Vertebrates. skull ribs vertebral column
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1
2 Vertebrates skull ribs vertebral column
3 endoskeleton in
4 cells working together tissues tissues working together organs working together organs systems
5 Blood carries oxygen to the cells carries nutrients to the cells carries carbon dioxide away from the cells
6 oxygenated blood blood which has received oxygen from the lungs and is on its way to supply the cells with the oxygen they need
7 deoxygenated blood blood which has been to the cells, has delivered the oxygen, and has picked up carbon dioxide
8 Fish 2-chambered heart
9 gills upper chamber lower chamber artery capillaries vein
10 Reptiles and Amphibians 3-chambered heart
11 artery upper chambers lower chamber vein lungs vein capillaries in lungs artery capillaries in body
12 Birds and Mammals 4-chambered heart
13
14 gills lungs Respiration
15 Breathing moving air into and out of the lungs to take in oxygen and to release carbon dioxide
16 central peripheral Nervous System
17 Central Nervous System brain spinal cord
18 sensory organ a collection of sensory receptors and their supporting structures
19 Peripheral Nervous System sensory organs nerves sensory receptors
20 Two Types of Nerves cranial nerves connect your eyes, ears, and nose to your brain
21 Two Types of Nerves spinal nerves carry impulses from sensory receptors of skin and internal organs to the spinal cord
22 Central Nervous System brain spinal cord
23 Peripheral Nervous System optic nerve cranial nerves olfactory nerve spinal nerves auditory nerve
24 Digestive System stomach food esophagus small intestine
25 Digestive System pancreas liver blood vessels food gallbladder small intestine
26 Digestive System stomach food esophagus large intestine anus small intestine
27 Kidneys filter wastes out of the body ureter urinary bladder
28 Ectothermic cold-blooded
29 ectothermic thermic outside heat
30 Bony Fish (Class Osteichthyes) largest group of fish live in water endoskeleton made of bones fins gills scales
31 Lateral Line detects vibrations and pressure
32 Swim Bladder helps the fish adjust to different depths
33 Jawless Fish (Class Agnatha) do not have jaws do not have scales do not have paired fins
34 Cartilage Fish (Class Chondricthyes) sharks, rays, and skates endoskeleton made of cartilage, not of bones
35 double life Amphibian
36 Amphibians are the only vertebrates that go through metamorphosis.
37 Metamorphosis Gills are absorbed as lungs are formed. Heart changes from two chambers to three.
38 Metamorphosis Appetite changes from scum to insects and spiders. Digestive tract changes.
39 Tailless amphibians: frogs and toads
40 Frogs smooth, moist skin always near water Toads rough, dry, bumpy skin can be far away from water
41 Frogs eggs deposited as large jellycoated masses Toads eggs in long, jellycoated strings
42 Frogs strong, long, webbed hind feet for leaping and swimming Toads short hind legs for walking and hopping
43 Common Characteristics start out as tadpoles are ectothermic
44 hibernation state of inactivity during which life processes slow down and stored energy supplies are used up
45 Tailed amphibians: salamander groups
46 Newts rough, dry skin Salamanders smooth, moist skin
47 Breathing keep gills throughout their lives develop lungs lungless
48 ectothermic dry, scaly skin Reptiles eggs with leathery shells can live in either wet or dry environments
49 have lungs Reptiles 3-chambered hearts (most reptiles) internal fertilization of eggs
50 Reptile Groups snakes and lizards alligators and crocodiles turtles tuatara
51 Snakes do not have legs do not have ears keen sense of smell do not have eyelids
52 Lizards have 2 pair of limbs external ear openings have eyelids belly scales similar to other scales
53 alligators crocodiles caimans Crocodilians
54 Crocodilians cold-blooded animals four-chambered hearts large nests for incubation of their eggs feed on fish, turtles, other crocodilians and mammals
55 Crocodiles native to parts of South and Central America, Africa, parts of Asia, and Australia American crocodile is found in southern Florida
56 Crocodile narrow, pointed snouts Alligator broad, rounded snouts
57 Alligators native to North America (U.S.) and China
58 Turtles sea turtles live in the ocean tortoises live on land
59 terrapins Turtles live in fresh water but can come on land
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