CONTENTS. Veterinary Science - Volume 1 No. of Pages: 364 ISBN: (ebook) ISBN: (Print Volume)

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1 CONTENTS VETERINARY SCIENCE Veterinary Science - Volume 1 No. of Pages: 364 ISBN: (ebook) ISBN: (Print Volume) For more information of e-book and Print Volume(s) order, please click here Or contact : eolssunesco@gmail.com

2 CONTENTS Preface vii Veterinary Medicine 1 Craig Stephen, Centre for Coastal Health and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary,Canada James E C Bellamy, Graduate Studies and Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University Prince Edward Island N.Ole Nielsen, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada 2. Origins and Scope 2.1. The Path to 21st Century Veterinary Medicine 2.2. Scope of Veterinary Medicine 3. Trends in Veterinary Medicine 3.1. Societal Trends Population Growth Industrial Technologies Globalization Urbanization Increasing Sensitivity to Animal Welfare Globalization and Industrialization in Food Safety and Security 3.2. Biophysical Trends 3.3. Trends in Science and Technology Comparative and Biomedical Science Computing Technology Evidence-Based Medicine Knowledge Flow and Access to Information 3.4. Trends in the Fields of Veterinary Practice Companion Animals and Horses Food Animals Public Health Wildlife Ecosystem Health 4. Challenges for Veterinary Medicine 4.1. Scientific Challenges Dealing with Complexity Understanding Genomes and Proteomes The Information Explosion and Knowledge Management 4.3. Professional Challenges Veterinary Education Undergraduate Post-graduate Specialization Comprehensive Continuing Education (CE) Paraprofessional Veterinary Education Research 5. Conclusion Veterinary Surveillance 32 John Berezowski, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development,Canada 2. Definition of Surveillance 3. Purpose and Goals of Surveillance 4. Disease Measurement and Event Detection i

3 4.1. Passive Surveillance 4.2. Active Surveillance 4.3. Targeted Surveillance 4.4. Sentinel Surveillance 4.5. Syndromic Surveillance 4.6. Reportable Disease Surveillance 4.7. Abattoir Surveillance 4.8. Emerging Disease Surveillance 5. Conclusion Metabolic Disorders Of Dairy Cattle 56 Burim N. Ametaj, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada 2. Main Metabolic Disorders of Dairy Cattle 2.1. Ruminal Acidosis Definition and Pathogenesis Treatment Prevention 2.2. Laminitis Definition and Pathogenesis Treatment Prevention 2.3. Ketosis Definition and Pathogenesis Treatment Prevention 2.4. Milk Fever Definition and Pathogenesis Treatment Prevention 2.5. Fatty Liver Definition and Pathogenesis Treatment Prevention 3. Research Frontiers 4. Conclusions Veterinary Pathology 74 Richard R. E Uwiera, Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada Trina C. Uwiera, Pediatric Surgery, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada 1. The History of Veterinary Pathology 2. What is Veterinary Pathology and who is the Veterinary Pathologist? 3. Tools of the Trade 3.1. Electron Microscopy 3.2. Immunohistochemistry 3.3. Diagnostic Imaging Fluorescence Microscopy Confocal Microscopy 3.4. Molecular Pathology Small Strand Conformation Polymorphism Comparative Genome Hybridization In situ Hybridization Polymerase Chain Reaction ii

4 3.5. Microdissection of Tissue Samples 3.6. Microarrays 4. Veterinary Pathology and its Application Veterinary Toxicology 89 Robert W. Coppock, DVM, Toxicologist and Assoc Ltd., Faculty of Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Alberta Department of Environmental Health, Concordia University College, Alberta,Canada 1.1. Veterinary Toxicologist Specialist 1.2. Role of Veterinary Toxicology 2. Causes of Animal Diseases 3. Diagnosis of Animal Poisonings 3.1. Disease Diagnosis 4. Animal Sentinels of Environmental Safety 5. Animal Feed Safety 5.1. Animal Feedstuffs and Health 5.2. Contamination of Animal Feedstuffs 5.3. Mycotoxins in Feedstuffs 5.4. Animal Feeding Practices and Health 6. Poisonous Plants Why Poisonous Plants Are Consumed 6.2. Toxicology of Poisonous Plants 7. Zoo Toxins 8. Veterinary Drugs, Medicated Feed Additives, Pesticides and Safe Foodstuffs 9. Over the Counter Drugs and Household and Environmental Substances 10. Pesticides 11. Animals and Terror Comparative Immunology-Based Approaches To Veterinary Diseases 107 Daniel R. Barreda, University of Alberta, Canada. (Corresponding author) Aja M. Rieger, University of Alberta, Canada Nicole C. Girard, University of Alberta, Canada Shannon D.G. Clarahan, University of Alberta, Canada Afolabi F. Eleyinmi, Federal University Technology, Nigeria 2. Molecular Origins of Animal Immunity 3. Cellular Basis for Effector Mechanisms of Animal Immunity 3.1. Development of Animal Immune Cells 3.2. Cross-Talk between Innate and Acquired Arms of the Animal Immune System 4. Comparative Immunology and the Conservation of Immune Defense Mechanisms 4.1. Conservation of Immune Parameters across Evolution 4.2. Conservation of Immune Parameters across Ontogeny 5. Immunity in the Prevention and Control of Animal Diseases 5.1. Animal Immunity in the Prevention and Control of Zoonotic Diseases 5.2. Animal Immunity in the Prevention and Control of Enzootic Diseases 6. Concluding Remarks Veterinary Virology 135 Luis M Schang, Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. Alberta Veterinary Research Institute and Centre for Prion and Protein Folding Diseases. University of Alberta, Canada iii

5 2. Veterinary Sciences in the Foundations of Virology and in Ongoing Virus Discovery 3. Veterinary Sciences in the Discovery and Ongoing Characterization of Prions and Prion Diseases 4. Veterinary Sciences in the Practical Applications of Virology Research 4.1. Veterinary Sciences in the Development of Rational Vaccines 4.2. Veterinary Sciences Ongoing Contribution to Ongoing Vaccine Development 4.3. Veterinary Virology in the Ongoing Development of Antiviral Drugs 5. Veterinary Viruses as Models to Study Pathogenesis of Human Viruses 6. Conclusion Veterinary Bacteriology 158 Arif Sheena, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 2. Animal Health 2.1. Cattle Mastitis Collibacillosis Foot Rot 2.2. Sheep Enterotoxaemia Paratuberculosis Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis 2.3. Pigs Pneumonia Atrophic Rhinitis Erysipelas Greasy Pig Disease 2.4. Horses Strangles Tetanus Pneumonia 2.5. Dogs Cystitis Pyoderma 2.6. Cats Pinkeye or Conjunctivitis 2.7. Poultry Campylobacteriosis Mycoplasmosis 2.8. Fish Hemorrhagic Septicemia Flexibacter columnaris 3. Zoonoses 3.1. Anthrax 3.2. Brucellosis 3.3. Tuberculosis 3.4. Tularemia 3.5. Psittacosis 4. Food Safety 4.1. Escherichia coli O157:H Salmonella spp Listeria monocytogenes 4.4. Vibrio parahaemolyticus 4.5. Staphylococcus aureus 5. Preventive Measures 6. Conclusion iv

6 Veterinary Mycology 171 Jalpa P. Tewari, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada 2. Characteristics and Classification of Fungi 3. Dermatophytosis 4. Malassezia Dermatitis and Otis Externa 5. Blastomycosis 6. Histoplasmosis 7. Cryptococcosis 8. Coccidioidomycosis 9. Paracoccidioidomycosis 10. Sporotrichosis 11. Aspergillosis 12. Penicilliosis 13. Candidiasis 14. Zygomycosis 15. Mycotoxicosis 16. Conclusions Veterinary Helminthology 227 Lydden Polley, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada 2. Helminths- Life Cycles 3. Helminths and Host Ecology Linkages and Shifts 4. Nematodes - Basics 5. Cestodes - Basics 6. Trematodes - Basics 7. Helminths and Disease-Mechanisms 8. Helminths Infection and Disease Detection 9. Helminths Infection and Disease Treatment and Control 10. Helminths and Livestock Nematodes Cestodes Trematodes 11. Helminths and Horses Nematodes Cestodes Trematodes 12. Helminths and Dogs and Cats Nematodes Cestodes Trematodes 13. Helminth Shared by Animals and People Zoonoses 14. Helminths and Wildlife 15. Looking Forward v

7 Biology Of Select Zoonotic Protozoan Infections Of Domestic Animals 253 A. Oladiran, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada S. J. Hitchen, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada B.A. Katzenback, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada M. Belosevic, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada 2. The Apicomplexa 2.1. Eimeria Epidemiology Biology and Life Cycle Host Defense and Pathology Diagnosis and Treatment 2.2. Theileria Epidemiology Biology and Life Cycle Host Defense and Pathology Diagnosis and Treatment 2.3. Cryptosporidium Epidemiology Biology and Life Cycle Host Defense and Pathology Diagnosis and Treatment 3. The Flagellates 3.1. Giardia Epidemiology Biology and Life Cycle Host Defense and Pathology Diagnosis and Treatment 3.2. African Trypanosomes Epidemiology Biology and Life Cycle Host Defense and Pathology Diagnosis and Treatment Veterinary Ectoparasitology 276 Douglas D. Colwell, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Canada Domenico Otranto, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Italy 2. Impact of ectoparasites 3. Insects 3.1 Flies (Diptera) Myiasis Blood-feeding flies Non-biting Flies 3.2 Fleas 3.3 Lice 4. Arachnids 4.1 Ticks 4.2 Mites 5. Conclusions Index 307 About EOLSS 311 vi