(Pisces, Siluriformes, Callichthyidae)

Transcription

1 The South Americn Plted Ctfish genus Aspids R. v Iherg, 1907, descriptis ne new species from Brzil (Pisces, Silurifmes, Cllichthyide) by H. Nijssen & I.J.H. Isbrücker Institute Txomic Zoology, University Amsterdm, The Nerls Abstrct The South Americn cllichthyid ctfish genus Aspids R. v Iherg, 1907, is redefed bsis thirteen noml species. Mphologicl differences relted genus Cyds Lcépède, 1803, re discussed. Two species iglly described Cyds, viz., Cyds rimundi Cyds pucirditus re here trnsferred Aspids. Aspids now csists followg previously described noml species: (1) Aspids rochi R. v Iherg, 1907 (typespecies genus), known from Brzil, Cerá, Ftlez, (2) Aspids rimundi (Stedchner, 1907) from Aspids Brzil, Mrnhão, Prníb system, (3) lkoi P. de Mir Ribeiro, from 1949, Brzil, Ms Geris, Prníb system, (4) Aspids pucirditus (Weitzmn & Nijssen, 1970) from Brzil, Goiás, Argui system. Ne new species from Brzil re described here: (1) Aspids lbter from Goiás, Tocntzh, (2) Aspids brunneus from M Grosso, Serr do Rcd, (3) Aspids crvlhoi from Cerá, Gurmirng, (4) Aspids eurycephlus from Goiás, Córego Vermelho, (5) Aspids fuscogutttus from M Grosso, Córrego Cguho, (6) Aspids mculosus from Bhi, Itpicurú system, (7) Aspids menezesi from Cerá, Slgdo system, (8) Aspids poecilus from M Grosso, upper Xgu, from Goiás, Argui, (9) Aspids spilotus from Cerá, tributry Acráu, from Cchoeir do Gusmão. In dditi se noml species mteril is described figured under provisil designti Aspids ff. poecilus. These my represent n species, but re not fmlly nmed. s lso Cllichthys Hoplosternum, by hvg pirs nuchl pltes between occipitl bse dsl; occipitl plte nerly truly hexgl, posteri ngle not much The hed is rr produced. elevted, not depressed, rounded frt wht compressed lterlly. The ccoid pltes entirely hidden by sk. Brbels sht, not rechg gillopengs. Type: Aspids rochi " Gosle (1940: 10) published followg dignosis Aspids: "Hed compressed. Lower lip reverted fm sgle pir brbels beside rictl brbels [his fig. 3], Rictl brbels rechg bout level gill openg. Eye me less superi. Subbitl nked. Ftnel smll, roundish, its length equl bout hlf dimeter eye. Suproccipitl fmg brod, sht tringle posterily. Nuchl pltes brely meetg lg midle between suproccipitl zygous predsl plte. Abdomen between pecrl fs completely covered flesh. Dsl 1,7, its bse wht shter thn its distnce from dipose. Cudl fked. One species; nstern Brzil." In his key gener fmily Cllichthyide, Gosle (op. cit.: 5) distguishes Aspids from both Cyds Brochis Cope, 1872, by followg chrcters: "Femost pltes upper lterl series, i.e., nuchl pltes, meetg lg midlebetween INTRODUCTION occipitl dsl; bdomen between pecrl bses entirely covered flesh; ftnel smll, R. v Iherg published bilgul igl dignosis Aspids, English prt which reds (1907: 30): "This new genus is pprently closely relted Cyds, but differg from it, roundish." Wht Gosle clled Aspids rochi ( sme mteril identified s A. rochi by Ellis, 1913) ctully represents new species, here described s Aspids mculosus.

2 bsed 108 H. NIJSSEN & I. J. H. ISBRUCKER THE GENUS ASPIDORAS Knck (1966: 365), while describg Cyds pygmeus s new species, noted tht: "Nch der Z. noch z. im llgemeen benutzten Systemtik der Cllichthyiden v Gosle (1940) miirte diese Art der Gttung Aspids zugednet werde Auf Grund vliegender Untersuchungsergebnisse lfet sich diese Gttung nicht ufrecht erhlten, so dk die Art pygmeus dem Genus Cyds zugeschrieben wurde. Ee usfuhrliche Diskussi und Begridung iiber den Ezug der Gttung Aspids wird eer spteren Arbeit erfolge" To our Knck knowledge, never published this tended pper. Hoedemn (1952) Gosle, 1940 united Aspids, Brochis, Cyds subfmily Cydde Hoedemn, 1952 (fmg ger Cllichthye Gill, 1872, fmily Cllichthyide Gill, 1872). He split Cydde tribes, Cyddidi Cyds Brochis, Aspiddidi Aspids. We prefer omit discussi higher clssificti (bove generic level) fmily Cllichthyide until suitble comprtive nmicl vestigtis hve been ccomplished. The mjity species we recognize [IU1 MNRJ MZUSP NMW RMNH [SU1 UMMZ USNM ZMA bd bw c dbs dcp Indin University (mteril now CAS). Museu Ncil, Universidde Federl do de Jneiro, de Jneiro. Museu de Zoologi d Universidde de So Pulo, So Pulo. Nturhisrisches Museum, Vien Rijksmuseum vn Ntuurlijke Hisrie, Leide Stnfd University now (mteril CAS). University Michign, Museum Zoology, Ann Arb, Mich. Ntil Museum Nturl Hisry, Wshgn, D.C. Instituut vo Txomische Zoologie (Zoologisch Museum), Amsterdm. depth, mesured from nteri edge zygous predsl scute verticlly ventrl edge ventrolterl scute(s) (where Cyds ccoid is exposed); dult femles berg ripe eggs bulgg belly is not cluded;expressed s rtio si. width, mesured between pot just nteri pecrl spe sertis; expressed s rtio si. width "ccoid re", mesured between ventrl edges nterimost ventrolterl scutes; expressed s rtio hi. number dsolterl scutes (except smll scutes t posteri end cudl peduncle). lest depth cudl peduncle; expressed s rtio hi. Aspids show greter similrities thn h! hed length, mesured from snout tip differences. Four hundred were vilble f exmti. We scribed m thirteen noml species. We relize tht lbo (ethmoid) highest pot gill openg; expressed s rtio si. length by bit, hiztlly mesured; expressed s rtio hi. results presented this publicti hve not Ids length dsl f spe, mesured be csidered clercut solutis problems spe verticl positi from juncti we were fced. Mny t h were collected lg time go, we hve wit freshly collected mteril describe m detils colour ptterns. The m Ips bses dsl spe predsl scute spe tip; expressed s rtio si. length pecrl spe, mesured spe pressed lg from rticulti pot spe its tip; expressed s phometric meristic dt represented rtio si. br digrms (figs. 17 through 19) were tken from limited number dult, f mny re juvenile, hence not useful ps number predipose scutes, is number middsl scutes nteri dipose f spe, which is fct modified middsl scute thoughnot cluded count. f compris dult si strd length, mesured from snout tip species. (ethmoid) juncti posteri edges lst counted scutes cudl ABBREVIATIONS USED AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS sn peduncle; expressed mm nerest tenth, snout length, mesured from snout tip CAS Clifni Acdemy Sciences, Sn Frncisco, (ethmoid) nerest nteri edge Clif. by bit; expressed s rtio hi. [CM) Crnegie Museum (mteril now FMNH). vbs number ventrolterl scutes (except DNOCS Deprtmen Ncil de Obrs Ctr s smll scutes t posteri end cudl Secs, Ftlez, Cer. peduncle). FMNH Field Museum Nturl Hisry, Chicgo, 111. wi lest width terbitl, is lest IRScNB Institut Royl des Sciences Nturelles de Bel distnce between dsl bders bit gique, Brussels. ech side; expressed s rtio hi.

3 not species BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 46 (I ) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS me dsl f rys (1017 Brochis gst 68 (usully 7) Cyds). F l / exchnge we like express our grtitude followg collegues: Dr. R. M. Biley & Dr. R. R. Miller (UMMZ); Dr. M. Boesemn (RMNH); Dr. R. A. Brg (DNOCS); Dr. H. Britski (MZUSP); Dr. A. Leito de Crvlho (MNRJ); Dr. W. N. Eschmeyer & Miss P. Sod (CAS); Dr. J. Gery, StCyprien, Ddogne; Dr. J. P. Gosse & Mr. E. Wlscherts (IRScNB); Dr. R. K. Johns (FMNH); Dr. P. Khsbuer (NMW); Dr. S. H. Weitzmn (USNM). Mr. L. A. vn der Ln (ZMA) mde phogrphic illustrtis. Figs. 2 3 were drwn by Mrs. M. P. Bkry (USNM); fig. 5 by Dr. S. H. Weitzm Dr. Weitzmn lso kdly red mnuscript discussed ( lit., 6 25 November, 1975) sttus genus Aspids. An greement our opi tht Aspids is distct from Cyds is not implied. Aspids comprises smll sized species, up 41.8 mm strd length (Aspids menezesi ), smll eyes sht dsl pecrl spes. In hbitus, ll but e species (Aspids poecilus ) re Cyds Brochis species thn tringulrly depressed hed shpe. Too much emphsis unlike mjity roundish rr ir trnsverse hs hir been lid up chrcteristic nuchl pltes meetg lg midle between occipitl process dsl f spe, distguish Aspids from Cyds. The positi nuchl pltes (i.e., meetg not meetg) Aspids R. v Iherg, 1907 Aspids R. v Iherg, 1907: (igl dignosis, English Ptuguese; typespecies, by igl designti motypy, Aspids rochi R. v Iherg, 1907). is n sufficient chrcter distguish Aspids from Cyds, s species Aspids nuchl pltes re seprted lg midle by suproccipitl process 16n), like most ll Cyds. Little is known evoluti Cl Aspids is esily distguished from ll cllichthyid gener (Cyds, Brochis, Dinem, Cllichthys, Hoplosternum) by possessi crnil ftnels. The nteri (frtl) ftnel round slightly ovl shpe lichthyide refe it is specultive discuss phylogenetic reltiships. F exmple, we do not know wher presence suproccipitl ftnel (pit) Aspids represents reted primitive chrcter shred lwys penetrtes ro skull, wheres unknown ncestrl cllichthyids tht it is posteri (suproccipitl) ftnel is closed dult, levg smll roundish shllow pit. specilized chrcter process closg skull. If chrcter is primitive ( presence frtl prietl ftnel is csidered In 400 exmed thirteen primitive f ostriophysn fishes), n it is species we ssign genus Aspids bsiclly similr structure skull ro ws found. The this chrcter is vribility smll. Ne Cllichthyide show this structure no termedite structure ws found 100odd species relted genus hrdly defendble recognize Aspids s tx different from Cyds ccdg Hennigin cldistic pproch. On h, ne known cllichthyid gener shres, this chrcter, so it might be csidered specilized chrcter. We re unble t moment use Cyds. this chrcter f mkg phylogenetic Cyds, Brochis, Dinem possess sgle, open ftnel much lrger fr me elgte thn frtl ftnel Aspids commissurl br nterily. Cllichthys Hoplosternum hve roundish frtl ftnel fmen nteri commissurl br smll fmen posteri it. Aspids is most closely relted Cyds ferences, but certly it is useful ssemble thirteen species which possess suproccipitl pit seprte genus. Not expled by R. v Iherg. Most probbly Aspids is derived from Lt "sper", meng rough, hrsh, from uneven, Greek 8op, meng sk, hide. There is well Lcepede, 1803 Brochis Cope, Brochis known generic nme Silurifmes, Ds L differs from Cyds mg s by hvg cepede,1803.

4 THE One 110 H. NIJSSEN & I. J. H. ISBRUCKER GENUS ASPIDORAS Tble I. Mphometric chrcters mm nerest tenth, counts primry type species Aspids. si bd bw Ids lps hi sn lbo wi c dcp D P, A P 2 C dbs vbs ps rochi ,7,i i,5 i,6 1,9 7/ rimundi I,7,i i,6 ii,5 1,9 7/ lkoi ,7,i i,6 i,5 1, pucirditus ,6,i i,5 i,6 1,7 7/ lbter ,7,i i,6 ii,5 1,8 7/ brunneus ,7,i i,6 ii,5 1,9 7/ crvlhoi I,7,i i,5 ii,5 1,9 IP eurycephlus ,7,i i,5 ii,5 1,9 7/ fuscogutttus ,7,i i,5 i,5 1,8 7/ mculosus I,7,i i,5 ii,5 1,8 7/ menezesi I,7,i i,5 ii,5 1,9 7/ poecilus I,7,i i,5 ii,5 1,8 7/ spilolus I,7,i i,5 i,5 1,9 7/ A = nl f; C = cudl f; D = dsl = f; P, pelvic f; P 2 = pecrl f. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ASPIDORAS b. Body irregulr oblique mrblg; length dsl spe si. Aspids ff. poecilus l. Snout length 2.5 me hi; length pecrl spe less c. Body me less roundish spots; length dsl thn 4.5 si: number dso ventrolterl me spe thn 5.8 si 10 scutes 23/20; dsl f spe 6 ry split its bse st rys, lst 10. Dsl f usully cspicuous, tringulr drk blotch... Aspids rimundi (Stedchner, 1907) Aspidspucirditus (Weitzmn& Nijssen, 1970) b. Snout length 2.1 less hi; length pecrl spe me b. Dsl f out cspicuous, tringulr drk blotch 11 thn 4.5 si; number dso ventrolterl 11. Length pecrl spe me thn 8.0 si; terbitl scutes 25/22 me; dsl f spe 7 st width less thn 2.0 hi; length dsl spe me thn rys, lst ry split its bse 2 2. Dsolterl scutes lgitudl solid drk 9.5 si Aspids eurycephlus i b. Length pecrl spe less thn 8.0 si; terbitl b Aspids brunneus width me thn 2.0 hi; length dsl spe less thn b. Dsolterl scutes out lgitudlsolid drk b 3 3. Body bout 4 distct oblique brs Aspids lbter b. Body colour mrkgs out colour 9.5 si Length dsl spe me thn 7.3 si; length pecrl me spe thn 5.7 si; depth si; width si; 3 4 predipose scutes Aspids mculosus mrkgs 4 b. Length dsl spe less thn 7.3 si; length pecrl 4. Body distct drk midlterl blotches 5 spe less thn 5.7 si; depth si; b. Body out distct drk midlterl blotches 6 width si; 5 6 predipose scutes 5. Lengthby bit 5.3 me hi; width 3.8 si; Aspids menezesi 6 predipose scutes Aspids rochi R. v Iherg, 1907 b. Length by bit 5.0 less hi; width 3.9 me si; 3 4 predipose scutes Aspids rochi R. v Iherg, 1907 (figs. 1, 15b, 16, 1720) Aspids spilotus 6. Body out colour pttern Aspids crvlhoi b. Body colour pttern 7 7. Length by bit 6.5 me hi; 6 (usully) me predipose scutes Aspids lkoi P. de Mir Ribeiro, 1949 b. Combti length by bit number predipose scutes not s Body mrbled rows smll roundish drk spots (lckg juveniles)... Aspidsfuscogutttus b. Body mrbled, out rows smll Aspids rochi R. v Iherg, 1907: 3034 (igl descripti; typeloclity: "Ftlez, cpitl Stte Cerd"; lectype Deprtmen de Zoologi, Secretri d Agricultur, So Pulo, MZUSP 2195); Eigenmnn, 1910: 402 (listed); A. de Mir Ribeiro, 1911: (descripti, fter R. v Iherg); A. de Mir Ribeiro, 1918: 720 (listed; pprently syntypes; Ftlez); Fowler, 1954: 46 (references, prt); Britski, 1969: 206 (descripti; designti lectype). Mteril exmed. (lectype, designtedby Britski, 1969: 206), MZUSP 2195, si 39.9 mm, Brzil, Cer, roundish drk spots 9 9. Body irregulr oblique mrblg; length Ftlez, 03 45' S, 38 35' W, coll. F. Dis d Roch, 11905; e (prlectype), MZUSP 5300, si 37.8 mm, sme dt s dsl spe si Aspids poecilus lectype.

5 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE Fig. Descripti. 17 broken is spe broken re wheres lec over both Also tht still good prlec pecrl f bout f ry. mentl ovl wht nked. rechg from nteri f pecrl sht Two ft, very midle "I 34) lcohol eye. modertely ftnel terccoid mute de posterily. 1)., disppered R. descripti drk rounded bove here it s cudl 32 R. sttes: descripti y s Iherg v full gretly dmg re typicl." v Iherg, 1907: 34 Except shdg colour v spots s f lg pttern Iherg (1907: hs Dis d Roch (R. 35). bei rimundi Vicri fter lterl le runs, light below; severl flnks; prllel it, 1907) 1720) Stedchner, den 1910: (listed; (listed; 1954: light (igl welches Prnhyb mundet."; lectype Regn, key NMW 1912: p. 14); Gosle, (listed); Nijssen, 1970: (descripti, 1913: Ellis, p ); Gosle, 1945: ); Eigen ); p. Stedchner, key 8485 Bchchen, (listed); (listed; plced Cyds brbtusgroup ). rymundi; p. 5 s der Stigchel, descripti 1946 & 1947: "type", 130 which is "holotype"). exmed. NMW Mrnho, Vn nme; (misspellg listed ti), : dem (listed); fter key, 1940: 21 Mteril Museum, Vienn, 403 Fowler, 131 Stedchner; Cyds English prt operculum (Stedchner, descripti; typeloclity: " follows: "Generl colour bove, rimundi Aspids (figs. 23, 15c, 16b, Nturhisrisches from lectype described colour light middle mrkgs; sht re ossifictis, defite ish prlectype. igl nl dsl series little spots." pge dsl cudl fs ed both light crossle; subterml give cnnot drk Cyds Sk isolted completely bse, footnote little mrg spe Anteri number size 46 (?) oblique In nke ventrl fs pl; which fm spots t seems, from united frt tht Pecrl side. severl drk b irregulr cudl, beg mnn, Colour Lectype. pirs rictl brbels, lger 15b). 16). numerous cresg (figs. nostrils brbel verticl edge serrted rictl beyd Inner frt brbels, (upper) In hour Mr. Frncisco lectype. Snout Only shpe nl middle lost completely f bse pelvic re, pecrl (unbrnched) pelvic fs pelvic pr Dsl f rys lectype. bse ner observe we cditi. The dsl f po cudl f is lmost first tip Both. rech rys 19. bdly dmged, lthough re type f both fs re dt tble I meristic (1) Iherg, through lectype rochi R. v Aspids Mphometric figs. 1 DIERKUNDE, 46 (ex t mouth One (lectype, NMW brook 46794), by present design si 25.5 mm, emptyg Brzil, Prnib t

6 112 H. NIJSSEN & I. J. H. ISBRUCKER THE GENUS ASPIDORAS Al Prnib (fmerly Vicri), 09 08' S, 45 56' W, coll. F. Stedchner, 26/29VI1903; sixty (prlectypes), NMW (e), NMW (fiftye), ZMA (ne, ex NMW 46794), RMNH 7962 (e, this specimen hs erreously been csidered "holotype" by Vn der Stigchel, 1946 & 1947: 5), si mm, sme dt s lectype. f spe. Inner edge pecrl f spe strgly serrted 15c). Anteri ftnel elgte ovl 16b) lectype most shtovl prlectypes, prlectypes. Sk terccoid re severl isolted mute ossifictis, decresg number size posterily. Descripti. Colour lcohol (figs. 23). Stedchner Mphometric meristic dt tble I (1907: 85) describes colour pttern s: "3 figs. 17 through 19. Dsl pecrl spes Reihen lnglicher Fleckchen v gruvioletter distctly shter thn djcent rys. Snout frt nostrils nked. Two sht mentl brbels, pirs lg rictl brbels, which my rech (s lectype) well beyd bse pecrl Frbung lngs der beiden oberen Hohendrittel des Rumpfes. Schwnzflosse quer gebert. Ee fst schwrzliche, schrf bgegrenzte Bde lngs der Hohenmitte der Ruckenflosse, zu Fig. 2. Aspids rimundi (Stedchner, 1907). Lectype, mle. Fig. 3. Aspids rimundi (Stedchner, 1907). Prlectype, femle,nmw 46794, sl 32.6 mm.

7 BUDRAGEN weilen nicht gnz bis zum DE TOT DIERKUNDE, 46 hteren Flossenre colour Ground hed tend spots be In between producg be, eyes drk ple Brbels ll ple tn tringulr blotch, dsl spe., spe drk drk mute poste ple snout bse lg, f spots, me Pecrl, pelvic, less me f fmg less rys ir do Estdo Ribeiro, Ms perhps P. nmed Khsbuer, Nomenclturl note. Stedchner (loc. sure he 1949 Ribeiro, Mir 1949: Ribeiro, Fzend Groto, de de 8 Ms Geris, Crego Cchoeir, Municipio MNRJ Jneiro, (listed; d Geris"; n holotype P. 5292); holotype flest do , fig. de Museu de Mir potypes: Groto, n fzend d Cchoeir, Pssos). Mteril mm, exmed. Gre, d One Ms Brzil, Fzend (holotype), Geris, pequeno crego Cchoeir, Municipio IX1945; twentythree (potypes), fter Brzilin s lit.) (), Descripti. si MNRJ flest n de MNRJ mm, coll. C tributry do coll. Pssos, si 5292, Prn system, Groto, C. Lko, (twentye), Lko, describg hd t lest did he this 17 not hd species. exct h while stte t We re sixtythree syntypes Fig. 4. through distctly cit.) Mphometric figs. iglly Unknown, number de 1959: Ncil, brs. pigment. P. Pssos, drk nrrow, nl fs out sistnt (Dr. from descripti; typeloclity: "Pequeno c6rrego flest ZMA lkoi Aspids tip, oblique lkoi P. de Mir Aspids hlfwy spe usully verticl Stigchel described ws (figs. 4, 15d, 16c, 1720) regulr, Vn der Probbly, species no Vn s sgle specime drk pigment bout this ws tn bout t re Anyhow, Cyds rimundi, ssumed. tht (igl membrne. Cudl Stigchel f lgitu suproccipitl over igtg Adipose der thought. unpigmented proment speci Belly ple tn, out drk pigment. f Dsl t over h. t selected melnophes colour ri dsum hed. Dsum. rrnged dl ptter No msk present but dense ple distributed spots operculum cleithrum., mens irregulr reexmed we holotype reichend." Smll, (1) Aspids quite tht meristic dt 19. Dsl shter thn tble pecrl djcent rys. f opengs ftly lkoi P. de Mir pirs lg rictl ventrlly. serrted Ribeiro, brbels, Inner 15d). Holotype. edge rechg Snout frt nostrils nked. Two sht mentl I spes brbels, gill pecrl spe Anteri ftnel el

8 P. One Ground 114 H. NIJSSEN & I. J. H. ISBRUCKER THE GENUS ASPIDORAS gte ovl, slightly rhomboidl s Sk 16c). terccoid re nked out ossifictis. collected holotype potypes (P. de Mir Ribeiro, 1949: 143). Colour lcohol 4). de Mir Ribeiro (1949: 144) describes colour pttern s: "O colido fundmentl e isbelo, sendo que s plcs, especilmente ns extremiddes, mostrm mculs cstnhs que, vists em cjun, precem fmr um trj o lgo d lh lterl e mculs irregulrmente disposts sobre o cpo; cbecj irregulrmente mnchd de cstnho, mis crregdo pr o focho. Aspids pucirditus (Weitzmn & Nijssen, 1970) (figs. 5, 15e, 16d, 1720) Cyds U6" Axelrod et l., 1967: F (colour phogrph). Cyds pucirditus Weitzmn & Nijssen, 1970: , figs. 5, 6e (igl descripti; typeloclity: "Brzil, 51 04' W), ner Argui Arun (14 58' S, Gois"; holotype United Sttes Ntil Museum, Dsl e dipos escurs n bse, sendo que Wshgn D.C., USNM ). primeir com pts cstnhs sobre os rios; Mteril exmed. (holotype), USNM , si 23.2 nl com um mcul cstnh n bse, pos o primeiro rio, tendo os demis mnchdos em su metde, fmo um trj nquel regio. Os rios de cudl, com mnchs cstnhs, rrumds prlelmente em seis fils." Holotype. Ground colour yellowish. Lrge, irregulr, lterntg (iglly drk?) blotches ll over sides. Adipose spe prt membrne drk. Dsl f smll dots. Dsum pecrl f ish. Pelvic fs Anl f pl. rr lrge bsl dot, followed by tn which is followed ze, by drk tn oblique ze. Tips nl f Cudl f rys pigmented. broken f f greter prt, but, ccdg rr good phogrph this specimen published igl descripti, mny smll dots, rrnged bout four me less regulr verticl les. Topotypes. Ground colour hed ple t Cudl fs gretly dmged ll. By prts hed ple ish. Body mrbled light st checkerbd pttern. Dsl f unpigmented, light spots st rys, membrne between spe first ry pigmented. Adipose f times ft smll light dot ner bse spe. A few spots my occur dsum pecrl f rys, but mostly this f is evenly pigmented light, it is unpigmented. Pelvic fs pl. Anl f bse out ft blotch. Nmed hour Mr. Crlos Lko, who mm, Brzil, Gois, Argui ner Arun, 14 58' S, 51 04' W, coll. H. R. Axelrod, 1960; e (prtype), USNM , si 22.6 mm, sme dt s holotype;, ZMA , si mm, qurium, dted by F. Wolter, X1970; e, ZMA , si specimen, dted 1963, died XII1968. Descripti mm, qurium by R. ws Suhr, specimen impted Mphometric meristic dt tble I figs. 17 through 19. Two pirs rictl brbels e pir mentl brbels. Inner edge pecrl spe strgly serrted 15e). Ftnel round, 0.7 mm dimeter holotype prtype, enclosed by frtls 16d). Sk terccoid re nked. Colour lcohol 5). hed ple colour t No msk but present melnophes dense between eyes over suproccipitl be, producg drk colour dsum hed. Dsum posteri snout ple 7 8 moderte sized spots tringulr pttern e end tringle t snout tip. Smll spots (s fig. 5) rrnged over sides hed. Spots tend be rrnged ler lgitudl pttern, ech row occurrg 6 10 scutes. Posteri end ech row cverges wrd juncti between dso ventrolterl scutes. Thus posterily, dsl rows spots cverge ventrlly wrd ventrl rows spots which cverge dslly. The effect vguely resembles series posterily potg chevers. This cn best be seen live colour phogrph prtype pge F " Cyds U6" Axelrod et l. (1967). Belly ple tn, out drk pigment. Dsl rictl brbels, ventrl rictl brbels white.

9 One Ground BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 46 (I) Fig. 5. Aspidspucirditus (Weitzmn & Nijssen, 1970). Holotype. Brsil, 11974; eleven (prtypes), MZUSP (four), USNM (five), ZMA (), si mm, sme dt s holotype. Dsl f lrge bsl blck blotch, rys membrne e distl nrrow hiztl bs. Pigment se bs cfed f rys. Adipose f pigment dslly both type; dipose spe blck pigment. Pecrl pelvic fs out drk pigment. Anl f e rows pigment, cfed f rys fmg b. Cudl f bout five rows nrrow blck brs, third from nteri b beg drkest. Distl br lmost not distguishble. Pigment cfed f rys. In three dditil (ZMA ) distl hlf pelvic f rys ber blckish pigmentti; three hve drk pecrl spes. Descripti. Mphometric meristic dt tble I figs. 17 through 19. Dsl pecrl f spes distctly shter thn djcent rys. Snout frt nostrils nked. Two sht mentl brbels, pirs rictl brbels, lgest (dsl) rechg little beyd verticl from posteri mrg eye. Inner edge pecrl f spe fely serrted 150 Anteri ftnel round 16e). Sk terccoid re numerous isolted mute ossifictis. Colour lcohol 6). colour hed ple t Four lrge, irregulr, From Lt "pucus" meng few, oblique, lmost solid blck drk blotches, smller, me less "rdius" meng ry sun spoke isolted dots lg dsum. Dsum hed drk wheel, hence rys f. In reference few, operculum dsum snout mrbled tn drk grey. Cleithrum even grey dsl pecrl f rys (Weitzmn & Nijssen, 1970: 130). Aspids lbter (figs. 6, 15f, 16e, 1720) except f white re just superi pecrl f spe bse. Bse dsl f rys grey pigment most ; dsl f rys e hiztl rows grey dots. Adipose f spe Mteril exmed. (holotype), MZUSP 12991, si 35.6 mm, Brzil, Goids, Tocntzh ner So Joo d grey, dipose f membrne unpigmented. Cudl f (dmged ll ) three Alinp, 14 46' S, 47 30' W, Tocnts system, coll. G. few me rr brod verticl irregulrly

10 116 H. NIJSSEN Fig. curved brs. mented; Pecrl nl f diffuse spot & 6. I. Aspids fs pelvic ft pigment vribly extendg J. H. ISBRUCKER lbter unpigfmg bout THE GENUS Holotype. rod 1965; ASPIDORAS ChvntCsximb, five (prtypes), ZMA mm, (e), si sme coll dt s hlfwy E. J. 17VIII Fittku, (four), USNM holotype. rys. Descripti. The specific "lbus" "ter" Mphometric nme meng is derived white, meng blck, from from llusi Lt figs. Lt this colour 17 through descripti sl djcent ptter re pecrl f Aspids brunneus mm, exmed. Brzil, M dt tble I ll shter thn frt nostrils brbels, nerly nked. pirs lg f D juveniles. spes distctly used gill rictl opengs One Inner ventrlly. (figs. 7, 15g, 16f, 1720) Mteril rechg six pprently Snout rys. Two sht mentl brbels, meristic 19. The (holotype), Grosso, Serr do ZMA , si 20.9 km 125 Rcd, Fig. 7. Aspids ly serrted slightly ccoid brunneus edge pecrl 15g). rhomboidl re nked. Holotype. f spe strg Anteri ftnel 16f). Sk lg ovl ter

11 BIJDRAGENTOTDE Colour lcohol hed ple 7). Ground Upper hlf t DIERKUNDE, 46 colour solid Mteril downwrds bout le, curvg irregulrly re lternted ple tn ventrl hlf. Ossified prts hed drk distributed f drk drk followed by ly nked prt, ple f my six blotch The A R. S , si The Pecrl ft fs unpigmented nl XII1947; dt s drk shter e ZMA (prtype), holotype. f. Aspids rochi R. v Pelvic most Sk pecrl f Aspids species), brbels, rechg eye. centre spe strgly Anteri ftnel elgte terccoid Inner serrted ovl 16g). ossifictis, re decresg isolted severl number pos terily. 8). umber ll devoid lterl who posteri edge hour crvlhoi ly pigment spots ccentrted light is lmost species lg Leito de scutes. Chefe kdly species Aspids Ground colour This chromphes; scutes, do Museu Mir Acude over. few drk isolted mute ner Cerd, 8. such length fs Cnbrv, Gurmirng). Fig. rr sht rictl Crvlho, ( prt; listed; Brsil, lg comprtively twice verticl through edge Nmed de Snout drk, twny, P. spes f rys. mrkgs. djcent nked. Two (bout Colour lcohol Iherg, 1907]; thn brdos [n tble I pecrl 15h, 16g, 1720) dt meristic Dsl pirs mute usully h). drk colour ptter ervlhoi frt nostrils drk is derived from Medievl (figs. 8, Ribeiro, sme through completely nme 1959: tip. dmged re lrge, 17 figs. Aspids si 5230, Mphometric brbels speci three oblique Lt "brunneus" meng dusky, llusi Menezes, mentl brbels specific MNRJ (holotype), Agude Cnbrv, Gurmirng, Distl re. tips rr Descripti. yellowish de One Cerd, 22.3 mm, distctly pigment; most hlf posteri drk, irregulr Dsl is situted lower n cudl f. unpigmented. by spe irregulrly first three rys, ber drk pigment Cudl f les. bse unpigmented is followed rys mens. this snout chromphes. t tn, dsl f rys Adipose ll blotch 1 exmed. cudl f bse. Ventrl side ner this colour midlterl , Brzil, mm, coll. drk (1) sent us Aspids Holotype. Dr. Ncil, mny Anten Deprtmen l. de de Verte Jneiro, vrious

12 118 H. Aspids eurycephlus 15i, 16h, Mteril exmed. Brzil, mm, Vermelho bout 15 (prtypes), 25.4 mm, CAS H. ISBRUCKER ds dt s THE CAS (holotype), Tocnts coll. (five), ASPIDORAS GENUS Holotype. Aspids fuscogutttus C. Ternetz, ZMA si , Crego system, Alms, tributry W, Mrnho, 26XII1923; (e), si six 20.0 holotype. Mteril mm, exmed. Brzil, Ccei?o do (holotype), One d Tres si MZUSP Prn H ' W) Britski, 28XII1968; twenty si , system, Crego Lgos (20 46' S, coll. MZUSP (five), Grosso, Tbodo, (prtypes), ZMA M estrd Cguho, four 10, 15k, 16i, 1719,21) (figs. One Gois, sme J. 1720) 49 30' S, I. Aspids eurycephlus 9. Fig. (figs. 9, & NIJSSEN through mm, (neteen), dt sme s holotype. Descripti. Mphometric figs. dt 19. Dsl through 17 distctly meristic shter thn f pecrl djcent I tble spes Snout rys. frt nostrils nked. Two sht mentl brbels, pirs rictl lg shrivelled ll. f spe modertely ftnel round terccoid re bdly thn fifty Aspids ff. rems ti no yers those ovl pecrl 15i). Anteri 16h). Sk 17 All doubt s seven result distctly mrkgs The Aspids poecilus poecilus. Three little hve dic oblique le. nme is derived from eiipiu meng brod, wide, from KopXri meng terbitl. hed, llusi its thn djcent rys. f I spes Snout pecrl lg rictl brbels, rechg f spe rechg serrted Inner rictl lmost edge re gill f pecrl Anteri 15k). ; brbels bse slightly opengs spe fely ftnel Sk 16i). terccoid elgte re severl isolted mute ossifictis. Colour lcohol hed hed, opercles, most le drk Greek blotches wide irregulr 10). Ground sides nrrow, solid down fwrd from mrkgs: (1) lg rr midle, (2) eye. three kds lrge, irregulr mediumsized, wht ft blotches dsum colour Dsum sides t re is runng Greek ple snout mrbled. In Dsum specific pirs oblique shter pecrl remi, found verticl dt tble frt nostrils nked. Two sht mentl brbels, ovl There re, how n meristic 19. Dsl me preservti. through shter, cudl f rys, nrrow nked. 9). fded, light ever, niscent edge Mphometric figs. ventrlly. Colour lcohol re Inner serrted slightly wht brbels, Descripti. just just below bove

13 BIJDRAGEN TOT 10. Fig. ventrum, smll roundish regulr, rrnged rows which quite be cn (1) 19.0 (si 22.3 Holotype. 394, pi. XXVI Zg, 1945: smllest 74 speckles shded bsent re nerly bsent.. yellowish Colour, pttern f Dsl number Mteril drk, Serr mostly distributi f over usully elgte dots, rys smll membrne. drk spots, fmg up three Adipose centrl me zigzglike rrnged less bse; spots ner usully unpigmented. pecrl t its few such Pelvic fs rio Itpicuru, Bhi, FMNH [ex 3457] Ellis, D. (prtypes), FMNH XXVI pi. FMNH 54810, 54810] CM ex CAS 3457] sme dt FMNH CM [ex Brzil, Bhi, is [IU] si mm, mm, S, four 3); fig. (e), 11 (this specimen Jcob, 8XI1907 s 3455], bout (prtypes), (), holotype; si bout rrnged Hsemn, 6XI1907; CM D. 3456], si 33.7 mm, Hsemn, Lt "fuscus" meng dusky, drk, swrthy, from Lt spotted, meng dppled, speckled, "gutttus" llusi (prtype), e Brzil, Bhi, FMNH mculosus colour ptter 17 meristic dt 19. Dsl through pirs opengs spe Zg, [n R. coll. J. tble I lg thn ovl (s djcent rictl ventrlly. pecrl f rys. Snout fig. 16k). edge gill pecrl f 151). Anteri Sk brbels, brbels, rechg Inner spes ftnel terccoid nked. Colour lcohol XXVI rochi shter serrted elgte (figs. 11, 151, 16k, 1719,21) Aspids J. [ex Mphometric re Aspids coll. 7XI1907. Descripti. distctly from CM three 21.0 Agu Brnc, frt nostrils nked. Two sht mentl derived ZMA [ex fs is Pii, strem from nme Brsil); [ex CM Bhi, Bom Fim Hsemn, 1913, [ex Itpicuru, smll, rocky, rpid FMNH (e), 33.4 J. (holotype), Brzil, figs. specific Pii); Gosle, oblique les. The ( light mute, irregulr times spots, 1913; 10 nrrow ft spots hve distl end rys. Dsum ish pigmentti, drk lso coll. D. les. Anl f do One mm, figured bout regulr verticlly 37.2 W, vrible dsl dot. Cudl f series mute drk bci Jcob between 40 30' wht by Ellis, Agu Brnc, 1940: ( prt; references). exmed. si 3457], hedwters vrible m detils. highly recded from Gosle, third Upper dsum just below scutes, (mteril listed Pii); 1954: 46 Fowler, lterl 3 fig. (listed; se mm) In. DIERKUNDE, 46 Aspidsfuscogutttus series (3) speckles, DE v Iherg, 1907]; Ellis, 1913: ple fig. 3). t Body 11; see lso Ellis, 1913, pi. Ground colour hed severl isolted roundish

14 120 NIJSSEN & I. H. J. H. ISBRUCKER mculosus Fig. 11. Aspids wht midle ner irregulr lgitudl lterl wht lrger thn s. mens hiztl Dsl four ft, fs Poco Cer, irregulr elgte f f. membrne preserved re out presumbly hed durg Generlly, unpigmented 69 yers). Pecrl pigmentti. pigment colour pttern coll. Slgdo system, Reddo, R. S. de dos Menezes, CcAs t Cr, XII1945. speci irregulr verticl les smll spots Anl rys. dsum. Holotype. Brzil, scutes mute spot. Cudl f up times rrnged THE GENUS ASPIDORAS Descripti. Mphometric Pelvic In rows. f nrrow ( be mrkgs. Adipose out tend spots those spots, f 17 figs. through dsl f spes Snout rys. mentl Inner gte nked Aspids mculosus resembles ovl presumbly lso distctly shter pirs (figs. I thn djcent lg rictl brbels, just beyd gill opengs ventrlly. edge serrted dt tble frt nostrils nked. Two sht brbels, rechg meristic 19. Pecrl f pecrl 15 mn). Sk 161). juveniles, spe modertely Anteri ftnel el terccoid few isolted re mute ossifictis dults. tht A. rimundi. Colour lcohol The specific "mculosus" llusi is nme derived meng spotted, from Lt dppled, pied, dmged hed, hed csistg regulr Aspids (figs. 12, menezesi 15 mn, Mteril exmed. Brzil, 39 25' W, tributry Menezes, 1945; (twentye), dt s One Cer, (holotype), left bnk twentysix ZMA holotype; e UMMZ Grnjeiro (prtype), si 20.3 UMMZ , si 07 10' S, Cr, Slgdo, (prtypes), (five), t coll. UMMZ , es, scutes cudl fs Dsum mrbled sides vrible, rr blotches, ir lrge proment most lgitudl scutes, posteunited blotch. mrbled, Ground colour fely opercles times rily Dsl mediumsized midlterl lg 161, 1719,21) drk hiztl 41.8 mm,. Colour pttern colour ptter 12). t. most snout, ple Upper fm hlf e elgte dsolterl illdefed blotch cloudy. Lower hlf ventro R. S. de lterl dot mm, sme si 21.9 mm, scutes unpigmented, cnected midlterl scutes except f pigmentti.

15 BIJDRAGEN Fig. Hed, snout, opercles 12. TOT DIERKUNDE, 46 Aspids mrbled fely DE menezesi. Dsl re (1) Holotype. Aspids poecilus (figs. 13, 15o, 16m, 1719,21) f out re mentti spots; ish upper third f. pig Adipose cochui Cyds l., et f [n Myers F : & Weitzmn, 1954]; (colour Axelrod phogrph; populr c count). membrne spot. ber unpigmented Anteri e Anl, pelvic, prt mute drk verticl dmged ft ish cudl fs oblique spots fmg pecrl fs rows nrrow Cyds my This R. v Iherg,! 970: 1907]; Knck, (phogrph; populr discus ccount; si). Mteril unpigmented. exmed. Brzil, One M Pi, left bnk Gosse, 31X1964; (holotype), Grosso, Xgu, creek upper IRScNB 560, upstrem Xgu, si 29.2 villge coll. J. P. species Simoes de [n CXXXI les. mm, rochi 333, pi. is nmed Menezes, hour Dr. holotype Fig mle, Brzil, 51 04' prtypes. (prtypes), USNM (e), Rui ZMA who collected Aspidspoecilus W, (e), coll. si 31.7 Goids, H. Holotype. R mm, lrgest probbly Argui ner Arun, Axelrod, ' S,

16 Ground Sixteen, Most 122 H. NUSSEN & I. J. H. ISBRUCKER THE GENUS ASPIDORAS Descripti. Mphometric meristic dt tble I figs. 17 through 19. Dsl pecrl f spes distctly shter thn djcent rys. Snout frt nostrils nked. Two sht mentl brbels, pirs rictl brbels, lgest rechg gill opengs ventrlly. Inner edge pecrl f spe modertely serrted Anteri 15o). Mteril exmed. MNRJ 997, si mm, Brzil, Gois, coll. R. Plms, Pfrimer, 1957; four, CAS [ex IU], si mm, Brzil, Gois, Crego t Peixe 12 02' Tocnts, S, 48 36' W, coll. C. Ternetz, ; seventeen, CAS [ex IU], si mm, Brzil, Gois, Tocnts system, Vered do Agostho Cnnbrv, coll. C. Ternetz, ; e, CAS [ex IU], si 33.0 mm, Brzil, Gois, Tocnts brook system, Crego d Pteir Cnnbrv Tocnts, coll. C. Ternetz, 15 ftnel round 16m). Sk terccoid 11924; five, CAS [ex IU], si mm, Brzil, re numerous isolted mute ossifictis. Gois, So Crego Domgo, coll. C. Ternetz, ; Colour lcohol 13). colour e, CAS [ex IU], si 27.7 mm, Brzil, Gois, Crego d Mul Tocnts below mouth hed ple t Dsum sides hed, opercles, snout mrbled tn. Lterl sides severl proment wek blotches (see fig. 13, left side holotype), which re slightly differenn both sides holotype. Dsl f bse lrge, ovl, blotch from spe through fourth ry, smller blotch bse sixth seventh ry. Both blotches extend wht over dsum, smller e beg cnected drk solid blotch. Dsl bsl blotches re is rr brod, hiztl whitish stripe, extendg hlfwy spe followed by lrge blotch. This blotch csists wekly pigmented prt membrne, lternted by dense pigmentti rys, fmg verticl les. Above this blotch, dsl f is devoid pigment. Adipose f spe chromphes lg scttered bse ner middle; upper prt its membrne wekly pigmented. Cudl f rys elgte spots, rrnged three four irregulr, though wht verticl brod brs. Anl f series mute spots rrnged n oblique Ushped le. Pelvic fs unpigmented. Dsum pecrl f spe rys scttered mute spots. Unossified ventrl re whitish. Upper rictl brbels pigment. Mrnho, bout 14 S, 48 15' W, coll. C. Ternetz, ; e, CAS [ex SU], si bout 24.8 Brzil, mm, Gois, Tocnts system, Crego Gomez Ribeiro Mcco Mrnho, coll. C. Ternetz, 30XII1923. Descripti. meristic dt tble II. Mphometric Dsl pecrl f spes distctly shter thn djcent rys. Snout frt nostrils nked. Two sht mentl brbels, pirs lg rictl brbels, rechg lmost gill opengs ventrlly, slightly beyd bse pecrl f spe. Inner edge pecrl f spe (1) fely serrted MNRJ 997, (2) fely modertely serrted CAS p), (3) modertely serrted CAS CAS 16014, (4) modertely strgly serrted CAS 16012, CAS 16011, CAS Anteri ftnel (1) roundish, elgte ovl, slightly rhomboidl MNRJ 997, (2) roundish pershped CAS 16015, (3) elgte ovl CAS 16014, (4) elgte ovl most CAS 16013, though hve brod ovl nteri ftnel, (5) brod ovl four CAS 16012, rr elgte ovl e specimen, (6) slightly rhomboidl CAS CAS Sk terccoid re isolted mute ossifictis, which re me numerous dults thn juveniles; ltter y my be even still undeveloped. The specific noiktkos meng nme is derived from Greek vriecoloured, pied, mottled, spotted, llusi colour ptter Colour lcohol. MNRJ 997 re bdly fded, but m show up four light solid blotches sides. A blotch behd bse just lst dsl f ry is lrgest covers Aspids ff. poecilus (figs. 15p, 21) greter prt dso ventrolterl scutes. No pigmentti is visible ny Aspids rochi [n R. v Iherg, 1907]; P. de Mir Ribeiro, 1959: 8 (listed; prt; Plms, MNRJ 997). fs. Most cudl f rys, however, re broken f ner bse.

17 One BUDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, (1) 123 Tble II. Mphometric chrcters expressed s rtios sl (bd through hl), s rtios hl (sn through dcp), meristic dt 17 Aspids ff. poecilus. CAS no. si bd b.w Ids lps hi sn lbo wi c dcp D P, A P, C dbs vbs ps I,7,i i,5 ii,5,8 7/ I,7,i i,5 ii,5,8 7/ I,7,i i,5 ii,5,8 7/ I,7,i i,5 ii,5,8 7/ ,74 i,5 ii,5,8 7/ I,7,i, i,5 ii,5,8 7/ [,74 i,5 ii,5,8 7/ i,5 ii,5.8 7/ A = nl f; C = cudl f; D = dsl f ;P, pelvic f; Pj = pecrl f. The CAS 16015, 16013, 16014, present bd cditi ir dsl f is not ll show very similr colour pttern, idel f observti. The snout is fely mrbled fter 50odd yers preservti. The snout is. The sides wht mrbled light. In dsl f hs light dots; times dsl f is pl. The cudl f hs up three light verticl slightly oblique les, which re wht hevier lower lobe thn hve drk irregulr dots, fewer lrger better defed thn CAS here discussed. The shpe dots is s vrible s found mrble. Those lg meetg dso ventrolterl scutes re lrgest. In cudl f re re up upper lobe. All hve lrge number three nrrow light verticl slightly irregulr spots dots sides. oblique les. Those lg ner meetg dso ventrolterl scutes re usully wht lrger thn remg mrkgs, ten tendg fm row. Ag re is gret Aspids spilotus (figs. 14, 15q, 16n, 1719,21) dividul vribility m detils colour ptter In spots Aspids rochi [n R. v Iherg, 1907]; P. de Mir sides re isolted, times y re cnected spots Ribeiro, 1959: 8 (listed; prt; do Gusmo, Municipio de Ipu). MNRJ 8688, Cchoeir fm irregulrly shped blotches. The CAS re still surprisgly wellpigmented (y were collected sme period s CAS Mteril exmed. (holotype), ZMA ,si 34.0 mm, Brzil, Cer, Richo dos Mccos, tributry Acrdu, coll. J. L. de Meneses, 10XI1969; twentyne (prtypes), ZMA (twentye), USNM (), CAS (e), DNOCS (five), sme dt s just mentied). The dsl f rys holotype; e hundred ftyfour (prtypes), MNRJ e se hve drk spots 8688 (e hundred fty), ZMA (), si 17.7 rrnged three me less hiztl rows, e lg bse, secd ner distl end 30.0 mm, Brzil, Cerd, Cchoeir do Gusmo, Municipio de Ipu, coll. J. F. Cruz, 24VIII1952. rys, third betwee Bsiclly, seem hve sme colour pttern dsl f. However, Descripti. Mphometric meristic dt tble I

18 124 H. 14. Fig. figs through distctly thn H. ISBRUCKER J. Aspids spilotus Dsl shter & I. NIJSSEN pecrl djcent f Snout rys. pirs times lg gill up shter. Inner modertely isolted thn usully fely Anteri ftnel Sk 16n). dults, juveniles, me ter mute numerous posterily. Colour lcohol but f spe 15q). nked rechg ventrlly, pecrl ovl ossifictis nterily edge re brbels, opengs serrted pershped ccoid rictl hed Ground colour e les, times drk Dense, t ple nrrow opercles curved tn bitl/preoccipitl ly mrbled; times ish spots. Body cleithrum, rys be present le drk proment sub nked slight rr isolted scutes. spots There spots re united, brs, better ovl f times ner cudl f. Most Dsum termedite between se series midlterl cleithrum hiztl light pigmented dsum dense spots, just re is dipose light f this f re. three "spe" middle Anl ft rys Pelvic fs out pigment. fs spots, usully evenly numerous pigmented yellowish. prtypes MNRJ 8688 ZMA is fded. The midlterl blotchre most centres proment mrkgs, blotches hve especilly remed, so re The tht most do not is from show br. lgitudl Ventrum illdefed pigment, (unbrnched n dsl f ry spe. dusky, rys. pttern thn brs but my midlterl dots/br) ple tn, but re es below lst centrtis drk nl Or usully just below (ventrl usully light re. no re hve four verticl hs scttered. Belly whitish ptterns. Dsl spots mostly pecrl times fm up pigmented cudl f. pl, bse less mute prtypes densely even, oblique defed e re The bse dsl membrne ventro me In br from lgitudl sgle four re prtype. e dditil bse middle dsl t spe drk middle se lterl g f Adipose brod, s;, dso dsl n drker round meetg re is pigmentti bse first lst pigmented. Cudl f f except preoccipitl/terbitl lighter lg restricted not much denser membrne. Some t blotch. The tringulr it is, dsl f is f rys. In dot spots fmg mostly fmg slightly oblique smll ly, lthough rys thn times f, Snout times re. between e drk spots, hiztl nrrow pigmentti smll, smll, illdefed blotch ple ry, irregulrly rrnged dsum sides hed snout, mm. hlf upper f bse. pigment 28.9 nl f lst Dsl f my 14) , sl bse ner ASPIDORAS bse lst nl f ry bse cudl f. frt nostrils nked. Two sht mentl brbels, ZMA Prtype, spes GENUS THE e ry), e c frt t The nikzos specific nme meng colour derived spotted, ptter sted, Greek llusi

19 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, (1) 125 Fig. 15. Priles pecrl spes ) Aspids rochi, lectype, right spe, b) A. rochi, prlectype, left spe, c) A. rimundi, lectype, left spe, d) A. lkoi, holotype, left spe, e) A. pucirditus, prtype, left spe, f) A. lbter, holotype, right spe, g) A. brunneus, holotype, right spe, h) A. crvlhoi, holotype, right spe, i) A. eurycephlus, holotype, left spe, k) A. fuscogutttus, holotype, right spe, l) A. mculosus, holotype, right spe, m) A. menezesi, holotype,left spe, n) A. menezesi, prtype, ZMA ,sl 30.7 mm, left spe, o) A. poecilus, holotype, right spe, p) A. ff. poecilus, CAS 16013, sl 30.3 mm, left spe, q) A. spilotus, holotype,right spe. DISCUSSION erliest Pliocene time ws trnsfmed Amzs, flowg Atlntic Ocen by As shown figs , genus Aspids tensive uplift Anden Cdiller hs rr restricted distributi, from Pliocene time (Dmuth & Kumr, 1975: 874). upper course Xgu West upper course Itpicuru Est, from Acrdu system Nth upper course Prn South. Cyds occupied this re might be csidered me dvnced thn Aspids. Aspids rochi, A. rimundi, A. lkoi. A. pucirditus. A. lbter, A. brunneus,a. crvlhoi, The bsence Aspids rest A. eurycephlus, A. fuscogutttus. A. mculosus, A. ctent, prticulrly its bsence m menezesi, fms Aspids ff. poecilus, Amzs bs, is zoogeogrphicl A. spilotus were ech collected such terest. Aspids pprently never occupied this restricted res tht endemism my be suspected re, which csisted immense lkes middle Miocene time, which lte Miocene f most species. In fct, ly A. poecilus hs been found widely scttered plces. As

20 THE 126 H. NIJSSEN & I. J. H. ISBRUCKER GENUS ASPIDORAS Fig. 16. Anteriodsl view, showg ftnels nuchl pltes ) Aspids rochi, lectype, b) A. rimundi, lectype, c) A. lkoi, holotype, d) A. pucirditus, ZMA , sl 20.1 mm, e) A. lbter, holotype, f) A. brunneus, holotype, g) A. crvlhoi, holotype, n) A. eurycephlus, holotype, i) A. fuscogutttus, holotype, k) A. mculosus, holotype, l) A. menezesi, holotype, m) A. poecilus, holotype, n) A. spilotus, holotype, o) Cydspygmeus, holotype. fr s we know, no Aspids re course immedite neighbourhood mixed up members genus Cyds Ftlez. Three species were collected from museum collectis, s we hve been ble rivers bout Ftlez: A. crvlhoi, A. menezesi, exme mjity representtives ltter genus. A. spilotus. The ltter species, which 169 re vilble, seems be closely Aspids rochi (typespecies genus) is known ly from bdly preserved igtg from Ftlez. There is no exct dicti from which loclity y were collected; re re severl rivers n undefed relted A. rochi. Especilly colour ptterns A. rochi A. spilotus re quite similr, despite fct tht colour pttern A. rochi is known ly from R. v Iherg's igl descripti. The A.

21 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 46 (1) Fig. 17. Vriti rtios depth (bd), width (bw), dsl f spe length (lds), pecrl f spe length (lps) strd length (sl) species Aspids. Verticls dicte primry type. rochi re now lmost completely depigmented, ner type loclity A. rochi, A. crvlhoi fs re dmged, even R. v Iherg A. menezesi show such distctly different lredy ws unble mke n ccurte descripti colour ptter The chrcters tht y cnnot be cfused A. rochi. A. rochi mesure mm si, wheres Aspids lrgest specimen A. spilotus hs si 34.0 rimundi from upper Prnib is known from 63, ll collected mm, which my ccount f difference from typeloclity. It ws described proptis. However, A. rochi A. spilotus sme yer s A. rochi, not s n Aspids but s differ followg chrcters: length by Cyds. Until now, A. rimundi ws never bit A. rochi gst A. spilotus; width 3.8 A. rochi gst A. spilotus; 6 predipose scutes A. rochi figured literture. A. rimundi seems most closely relted A. menezesi. Severl mphometry meristic chrcters re like. A. gst 3 4 A. spilotus. Meover, A. rochi rimundi is smller species (si up 32.6 mm tends hve greter depth ( gst up 41.8 mm A. menezesi). A. menezesi gst A. spilotus), shter dsl f never shows drk, proment blotch spes (9.0 gst A. spilotus), shter pecrl f spes ( gst 5.4 dsl f, tends hve wht lger snout ( gst A. rimundi), 6.3 A. spilotus). Both A. rochi nrrower terbitl ( gst 2.0 hve hbitus distctly different from 169 A. spilotus, fmer species beg me robust. The species occurrg 2.3 A. rimundi). Although we regrd A. rimundi A. menezesi distct t specific level (bsed mteril vilble), y might

22 128 H. NIJSSEN& I.J. H. ISBRUCKER THE GENUS ASPIDORAS Fig. 18. Vriti rtios hed length (hl) strd length (sl), snout length (sn), length by bit (lbo), terbitl width (wi) hed length species Aspids. Verticls dicte primry type. prove be cspecific when from me loclities re become vilble. Aspids lkoi, secd described species ws Aspids, bsed sgle holotype. Ftuntely, series 23 potypes; collected sme yer s holotype, ws vilble f ll species genus Aspids by its low number dso ventrolterl scutes (23/20 gst 25/22 me species), its low number dsl f rys (6 gst 7 species), its extremely sht snout (2.5 gst 2.1 less species), by its exmti. A. lkoi is known from colour ptter A. pucirditus hs me Prn system, from tributry Gre. In sme river system A. fuscogutttus occurs. Aprt from differences colour pttern, strgly serrted pecrl f spe cgeners. Of species we describe s new, thn its three re A. fuscogutttus differs from A. lkoi esily recognizble by ir colour pttern, viz.: followg chrcters: lger dsl f spe A. lbter brod oblique solid brs, A. ( gst A. lkoi); lger snout ( gst A. lkoi); less predipose scutes (3 5 gst 6t013 A. lkoi). Meover, A. fuscogutttus tends hve brunneus upper hlf solid drk, A. crvlhoi hrdly ny pigmentti. Besides Aspids lbter, species lrger by bit ( gst occur tributries upper Tocnts: A. lkoi), nrrower terbitl ( Aspids ff. poecilus, A. eurycephlus. In gst A. lkoi). upper course Argui species Aspids pucirditus (iglly described were found ger ner Arun: A. poecilus genus Cyds) is esily distguished from ( prtypes) A. pucirditus (holotype

23 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 46 (1) Fig. 19. Vriti rtios depth cudl peduncle (dcp) hed length (hl) vriti number dsolterl scutes (dbs), ventrolterl scutes (vbs), predipose scutes (ps) species Aspids. Verticls dicte primry type. prtype). The here csidered s species genus Aspids. Aspids ff. poecilus re ll bdly preserved from tributries upper Aspids mculosus is known from three nerby situted tributries upper Itpicuru. Tocnts, which resemble A. poecilus mny It resembles A. menezesi most, but it hs smller detils. However, re re fms: e better defed roundish dots rr thn blotches me cspicuous irregulrly shped dots A. menezesi. Meover, lrger thn A. poecilus, fm A. mculosus differs from A. menezesi comprtively smller less cspicuous followg chrcters: shter dsl f spes mrkgs thn A. poecilus. Both fms differ ( gst A. menezesi), from ech from A. poecilus reltive shter pecrl f spes ( gst 4.9 length dsl pecrl f spes. Furr 5.6 A. menezesi). Furrme, A. mculosus differences re found, but se my be due hs 3 4 predipose scutes gst 5t06 imperfect cditi mteril. menezesi; it lso tends hve less scutes Aspids eurycephlus, lso from upper Tocnts, ws collected lmost simultneously (dbs/vbs 2526/2223 A. mculosus gst 2627/2324 A. menezesi). Flly, A. mculosus tends hve less deep ( gst greter prt Aspids ff. poecilus. Although y re lso A. menezesi), me slender bdly preserved, ir brod terbitl not ly differs from A. poecilus Aspids ff. poecilus, but lso from ll ( gst A. menezesi), less deep cudl peduncle ( gst A. menezesi).

24 130 H. NIJSSEN & I. J. H. ISBRUCKER THE GENUS ASPIDORAS Figs Occurrence Aspids species. REFERENCES AXELROD, H. R., C. W. EMMENS, D. SCULTHORPE, W. VOR GILL, T., Arrngement fmilies fishes, clsses Pisces, Mrsipobrnchii, Lepcrdii. Smiths. misc. Collns., 11 (II) (247): ixlvi, 149. DERWINKLER & N. PRONEK, Exotic tropicl fishes: M GOSLINE, W. A., A revisi neotropicl ctfishes , P , C , F , c. 900 figs. (T. F. H. Publictis, Jersey City). BRITSKI, H. A., List dos tipos de peixes ds cole?des do Deprtmen de Zoologi d Secretri d Agricultur de So Pulo. Ppeis Avuls. Zool. S. Pulo, 22 (19): COPE, E. D On fishes Ambyicu River. Proc. Acd. nt. Sci. Phild. (new ser.), 23 : , pis. III XVII. DAMUTH, J. E. & N. KUMAR, Amz Ce: mphology, sediments, ge, growth ptter Bull. geol. Soc. Am., 86: fmily Cllichthyide. Stnfd ichthyol. Bull., 2 (1): 129, figs. 14., Ctilogo dos nemgnthos de gudoce d Americ do Sul e Centrl. Bolm. Mus. nc. de Jneiro ( s Zool.), 33: HOEDEMAN, J. J., Notes ichthyology Surm (Dutch Guin). The ctfish gener Hoplosternum Cllichthys, key gener fmily Cllichthyide. Beufti, 1 (12): 111. groups IHERING, R. VON, Diverss especies novs de peixes nemgnths do Brzil. Severl new species Brzilin nemgnth fishes. Nots prelim. Mus. pul., 1 (1): EIGENMANN, C. H., Ctlogue bibliogrphy freshwter fishes Americs south tropic Cncer. Ctlogue freshwter fishes tropicl South Americ. temperte Rep. Prcen Ptgi, 3 (Zool. 4): Univ. Exped. KNAACK, J., E Zwergpnzerwels us Brsilien, Cyds pygmeus. Aqur. Terr., Mtschr. Ornith. Vivrienk., (B) 13 (11): , figs. 14., Fmilie Cllichthyide, Schwielenwelse. In: G. ELLIS, M. D., The plted nemgnths. An Crnegie STERBA, ed., SuKwsserfische us ller Welt (2nd ed.), 1 : Mus., 8 (34): , pis. XXVXXXI , figs , 328, , pis. CXX1, FOWLER, H. W., Os peixes de gu doce do Brsil, 4. CXXVCXXVII, CXXXICXXXVIII (UrniVerlg, Arq. Zool. So Pulo,9: iix, 1400, figs Leipzig/Jen/Berl; J. NeumnnNeudmm,Melsungen).