Identification in the process of flow individuals intermodal transportation in the trans-shipping terminal

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1 Scientific Jounals Maitime Univesity of Szczecin Zeszyty Naukowe Akaemia Moska w Szczecinie, 9() pp. 8, 9() s. 8 Ientification in the pocess of flow iniviuals intemoal tanspotation in the tans-shipping teminal Ientyfikacja w pocesie pzepływu jenostek tanspotu intemoalnego w teminalu pzełaunkowym Alona Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska, Zbigniew Łukasik Technical Univesity of aom Politechnika aomska 6-6 aom, ul. Malczewskiego 9, a.kusminska@p.aom.pl Key wos: tans-shipping teminal, FID Abstact In the esult of the citical analysis execution of functioning tans-shipping teminals in the national fowaing system the ientification JTI system was pesente. It use to solve ecision poblems, an also it will impove the pocesses of the flow JTI though the tans-shipping teminal. Słowa kluczowe: teminal pzełaunkowy, FID Abstakt W wyniku pzepowazenia kytycznej analizy funkcjonowania pzełaunkowych teminali w kajowym systemie tanspotowym zapezentowano system ientyfikacji JTI, któy pozwali ozwiązać poblemy ecyzyjne, a także uspawni pocesy pzepływu JTI pzez teminal pzełaunkowy. Intouction Two lan teminals ae the object of the authos investigations A an B, they on the basis of own expeiences ealize in whose ispatches on up to ate facing of the istibution of Iniviuals Tanspotation Intemoal (JTI) in the han way (i.e. witing own the numbe JTI in the secto of stoing on the plan tans-shipping teminal). The lack is so fa implementation solutions on the atum featue of the technology FID (aio Fequency IDentification) helping the pocesses of the flow JTI. In the futue tans-shipping teminals suppot new technologies an not use fom the newest netwok-boacasting solutions they ae sentence on the natual eath. The initiate of the technology FID in the lan teminal has on the aim enlagement efficiency stees the steam JTI though what will also contibute exchange, ciculation an pocessing of infomation, the loweing of costs an impovement, the quality of customes sevice, to the competitiveness of tanspotation intemoal. eplacing han pocesses the implementation of the technology FID in the tans- -shipping teminal will help the management JTI. This will make possible the opeatos moe quickly an effective to aministe JTI, what the tansfe function will impove in the tun, it will euce opeating costs, the time of the expectation of oa vehicles on loa will as also let shoten / the tans- -shipment JTI, an the ientifications of iniviuals on the squae []. Teminals of tanspotation intemoal in Polan Fist of all lan an sea (mainly containe) teminals an logistic centes (Fig. ) ceate the punctual infastuctue of the lattice of tanspotation intemoal in Polan. It is anticipate that in ou county will incease the tunove of Euopean tae as a esult of a combination of such factos as []: Scientific Jounals 9()

2 Ientification in the pocess of flow iniviuals intemoal tanspotation in the tans-shipping teminal Fig.. Intemoal tanspot teminals in Polan [3] ys.. Teminale tanspotu intemoalnego w Polsce [3] natual incease the incease of tae between EU counties an neighboing counties in Cental an Easten Euope; incease the limit envionmental tightening that will enhance the evelopment of intemoal tanspot; incease the efficiency the evelopment of EU policy on tanspot uses loa fees, which will cause competition between iffeent tanspot moes an will pomote intemoal tanspot; EU enlagement to new counties shoul ceate significant oppotunities fo futhe evelopment of the mosels lan intemoal tanspot chains, an this applies to, among othes, Baltic Sea counties, an especially Polan, the significant incease in tunove with the EU is paticulaly impotant fom the stanpoint of maine Polish position in the egion. Given the above tens, loaing teminals in Polan must be pepae to accept JTI that pocesses ae in them without intefeence. Analysis examine the functioning of teminals An analysis of the suveye lan teminals flows the following isavantages face in thei aily wok: communication via walkie-talkies; Opeatos an ispatches hanling evices communicate with each othe via walkie-talkies, an usually moe than one opeato is tying to get infomation about the position of ispatche JTI o payoll office, which leas to a telecommunications netwok congestion [4]. confusion between JTI; Hanling equipment opeatos must seek infomation about the location of the ispatche JTI o payoll office, which leas to incease confusion geneate by the human facto. eliance on expeience pesonnel; Because not all infomation is stoe on compute, to a lage extent the impotance of knowlege wokes is the location of the JTI in the teminal. In case of illness, o the employee leaves the teminal, loses much of its functionality. Futhemoe, the pocess of taining new employees takes a long time. low efficiency of the seach JTI; Afte eceiving the oe fom a custome to a specific JTI, which meets the equiements, the ispatche salay must fist fin the JTI that meets the state equiements. Since the JTI coul be shifte, often they ae not thee, whee it shows functioning system (if any). Zeszyty Naukowe 9() 3

3 Alona Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska, Zbigniew Łukasik The analysis conucte by the authos uing eseach shows that an effective system of ientification of lan-base teminals JTI shoul meet the following conitions: povie fo monitoing of changes in the position of JTI; ensue the accuacy, availability, exchange, ciculation an pocessing of ata; steamline pocesses, management; the ientification system shoul be integate with the opeating systems, planning an lan management in the teminal. As a esult, the analysis foun that the best set of equiements can be met in the pocess of FID system flow JTI tansshipment teminal, which will implement the following esults: eaing will take place immeiately afte fining make JTI within the antenna tansmitting eceiving; unesticte access to ata; euce aministative costs the ciculation of ocuments; faste, moe efficient flow contol JTI. The aim of achieve specifie above conitions, it shoul consie many aspects egaing the stana of FID, the fist point to pecisely analyze the achitectue of a stana FID system, its paametes, an that ceates oppotunities fo exploitation. Infastuctue an the technical possibilities of tans-shipping teminals Infastuctue an the technical possibilities of tans-shipping teminals stuie by authos wee intouce in the table. Table. Technical possibility of teminals A an B Tabela. Możliwości techniczne teminali A i B Technical possibility Teminal A Teminal B Tans-shipping possibilities 4 ton 4 ton Numbe an the length of ailway tacks 7 mb = 4 mb 7 mb = 4 mb Suface of the teminal 76 m 84 m Aea of stoing 53 8 m 4 8 m Possibility of stoing Kin eloae JTI 6 TEU, 3laye containes, eplaceable boies, semitailes Achitectue of the system FID 5 TEU, 3 laye containes, eplaceable boies, semitailes Technology FID (aio Fequency IDentification) is wieless ientification of objects make tags. The FID system consists of with at least one eae that communicates (Calle ea \ Wite Device) via a aio link with at least one tanspone, to ea (wite) a unique ientification numbe an othe ata stoe in nonvolatile memoy tag. The infomations ea fom the aio tanspone (e.g. 96-bit coe EPC Electonic Pouct Coe) [5] ae tansmitte to a compute system, fo pope pocessing. To ea, the tanspone must be place in an electomagnetic fiel geneate by the eae antenna, the ea ange can vay fom a few mm to seveal hune metes, incluing epening on whethe the tanspone is passive (powe to opeate is povie by the eae), o active (has its own powe supply). Tags can opeate in iffeent fequency anges (Fig. ) epening on the application an the county (Fig. 3). Most ae not license, the public ISM ban (Inustial Scientific Meical). Until not long in Polan an most of the foce stana ETSI (Euopean Telecommunications Stanas Institute) EN 3 - ( MHz,.5 W), which limite the possibilities of this technology to each about.5 m. at the en of 5, nealy half of Euopean counties incluing Polan aopte a new stana EN 3 8 (ETSI), which envisages use a wie fequency ange ( MHz). Selecte ban affects the ea ange an metho of coupling between the eae an tag ientifie [6]. Due to the iffeent natue of electomagnetic fiels, epening on the istance fom the aiating antenna is istinguishe by the ange of fiels nea an fa fiels, whee the esciption of phenomena occuing is base on iffeent physical moels. The bounay between the fequency anges fo which the moel is use, it is conventional an falls on the VHF ban []. The aea nea fiel applies to bans fom LF to HF (Fig. 4.) an is chaacteize by the stoe enegy in the fiel of one type, not showing the same enegy popagation. Fa fiel (UHF) is chaacteize by the popagation of enegy aially fom the antenna. Conjugation though the electomagnetic fiel (fa fiel) Eveything may be foun in between the eae an the othe systems (fequently WMS o EP), can be geneally efine as an intemeiate laye (milewae) []. The functions of the milewae inclue: Management of eaes allows uses to configue, monito, unning, an sen commans iectly to eaes though the common inteface. 4 Scientific Jounals 9()

4 Ientification in the pocess of flow iniviuals intemoal tanspotation in the tans-shipping teminal Fig.. Fequence stans use in the technology FID [6] ys.. Pasma częstotliwości używane w technologii FID [6] Fig. 3. Fequence stans use in the technology FID in the wol [5] ys. 3. Pasma częstotliwości używane w technologii FID na świecie [5] Fig. 4. Woking pinciple of the technology FID fo high fequencies [7] ys. 4. Zasay ziałania technologii FID la wysokich częstotliwości [7] Zeszyty Naukowe 9() 5

5 Alona Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska, Zbigniew Łukasik Data management ata etieval fom the eaes. The possibility of intelligent filteing an iecting them to appopiate estinations. Application Integation povies the possibility of sening messages, the communication equie to integate FID ata with existing supply chain management (SCM), EP, waehouse management (WMS), an elationship management (CM). Integation with patnes povies a solution fo collaboation, such as the integation of business-to-business (BB) between patnes. It opeates in the maket many types of equipment an stanas fo aio fequencies on which they opeate. Fo these easons, each of the elements of the system chosen must be appopiate to implement, consieing the paticula nees an expectations of the use an the envionment (envionment an scale), in which the FID system will wok. Signal popagation in fee space Mobile aio communication is a banch of telecommunications aiming to tansfe infomation by aio to an fom objects moving, o stationay on lan sea an ai [8]. In the eal envionment (tans-shipping teminal) in lan mobile aio communication, in the istinction fom the open space, aio waves on oa among boacasting aeial an aeial eceiving face of the obstacle which change thei gea as a esult of phenomena such as: eflections, iffaction (eflectio), efaction (issipation), popagation which bing in aitional suppession an the faing of the signal cause. On figue 5 the pattenel of two-way popagation being the simplification of the pactical situation was intouce [9]. The boacasting aeial of the basic station will be place on the height h, an the eceiving aeial on the height h. It caies out metic along the suface of the goun among aeials an is consieably lage the than height the suspensions of aeials. It was put that the signal goun in to eceive set afte two oas: iect an with the eflection fom base pape (Fig. 5) nea what let the coefficient of the eflection a =, what maks that base pape woks as the ieal loss-fee suface pinting. Powe of the signal gining in to eceive set caies out then []: P ( ) j j P( ) e e () Pime geometical epenences let mak the lengths of iniviual oas []: ( h ( h h ) h ) () Fo some istance, the signals on both oas a up with opposite phases, which causes a ecease in signal stength. Fo othe values of the istance, the signals a up to compatible phases, so that the signal level inceases again. Of couse thee ae many intemeiate situations. Two-way channel moel is a majo simplification, but epesents the essence of the impact of multipath on the eception. The following will be ealt with even appoximate the eceive powe vaiation as a function of istance P (), which will be chaacteize by a ownwa ten mentione. With the aopte assumptions of much lage istance between the antennas than thei height, the istance an ae slightly iffeent, so that it can be eplace by Fig. 5. Illustation of the phenomenon of multipath popagation in the tans-shipping teminal [9] ys. 5. Ilustacja fenomenu wielościeżkowego ozłaunku w teminalu pzełaunkowym [9] 6 Scientific Jounals 9()

6 Ientification in the pocess of flow iniviuals intemoal tanspotation in the tans-shipping teminal the istance an emove it fom the sign of absolute value. The phase iffeence signal coming fom both oas is as follows []: πf c π (3) They can be bought moe close by fomulae nea the exchange founations of metic an []: ( h h ) (4) ( h h ) (5) This esults appoximation fom the use of the evelope view of the aical function in the Taylo s ow an leaving the wo of fist stage. It esults that the iffeence of metic caies out then fom these equations, theefoe, the iffeence of the bevels of signals coming afte both oas is even []: π h h (6) Ultimately, the powe eceive by the aopte assumptions can be expesse by the fomula: ) j P ( ) P( e (7) that fo small angles Δφ, knowing e ( j ) that simplifies to the fom [] P ( ) P( ) P( π ) 4h h P G T T G h 4 h j (8) This fomula shows that the appeaance of the secon oute (in aition to the iect oute) has seious consequences fo the op in eceive powe as a function of the istance. When two-way eceive powe is invesely popotional to the fouth powe of the istance. The logaithmic scale means that powe loss is 4 B pe ecae istance, in contast to B pe ecae in the case of single pipe tansmission, iect space. Two-way is only a theoetical chance that gives insight into the impact of multipath tansmission on the channel popeties. In pactice, we ae ealing with a lage numbe of oas cause by the paticula shape of the envionment. In geneal, the eceive signal stength at a istance fom the tansmitting antenna is often efee to by the fomula []: P( ) (9) P whee the value of the powe γ epens on the envionment popagation an containe in the locke fom to 5.5. It shoul be notice that powe taken back in the function of metic among aeials in the case many ways is chaacteize by peioical faing. These faing, calle shot tem, they have vaious fequency an the time of uation in epenence fom applie beaing fequency, the metic of aeials an the connecte with he level of the envelope of the signal gining in to eceive set. The fequency of shot tem faing an the aveage time of uation on the level ae essential paametes chaacteizing the aio channel. The illustation of the faing of envelope about vaious epth an the time of uation was intouce on figue 6. Fig. 6. The example couse of envelope in the time with clea faing [8] ys. 6. Pzykła okywania w czasie z wyaźnym zanikiem [8] As it is known, the function of the thickness of the pobability of envelope is escibe by ayleigh s expansion: p ( ) exp () whee σ ae the aveage powe of the signal. Element fom the aveage-squae value of envelope is appointe as []: ms E The fequency of these outages on the bounay of a specifie level is efine as the aveage numbe of exceeances of this level in the secon at the ising ege of failue (when the eivative of the envelope signal ' is geate than ). It can be euce fom the following fomula []: N ( ) ' p(, ') ' () Zeszyty Naukowe 9() 7

7 Alona Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska, Zbigniew Łukasik p(, ) is the associative thickness of the pobability of the vaiable anom an whee, the pobability expesses now, that caies out the level of the envelope of the signal an the eivative envelope of the signal caies out. The function of the associative thickness of the pobability p(, ) can be expesse fo the help of the pouct of thickness pobability function p () an p ( ) which means that changing anom an ae inepenent: p(, ') p ( ) p ( ') () Afte substituting the above expession () to fomula () we obtain: N( ) ' p ( ) p exp ( ') ' ' p It can be convete into: N ( ') ' π ( ) max (3) f D e (4) whee: f Dmax the maximum Dopple fequency [9]. Poblems esulting fom the implementation of FID system Although the implementation of FID system is beneficial in tansshipment teminal, thee ae seveal poblems that still nee attention: Mateial poblems; Containe is mae fom the metal, which pints the aio wave. Wate absobs aio waves, the public meeting is unusually ha to follow poucts with the high content of wate, o the one who is fom the metal. The woking of the system will be, so stongly istube by these two factos, howeve, the easonable isposing Tag to this of aapte shoul eliminate this poblem. Electomagnetic intefeence; Testing the system has to be execute vey thooughly, because of many souces of electomagnetic intefeence function on the teain tansshipping teminal, e.g. iffeent systems. Issues of human natue, esistance to change; People teat changes often eluctantly, especially so aical, how pesente system. It maybe comes to topeoing the implementation of this system. Poblems of the business natue; The implementation of the technology FID attacts fo oneself the necessity of the suen change of whole lattice oganizational tans-shipping teminal an the pinciples of its woking in the aim of the achievement of avantage fom the system implementation [4]. Conclusions In compaison with the ecie majoity of Euopean counties, Polan (3) oes not un away fom them except of Gemany (9), Italy (4), Czech (65), Fance (83) in elation to the quantity of teminals. Although thee ae questions. How many of the Polish teminals emain only in name? An how the existing goun teminals in ou county will cope with the geate numbe of JTI, which will be steame to them in accoance with estimate foecasts? The answe is simple. To effectively opeate the intemoal tanspot chains in teestial teminals nee to eploy moen technologies to fom of hamonization of tanspot systems in Euope. efeences. KUŚMIŃSKA-FIJAŁKOWSKA A., ŁUKASIK Z.: Ientification of the iniviuals of tanspotation intemoal an technical solutions in the tans-shipping teminal. MTE Confeence, Świnoujście, Polan.. WONKA J.: Combine Tanspot in the aspect of sustainable evelopment. OBET Scientific Publishes, Wasaw, Polan Szczecin KUŚMIŃSKA-FIJAŁKOWSKA A., ŁUKASIK Z.: The Tansmission of the Infomation of the System of Telecommunicational Dect in the Shipping Teminal. Confeence Tans- Nav, Gynia 9, Polan. 5. FINKENZELLE K.: FID Hanbook: Funamentals an applications in contactless smat cas an ientification. John Wiley & Sons, Chicheste JANKOWSKI H., KZAK Ł., SZCZUKOWSKI M., WAZECHA M., WOEK C.: Technology of the aio ientification of objects FID. Electotechnical eview, SZCZUOWSKI M.: Pouction an steeing magnetical fiel fo the aio ientification of objects FID an the inuctive money tansfe of enegy. PhD thesis Cacow, Polan. 8. JACKOWSKI S.: Telecommunication,,. aom Technical Univesity, KUŚMIŃSKA-FIJAŁKOWSKA A., ŁUKASIK Z.: Popagation FEM on aeas about the fole achitectual lattice the tans-shipping lan teminal. Confeence Zakopane 9, aom Technical Univesity, Polan.. WESOŁOWSKI K.: Mobile aio Systems. WKŁ, 3, Polan. Othes. KUŚMIŃSKA-FIJAŁKOWSKA A. ŁUKASIK Z.: The Lanaus Shipping Teminal In Pocesses Flow Steam Iniviuals Intemoal Tanspotion. TansNav Gynia, Polan.. ŁUKASIK Z., KUŚMIŃSKA A.: Tanspotation intemoal in the pocesses of the flow of cagos, stage III. aom Technical Univesity, 7, Polan. 8 Scientific Jounals 9()