bard Members: The Planning Cmmissin held
More informationCITY OF NAPERVILLE Transportation, Engineering & Development (TED) Business Group
CITY OF NAPERVILLE Transprtatin, Engineering & Develpment (TED) Business Grup FAST TRACK CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS (COA) APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS The Transprtatin, Engineering and Develpment (TED)
More informationHow To... Why bulk weigh broilers between 0 and 21 days?
Hw T... Bulk Weigh Brilers Between 0 and 21 Days Why bulk weigh brilers between 0 and 21 days? Rutine accurate estimates f average bdy weight allws: Accurate mnitring f live flck perfrmance. Identificatin
More informationIn healthcare settings, hand hygiene is the single most important way to prevent infections.
Infectin Preventin & Cntrl Manual 2. HAND HYGIENE Hand hygiene (HH) is a general term referring t any actin f hand cleaning. Hand hygiene relates t the remval f visible sil and remval r killing f transient
More informationANIMAL EMBASSY PROGRAM ANIMAL GUIDELINES
MARYLAND WILDERNE ANIMAL EMBASSY Revised March 2017 Animal Department BIOSECURITY Animal Ambassadrs travel ff-site, s they must be hused separately frm the main cllectin and kept in a mdified quarantine
More informationAnimal ID Entry 4HOnline HelpSheet
Lg in t 4HOnline: Open a web brwser and type in: https://iwa.4hnline.cm On the Iwa 4-H Yuth Develpment Lg In page: 1. Click "I have a Prfile." 2. Enter family email address prvided t Extensin Office. 3.
More informationVBS 2016 Adult-2 Hour Base Conference
VBS 2016 Adult-2 Hur Base Cnference Purpse Statement This tw-hur plan is designed t train and equip Adult VBS Leaders t cnduct LifeWay s Submerged VBS 2016. Resurces t Cllect, Prepare, & Cpy Resurces t
More informationFederal Junior Duck Stamp Program Conservation Through the Arts
Federal Junir Duck Stamp Prgram Cnservatin Thrugh the Arts Adpt-A-Duck Wd Duck Curriculum Intrductin Objectives: Describe the viewpint f a dabbling duck while dabbling underwater thrugh grup discussin,
More informationRELEASED UNDER THE OFFICIAL INFORMATION ACT 1982
Page 1 f 10 DOLI 6 Summary f Evidence Hamiltn City Cuncil Re: Fatal Tiger Attack n 20 September 2015 Samantha Lynda KUDEWEH File: 5582962 Intrductin Hamiltn Z Curatr, Samantha Lynda KUDEWEH was killed
More informationThe Beef Herd Health Management Calendar
The Beef Herd Health Management Calendar, a cmputerized publicatin authred by Flrn C. Faries, Jr., DVM and Wayne H. Thmpsn, is available fr purchase n cmpact disk (CD-ROM) by cattlemen thrugh the AgriLife
More informationThe Effects of Egg Incubation Temperature on Post-Hatching Growth of American Alligators
CHAPTER 51 The Effects f Egg ncubatin Temperature n Pst-Hatching Grwth f American Alligatrs Ted janen ', Larry Mclvease ' and Mark W. J. Fergusn'' CHAPTER 51 r\ The Effects f Egg ncubatin Temperature n
More informationSEVERAL PARKING LOT PAVING PROJECTS UNDERWAY
SEVERAL PARKING LOT PAVING PROJECTS UNDERWAY West Center Parking Lt Prject Lading Dck Parking Lt and Wdshp Parking Lt: Asphalt placement at cntainer, crack seal & seal cat September 7 and striping n September
More informationVertebrate Locomotion: Aquatic
Vertebrate Locomotion: Aquatic Swimming Nearly all vertebrates can swim Sole form of locomotion for fish and larval amphibians Primary swimmers Terrestrial vertebrates that readapt to aquatic life still
More informationMammalogy Laboratory 1 - Mammalian Anatomy
Mammalogy Laboratory 1 - Mammalian Anatomy I. The Goal. The goal of the lab is to teach you skeletal anatomy of mammals. We will emphasize the skull because many of the taxonomically important characters
More informationFOSSIL SALAMANDERS AND SALAMANDER ORIGINS
AMER. ZOOLOGIST, 5:319-334 (1965). FOSSIL SALAMANDERS AND SALAMANDER ORIGINS RICHARD ESTES Dept. f Bilgy, Bstn University, Bstn, Massachusetts SYNOPSIS. Recent (mstly unpublished) wrk indicates that the
More informationDurham E-Theses. Social especially agonistic behaviour in the pigeon. Spiteri, Nello, J.
Durham E-Theses Scial especially agnistic behaviur in the pigen Spiteri, Nell, J. Hw t cite: Spiteri, Nell, J. (1975) Scial especially agnistic behaviur in the pigen, Durham theses, Durham University.
More informationBACS kitten information session 4/1/13
BACS kitten infrmatin sessin 4/1/13 Welcme Intr t Hpalng Intr t Hpalng/BACS partnership Hw animals get t BACS Kitten Seasn What is kitten seasn? Why d we need fsters? What is fstering abut? Time frame
More informationASFA Process for Fee Concession and Fee Exemption for VIC VET Funding Contract
ASFA Prcess fr Fee Cncessin and Fee Exemptin fr VIC VET Funding Cntract ASFA has an enterprise agreement with tw rganisatins (Australian Administratin Services) and (Superpartners) and as part f the VIC
More informationHonors English: Summer Break Reading Requirement
Hnrs English: Summer Break Reading Requirement Fr yur Hnrs Summer Reading Assignment, get a cpy f the bk fr yur grade level. Bks and resurces fr btaining them are listed belw. As yu read, yu will be asked
More informationThis facility has two approved variances on file with the Department, ATCP 16.18(1) and ATCP 16.20(3)(c)3.
Ridglan Farms, Inc. License type: Dg Seller (Dg Breeder/ Dg Breeding Facility) Breed(s): Beagle Website: http://www.ridglan.cm Hurs f peratin: Upn appintment Previus inspectin: 9/24/2014 (rutine) Veterinarian/
More informationEllen Jefferson, DVM Executive Director Austin Pets Alive
Ellen Jeffersn Ellen Jeffersn, DVM Executive Directr Austin Pets Alive Had tried N Kill in 2000. Decreased euthanasia frm 85% t 50% 50% euthanasia rate was static since 2001 Massive Spay Neuter Effrts
More informationCMG GardenNotes #315 Key 2 Key to Insects Orders
Clrad Master Gardener sm Prgram Clrad Gardener Certificate Training Clrad State University Extensin CMG GardenNtes #315 Key 2 Key t Insects Orders Ntes: This key cvers insect rders cmmnly and ccasinally
More informationAustin, TX. Getting to No Kill. from the perspective of Austin Pets Alive! Ellen Jefferson, DVM Executive Director Austin Pets Alive!
Getting t N-Kill: Different Cmmunities, Different Mdels Austin, Texas Dr. Ellen Jeffersn Austin, TX Getting t N Kill frm the perspective f Austin Pets Alive! Ellen Jeffersn, DVM Executive Directr Austin
More informationCMG GardenNotes #314 Key 1 Key to Insects Associated with Gardening
CMG GardenNtes #314 Key 1 Key t Insects Assciated with Gardening Ntes: This key cvers insect rders cmmnly assciated with gardening and landscape maintenance. Key 2 includes additinal rders. This simplified
More informationCOAT COLOURS DESCRIPTION
COAT COLOURS DESCRIPTION There are several thusands f cat clurs amng the cats. This nmenclature is a cmprmise between lgic, which allws sme systematic, and traditin, which allws t be understd by the majrity.
More informationUpdate on Wound Management in the Horse Annette M McCoy, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVS; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine
Update n Wund Management in the Hrse Annette M McCy, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVS; University f Illinis Cllege f Veterinary Medicine Intrductin Wunds are amng the mst cmmn reasns fr equine patients t be seen by
More informationSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES LABORATORY ANIMAL RESOURCES (LAR) COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY (CSU) LAR SOP #LF 001 Version: 1. Signature: Effective Date:
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES LABORATORY ANIMAL RESOURCES (LAR) COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY (CSU) LAR SOP #LF 001 Versin: 1 Categry: LAR Frms Title: Animal Transfer Request Frm Apprved by: Ln Kendall DVM,
More informationVBS 2018 ADULT VBS EXTRAS CONFERENCE PLAN (1 HOUR)
VBS 2018 Adult VBS Cnference Plan 1 VBS 2018 ADULT VBS EXTRAS CONFERENCE PLAN (1 HOUR) Purpse Statement This ne-hur plan is designed t equip Adult VBS leaders t engage churched and unchurched adults using
More information4-H Livestock Quality Assurance Program
Survey # 4-H Livestck Quality Assurance Prgram We wuld like t ask yu sme questins abut yur experience in the 4-H prgram. This infrmatin will help us make sure future prgrams are really gd. This will take
More informationPrevalence and risk factors for limb and claw lesions and lameness in young sows
Prevalence and risk factrs fr limb and claw lesins and lameness in yung sws A. J. Quinn 1, 2, L. E. Green 2, A. L. Kilbride 2, L. A. Byle 1 1 Pig Develpment Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innvatin
More informationPET FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM
PET FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM MISSION The gal f this prgram is t stp the surrender f pets due t the wner s financial inability t prvide care. We particularly want t help lw-incme senirs, the disabled,
More information'Rain' of dead birds on central NJ lawns explained; Federal culling program killed up to 5,000 Associated Press, January 27, 2009
'Rain' of dead birds on central NJ lawns explained; Federal culling program killed up to 5,000 Associated Press, January 27, 2009 Study May Give Hope That Ivory-billed Woodpeckers Still Around Science
More informationRecursion with Turtles
Turtle Graphics Recursin with Turtles Pythn has a built-in mdule named turtle. See the Pythn turtle mdule API fr details. Use frm turtle imprt * t use these cmmands: CS111 Cmputer Prgramming Department
More informationExpenses as per current volunteer arrangements
Educatin Vlunteer Rles and respnsibilities Educatin Vlunteer rle descriptin Rle Descriptin Expenses Hurs: Lcatin: Respnsible t: Educatin Vlunteer Expenses as per current vlunteer arrangements Variable
More informationThe Rookery FIRST EDITION! Inside
FIRST EDITION! Winter 2016-17 The Rkery Activity Bk fr Seattle Audubn Yuth Members Jkes and Puzzle Answers Make smene laugh tday! Puzzle Answers (dn t peek!) Inside Dear Adults...2 Let s G Birding!...3
More informationANOPHELES SUNDAICUS IN SINGAPORE
Vl. 10, N. 1. SINGAPORE MEDICAL JOURNAL 57 March, 1969. A STUDY ON ANOPHELES MACULATUS AND ANOPHELES SUNDAICUS IN SINGAPORE By K. L. Chan (Entmlgist, Vectr Cntrl Unit, Ministry f Health, Singapre.) INTRODUCTION
More informationYolo County Animal Services Governance Study
Attachment 4 Yl Cunty Animal Services Gvernance Study Staffing, Prgramming, and Budget Prjectins t Cnsider a New Mdel fr the Prvisin f Animal Services Public Review Draft (with changes nted) September
More informationEVENT BIOSECURITY PLAN TEMPLATE/CHECKLIST
EVENT BIOSECURITY PLAN TEMPLATE/CHECKLIST NAME OF THE EVENT ADDRESS OF THE VENUE DATES OF FIRST ARRIVALS AND LAST DEPARTURES FROM / / TO / / EVENT ORGANISER & PHONE NUMBER EVENT BIOSECURITY MANAGER EMERGENCY
More informationANIMAL CARE PROTOCOL SUMMARY Greyhound Friends, Inc., Hopkinton, MA August, 2018
ANIMAL CARE PROTOCOL SUMMARY Greyhund Friends, Inc., Hpkintn, MA August, 2018 Greyhund Friends has thrughly rewrked ur existing staff and vlunteer prtcls, nt nly t ensure cmpliance with state regulatins
More informationexamined in dogs from Boksburg
32 Table 3.1 Number and results f bld samples and adhesive tape swabs examined in dgs frm Bksburg Test Number tested Number psitive Percentage (%) Thin bld smears (Diff Quick) 132 1 (Babesia canis).8 Thick
More informationBOWMAN GRADE 1 WINTER NATURE WALK Animals and What They Need to Survive
Grade One Winter Page 1/14 BOWMAN GRADE 1 WINTER NATURE WALK Animals and What They Need t Survive OBJECTIVES: Observe seasnal changes in schlyard since fall. Learn what happens in winter t animals typically
More informationAgenda Item 4 CX/AMR 17/5/5 September 2017
E Agenda Item 4 CX/AMR 17/5/5 September 2017 JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME AD HOC CODEX INTERGOVERNMENTAL TASK FORCE ON ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE Fifth Sessin PROPOSED DRAFT REVISION OF THE CODE
More informationLabour Providers Survey 2016 A seasonal labour monitoring tool for Horticulture and Potatoes
Page 1 Circulatin: NFU Hrticulture and Ptates Bard Date: 06/11/16 Ref: Labur Prviders Survey 2016 Q1-Q3 Cntact: Amy Gray Tel: 02476 858 628 Labur Prviders Survey 2016 A seasnal labur mnitring tl fr Hrticulture
More information~~ Always check PAWS for the most current due dates & times! ~~
BUSN1300: Persnal Finance (nline) 2017 Spring Schedule Page 1 f 5 Spring 2017 BUSN 1300 Sectin L01 Schedule Ntes: Althugh this nline class *NEVER* meets in the classrm, studies have shwn that students
More information