ABAH BIOFLUX Animal Biology & Animal Husbandry International Journal of the Bioflux Society

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1 ABAH BIOFLUX Animl Biology & Animl Husbndry Interntionl Journl of the Bioflux Society The Rbbit of Cluj: new phenotype obtined, mintined nd improved in Cluj-Npoc (Trnsylvni), Romni 1 Miklós Both, 2 Andre Hettig, nd 1,3 I. Vlentin Petrescu-Mg 1 Bioflux SRL, Cluj-Npoc, Cluj County, Romni, Europen Union; 2 University of Agriculturl Sciences nd Veterinry Medicine, Fculty of Animl Science nd Biotechnologies, Cluj-Npoc, Romni, Europen Union; 3 University of Agriculturl Sciences nd Veterinry Medicine Ion-Ionescu de l Brd, Isi, Postdoctorl School in Agriculture nd Veterinry Medicine, Romni, Europen Union. Corresponding uthor: M. Both, miklosboth@yhoo.com Abstrct. Beside the Trnsylvnin Gint Rbbit new rbbit breed, Oryctolgus cuniculus (L.) is currently in forming in Cluj-Npoc, Trnsylvni, Romni. According to the Stndrds 2003 for the judgment of the exhibition rbbit cknowledged by Europen Assocition, regrding the body weight, the Rbbit of Cluj fits in the medium size breeds, with minimum of 3.50 kg nd mximum of 5.50 kg limit. Yet, there is no other breed tht rke together the Chinll color pttern with New Zelnd White show phenotype. Becuse for commercil met production, the New Zelnd White ppers to be the principl breed, the genetic improvement of the Rbbit of Cluj will follow the sme mens of the commercil rbbits (prolificcy, milk yield, mternl instinct, wened kits, number of vlorified young s/doe, growth rte, forge cpitliztion, slughter indictors, dvntgeousness). Key Words: Romni, Trnsylvni, new rbbit breed, Rbbit of Cluj, Chinll gene, genetic improvement, new breed, new phenotype, first record, Oryctolgus cuniculus. Rezumt. În Trnsilvni, Cluj-Npoc, Români, lături de Urişul de Trnsilvni se pun bzele formării unei noi rse de iepure de csă (Oryctolgus cuniculus L.). Conform ultimei rectificări Stndrdului (2003), de către Asociţi Europenă, pentru rbitrre în competiţii de gen iepurilor de rsă, privind clsificre rselor în funcţie de greutte corporlă, Iepurele de Cluj se încdreză în ctegori rselor de tlie medie, cu limit minimă dmisă de 3,50 kg şi limit mximă dmisă de 5,50 kg. Actulmente nu există rsă de iepure cre să întrunescă fenotipul rsei Neozelndez Alb, lini de expoziţie cu coloritul nll. Având în vedere fptul că Neozeelndezul Alb figureză c şi principl rsă de iepuri pentru producţi de crne, meliorre rsei Iepurele de Cluj v urmării celeşi obiective (prolificitte, cpcitte lctntă, instinctul mtern, procentul de pui înţărcţi, număr de pui vlorificţi/femelă, dinmic de creştere, consumul specific de furje, indicii de scrificre, rentbilitte). Cuvinte cheie: Români, Trnsilvni, rsă nouă de iepure, Iepurele de Cluj, gen Chinll, consolidre genetică, rsă nouă, fenotip nou, primă reltre, Oryctolgus cuniculus. Introduction. Considering the rbbit species zoo economic potentil (met, fur, hir, secondry products, vluble orgnic fertilizer etc), the rbbit rering brnch compete to the full potentil cpitliztion of the Romnin niml husbndry. As Petrescu-Mg et l (2009, 2011) report, there is no homologted Romnin rbbit breed yet, lthough there where some ttempts, if we remember the White of Cluj (Petrescu-Mg et l 2009; Zhri 1991). We lso should mention here the unique Romnin met hybrid rbbit Supercuni, the result of 15 yers of work, selection nd improvement (Frăţilă et l 1985) which fetures ws competed with ny commercil rbbit t tht time (Both et l 2007c). Beside the Trnsylvnin Gint Rbbit (TGR) (Petrescu-Mg et l 2009) new rbbit breed, Oryctolgus cuniculus (L.) is currently in forming in Cluj-Npoc, Trnsylvni, Romni. Since 2005 the tem consisting of Both, Petrescu-Mg nd Hettig strted to work to new rbbit strin in order to develop vluble Rbbit of Cluj (RC) (the nme in Romnin: Iepurele de Cluj), lthough this is the first record bout RC. This pper ims preliminry nd generl presenttion of RC. 42

2 Mteril nd Method. In 2005, Both purchsed pregnnt pure breed New Zelnd White (NZW) doe from Budpest, Hungry. Surprising, t giving birth we observed in the nest colored individul, which becme light nll colored ( gene), with brown eyes nd drk nils (Figure 1). This kit ws mle, nd becme the founder of Rbbit of Cluj. At the dult ge this mle showed perfect NZW phenotype, stocky body, strong short hed with brod forehed nd mouth, short nd stright ers with extremely strong structure, well furred nd rounded (Figure 2). We mde crossing test to find out wht kind of genetic bckground hs the founder mle (FM). In this order, the FM ws mted with recessive homozygote doe, NZW. This mting scheme served for two desidertes, one of them ws to mintin the typicl NZW phenotype, nd the other ws ctully the crossing test. In the F 1 genertion we obtined lbino (recessive) nd cloured (dominnt) individuls in 50-50%. This crossing test proved tht our FM ws heterozygote individul. Figure 1. The founder mle (FM) t 1 month ge (originl). The second breeding scheme ws represented by the crossing between the FM nd pure breed Chinll doe (Ch), purchsed from Austri. The im of this mting ws to improve the nll ( ) color pttern. All the kits showed nll ( ) color (with light nd drk shdes), becuse the FM ws heterozygote dominnt nd the doe homozygote dominnt. As it is known, the color gene is dominnt to its lbino white llele. Further, the mles from the FMxNZW were mted with the femles from the FMxCh nd vice vers to mintin low consnguinity, nd to prevent the inbreeding depression. To mintin s well s possible the specific New Zelnd (NZ) phenotype we were enforced to use inbreeding, thereby the FM ws breed with the femles resulted from the FMxCh mtings, nd with the femles resulted from the FMxNZW cross. The rbbits were kept nd feed in household conditions. Their food consisted of cerels (ot, brley, corn, whet, sunflower oil mel nd soy oil cke) nd fibrous feed (grmincee nd ppilioncee in 1:1 rtio). Veterinry ctivities consisted in vccintion ginst Rbbit Hemorgic Diseses (RHD) nd coccidiosttic drugs dministrtion. The cges used in RC project re 80x75x50cm. Nest boxes dimensions 25x25x50cm. 43

3 Figure 2. The founder mle (FM) t mturity (originl). The biologicl mteril used in the cretion of RC Tble 1 Strin Origin Color pttern Adult weight (kg) Role in RC project FM Cluj-Npoc, Romni??? 3.70 Breed founder Ch Wells, Austri 5.00 Color improvement NZW Budpest, Hungry 4.80 Phenotype consolidtion - Chinll colour pttern, - Albino colour pttern Results nd Discussion. From the FMxCh breeding resulted kits with high vibility nd growth rte (Figure 3) which presented precise Ch color pttern with ll the detils. The true Ch color pttern consist in: The top color ppers very shiny, light sh-grey with bluish toning nd flky blck shding, which is emphsized by blck hir tufts which re close together. It is more noticeble on the bck. The top color should rech quite fr down the sides if possible nd the chest nd legs should be in ccordnce with the overll color. The ers edges re semed in blck. The neck prt is smll, grey-white. The til is blck nd dotted with grey-white hirs, the underside however to be s white s the belly color. The eyes re brown, nils re drk. The undercolour on the whole body is drk blue. A white to whitish grey intermedite bnd is bout 5mm, which cuses shrp demrction between the top nd undercolour (Stndrd 2003 for the judgment of the exhibition rbbit cknowledged by the Europen Assocition). 44

4 Figure 3. Kits from FMxCh breeding, t 1 month ge (originl). As shown in Figure 4, on the juvenile ge the individuls (FMxCh) hve ll the fetures of the Ch color. As n observtion, we cn remrk tht the er length is bigger thn t the NZ rbbits, where the mximum limit is 10-11cm (Holds 2000). Among the RC project, it is gol to reduce the er length of RC to the er length of NZ rbbit stndrd. Figure 4. Youngs from FMxCh breeding, t 4 month ge (originl). Not t lest the FMxCh F 1 genertion inherited very precise the three well delimited colors (blue, white, blck) on the hir length, noticeble if we blow in the rbbits fur (Figure 5). 45

5 Figure 5. The three color circles tht define the true Ch color pttern (originl). The kits resulted from the FMxNZW breeding hd slightly poor vibility; moreover their growth rte ws lso modest. We hd the sme sitution when we used inbreeding nd ppeled t PxF 1 (P-prentl line) breeding. Ment very young individuls we hve lost becuse of coccidiosis, even if they received mediction ginst this illness, the other cuse of mortlity proved to be the low vibility, the kits died t verge ges of one month. All the survived kits were kept nd used to obtin the further genertions ccording indictions from Tble 2. The resulted offsprings phenotype fter the first 2 breeding scheme in order to obtin the Rbbit of Cluj (RC) Tble 2 Mtings Obtined phenotype in F 1 genertion Observtions FMxNZW 50% lbino, 50% color pttern (with 2 Kept for breeding just the shdes: light nll nd drk nll) color individuls FMxCh 100% color pttern with 2 shdes: light nll nd drk nll FM founder mle, NZW New Zelnd White, Ch Chinll. All the kits kept for further breeding As n observtion mong the reproductive ctivity of the breeding nucleus, re noticeble the lymphtic temperment of some buck s. They does hve n helthy mngeble temperment, unlike some results observed t Clifornin femles (Both et l 2007b) or White Gint mles nd femles (unpubl. dt), which showed nervous temperment in reltion with humns or conspecific individuls. Conclusions nd Perspectives. Considering the high mortlity rte due to inbreeding, further we consider NZW infusion to obtin more bloodlines nd then to proceed t cross between those lines. The NZW infusion will help lso to mintin the specific phenotype we would like to improve. We re conscious tht the inbreeding cnnot be voided in cretion nd genetic consolidtion of popultion, especilly when one of the gols is to crete homogeneous popultion. Therefore the breeding schemes will not llow 46

6 bigger consnguine rnk then 25%. Knowing tht the milking cpcity of the does cn be influenced by the food composition (Both et l 2007d), we will test the milk yeld of does nd improve them if it will be necesry in order to grow the wening rte. Not t list better reproducer buck s mngemnt is necessry, to increse the dult weight, using the isoltion of the bucks from does (Both et l 2007e). Cn lso consider sex rtio mnipultion (Both & Hettig 2007) to increse the number of femles or mles depending on the stge of the project. Beyond the phenotypicl fetures, the formtion nd improvment of the RC min gol is to develop veritble, dvnced met producer rbbit. Populriztion of the RC project, nd it s stges will be done through scientific comuniction, exhibition prticiption, forum description, online posts nd so on. Note. Due to the first uthor s preference, the gene nottion system used in this pper is the Germn one, definitely different from tht used by Petrescu-Mg et l (2009, which is n English system of gene nottion). References Both M., Bud I., Hettig A., Pece A., 2007 Directions nd tendencies for obtining rbbit hybrids for met in Europe. Lucrri Ştiintifice Seri Zootehnie (Işi) 50: Both M., Bud I., Ştefn R., 2007b Ethologicl studies on Clifornin rbbit femles. Scientific Ppers Animl Science nd Biotechnologies (Timişor) 40(2): Both M., Bud I., Hettig A., Pece A., 2007c Reproduction intensivity pprecition in rbbit rering. The 36 TH Interntionl Session of Scientific Communictions, The Scientific Ppers Of The Fculty Of Animl Science, Buchrest, pp Both M., Bud I., Hettig A., Pece A., 2007d Milking cpcity pprecition on rbbits function of diet. Bulletin of USAMVCN, The 6 th Interntionl Symposium Prospects for the 3 rd Millennium Agriculture 63-64:532. Both M., Bud I., Hettig A., Pece A., 2007e Possibility of body development stimultion in mle reproducer rbbits. Bulletin of USAMVCN. The 6 th Interntionl Symposium Prospects for the 3 rd Millennium Agriculture 63-64:533. Both M., Hettig A., 2007 Possibilities to direct sex rtio in rbbit species. The Cluj- Npoc s Biology Dys, UBB Cluj-Npoc. Abstrcts, 8:4. Europen Assocition of Poultry Pigeon nd Rbbit Breeders, 2003 Stndrds for the judgement of the exhibition rbbit cknowledged by Europen Assocition, 4th Edition. Frăţilă N., Voicu G., Cofs V., Stănescu V., 1985 [Industril rbbit rering]. Editur Ceres, Buchrest. [In Romnin] Holds S., 2000 [Rbbit breeding, breeds nd their mintennce]. Gzd, Budpest. [In Hungrin] Petrescu-Mg I. V., Petrescu-Mg R. M., Both M., Oroin I., 2009 Trnsylvnin Gint Rbbit origintes from Arieş nd Someş res (Trnsylvni, Romni), Trnsylv Rev Syst Ecol Res 7: Petrescu-Mg I. V., Petrescu-Mg R. M., Psrin B., Pop D., Both M., Gilc V., Bud I., Hoh G., Creng S., 2011 Proposl of stndrd for the judgement of the exhibition Trnsylvnin Gint Rbbit. ABAH Bioflux 3(1): Zhri M., 1991 [The stndrd of rbbit breeds nd interntionl judgment criteri]. Edited by Jeco Trding S.A., Buchrest, Romni. [In Romnin] Received: 29 Februry Accepted: 29 Mrch Published online: 30 Mrch Authors: Miklós Both, Bioflux SRL, Cehlău Street 54, Cluj-Npoc , Cluj County, Romni, Europen Union, miklosboth@yhoo.com Andre Hettig, University of Agriculturl Sciences nd Veterinry Medicine, Fculty of Animl Science nd Biotechnologies, 3-5 Cle Mănăştur Street, Cluj-Npoc , Romni, Europen Union. Ion Vlentin Petrescu-Mg, Bioflux SRL, Cehlău Street 54, Cluj-Npoc , Cluj County, Romni, Europen Union. Second ddress: University of Agriculturl Sciences nd Veterinry Medicine Ion-Ionescu de l Brd, Isi, Postdoctorl School in Agriculture nd Veterinry Medicine, 8 Sdovenu Alley, Işi, Romni, Europen Union, zoobiomg2004@yhoo.com How to cite this rticle: Both M., Hettig A., Petrescu-Mg I. V., 2011 The Rbbit of Cluj: new phenotype obtined, mintined nd improved in Cluj-Npoc (Trnsylvni), Romni. ABAH Bioflux 3(1):