Rabies in wildlife in Serbia

Transcription

1 Workshop on rabies: regional cooperation towards eradicating the oldest known zoonotic diseases in Europe Rabies in wildlife in Serbia Antalya,, December 2008 doc.dr.. Mirko Šinković Republic of Serbia

2 Population is 8.2 million. Total area is km². With a GDP for 2008 estimated at $ billion ($ per capita), Republic of Serbia is considered an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank.

3 A H Sl Cro Ro B&H RS Bg Adriatic Sea MNT Al FYROM

4 Serbia's strategic location between two continents at the crossroads between Central, Southern and Eastern Europe, between the Balkan peninsula and the Panonian Plain. Over a quarter of Serbia's overall landmass is covered by forest.

5 Serbia is divided into 24 districts plus the City of Belgrade. The districts and the City of Belgrade are further divided into municipalities. Serbia has 2 autonomous provinces: Vojvodina with Kosovo and Metohija

6 1908/2008

7 EU-? Miles or Years?

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9 STRUCTURE OF VETERINARY ORGANIZATIONS Veterinary organization number Public (state veterinary clinics) 119 Sold in oct/2008 Private Veterinary clinic 195 Private Veterinary ambulance 400 Farm veterinary services 23

10 Personnel Veterinary Service INSTITUTION Total num. of institution Veterinarians Chemists Veterinary technicians Administrative staff Auxiliary staff Veterinary institutes (laboratories) Governmental veterinary clinic ( practice) 117? 747? Private veterinary clinic (practice) involved in official animal health control Private veterinary clinic (practice) Private veterinary ambulance (practice)

11 Personnel Veterinary Directorate Veterinary Staff Administrative Staff CA Policy Vet. inspectors Central Level Vet. inspectors Regional Level Vet. inspectors Local Level Border Vet.inspectors

12 Current situation in Serbian veterinary practice PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC VETERINARY CLINIC Started in December 2007 Privatization of all veterinary clinic (119) realized the end of October 2008 Most expensive veterinary clinic - sold for Average

13 Rabies: Current situation and historical background Endymion and most irrecoverably since thousands of years 2000 b.c. End of the XIX century: 4 to 8 human deaths/10 6 in habitants Today: 4 to 8 human deaths/10 6 in habitants 13

14 Wildlife rabies in Eurasia in

15 Rabies is all present on territory of the Republic of Serbia. The first outbreak was in 1953, spreading from North towards territory of former Yugoslavia. Second and third outbreaks were recorded in 1962 and 1976 from the North- east Carpathian region

16 Rabies has been spreading towards south some km per year Rabies crossed Sava and Danube rivers, in 1986

17 In 1988 rabies became present on the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia with the tendency of spreading towards South ?

18 Disease Animal Health Status No of outbreaks (I-X) 2008 CSF Rabies BLV Bovine brucellosis Ovine/caprine brucellosis Equine Infectious anemia Trichinelosis Typhus avium Q fever Leptospirosis Bovine tuberculosis Newcastle disease

19 Rabies 2007/155

20 Rabies 2008/173

21 Rabies 2007/155 Rabies 2008/173 In the period from 2002 to 2008 rabies situation in the country has been steady and evenly spread. The average number of the cases of rabies is annually.

22 ? 29 fox holes

23 Current situation: Epidemiological surveillance well established Data always reliable Regular laboratory confirmation Registration and marking of dogs and cats is in progress Vaccination is repeated every year Vaccination is free of charge 5

24 Rabies in Humans: no human rabies since 1985 Post-exposure treatment: several hundreds humans annually in Serbia 3

25 Red fox: main source of wild animals in Serbia DOG: main source of domestic animals CATS: second most important source followed by other domestic animals and wild life 2

26 General principles in Serbia National jurisdictions are responsible for rabies control programs Veterinarians and of official Veterinary Services working in collaboration with public health authorities to realise long term goals NGO s play a key role in some EU countries, but not in Serbia

27 Palace of Darido Darido

28 Darido, male, half-breed breed,, 13 month,, 12 Kg/bwK bw, February 2000, suburb of town Subotica

29 7th March 2000 (16 day after a bite) Hipersalivation tion, depressed, dishonour, with open mouth, asymmetry teaks of ears and eyes, nose Looking blue

30 Paralytic neck, half opened mouth, hypersaliva salivation, diarrhoea (1) Hoarseness, (2)Teacks, (3) Hypersalivation

31 be afraid of, abscond,...

32 8 th March 2000 (17 day after a bite ) swallowing is out of control, m.maseters in paralysis, no hydrophobia is present, no sings of alotriophagia,...

33 paralysis, rigidity, hypersalvatio,...

34 Paralysis of the ext. anterior

35 - divergence of head and eyes axis - par.n.oculomotorius had not been recognized

36 In fausta... Past away on 9 th March 2000 (18 day after a bite) 3 rd day with clinical sings

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41 No human rabies since 1985.

42 No human rabies since 1985.

43 ANIMAL HEALTH PROJECT IN 2008 Rabies Oral vaccination of foxes: feasibility study action plan Vaccination of dogs and cats (obliged) Identification (microchips/tattoo) (obliged) Procurement of vaccine Procurement of microchips Passport (2003/803/EC, C(2003)4359) Central data base

44 In 2002 oral vaccination was realized by the air distribution of the baits in the North Vojvodina at the area of 500 km², near Hungarian border.

45 For the entire 18 months we had no rabies cases on this area, while previously there were cases annually

46 What is hang glider?

47 Local aero club did the distribution with their hang gliders

48 Since than, 2002 no other similar action took place in Serbia.

49 Dog population structure Vaccination coverage varies between 75% and 95 % dogs Precise data concerning dog population structure is not available yet The proportion of registered dogs and stray dogs is unknown yet Estimated number of dogs and cats? Estimated number of stray dogs?

50 Problem of stray dogs exists and so far is kept under control Final solution for it is still far away It is more than several thousands, especially in urban areas (?) Cooperation with related NGO s is not satisfactory

51 General principles - Promotion of responsible ownership - In some situations, to protect human health it is unavoidable to kill free-ranging dogs. - This should be done as humanely as possible

52 Wildlife rabies control in progress Need for: Ecological studies for target animals Vaccination strategy to be developed Trained personnel Adequate funding Intercountry agreements 8

53 Recommendation Vaccinate to protect animals and humans Push fox oral vaccination across all of Republic of Serbia (wildlife rabies) Don t stop at some border Not consider politics Do need to examine economics Vaccination is cheaper than aftermath

54 Conclusion Wild life rabies can be eliminated by oral vaccination The ministries of health should use the competences of Veterinary services and mobilize all the other national bodies and all necessary resources to control this reservoir 54

55 Thank you for attention!