BIOLOGY. CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS Fourth Edition. Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence G. Mitchell Martha R. Taylor. CHAPTER 15 Classification
|
|
- Prosper Brooks
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 BIOLOGY CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS Fourth Edition Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence G. Mitchell Martha R. Taylor CHAPTER 15 Classification Modules From PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections
2 Why should we classify organisms? Gives organization makes it easier to find and compare information Taxonomy science of classification, give each organisms a scientific name that is accepted by all scientists so that all are using the same name instead of using common names that might be different in each country.
3 Who started all of this? Carolus Linnaeus: Swedish botanist who lived during 18 th century. Developed a two-name naming system known as binomial nomenclature (still used today). Each organisms is given a scientific name with two parts (genus and species), the name is always italicized, first part (genus) is always capitalized and second part (species) is always lower case. Example wolf is Canis lupis
4 How does the Linnaean system work? Linnaeus system of classification consists of different hierarchical levels, which includes (from smallest to largest taxon, or group): Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
5 Different numbers of kingdom systems Five kingdom system Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Six kingdom system recently (past 5-10 years) the Monera were split because the two groups (Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) were found to be different. All other kingdoms same as fivekingdom system Domain system newer classification scheme that attempts to show evolutionary relationships between all life on earth. Has three groups that include the bacteria, archaebacteria and eukarya.
6 An example of classification taxa for the house cat. Table 15.10
7 Human Classification Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Vertebrata) Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species - sapiens
8 SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENETIC BIOLOGY Systematists classify organisms by phylogeny Reconstructing phylogeny is part of systematics the study of biological diversity and classification Taxonomists assign a two-part name to each species The first name, the genus, covers a group of related species The second name refers to a species within a genus
9 Taxonomists often debate the particular placement of organisms in categories as they strive to make their categories reflect evolutionary relationships
10 SPECIES Felis catus (domestic cat) Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk) Lutra lutra (European otter) Canis familiaris (domestic dog) Canis lupus (wolf) GENUS Felis Mephitis Lutra Canis FAMILY Felidae Mustelidae Canidae ORDER Carnivora Figure 15.10
11 15.11 Homology indicates common ancestry, but analogy does not Homologous structures are evidence that organisms have evolved from a common ancestor In contrast, analogous similarities are evidence that organisms from different evolutionary lineages have undergone convergent evolution Their resemblances have resulted from living in similar environments
12 Example: California ocotillo and allauidia of Madagascar Figure 15.11
13 15.12 Molecular biology is a powerful tool in systematics Systematists increasingly use molecular techniques to classify organisms develop phylogenetic hypotheses Human Chimpanzee Gorilla Orangutan Figure 15.12B
14 Oligocene Miocene A phylogenetic tree based on molecular data Brown bear Polar bear Asiatic black bear American black bear Sun bear Sloth bear Spectacled bear Giant panda Raccoon Lesser panda Pleistocene Pliocene Ursidae Procyonidae Common ancestral carnivorans Figure 15.12A
15 15.13 Systematists attempt to make classification consistent with phylogeny Homologous features are used to compare organisms Cladistic analysis attempts to define monophyletic taxa
16 TAXA Outgroup (Reptiles) Ingoup (Mammals) Eastern box turtle Duck-billed platypus Red kangaroo North American beaver CHARACTERS Long gestation Gestation Hair, mammary glands Vertebral column 3 Long gestation 2 Gestation 1 Hair, mammary glands Vertebral column Figure 15.13A
17 Cladistic analysis is often a search for the simplest hypotheses about phylogeny Phylogenetic tree according to cladistic analysis Lizards Snakes Crocodiles Birds Phylogenetic tree according to classical systematics Lizards Snakes Crocodiles Birds Figure 15.13B, C
18 THE DOMAINS OF LIFE Arranging life into kingdoms is a work in progress For several decades, systematists have classified life into five kingdoms MONERA PROTISTA PLANTAE FUNGI ANIMALIA Earliest organisms Figure 15.14A
19 A newer system recognizes two basically distinctive groups of prokaryotes The domain Bacteria The domain Archaea A third domain, the Eukarya, includes all kingdoms of eukaryotes BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYA Earliest organisms Figure 15.14B
20 EVOLUTION, UNITY, AND DIVERSITY 1.4 The diversity of life can be arranged into three domains Grouping organisms by fundamental features helps make the vast diversity of life manageable for study Scientists classify organisms into a hierarchy of broader and broader groups
21 Most classification schemes group organisms into three domains: Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Figure 1.4A, B
22 Domain Eukarya Figure 1.4C-F
23 Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotic Single celled Lack true nuclei and internal membrane enclosed organelles. Lack a cytoskeleton Contain double stranded DNA that is circular. Get energy by Heterotroph feed on dead material (detritivores), by attaching and feeding on living things (parasite) Autotroph can synthesize their own food
24 Structure: Have cell walls made of peptidoglycans (type of carbohydrate and peptide), use gram stain to identify how thick the cell wall is and what type of bacteria. Gram positive cells have a thick wall that stains purple while gram negative cells have a thin wall that stains pink. Classified by appearance Cocci round Bacillus rods Spirillus - spiral
25 Kingdom Archaebacteria Have no internal membrane enclosed organelles Simple, circular DNA Relatively new group Usually found in harsh environments like hot springs that are similar to early earth conditions Different from Eubacteria in terms of membrane structure and membrane lipids.
26 Kingdom Protista Simplest of the eukaryotic organisms, may be the group that connects the prokaryotes and the rest of the eukaryotes. Mostly unicellular Some are motile and move with cilia, or flagella or pseudopodia (ameboid movement) Some use asexual reproduction and others use sexual reproduction. Examples include:
27 Amoeba Large unicellular organism with amorphous cell shape Use cytoplasmic streaming/cyclosis/ameboid movement and pseudopodia to get around Heterotrophs that get their food by engulfing/phagocytizing objects and digesting them with a food vacuole.
28 Paramecium Ciliated, unicellular organism whose cell surface is covered with cilia, Have a definite shape Contain daisy-shaped contractile vacuoles to maintain water balance Food enters through the oral groove Uses mitosis to reproduce
29 Slime molds May be either grouped with protists or fungi (depending on system) Some exist as independent cells, others might group together to form a multicellular mass under certain conditions. Heterotrophic
30 Algae Photosynthetic protists Mostly unicellular Includes: Diatoms single celled with shells of silica Dinoflagellates single celled with flagella Green, brown and red algae as well as giant kelp
31
32 Kingdom Fungi Heterotrophs, absorb their nutrients from environment, secrete enzymes from their hyphae (slender root-like filaments) onto the detritus and absorb digested food directly into their cells. Often detritivores and feed off dead organisms, help recycle materials. Cell walls made of chitin
33 Some Fungi:
34 Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular, eukaryotic, produce their own food through photosynthesis. Cell wall made of cellulose Nonmotile Have adaptations that allow them to gain the most light, air and water as possible First plants probably evolved from green algae near shallow water.
35 Bryophyta Nonvascular plants that also lack woody stems, usually small due to lack of xylem and phloem and also usually found in moist environments.
36 Tracheophyta - seedless Have vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) First members were seedless and used spores to reproduce. Examples include ferns and horsetails
37 Tracheophyta with seeds Evolution of seed was a major step for the plants, increased the ability to live in drier climates, uses male (pollen) and female (ova) gametes. Evolution of flower was next step.
38 Kingdom Animalia Multicellular and heterotrophic, have become more complex over time and with the accumulation of evolutionary adaptations and more complex body systems. Some are sessile and don t move very much (hydra)
39 Animals may have different types of body symmetry. Animals with radial symmetry have their body organized into a circular shape and may have their body cut along any plane from anterior to posterior end. This produces multiple ways to produce a mirror image of the organism s body. Examples of animals with radial symmetry include sea stars and jellies. Animals with bilateral symmetry have a right side and a left side. They only one plane in which their body can be cut and produce a mirror image. Examples of animals with bilateral symmetry include humans and dogs.
40 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Frontal plane Transverse plane Dorsal Posterior Anterior Ventral
41 Animals have several different ways that their body cavity can form. Animals with only solid tissue between the gut wall and exterior of the Animal are called acoelomates. Animals with an incomplete space between the gut wall and exterior of The animal are called pseudocoelomates. Animals with a complete space between the gut wall and exterior of the Animal are called coelomates.
42 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Pseudocoel Coelomate Ectoderm Mesoderm Coelomic cavity Endoderm
43
44 Phylum Porifera (sponges): First evolutionary step between protists and animals Have no organs or tissues Only a small amount of specialization Can regenerate if separated into pieces Have flagellated cells that move water into the animal through body pores.
45
46 Phylum Cnidaria (formerly Coelenterata): Have radial symmetry Tentacles around a mouth Have two cell layers (endoderm=inner and ectoderm=outer) and a hollow body cavity (gastrovascular cavity or gvc) Have a simple nervous system (nerve net) Tentacles have nematocysts for stinging and immobilizing prey Start out as a polyp that lives attached to something and then becomes a free floating medusa. Can reproduce either sexually or asexually. Examples include hydra, sea anemone and jelly fish
47 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Gastrovascular cavity Epidermis Mesoglea Gastrodermis Medusa Tentacles Polyp Mouth Gastrovascular cavity
48 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Mouth Tentacles Sensory cell Gastrodermis Mesoglea Epidermis Cnidocyte Discharged nematocyst Hydra Cross- Section Trigger Stinging cell (cnidocyte) with nematocyst Undischarged nematocyst Filament
49
50
51 Fig
52 Phylum platyhelminthes (flatworms): Ribbon-like with bilateral symmetry Have three cell layers Lack a circulatory system Have simple light receptors, an anterior ganglion (brain) and two nerve cords Can regenerate Are free living but many are internal parasites. Examples include planaria, flukes and tapeworms
53
54 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Eyespot Protruding pharynx Opening to pharynx Intestinal diverticulum Intestine Epidermis Circular muscles Testis Intestine Longitudinal muscles Parenchymal Nerve muscle cord Sperm duct Oviduct
55 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Hooks Sucker Scolex Repeated proglottid segments Uterus Genital pore Proglottid
56 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Raw, infected fish is consumed by humans or other mammals Fig (TE Art) Metacercarial cysts in fish muscle Bile duct Liver Adult fluke Egg containing miracidium Cercaria Redia Sporocyst Miracidium hatches after being eaten by snail
57 Phylum nematoda (roundworms): Have three cell layers A complete digestive tract with two openings A pseudocoelom Lacking a respiratory and circulatory system they exchange materials directly with environment Can be free-living scavanging or parasitic species. Examples include Caenorhabditis elegans
58
59
60 Phylum annelida (segmented worms): Have segmented bodies A complete body cavity (coelom) filled with water Hydrostatic skeleton Have a nervous system with an anterior ganglion (brain) and a ventral nerve cord Exchange gases directly with environment Have a pair of nephridia (excretory structures) in each body segment Have a complete digestive tract Have a closed circulatory system with five hearts (aortic arches) Examples include earthworms and leeches
61
62
63 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Clitellum Segments Setae Hearts Pharynx Brain Mouth Esophagus Dorsal Blood vessel Intestine Septa Longitudinal muscle Male Nerve gonads cord Circular Female muscle gonads Ventral Blood vessel Nephridium
64
65 Fig
66 Phylum Arthropoda: Have jointed appendages and an exoskeleton made of chitin Open circulatory system Has a separate system of tubes for gas exchange called tracheal tubes and Body openings in the abdomen called spiracles Have complex sensory structures including compound eyes One of the most abundant groups of animals on the planet Insects have three pairs of legs Arachnids have four pairs of legs Crustaceans have segmented bodies with a variable number of appendages, Have gills for gas exchange Examples include insects, arachnids (spiders, ticks and scorpions) And crustaceans
67
68 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Antenna Head Thorax Eye Air sac Malpighian tubules Abdomen Rectum Mouthparts Spiracles Midgut Sting Poison sac
69 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Compound eye Ocelli Antennae Spiracles Tympanal organ Ovary Malpighian Rectum Gastric Heart ceca tubules Crop Stomach Aorta Brain Mouth Nerve ganglia
70 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Tracheoles Trachea Spiracles Spiracles
71 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Cheliped Eye Cephalothorax Abdomen Antennule Antenna Telson Swimmerets Uropod Walking legs
72 Fig
73 Phylum Mollusca: Have a muscular foot A mantle that secretes a shell and a rasping tongue called a radula Most are covered by a hard protective shell secreted by the mantle Some (squid and octopi) have a reduced internal shell known as a pen They are mostly aquatic and use gills enclosed in the mantle for respiration. Examples include clams, squid and snails
74
75
76 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Esophagus Muscle Radula Mouth
77 Fig
78
79 Phylum Echinodermata: Have a spiny body surface Radial symmetry Water vascular system and the ability to regenerate lost body parts Are deuterostomes, have tube feet and a hard internal skeleton made of Calcium deposits. Examples include sea stars and sea urchins
80
81 Fig
82 Fig
83 Fig
84 Phylum Chordata: Have a stiff solid dorsal rod called the notochord and gill slits during Embryonic development Have a dorsal hollow nerve cord A tail that extends beyond the anus (at some point in development) A ventral heart Examples include any of the vertebrates
85
86 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Pharyngeal pouches Fig (TE Art) Hollow dorsal nerve cord Postanal tail Notochord
87
88 Subphylum vertebrata (vertebrates): Have a notochord during embryogenesis that is later replaced by a bony Segmented vertebral column that protects the dorsal spinal cord and Provides anchorage for muscles Have a bony or cartilaginous endoskeleton Chambered heart for circulation and increasingly complex Nervous systems All internal organs are found in a body cavity called a coelom. Examples include fish, reptiles, birds and mammals.
89
90 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Tail: Fig. Like all 34.09(TE chordates, column Art) vertebrates have a postanal tail at some point in their lives. A vertebral surrounds and protects the dorsal nerve cord. Skeleton: All vertebrates have an endoskeleton of cartilage or bone. Coelom: In many vertebrates, the coelom is subdivided into cavities housing the heart, the stomach, intestines, and liver, and, in some groups, the lungs. Head: All vertebrates have a brain, encased within a protective skull. All vertebrates possess a liver. All vertebrates possess endocrine glands. Limbs: All vertebrates exhibit great powers of movement, most utilizing fins or legs. Kidney: The excretory system of vertebrates is unique among animals. Heart: All vertebrates have a closed circulatory system, powered by a muscular heart. Jaws: All but the earliest vertebrates have hinged jaws.
91 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Quaternary (2 Present) 0 Tertiary (65 2) 50 Cretaceous 100 (144 65) Jurassic 150 ( ) Triassic 200 ( ) Permian 250 ( ) Carboniferous 300 ( ) Devonian 350 ( ) Silurian 400 ( ) Ordovician 450 ( ) Cambrian 500 ( ) 550 Agnathans Jawless fishes Ostracoderms (extinct) shell-skinned fishes Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous fishes Placoderms (extinct) armored fishes Actinopterygii Ray-finned fishes Acanthodians (extinct) spiny fishes Sarcopterygii Lobe-finned fishes Amphibia Amphibians
92 Class Chondrichthyes: Have a cartilaginous endoskeleton Have large oil-producing livers for buoyancy regulation in water Use gills for respiration Examples include sharks, skates and rays
93 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Myxini Cephalaspidomorphi Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Amphibia Mammalia Testudines Lepidosauria Crocodilia Aves Fig. 34.p695(TE Art)
94
95 Class Osteichthyes (bony fish): Have an endoskeleton made entirely of hard calcified bone, have swim bladders for the regulation of buoyancy, use gills for respiration. Examples include bass, trout, tuna, swordfish
96 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Myxini Cephalaspidomorphi Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Amphibia Mammalia Testudines Lepidosauria Crocodilia Aves Fig. 34.p696(TE Art)
97
98 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) To heart Dorsal aorta Gas gland Muscular valve Swim bladder
99 Class Amphibia: Have lungs for gas exchange Can also exchange gases across their moist skin Their eggs lack hard shells Their larvae often live in the water and then metamorphose into the adult form Must live in close association with the water. Examples include frogs and salamanders
100 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Myxini Cephalaspidomorphi Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Amphibia Mammalia Testudines Lepidosauria Crocodilia Aves Fig. 34.p698(TE Art)
101
102
103
104 Class Reptilia: Became independent of water for reproduction with the development of a Hard shelled egg Have more effective lungs A heart and thicker skin that allows them to survive on land. Examples include turtles, lizards and snakes
105 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Myxini Cephalaspidomorphi Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Amphibia Mammalia Testudines Lepidosauria Crocodilia Aves Fig. 34.p702(TE Art)
106
107 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Embryo Fig (TE Art) Leathery shell Amnion Chorion Allantois Yolk sac
108 Class aves (birds): Evolved from reptilian dinosaurs with the development of wings Feathers and light bones for flight Have a four chambered heart and uniquely adapted lungs that supply lots of oxygen for flight Have hard shelled eggs and provide a great deal of parental care during embryonic development and maturation after hatching. Examples include robin, cardinal, blue jay and woodpecker
109 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Myxini Cephalaspidomorphi Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Amphibia Mammalia Testudines Lepidosauria Crocodilia Aves Fig. 34.p710(TE Art)
110 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Barbules Shaft Quill Shaft Barb Hooks
111
112 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Sinosauropteryx This theropod dinosaur had short arms and ran along the ground. Its body was covered with filaments that may have been used for insulation and that are the first evidence of feathers. Velociraptor This larger, carnivorous theropod possessed a swiveling wrist bone, a type of joint that is also found in birds and is necessary for flight. Caudipteryx Recently discovered fossils of this theropod indicate that it is intermediate between dinosaurs and birds. This small, very fast runner was covered with primitive (symmetrical and therefore flightless) feathers. Archaeopteryx This oldest known bird had asymmetrical feathers, with a narrower leading edge and streamlined trailing edge. It could probably fly short distances. Modern birds Dinosaurs Birds
113
114 Class mammalia: Have hair, sweat glands, mammary glands and four chambered hearts Evolved over 200 million years ago Became the dominant terrestrial vertebrate 65 million years ago Highly effective in regulating bodyt emperature Most provide extensive care for their young. Monotremes (duck billed platypus) lay eggs Marsupials give birth to live young after a short gestation period who Then complete their development in a pouch. Placental mammals gestate their young to a more complete state and Give birth to live young after their development is complete. Examples include dogs, cats, humans, elephants
115 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Myxini Cephalaspidomorphi Chondrichthyes Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Amphibia Mammalia Testudines Lepidosauria Crocodilia Aves Fig. 34.p714(TE Art)
116
117 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig (TE Art) Chorion Embryo Umbilical cord Placenta Uterus Amnion Yolk sac
118 Fig
119
AP Biology. Animal Characteristics. Kingdom: Animals. Body Cavity. Animal Evolution. Invertebrate: Porifera. Invertebrate: Cnidaria.
Kingdom: Animals Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Animal Characteristics Heterotrophs must ingest others for nutrients Multicellular complex bodies No cell walls allows active movement Sexual reproduction
More informationTopic 3: Animals Ch.17 Characteristics of Animals p.338. Distinguishing Characteristics pp
Topic 3: Animals Ch.17 Characteristics of Animals p.338 - Animals are: - Multicellular. - Ingestive heterotrophs. - Have a division of labour (tissues, organs, systems). - Motile at some stage in their
More informationName Class Date. After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 14 2 The Animal Kingdom SECTION Introduction to Animals BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is diversity? What are vertebrates? What
More informationCHAPTER 26. Animal Evolution The Vertebrates
CHAPTER 26 Animal Evolution The Vertebrates Impacts, Issues: Interpreting and Misinterpreting the Past No one was around to witness the transitions in the history of life Fossils allow us glimpses into
More informationAnimal Diversity Lecture 8 Winter 2014
Animal Phylogeny 1 Animal Diversity Lecture 8 Winter 2014 Fig. 32.10 Phylum Porifera (sponges) 2 Phylum Cnidaria (corals, jellies, hydras, sea anemones) 3a ~5,500 species Primarily marine Suspension feeders
More informationClassification. Grouping & Identifying Living Things
Classification Grouping & Identifying Living Things Taxonomy The study of how living things are classified Classification is the sorting of organisms based on similar characteristics Carolus Linnaeus is
More informationPhylogeny of Animalia (overview)
The Diversity of Animals 2 Chapter 23 Phylogeny of Animalia (overview) Key features of Chordates Phylum Chordata (the Chordates) includes both invertebrates and vertebrates that share (at some point in
More informationDEUTEROSTOMES. This presentation contains copyrighted material under the educational fair use exemption to the U.S. copyright law.
DEUTEROSTOMES This presentation contains copyrighted material under the educational fair use exemption to the U.S. copyright law. Deuterostome Echinodermata body plan! Body plan! Larvae are bilateral!
More informationDiversity of Animals
Classifying Animals Diversity of Animals Animals can be classified and grouped based on similarities in their characteristics. Animals make up one of the major biological groups of classification. All
More informationClassification. Chapter 17. Classification. Classification. Classification
Classification Chapter 17 Classification Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities. Classification shows how organisms are related and different. Classification
More informationFlatworms Flatworms Platyhelminthes dorsoventrally free-living planarian parasitic fluke tapeworm label three body layers ectoderm mesoderm
Flatworms Flatworms are in the phylum Platyhelminthes. Flatworms are flattened dorsoventrally (top to bottom). The group includes the freshwater, free-living planarian and the parasitic fluke and tapeworm.
More informationThe Evolution of Chordates
The Evolution of Chordates Phylum Chordata belongs to clade Deuterostomata. Deuterostomes have events of development in common with one another. 1. Coelom from archenteron surrounded by mesodermal tissue.
More informationVERTEBRATE READING. Fishes
VERTEBRATE READING Fishes The first vertebrates to become a widespread, predominant life form on earth were fishes. Prior to this, only invertebrates, such as mollusks, worms and squid-like animals, would
More information2018 Copyright Jolie Canoli and Friends. For personal and educational use only. Find more resources at joliecanoli.com
PHYLUM: BODY PLANS After the classification of Kingdom comes the category Phylum. The Phylum category of Animals puts animals with similar body types together. There are many phylum, but we will study
More informationSome Facts about... Amphibians
Amphibians Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that live part of their lives in water and part on land. Amphibians eggs are laid in water and they are born there. They begin their lives with gills
More informationAll living things are classified into groups based on the traits they share. Taxonomy is the study of classification. The largest groups into which
All living things are classified into groups based on the traits they share. Taxonomy is the study of classification. The largest groups into which the scientists divide the groups are called kingdoms.
More informationCh 34: Vertebrate Objective Questions & Diagrams
Ch 34: Vertebrate Objective Questions & Diagrams Invertebrate Chordates and the Origin of Vertebrates 1. Distinguish between the two subgroups of deuterostomes. 2. Describe the four unique characteristics
More informationUnit 12 Review Page 1
Unit 12 Review Page 1 1 is the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in the front of the bodies of worms, mollusks, arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates. ephalization Segmentation Tagmatization
More informationWhat is the body structure of a sponge? Do they have specialized cells? Describe the process of reproduction in sponges.
11.2 Sponges and Cnidarians What are the main characteristics of Sponges? Where are sponges found? What is the body structure of a sponge? Do they have specialized cells? Do sponges have separate sexes?
More informationPage # Diversity of Arthropoda Crustacea Morphology. Diversity of Arthropoda. Diversity of Arthropoda. Diversity of Arthropoda. Arthropods, from last
Arthropods, from last time Crustacea are the dominant marine arthropods Crustacea are the dominant marine arthropods any terrestrial crustaceans? Should we call them shellfish? sowbugs 2 3 Crustacea Morphology
More informationVertebrate Structure and Function
Vertebrate Structure and Function Part 1 - Comparing Structure and Function Classification of Vertebrates a. Phylum: Chordata Common Characteristics: Notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, hollow dorsal nerve
More informationVertebrates. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone and an endoskeleton.
Vertebrates Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone and an endoskeleton. The backbone replaces the notochord and contains bones called vertebrae. An endoskeleton is an internal skeleton that protects
More informationEssential Question: What are the characteristics of invertebrate animals? What are the characteristics of vertebrate animals?
Essential Question: What are the characteristics of invertebrate animals? What are the characteristics of vertebrate animals? Key Concept: The animal kingdom is divided up into 35 phyla. These phyla can
More informationThe Animal Kingdom. Animal Diversity. Key Concept Animals are a diverse group of organisms that have adaptations to live in water and on land.
2 The Animal Kingdom Key Concept Animals are a diverse group of organisms that have adaptations to live in water and on land. What You Will Learn The animal kingdom is made up of many different kinds of
More informationKingdom Animalia. ii. iii.
Kingdom Animalia 1. General Measures of Complexity a. Embryonic development i. The embryos of all animals go through the same stages during development so this can t be used as a measure of development
More informationCh. 17: Classification
Ch. 17: Classification Who is Carolus Linnaeus? Linnaeus developed the scientific naming system still used today. Taxonomy What is? the science of naming and classifying organisms. A taxon group of organisms
More informationLife in the Paleozoic
Life in the Paleozoic Ocean Planet & The Great Migration Paleozoic Late Middle Early 543-248 Myr P r e c a m b r i a n Eon P h a n e r o z o i c Proterozoic Archean Hadean Geologic Time Scale Era Period
More informationFish 2/26/13. Chordates 2. Sharks and Rays (about 470 species) Sharks etc Bony fish. Tetrapods. Osteichthans Lobe fins and lungfish
Chordates 2 Sharks etc Bony fish Osteichthans Lobe fins and lungfish Tetrapods ns Reptiles Birds Feb 27, 2013 Chordates ANCESTRAL DEUTEROSTOME Notochord Common ancestor of chordates Head Vertebral column
More informationSpecies: Panthera pardus Genus: Panthera Family: Felidae Order: Carnivora Class: Mammalia Phylum: Chordata
CHAPTER 6: PHYLOGENY AND THE TREE OF LIFE AP Biology 3 PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS Phylogeny - evolutionary history of a species or group of related species Systematics - analytical approach to understanding
More informationFishes, Amphibians, Reptiles
Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles Section 1: What is a Vertebrate? Characteristics of CHORDATES Most are Vertebrates (have a spinal cord) Some point in life cycle all chordates have: Notochord Nerve cord that
More informationAnimal Diversity III: Mollusca and Deuterostomes
Animal Diversity III: Mollusca and Deuterostomes Objectives: Be able to identify specimens from the main groups of Mollusca and Echinodermata. Be able to distinguish between the bilateral symmetry on a
More informationKingdom Animalia. All animals are multicellular organisms with real tissues and heterotrophic nutrition
Keywords Kingdom Animalia Poriferan, -s Coelenterate,-s Echinoderm, -s Mollusc, -s Medusa, -s Polyp, -s Arthropod, -s Arachnid, -s Crustacean, -s Myriapod, -s Radula Exoskeleton / endoskeleton Atrial cavity
More informationToday s Class. Go over viewfinder lab A closer look at the Animal Kingdom Taxonomy Worksheet
Kingdom Animalia Today s Class Go over viewfinder lab A closer look at the Animal Kingdom Taxonomy Worksheet Viewfinder Kingdom: Animalia Cells: multicellular Food: eats other organisms Movement: moves
More informationVertebrate and Invertebrate Animals
Vertebrate and Invertebrate Animals Compare the characteristic structures of invertebrate animals (including sponges, segmented worms, echinoderms, mollusks, and arthropods) and vertebrate animals (fish,
More informationAnimal phyla. Prior Knowledge Questions:
1 Name: Animal phyla Core: Prior Knowledge Questions: What do Tim & Moby say about Invertebrates? 2 Want to watch the video again? Go to Invertebrates Brainpop (Username: nfmsbrain password: pop) Word
More information1. Examine the specimens of sponges on the lab table. Which of these are true sponges? Explain your answers.
Station #1 - Porifera 1. Examine the specimens of sponges on the lab table. Which of these are true sponges? Explain your answers. 2. Sponges are said to have an internal special skeleton. Examine the
More informationAnimals Classification
Animals Classification By Piyush & Ilaxi Grouping & Identifying Living Things 2 Classifying Living Things Classifying Living Things Biological Classification is the way in which scientists use to categorize
More informationResources. Visual Concepts. Chapter Presentation. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter Presentation Visual Concepts Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Introduction to Vertebrates Table of Contents Section 1 Vertebrates in the Sea and on Land Section 2 Terrestrial Vertebrates Section
More informationWhat is Classification?
Classification Diversity of Life Biologists have identified over 1.5 million different species of living organisms so far... Estimates = between 2-100 million species yet to be discovered What is Classification?
More informationAnimal Diversity wrap-up Lecture 9 Winter 2014
Animal Diversity wrap-up Lecture 9 Winter 2014 1 Animal phylogeny based on morphology & development Fig. 32.10 2 Animal phylogeny based on molecular data Fig. 32.11 New Clades 3 Lophotrochozoa Lophophore:
More informationT. 6. THE VERTEBRATES
T. 6. THE VERTEBRATES 1.- Relate the following concepts to their definition. Later, relate each concept to one of the pictures you are going to see. 1.- FIN a.- mammals with their babies 2.- GILLS b.-
More informationClassification and Taxonomy
NAME: DATE: PERIOD: Taxonomy: the science of classifying organisms Classification and Taxonomy Common names of organisms: Spider monkey Clown fish Mud puppy Black bear Ringworm Sea horse Sea monkey Firefly
More informationNematoda. Round worms Feeding and Parasitism
Nematoda Round worms Feeding and Parasitism Nematoda Have pseudocoelom Live in many environments Parasitic Important decomposers Covered with cuticle Trichinella spiralis see fig 18.8B Nematode Diets and
More informationChapter 17 The Evolution of Animals Biology and Society: The Discovery of the Hobbit People
Chapter 17 The Evolution of Animals Biology and Society: The Discovery of the Hobbit People In 2003, anthropologists discovered bones on the Indonesian island of Flores, dating back about 18,000 years,
More informationVertebrates. Vertebrate Characteristics. 444 Chapter 14
4 Vertebrates Key Concept All vertebrates have a backbone, which supports other specialized body structures and functions. What You Will Learn Vertebrates have an endoskeleton that provides support and
More informationChapter 7 - Cnidarians. Animals with stinging tentacles, including: jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydra
Chapter 7 - Cnidarians Animals with stinging tentacles, including: jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydra Cnidarians Cnidarians are soft-bodied animals. Have stinging tentacles arranged in circles
More informationPhylum Arthropoda. Chapter 13 Part 2 of 3
Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 13 Part 2 of 3 Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed feet General Characteristics: Exoskeleton made of chitin present and must be molted when out grown, segmented body, Jointed appendages
More informationPhylum Echinodermata. Biology 11
Phylum Echinodermata Biology 11 General characteristics Spiny Radial symmetry Water vascular system Endoskeleton Endoskeleton Hard, spiny, or bumpy endoskeleton covered with a thin epidermis. Endoskeleton
More informationChapter 26: The Vertebrates
Chapter 26: The Vertebrates Fig. 26-2, p.434 Chordate Features Deuterostomes All share four features: Notochord supports body Nervous system develops from dorsal nerve cord Embryos have pharynx with slits
More informationChapter 33B: An Introduction to Vertebrates II The Bilateria. 1. Lophotrochozoa 2. Ecdysozoa 3. Deuterostomia
Chapter 33B: An Introduction to Vertebrates II The Bilateria 1. Lophotrochozoa 2. Ecdysozoa 3. Deuterostomia Invertebrates Porifera ANCESTRAL PROTIST Cnidaria Common ancestor of all animals Eumetazoa Bilateria
More informationPhylum Echinodermata
Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata Exclusively marine Deuterostomes with an endoskeleton Pentaradial symmetry Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers 2 Micrognathozoa Rotifera
More informationSection 4 Professor Donald McFarlane
A A R 3/31/2011 Craniates Vertebrates Gnathostomes Lobe fins Tetrapods Amniotes Reptilia Section 4 Professor Donald McFarlane Myxini (hagfish) Petro omyzontida (lampreys) (cartilaginous fishes) Chondrichthyes
More informationBiology. Slide 1of 50. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1of 50 2of 50 Phylogeny of Chordates Nonvertebrate chordates Jawless fishes Sharks & their relatives Bony fishes Reptiles Amphibians Birds Mammals Invertebrate ancestor 3of 50 A vertebrate dry,
More informationCladistics (reading and making of cladograms)
Cladistics (reading and making of cladograms) Definitions Systematics The branch of biological sciences concerned with classifying organisms Taxon (pl: taxa) Any unit of biological diversity (eg. Animalia,
More informationBiology 340 Comparative Embryology Lecture 2 Dr. Stuart Sumida. Phylogenetic Perspective and the Evolution of Development.
Biology 340 Comparative Embryology Lecture 2 Dr. Stuart Sumida Phylogenetic Perspective and the Evolution of Development Evo-Devo So, what is all the fuss about phylogeny? PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS allows
More informationQuestion Set 1: Animal EVOLUTIONARY BIODIVERSITY
Biology 162 LAB EXAM 2, AM Version Thursday 24 April 2003 page 1 Question Set 1: Animal EVOLUTIONARY BIODIVERSITY (a). We have mentioned several times in class that the concepts of Developed and Evolved
More informationBiology Slide 1 of 50
Biology 1 of 50 2 of 50 What Is a Reptile? What are the characteristics of reptiles? 3 of 50 What Is a Reptile? What Is a Reptile? A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial
More informationSponges and cnidarians were the first animals to evolve from a multicellular ancestor.
Section 3: Sponges and cnidarians were the first animals to evolve from a multicellular ancestor. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Vocabulary Review diploid New filter feeder sessile
More information26-3 Cnidarians Slide 2 of 47
2 of 47 What Is a Cnidarian? What is a cnidarian? 3 of 47 What Is a Cnidarian? What Is a Cnidarian? Cnidarians are soft-bodied, carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circles around
More informationName Class Date. After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 14 4 Vertebrates SECTION Introduction to Animals BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How are vertebrates different from invertebrates? How
More informationDiapsida. BIO2135 Animal Form and Function. Page 1. Diapsida (Reptilia, Sauropsida) Amniote eggs. Amniote egg. Temporal fenestra.
Diapsida (Reptilia, Sauropsida) Vertebrate phylogeny Mixini Chondrichthyes Sarcopterygii Mammalia Pteromyzontida Actinopterygii Amphibia Reptilia! 1! Amniota (autapomorphies) Costal ventilation Amniote
More informationDiapsida. BIO2135 Animal Form and Function. Page 1. Diapsida (Reptilia, Sauropsida) Amniote egg. Membranes. Vertebrate phylogeny
Diapsida (Reptilia, Sauropsida) 1 Vertebrate phylogeny Mixini Chondrichthyes Sarcopterygii Mammalia Pteromyzontida Actinopterygii Amphibia Reptilia!! Amniota (autapomorphies) Costal ventilation Amniote
More informationVertebrates. skull ribs vertebral column
Vertebrates skull ribs vertebral column endoskeleton in cells working together tissues tissues working together organs working together organs systems Blood carries oxygen to the cells carries nutrients
More informationOrigin and Evolution of Birds. Read: Chapters 1-3 in Gill but limited review of systematics
Origin and Evolution of Birds Read: Chapters 1-3 in Gill but limited review of systematics Review of Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Aves Characteristics: wings,
More information13. Swim bladder function: A. What happens to the density of a fish if the volume of its swim bladder increases?
Ch 11 Review - Use this worksheet as practice and as an addition to your Chapter 11 Study Guide. Test will only be over Ch 11.1-11.4. (Ch 11.5 Fossil and Paleontology section will not be on your test)
More informationChordates -> Vertebrates. From basal Deuterostomes
Chordates -> Vertebrates From basal Deuterostomes Outline Origins of Deuterostomes & Chordates Characteristics of Deuterostomes & Chordates Themes in Chordate evolution? Vertebrate adaptations? How are
More informationExceptions: Somebody liked snakes. Some people disliked dogs, geese, sharks
Unit 1: ANIMALS Exceptions: Somebody liked snakes Some people disliked dogs, geese, sharks Both animals are fascinating & worthy of our interest ANIMAL NAMES Taxonomy is a branch of biology that categorizes
More informationSubphylum Vertebrata
Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Agnatha (jawless vertebrates) Class Myxini Class Cephalaspidomorphi Superclass Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Class Chondrichthyes Class Osteichthyes Class Amphibia Class
More informationNo limbs Eastern glass lizard. Monitor lizard. Iguanas. ANCESTRAL LIZARD (with limbs) Snakes. No limbs. Geckos Pearson Education, Inc.
No limbs Eastern glass lizard Monitor lizard guanas ANCESTRAL LZARD (with limbs) No limbs Snakes Geckos Species: Panthera pardus Genus: Panthera Family: Felidae Order: Carnivora Class: Mammalia Phylum:
More informationAnimals. Chapters Exam November 22, 2011
Animals Chapters 32-35 Exam November 22, 2011 Overview of Animals Chapter 32 General Features of Animals and Evolution of the Body Plan General Features of Animals Heterotrophs Multicellular No Cell Walls
More information8/25/ Opening Questions: Are you an animal? What traits do you share with a jellyfish? Chapter 10 Biodiversity 3: Animals
Chapter 10 Biodiversity 3: Animals 10.1 Animals are consumers 10.2 Sponges and cnidarians 10.3 Three phyla of worms 10.4 Mollusks 10.5 Arthropods 10.6 Echinoderms 10.7 Vertebrates 10.8 Fishes 10.9 Amphibians
More informationPhylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms The Acoelomates The acoelomates are animals that lack a coelom. Acoelomates lack a body cavity, and instead the space between the body wall and the digestive tract is filled
More information8/19/2013. Topic 4: The Origin of Tetrapods. Topic 4: The Origin of Tetrapods. The geological time scale. The geological time scale.
Topic 4: The Origin of Tetrapods Next two lectures will deal with: Origin of Tetrapods, transition from water to land. Origin of Amniotes, transition to dry habitats. Topic 4: The Origin of Tetrapods What
More informationThe Worms / Chapter 34 and Partial 35 (pgs )
Name: The Worms / Chapter 34 and Partial 35 (pgs.712-716) 1-6. Worms are not the simple organisms most people think of at first sight. List three specific features that support the idea that worms are
More informationName Date Class. From the list below, choose the term that best completes each sentence.
Name Date Class Structure and Function of Vertebrates Review and Reinforce Birds Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. What are four characteristics that all birds share? 2. What
More informationBirds & Mammals. Chapter 15
Birds & Mammals Chapter 15 What is a Bird? Vertebrate Endothermic Feathered 4 chambered heart Egg laying Fore-limbs adapted for flight Bones nearly hollow (allow for lighter weight) Bird Internal Anatomy
More information1 Sorting It All Out. Say It
CHAPTER 11 1 Sorting It All Out SECTION Classification 7.3.d California Science Standards BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is classification?
More informationA. Body Temperature Control Form and Function in Mammals
Taxonomy Chapter 22 Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Mammals Characteristics Evolution of Mammals Have hair and First appear in the mammary glands Breathe air, 4chambered heart, endotherms
More informationChapter Echinoderms & Invertebrate Chordates
Chapter 23.6+ Echinoderms & Invertebrate Chordates 1 Echinodermata Echino = spiny Derma = skin 2 Echinoderms - Examples Sea stars Sea urchins Sand dollars Sea cucumbers Brittle stars 3 Last Group of Invertebrates
More informationPhylum Chordata. Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles
Phylum Chordata Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles Chordates Three different groups Vertebrates Lancelets Tunicates At some point in their lives, they all have four special body parts Notocord Hollow nerve cord
More informationPhylum Echinodermata -sea stars, sand dollars, sea
Echinoderms Phylum Echinodermata -sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins & sea cucumber -marine -deuterostomes -more closely related to chordates, than to other invertebrates -no head or any other sign of
More information8/19/2013. Topic 5: The Origin of Amniotes. What are some stem Amniotes? What are some stem Amniotes? The Amniotic Egg. What is an Amniote?
Topic 5: The Origin of Amniotes Where do amniotes fall out on the vertebrate phylogeny? What are some stem Amniotes? What is an Amniote? What changes were involved with the transition to dry habitats?
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is a shared characteristic of all chordates? 1) A) dorsal, hollow
More informationChapter 7. Marine Animals Without a Backbone
Chapter 7 Marine Animals Without a Backbone Echinoderms Characteristics of Phylum: Name means "Spiny Skin" Endoskeleton Skeleton on inside of body Covered by tissue All 7000 species exclusively marine
More informationUNIT: INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 1º ESO BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY
UNIT: INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 1º ESO BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY 2015/2016 What do they have in common? What are their differences? What is the theme for the next unit? Vertebrates and Invertebrates 1 Label the animals
More informationReview Inverts 4/17/15. What Invertebrates have we learned about so far? Porifera. Cnidaria. Ctenophora. Molluscs
Review Inverts What Invertebrates have we learned about so far? Porifera sponges Cnidaria jellyfishes, sea anemones, coral Ctenophora comb jellies Molluscs snails, bivalves, octopuses, squid, cuglefish
More informationReproduction in Seed Plants (pp )
Structure and Function of Plants Reading/Notetaking Guide Reproduction in Seed Plants (pp. 388 397) This section gives examples of the group of seed plants known as gymnosperms and angiosperms and describes
More informationAnimal Diversity 3. jointed appendages ventral nervous system hemocoel. - marine
Animal Diversity 3 Lab Goals To learn the bauplan (body plan) and identifying characteristics of the phyla Arthrodopa, Echinodermata, and Chordata along with the main subphyla and classes. Include, in
More informationOrigin and Evolution of Birds. Read: Chapters 1-3 in Gill but limited review of systematics
Origin and Evolution of Birds Read: Chapters 1-3 in Gill but limited review of systematics Review of Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Aves Characteristics: wings,
More informationUnit 19.3: Amphibians
Unit 19.3: Amphibians Lesson Objectives Describe structure and function in amphibians. Outline the reproduction and development of amphibians. Identify the three living amphibian orders. Describe how amphibians
More informationClassification of Animals. adapted from
Classification of Animals Animals With Backbones AMPHIBIAN FISH MAMMAL BIRD REPTILE Animals With Backbones Animals with backbones are called vertebrates. Vertebrates include many different kinds of animals.
More informationREPTILES. Scientific Classification of Reptiles To creep. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Reptilia
Scientific Classification of Reptiles To creep Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Reptilia REPTILES tetrapods - 4 legs adapted for land, hip/girdle Amniotes - animals whose
More informationBio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2006
Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2006 B.D. Mishler, Dept. of Integrative Biology 2-6810, bmishler@berkeley.edu Evolution lecture #4 -- Phylogenetic Analysis (Cladistics) -- Oct.
More informationChapter 7 Study Guide. True/False: If the statement is true, write True. If it is false explain why it is false.
Name: Date of Quiz: Per: Chapter 7 Study Guide Complete this study guide, using complete sentences when appropriate, and turn it in with all of your class notes on the day of the quiz. True/False: If the
More informationChapter 33. Table of Contents. Section 1 Porifera. Section 2 Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores
Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Table of Contents Section 1 Porifera Section 2 Cnidaria and Ctenophora Section 1 Porifera Objectives Describe the basic body plan of a sponge. Describe the process
More informationVertebrates. Chapter. Chapter Outline. MIntroduction
Chapter 35 Vertebrates CHAPTER Chapter Outline 35.1 The Chordates 35.2 The Nonvertebrate Chordates 35.3 The Vertebrate Chordates 35.4 Fishes 35.5 Amphibians 35.6 Reptiles 35.7 Birds 35.8 Mammals 35.9 Evolution
More informationPasig Catholic College. Grade School Department 103 S.Y Be with Jesus, be with the Poor. Science 5 SECOND QUARTER Activity Sheet # 1
PCC @ 103 Be with Jesus, be with the Poor Activity Sheet # 1 TYPE OF ACTIVITY: Discussion on Animal Adaptations: Natural Habitat : Natural Habitat of Animals Learning Objectives : Describe the different
More informationB D. C D) Devonian E F. A) Cambrian. B) Ordovician. C) Silurian. E) Carboniferous. F) Permian. Paleozoic Era
Paleozoic Era A) Cambrian A B) Ordovician B D C) Silurian C D) Devonian E) Carboniferous F) Permian E F The Cambrian explosion refers to the sudden appearance of many species of animals in the fossil record.
More informationModern taxonomy. Building family trees 10/10/2011. Knowing a lot about lots of creatures. Tom Hartman. Systematics includes: 1.
Modern taxonomy Building family trees Tom Hartman www.tuatara9.co.uk Classification has moved away from the simple grouping of organisms according to their similarities (phenetics) and has become the study
More information