A) Carlous Linneaus Father of Taxonomy Systema Naturae (1735) B) Peter Duesberg C) Charles Darwin Origin of Species - (1859)

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Study Guide THE Bio 2 LECTURE Final You will need a scantron 884. The final will be all T/F, Matching, Multiple Choice. There will be no fill in or short answers.

1 Study Guide THE Bio 2 LECTURE Final You will need a scantron 884. The final will be all T/F, Matching, Multiple Choice. There will be no fill in or short answers. You will have to be able to recognize plants and animals (and others) from color pictures. You will also need to know the sounds (calls) of the animals listed. The Lecture Final with have lecture questions, lab questions, and field trip questions! The Lectutre final will count as a Lecture Final AND as a third exam (and I will take the best two of your three exams!) 1) Know these people, dates, and events/works A) Carlous Linneaus Father of Taxonomy Systema Naturae (1735) B) Peter Duesberg C) Charles Darwin Origin of Species - (1859) 2) Know these Oxygen Requirements: 3) Know these 5 groups of bacteria and the examples we used of each: A) Proteobacteria B) Gram + Bacteria C) Chlamydias D) Spirochetes E) Cyanobacteria. For the examples, make sure you know the disease they cause (if any). You do not need to know their oxygen requirements, shapes, or what type of toxin they have. 4) Know the four supergroups and the clades and disease that are caused by the following organisms: Giardia, Trichimonas, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Saproglenia (Water Mold), Entameoba. Know the vectors for Trypanosoma and Plasmodium. Also, know the clades Diatoms and Forams and what types of tests (or shells) they have. 5) Know the general characteristics of Fungi: Aseptate and septate hyphae, cell wall with chitin, heterotropic and store sugar as glycogen. Know that Rhizopus causes Black Bread Mold and belongs in the division Zygomycota (or Zygomycetes). Know that Chytridiomycota have flagella which is rare in Fungi. Know that Glomeromycota form important mutualistic relationships with plant roots. Know that Dutch Elm Disease, truffles, and the drug Pencillin all come from Fungi that belong in the division Ascomycota (or Ascomycetes). Know what a lichen is and what a pioneer species is.

Know that mad cow disease is caused by a Prion. 8) In the non-vascular seedless plants (such as mosses), make sure you know the difference between a sporophyte and a gametophyte.

2 6) What type of cells make up the domain Archaea? What are the three groups within the Archaeae? 7) Be sure to know the following viruses, the basic symptoms of the diseases they cause, how they are transmitted: HIV, Polio, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis C, Rabies, Influenza. Know that mad cow disease is caused by a Prion. 8) In the non-vascular seedless plants (such as mosses), make sure you know the difference between a sporophyte and a gametophyte. Also make sure you know that the gametophyte is haploid and contains either male structures (antheridia) or female structures (archegonia). 9) The micro and macronutrients from hydroponic studies. 10) Be able to the difference between a monocot root, a dicot root, a monocot stem, and a dicot stem. 11) know the basic structures of secondary growth of a stem: 12) Know the basic differences between monocots and dicots: 13) Know the following modified stems: stolons (strawberries), Rhizomes (irises), tubers (potatoes), bulbs & corms (onions), Cladophylls (cactus) 14) Know the following modified leaves: tendrils (climbing vines), bracts (poinsettia), spines (cactus), storage leaves (succulents) 15) Know the following modified roots: food storage (carrots, sweet potatoes), water storage (pumpkins), propagative roots (cherries, pears), Pnematophores (Mangrove trees), Aerial roots (orchids).

16) Know which nutrients (by name) are micronutrients and which are macronutrients (you do not need to know amounts of functions on chemical symbols.

3 16) Know which nutrients (by name) are micronutrients and which are macronutrients (you do not need to know amounts of functions on chemical symbols. 17) Know the effectives of red and far red light on the flowering of long and short day plants. 18) Know the geological time scale. 19) Know the general locations of biomes on the earth: 20) Know which animals are protostomes and which are deuterostomes 21) Know the cladogram of the basic animal phyla: 22) Know which organisms are diploblastic and which are triploblastic 23) Know the following parasitic worms and their mode of infection: Schistosoma, Clonorchis, Taenia, Enchinococcus, Ancylostoma, Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella, Wuchereria, Dracunuclus. 24) Know the characteristics, general features, and classes of the phylum Mollusca: Monoplacophora, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Scaphophoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda. 25) Know the following orders and characteristics of insects: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Odontata. 26) Know the following classes and characteristics of the phylum Echinodermata: Asteroidea, Opiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, Holothuroidea. 27) Know what phylum and subphylum tunicates are in as well as the lancelates.

4 28) Know the different types of reproduction seen in sharks (viviparity, oviparity, ovoviviparity) and the examples given for each. 29) Know these orders of fish, characteristics, and examples: Coelocantiformes, Acipenseriformes, Cypriniformes, Synganthiformes, & Scombriformes. 30) Know the basic characteristics of the three orders of amphibians: urodela, anurans, apodans. 31) Know the structures and functions of the amniotic egg 32) Know the basic characteristics of the classes of reptiles: Testudines (or Chelonia) (No teeth, plastron, carapace, temperature dependent sex (low males, high females)), Sphenodontia (Tuataras, New Zealand, not a true lizard, no external ears, well developed eye under skin), Squamata (snakes and Lizards, temperature dependent sex (low females, middle males, high females) (type II). Crocodilia (crocodiles and alligators, switchable 3-4 chambered heart). 33) Know the general characteristics of birds (hollow bones, endothermic, reduced organs, no teeth). Know the following orders, characteristics and example: Passeriformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Apodiformes, Falconiformes, Piciformes, 34) Know the basic characteristics of mammals: Hair, Endothermic, Mammary Glands, Live birth (with two exceptions), teeth differentiation, jaw modified to incorporate bones into inner ear. Be sure to know the following orders, examples, and characteristics: Monotremata, Marsupialia, Proboscidea, Sirenia, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Primates, Carnivora, Artiodacyla, Perissodactyla. 35) Comparative Physiology Know the structures of the four chambered heart. Know what happens during systole and diastole and what causes the lub dub sound of a heart beat. What is normal blood pressure. What is a stroke volume and cardiac output. 36) What is conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporative cooling. What is the difference between an ectotherm and endotherm. 37) What is the difference between and open and closed circulatory system and which animals have which? 38) What is innate immunity vs. acquired immunity. 39) How do Class 1 MHC s differ from Class 2 MHC s? What binds to a CD4 receptor vs. a CD8 receptor. Explain the difference between active and passive immunity. 40) Understand how a resting potential is generated in a neuron. Understand how an action potential is generated and how neurons communicate. Know the neurotransmitters we

5 discussed in class and the functions and specific targets of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. 41) Know the structures and functions of the following parts of the vertebrate brain: pons, medulla oblongata, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, cerebellum, cerebrum. Know the following fish from the lab pictures: Great White Shark (4,200 lbs, ovoviviparous) Hammerhead Shark (1,000 lbs, viviparous, 10x more likely to detect prey ) Whale Shark (47,000lbs, largest fish in the ocean) Coelacanth (rostal organ) Arowana (mouth brooder) Piranha (ability to detect blood) Knifefish (can generate electrical fields for protection & communication) Pike (20% of diet include other pike) Dragonfish (can produce & perceive red and blue-green light, ft deep) Hatchetfish (uses photophores for counter illumination, 200 to 2000 ft deep) Lanternfish (photophores for bioluminescence, 1000 to 5000 ft deep). California grunion (spawn in sandy shores) Flying fish (uses pectoral fins to guide 160-1,300 feet). Seahorses (males have a brood pouch) Garibaldi (State Marine Fish) Clownfish (symbiotic with sea anemone) Marlin (can swim 80 mph) Porcupinefish (have tetrodoxin) Know the following Reptiles & Amphibians and info from the lab pictures: California Newt (Juvenile called an eft, tarichatoxin) California Slender Salamander (lungless) American Bullfrog (call) Pacific Tree Frog (call) Green Sea Turtle Desert Tortoise (95% of their life spent in burrows) Mata Mata (Found in South America) Tuatara (New Zealand, not a lizard, no external ear) Chameleons (Change color social signaling) Chuckwalla (inflate with air between rocks) Desert Iguana (withstand high body temps 42C) Green Iguana (disposable pet) Western Fence Lizard (locally common, blue belly) Side Blotched Lizard (locally common, dark spot on side)

6 Horned Lizard (myrmecophagous, some can squirt blood from the eye) Gila Monster (one of three venomous lizards) King Cobra (world s largest venomous snake 18.8 feet) California King Snake (non-venomous eat other snakes) Western Rattlesnake (recognize rattle sound, found locally) Gavial (long snout) Alligator (wider u shaped snout) Crocodile (v shaped snout, 4 th tooth on lower jaw sticks up when mouth is closed) Know the following Birds and info from the lab pictures: Archaeopteryx (One of the oldest birds, has teeth, feathers, long claw and tail) Cardinal (red color due to carotenoids in berries from dogwood tree) Red-Winged Blackbird (call, polygyny) Sage Grouse (lekking) Brown Headed Cowbird (Brood Parasite) Great Blue Heron Harpy Eagle Peregrine Falcon (220 MPH) European Starling (Introduced in central park because of Shakespearean plays) Roadrunner (torpor) Cactus Wren (call, multiple nest for temperature regulation) Gambel s Quail (Body Temp of 104, can lose 50% of body weight in water) Black Phoebe (flycatcher, pumps tail up and down when perched) Western Bluebird (last year often helps at nest) Barn Owl (call) Great Horned Owl (call) Mocking bird (call) Bushtit (call) Know the following Mammals and info from the lab pictures: Spiny Echnida (Australia, appears in the cretaceous) Duck-Billed Platypus (Australia, appears in the cretaceous) Koala (Australia, sleep 20 hours a day, eat eucalyptus) Aardvark (eats ants, from south america) Capybara (from South America, largest rodent in the world). Flying Lemur (have a gliding membrane called a patagium) Gorillas (found in forests in central Africa, a folivorous (eat leaves and stems). Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy, eastern Africa, bipedal hominid with a small brain). Australopithecus africanus (larger brain and more human like) Mountain Lion (largest of the small cats they purr, can weigh 220 lbs). Bobcat (most common wild cat in the US, can weigh 20 lbs). African Lion (one of the four large cats, can weigh 550 lbs, social unusual for cats)

7 Tiger (largest living cat species, 670 lbs) Leopard (smallest of the four big cats, able to climb trees with carcass). Coyote (can run mph, plants often make up 40% of diet) Fox (males called reynards, females called vixens) Polar Bear (largest bear and weighs up to 1500 lbs) Giant Panda (native to China, 99% of diet is bamboo, thumb is modified sesamoid bone) Red Panda (native to China, eats bamboo and eggs, birds, insects, and small mammals). Wolverine (Northern Boreal Forests of Canada, Alaska, Russia fierce and strong) Elephant Seal (males can weigh 4,500 lbs, spend 80% of their lives at sea). Zebras (able to sweat like humans) Rhinoceros (horn made of keratin, prehensile lip which acts like a finger) Hippopotamus (name means river horse) Caribou (also known as reindeer, eat lichens) Eland (possess a dewlap which is believed to help lose heat). Blesbok (not good runners) Lechwe (can run in fast in knee deep water). Dik Dik (type of dwarf antelope, feeding - concentrate selectors). Know the following plants and info from the lab photos Ash Tree (used to make baseball bats) Caster Bean (source of ricin bioterrorism) Eucalyptus (from Australia) Flannel bush (trichom hairs some people are allergic to) Ginko (only males planted, females stink, from China) Toyon (Flowers in winter, Hollyberry) Western Sycamore (Palmately veined leaf) Indian Hawthorn (drought tolerant, from China, planted all over) Catalina Ironwood (ribbon bark, doubly-compound leaves) Field Trip info: Be able to recognize the following from our desert and beach trip and know the information we learned about them: Creosote Bush, Periwinkle, Owl Limpet, Blue-Banded Hermit Crab, Striped Shore Crab, Norris Top Shell, Dead Man s Fingers, Turban Snail, Wavy Turban Snail, Red Algae, Feather Boa Kelp, Willet, Cactus Wren, Mocking Bird, Black Phoebe, Meerkat, Badger, Coati, Bobcat, Mountain Lion, African Wild Dog, Hyena, Coyote, Mexican Wolf, Black-Crowned Night Heron, Great Egret, Snowy Egret, Green Heron, Great Blue Heron, American Kestrel, Arabian Oryx, Camel, Cheetah, Barn Owl, Great Horned Owl, Gila Monster, Leopard, Ring-tailed cat, and Desert Iguana!!!

8 Bio 2 Lab Final Study Guide: FOR ALL ORGANISMS, be able to recognize them from a picture/specimen or microscope slide and (if you had to know them on previous practicals) know what disease or environmental problem the cause, how they are transmitted, and/or how they are used. Also, know the basic taxonomy (Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Family) for each listed IF we learned in class (for example, you do need to know the families of certain plants, but not the families of insects). For the protozoa, know what supergroup each belongs to but that is it. Also, for all the vertebrates listed, you need to know the specific things we mentioned in lab that you needed to know (how big they are, where they are found, what they are used for, etc BUT, most questions will be what is it type.). For the taxonomic groups that we had choices for, you will now need to memorize (ie, you will need to know the orders of insects there will be no sheet!). This study guide covers 99% of the lab final. Bacteria, Archeae, Viruses 1) Be able to recognize the following bacterial shapes: Cocci, Bacillus, Spirilium 2) Be able to distinguish between Gram + and Gram bacteria 3) Know the following bacteria: Clostridium, E. Coli, Treponema, Chlamydia Protozoa 4) Know Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Giardia, Entamoeba, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms, Foramineferans. Fungi 8) Know Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Chytrids. 9) Know the following structures : Conidia, asci, ascospores, Stipe, Cap, annulus, Gills, basidia, basidiospores) 9) Know what a liverwort and moss look like., make sure you know a sporophyte from a gametophyte Know the following plants and what we learned about them: Black Sage, California Buckwheat, California Redbud, California Sagebrush, Catalina Cherry, Cattails, Coast Live Oak, Coffeeberry, Encelia, Ginkgo, California Fan Palm, Mexican Fan palm, Pine Trees, Manzanita, Southern Magnolia, Fremont Cottonwood, Toyon, Western Sycamore, Walnut Tree, White Alder, White Sage, Sugar Bush, Lemonade Berry, Bulrush, Catalina Ironwood, Fringe Tree. Know the rank (in terms of numbers of species), the approximate number of species, and be able to identify the following plant families: Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Cactaceae, Crassulaceae, Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae. Plant Structure and Function Know the structures and differences between a monocot/dicot root/stem. Be able to identify heartwood, sapwood, pith, vascular rays, secondary phloem, vascular cambium and cork. Be able to tell how old a tree is.

9 Invertebrates and Structures Know the following animals and their corresponding taxonomy: Sponges, Sea Jellies, Coral, Earthworms, Ascaris, Beef Tapeworms (including each parasites), Trichnella, Nematoda worms (including each parasite), Lobsters/Crabs/Crayfish, Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks, Fleas, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Orthropetra. Be able to recognize the following structures radula, pedicellaria, tube feet, scolex,, polyp, medusa, cheliped, telson, uropod, Cervical groove, Aristotle s lantern, mandilbe, gills, labial palps, Anterior and Posterior foot retractor, anterior and posterior adductor muscles, pallial line, right/left/top/bottom shells, mantel, foot, open vs. closed ambulacral grooves. Also the make sure you know the testis, ovary, shell gland, and yolk gland on the Liver fluke. Make sure you know the different fins found in fish: Heterocercal caudal fin, Homocercal caudal fin, pectoral fin, pelvic fin, anal fins, and dorsal fins. Parotid glands on a toad. Carapace and plastron of a turtle. Myrmecophagous behavior of horned lizards. Parthenogenesis of whiptails. Zygodactylic feet of chameleons. Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes, Diploblastic vs. Triploblastic animals. Gastrovascular cavity vs. Alimentary canal. Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems. Fish, Amphibians, & Reptiles lamprey, hagfish, Great white shark, Manta ray, Hammerhead Shark, Coelacanth, gar, moray eel, hatchet fish, Loach, Sardine, catfish, salmon, grunion, sea horse, Sculpin, Garibaldi, Calif. Sheephead, Clownfish, Mosquito Fish, Pike, Knife fish, Dragonfish, Lantern Fish, Flying Fish, Clingfish, Cowfish, Ocean Sunfish, Mullet, Halibut, California newt, Bullfrog, Western Toad, Pacific Tree Frog, California Tree Frog, Red spotted Toad, Western fence lizard, Desert Horned Lizard, Southern alligator lizard, Side Blotched Lizard, Western Rattlesnake, Mojave Rattlesnake, Sidewinder, Gopher Snake, Common Kingsnake, Garter snake, Desert Tortoise, Red-Eared Slider, Desert Iguana, Mata mata, Inland Taipan Snake, Alligator, Crocodile, Gavial Birds Know the following birds: Black Phoebe, European Starling, Brewers Blackbird, Northern Mocking Bird, House Finch, House Sparrow, Great Blue Heron, Snowy Egret, Great Egret, Black Crowned Night Heron, Green Egret, Acorn Woodpecker, Bushtit, Yellow Rumped-Wabler, Western Bluebird, Road Runner, Crow, Turkey Vulture, Mallard. Mammals Know the following mammals: Opossum, elephants (both), pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, mt. lion, bobcat, blue whale, orca, white-sided dolphin, zebra, coyote, red fox, brown bear, black bear, grizzly, raccoon, otter, skunk, Calif. Sea lion, Harbor Seal, bat, beaver, ground squirrel, desert cottontail, jackrabbit, Primate skulls (Gorilla, Orangutan, Chimp, Bonobo, Austraopithicus, Homo). Sable Antelope, Defassa Waterbuck, Mouse, Oryx, Cape Buffalo, Lion, Leopard, White Rhino. Other Items: Know the following organs on any dissection we did: Liver, Kidney, Heart, Stomach,Gizzard, Pancreas, Trachea. Make sure you know what city and county the Desert

10 and Beach trips were in. Make sure you know what causes tides and the differences between spring and neap tides and the four zones found in the intertidal zone and the animals you would find in there. Know the following sounds/calls: Bullfrog, Pacific Tree Frog, Great Horned Owl, Barn Owl, Acorn Woodpecker, Cicada, Rattlesnake, Baby Alligator, Bushtit, Mocking Bird, From our Fieldtrips, make sure you know: Creosote Bush, Periwinkle, Owl Limpet, Blue-Banded Hermit Crab, Striped Shore Crab, Norris Top Shell, Dead Man s Fingers, Turban Snail, Wavy Turban Snail, Red Algae, Feather Boa Kelp, Willet, Cactus Wren, Mocking Bird, Black Phoebe, Meerkat, Badger, Coati, Bobcat, Mountain Lion, African Wild Dog, Hyena, Coyote, Mexican Wolf, Black-Crowned Night Heron, Great Egret, Snowy Egret, Green Heron, Great Blue Heron, American Kestrel, Arabian Oryx, Camel, Cheetah, Barn Owl, Great Horned Owl, Gila Monster, Leopard, Ring-tailed cat, and Desert Iguana!!! How It will play out: Lecture final will be worth: 200 points. Also, I will take your percent out of that 200 and count that as a third lecture exam. I will then count the top 2 out of 3 lecture exams. So the final counts as a final and as 3 rd lecture exam. The lab final/5 th practicum: There will be two exams on this day. First, Birds and Mammals will be regular 100 point lab practicum. This score will count as your 5 th practicum. The second exam will be a multiple-choice comprehensive practicum. This will count as your lab final worth 100 points. This will also count as a 6 th practicum and I will take the best 5 of the 6. To make sure you do not blow this lab final, it will be multiple choice and the study guide above will cover 99% of the lab final practicum.

The Bio 2 Finals Study Guides. Dr. Tim Revell. Bio 2 Lecture Final Study Guide!:

The Bio 2 Finals Study Guides. Dr. Tim Revell. Bio 2 Lecture Final Study Guide!: The Bio 2 Finals Study Guides Dr. Tim Revell Bio 2 Lecture Final Study Guide!: Know this! Is this it? NO!. I am not saying this is all you need to know to get every question correct on the final. For that,