BioZoonoSEA. Biotechnology Platform for Research and Training on Parasitic Zoonoses in South East Asia

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1 BioZoonoSEA Biotechnology Platform for Research and Training on Parasitic Zoonoses in South East Asia with the financial support of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs SUMMARY REPORT on the Workshop / Training on Diagnosis and control of human and animal trypanosomes and their vectors in Asia; from field to laboratory. 19 th -24 th May 2014, University Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 19 th May 2014: Open workshop on: Trypanosomes in Asia in a One-Health concept 20 th -24 th May 2014: Registered workshop on: Diagnosis and control of human and animal trypanosomes and their vectors in Asia; from field to laboratory 1

Thanks to the financial support of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE France, French Embassy in Bangkok, Thailand), this training workshop Diagnosis and control of human and animal

2 Thanks to the financial support of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE France, French Embassy in Bangkok, Thailand), this training workshop Diagnosis and control of human and animal trypanosomes and their vectors in Asia; from field to laboratory was organized and partially funded by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University (GMU, Yogjakarta, Indonesia), Kasetsart University, IRD and CIRAD under the umbrellas and in association with: - BioZoonoSEA, the Biotechnology Platform for Research and Training on Parasitic Zoonoses in South East Asia (Kasetsart University, Mahidol University, CIRAD & IRD); - GREASE network, Monitoring of Epidemic Emerging Risk in South East Asia - NAHIAT, Network on Atypical Human Infections by Animal Trypanosomes (CIRAD-IRD) Thanks to Pr Sathaporn Jittapalapong, FVM/KU, for allowing the organization of the workshop under the umbrella of BioZoonoSEA platform, and for human resources, and technical and administrative supports of KU. Thanks to the Vice rector of research of GMU, Dr Suratman, Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo and Dr Wayan Tunas Artama, for their very friendly and collaborative welcome to the GMU, and for available facilities and technical and financial support; thanks to their collaborators of the GMU, for the organization of the workshop, their contribution and support. Thanks to Dr Chandrawathani Panchadcharam(VRI), Dr Jumnongjit Phasuk (FVM/KU), Dr Alan Dargantes and Jose Escarlos Jr (CMU), Wisnu Nurcahyo and Dr Wayan Tunas Artama (GMU), and to Dr Stéphane Herder for lectures, practice supervising and contributions during the Workshop. Thanks to GREASE, Aurélie Binot and stéphane Herder for contribution on the open workshop and brain storming on the regional project on surra impact and control. Thanks to Dr April Wardhana for his valuable inputs in the workshop, as well as his team from ICRVS. Thanks to all facilitators for their contribution and supports; they were all very nice and made of this workshop a professional exchange in very friendly and appreciated spirit. Special thanks to Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo and Dr Wayan Artama for their very strong, friendly and successful involvement in this workshop. Marc Desquesnes, Principal workshop coordinator 2

The One Health Open Workshop The first day (19 th May 2014), was a One

BioZoonoSEA platform and the NAHIAT network, in order to strengthen

management among professional form different sectors (Animal health, human

Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo is welcoming the co-organisators Registration of

Wisnu Nurcahyo giving opening speech for GMU The open workshop gathered

presentations followed by open discussions on future collaborations in the

3 The One Health Open Workshop The first day (19 th May 2014), was a One Health Open workshop ; it was held under the umbrellas of GREASE network, BioZoonoSEA platform and the NAHIAT network, in order to strengthen cross-sectorial and multidisciplinary exchanges about trypanosomosis management among professional form different sectors (Animal health, human health, environment, rural development). Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo is welcoming the co-organisators Registration of participants Registration under GREASE, BioZoonoSEA and NAHIAT umbrellas Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo giving opening speech for GMU The open workshop gathered around 160 participants and hosted 5 international and 18 national presentations followed by open discussions on future collaborations in the One Health (OH) conceptual framework, on trypanosomes and vectors, including livestock, wildlife, environment (both social and natural), veterinary and human. 3

most often high rates of fatal issues, thus aa very high economical impact. Attention to parasitic diseases in animal and livestock in Indonesia is relatively small.

4 Four basic statements were made on the situation linked to trypanosomes and vectors in Indonesia. 1. Surra is threatening cattle, buffalo and horse farms in Indonesia, but little attention is given to this disease, since it is endemic and sometime chronic or subclinical; however, new outbreaks have most often high rates of fatal issues, thus aa very high economical impact. Attention to parasitic diseases in animal and livestock in Indonesia is relatively small. The main focuses of observation and researches have been the diseases caused by bacterial and viral infections. If the government wish to continue self-sufficiency program in beef production in order to ensure an adequate amount of animal protein consumption by Indonesian people, serious attention must be paid to parasitic diseases since they can lower the cattle productivity, reduce the production rate, cause death, and have potential to cause zoonotic disease. 2. Surra is due to the presence of a large number of flies as the disease vector, the ecological condition which enables them to breed all year, and the presence of animal as reservoir host sustaining biologically the parasites on host which is susceptible to Surra. There is a serious need to improve skills to study and to develop integrated control methods of biting flies. 3. Beside this, in Asian countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malaysia, there have been cases of human infection reported. Therefore, further researches with surveillance and investigation on surra in human which should also be conducted in Indonesia.. 4. The capacity of veterinarian and paramedics in diagnosing and controlling surra must be increased and renewed. Considering that many veterinarians have not known really well about the diagnosis, eradication and prevention of surra in Indonesia, periodic trainings on how to deal with Surra facilitated by experts in the related field should be carried out. The various situations encountered over the country were exposed by representatives of the Provincial Disease Investigation Centers: 1. in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, cattle death due to surra were recently recorded; 2. in South and East Borneo, the prevalence of surra in cattle and buffalos was 12,12 %; support is requested for diagnosis, treatement (chemoresistance?) and vector control. 3. in Yogyakarta and Central Java, East Java, and Madura, there is an increasing number of surra positive cattle from 2010 to 2013 ; the level of 4

buffalo, 69,1 % in horse. Meanwhile, the prevalence in cattle is 37,1 %, 59,2 % in buffalo, and 31,11% in horse, and surra commonly infects Dewasa cattle. 5. in Maros, South Sulawesi (which includes Maluku and Papua), rate of surra cases in cattle and buffalo is low (below 3%).

5 pathogenicity in Central Java as the main supplier of buffalo (Pemalang and Magelang) and East Java (Pacitan and Situbondo) is high. 4. in Denpasar, Bali, it is reported that surra disease spreads sporadically and rapidly; seroprevalances of Surra in Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Nusa Tenggara Timur are 25,4% in cow, 15,3% in buffalo, 69,1 % in horse. Meanwhile, the prevalence in cattle is 37,1 %, 59,2 % in buffalo, and 31,11% in horse, and surra commonly infects Dewasa cattle. 5. in Maros, South Sulawesi (which includes Maluku and Papua), rate of surra cases in cattle and buffalo is low (below 3%). 6. Surra in Sumba Island is worrying. Sumba has a high population of horses, and is the main supplier of horse breeds in Indonesia; 44 horses died of surra in 2010, 278 horses and 30 buffalos in 2011, 351 horses and 148 buffalos in 2012, and 16 horses in Essentially, for people in Sumba, horse is the symbol of culture, society, tradition, and economy that should be preserved. Therefore, procedures for prevention and control which are taken should respect local culture, nature, and people. Further discussions led Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo to bring the following recommendations: 1. To improve beef self-sufficiency program in Indonesia, an analysis of national economic losses and impact of parasitic diseases in general and surra in cow and buffalo in particular should be conducted. 2. The data on surra prevalence should be explored and collected from different regions in Indonesia as valuable source of information for central & regional governments to formulate research plans & further actions in controlling surra. 3. Considering that surra has already been in existence in Indonesia since Dutch colony era in 1800s, Indonesia should have an accurate information technologybased database system at a national scale which data are collected from governmental institutions and agencies from many different places in this country. The data can be used as the basis for national animal health system in developing the strategies, policy, budgeting and control measures for Surra. 4. The existing handbook on surra control should not only be introduced widely to public but also be reviewed as it needs to include thorough information on biopathogenicity, diverse vectors, variety of infected hosts and the pattern of disease spread. These aspects are worth reviewing because the handbook which is available has not yet reflected the complexity of surra cases in cow, buffalo, horse, wild animals and pets that have occurred in Indonesia. 5. Innovative and strategic plans are required to develop an accurate, quick, and efficient method of diagnosis through serological and molecular analysis could later be applied for surra cases. 5

6. As there are many reports on ineffective treatment on Surra and the need for retreatment, a research on the effectiveness to Trypanocides in Indonesia should be conducted.

Surveillance and monitoring on surra should be conducted periodically in order to measure the levels of surra disease, the spread of Trypanosoma infection in endemic areas, and the vector that causes

Significant increase of surra cases in cattle and buffalo in 2014 and the possible infection to human (zoonosis) as what have happened in some ASEAN countries become a warning for people to stay

6 6. As there are many reports on ineffective treatment on Surra and the need for retreatment, a research on the effectiveness to Trypanocides in Indonesia should be conducted. The government should import new drugs with improved formula. 7. Investigation on trypanocidal activity of plants grown in Indonesia should be done. 8. Surveillance and monitoring on surra should be conducted periodically in order to measure the levels of surra disease, the spread of Trypanosoma infection in endemic areas, and the vector that causes surra by involving all stakeholders such as central government, regional government, higher education institution, animal quarantine station, and association of livestock traders in Indonesia. 9. Significant increase of surra cases in cattle and buffalo in 2014 and the possible infection to human (zoonosis) as what have happened in some ASEAN countries become a warning for people to stay alert on the future spread of surra in some regions in indonesia. Thus, intensive prevention from surra should be done. 10. Based on the observation on the rapid spread of surra across Indonesia, quarantining animal is necessary to avoid the spread of surra infection in cattle, buffalo and horse by examining the indication of surra conducted in animal physical examination post. Therefore, the steps for strategic and quick plans in animal quarantine harbor as the center of livestock control before they are distributed to other regions. Memory gift of the workshop for lecturers S Herder, M Desquesnes, W Nurcahyo, C. Panchadcharam & A. Dargantes Participants to the open Workshop 6

7 Time table of the open workshop May 19 th, 2014; University Center UC Time Programme Lecture/Speaker Duration International seminar on Biting Flies and Trypanosomes Opening remarks Dr. Wisnu Nurcahyo GMU Opening Speech from GMU Prof. Dr. Suratman ; GMU BioZoonoSEA presentation Dr Marc Desquesnes Opening Speech from NAHIAT Dr. Marc Desquesnes Coffee break L 1 : One Heath/EcoHealth concept Dr. A Binot CIRAD/KU / S Herder L 2 : Parasitic Zoonoses in Thailand Pr. S Jttapalapong KU / S Herder L 3 : Parasitic Zoonoses in Malaysia DC Panchadcharam VRI L 4 : Atypical Human Trypanosomoses SEA Dr S Herder IRD/KU L 5 : Biting-Insects as mechanical vectors Dr M Desquesnes CIRAD/KU L 6 : Parasitic zoonoses in Indonesia Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo GMU Lunch Time (Courtesy of FVM GMU) L 7 : Surra in the Philippines Dr A Dargantes CMU L 8 : Surra in Malaysia Dr C Panchadcharam VRI L 9 : Surra in Thailand Pr S Jittapalapong KU L 10: Surra in Indonesia Dr April Wardana (ICRVS) L 11 : Molecular aspects of surra Pr W Artama GMU L 12: Economic impact of surra Dr A Dargantes CMU Regional aspects of Surra in Indonesia L 13 : Surra in Bali Dr. Masa Tenaya Bali Dis. Invest. Center DIC L 14 : Surra in Java Dr. Fajar Sumping Catur Rasa Yogyakarta DIC L 15 : Surra in Sumatra Syamsul Maarif, DVM, MSc Lampung DIC L 16 : Surra in Kalimanta Sulaxono Hadi, DVM Banjarbaru DIC L 17 : Surra in Sulawesi Bagoes Purma Jaya, Makassar DIC L 18 : Surra in Sumba Martono Adi Priyatno, DVM East Sumba District Vet L 19 : Regulation of Surra in Indonesia Dr. Pujiatmoko Director of Animal Health L 20: GREASE network Dr A Binot / S Herder Open Discussion on One Health Dr A Binot (CIRAD / GREASE) / S Concepts : Biting flies and Trypanosomes Herder Closing remarks Dr S Herder Announcement Dr. Wisnu Nurcahyo 7

The Registered Workshop The registered Workshop was held from 20 th to 24 th May 2014, with 38 participants.

Philippines), Dr Stéphane Herder (IRD/UMR InterTryp/FMV KU) and Dr Marc Desquesnes (CIRAD, UMR InterTry/FVM KU).

including trapping, identification and control of biting flies. It included 15 lectures, 5 practical sessions in laboratory and 3 field works.

00 Lecture 1 : An overview on biting insects Dr Marc Desquesnes 09.00 10.45 L2 : Biology of Tabanids and stomoxyine flies Dr Marc Desquesnes 11.00 11.

8 The Registered Workshop The registered Workshop was held from 20 th to 24 th May 2014, with 38 participants. The main speakers were Dr Jumnongjit Phasuk (FVM/KU), Dr Wayan Artama, Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo (GMU, Indonesia), Dr Chandrawathani Panchadcharam (VRI, Malaysia), Dr Alan Dargantes (CMU, Philippines), Dr Stéphane Herder (IRD/UMR InterTryp/FMV KU) and Dr Marc Desquesnes (CIRAD, UMR InterTry/FVM KU). This workshop / Training overviewed trypanosomes both in humans and animal reservoir in Asia, diagnosis methods and potential control methods, and their transmission mechanisms and vectors, including trapping, identification and control of biting flies. It included 15 lectures, 5 practical sessions in laboratory and 3 field works. Day 2 : Workshop/Training ; Tuesday, May 20 th, 2014: Biting flies biology & trapping Time Programme Lecture/Speaker Lecture 1 : An overview on biting insects Dr Marc Desquesnes L2 : Biology of Tabanids and stomoxyine flies Dr Marc Desquesnes L3 : Seasonality of tabanids in Thailand Dr Jumnongjit Phasuk L4 : Seasonality of stomoxes in Thailand Dr Jumnongjit Phasuk L5 : Trapping technologies Dr Marc Desquesnes Field trip 1: Setting up of insect traps (KP4 GMU) Dr Marc Desquesnes, Dr Jumnongjit Phasuk Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo, Dr Alan Dargantes Lecture by Dr Jumnongjit Phasuk (KU) Lecture by Dr Marc Desquesnes Coffea break, lunch and dinners were shared by all participants First day and first field trip! 8

Preparation of the traps Description and setting up of

; Wednesday, May 21 st, 2014: trapping &

00 Field trip 2: Collect of cages from traps KP4 UGM

crassirostris Dr Jumnongjit Phasuk 14.45 15.

9 Preparation of the traps Description and setting up of a Nzi trap Collect of insects Day 3: Workshop/Training ; Wednesday, May 21 st, 2014: trapping & identification Field trip 2: Collect of cages from traps KP4 UGM Dr Marc desquesnes, Dr Jumnongjt Phasuk Dr Alan Dargantes, Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo L6: Identification of biting flies: generalities & Tabanids Dr Marc Desquesnes L7: Identification Stomoxys Hematobia M crassirostris Dr Jumnongjit Phasuk L8 : Control of biting flies Dr Marc Desquesnes PW1 Identification of biting insects collected All Insect identification Macro-projection of insects 9

Binocular observation of insects Dr Jumnongjit Pasuk helping participant to

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Day 4: Workshop/Training ; Thursday, May 22 nd,

00 Field trip 3: Setting up of insect traps in Kaliurang, Sleman Dr Marc

30 L 9 : Biology, morphology pathogeny of Trypanosomes Dr Stéphane Herder 15.

00 Lecture 10 : Parasitological diagnosis of Trypanosomes Dr Marc Desquesnes 16.

10 Binocular observation of insects Dr Jumnongjit Pasuk helping participant to identify insects Participants to the registered Workshop in front of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Day 4: Workshop/Training ; Thursday, May 22 nd, 2014: identification & control Field trip 3: Setting up of insect traps in Kaliurang, Sleman Dr Marc Desquesnes, Dr Jumnongjt Phasuk, Dr Alan Dargantes, Dr Wisnu Nurcahyo L 9 : Biology, morphology pathogeny of Trypanosomes Dr Stéphane Herder Lecture 10 : Parasitological diagnosis of Trypanosomes Dr Marc Desquesnes Lecture 11 : Serological diagnosis of Trypanosomes Dr Marc Desquesnes Collect of cages and insects from the field in Kaliurang, Sleman by staff Setting up of a Vavoua trap Setting up of a Nzi trap 10

Setting up of a Malaise trap Lunch on the beach Day 5 :

00 12.00 Lecture 13 : Molecular characterization of tryp Dr.

30 L14: Control of surra in the Philippines Dr. A Dargantes 13.30 14.

00 PW3: Identification of flies from Kaliurang, SlemanCoordinated by

15 PW4: parasitological diagnosis for trypanosomes Drs M Desquesnes,

11 Setting up of a Malaise trap Lunch on the beach Day 5 : Workshop/Training ; Friday, May 23 rd, 2014: Trypanosomes diagnosis & control PW2: Identification of biting insects from Bantul Dr M Desquesnes Dr J Phasuk Dr A Dargantes L 12: Molecular diagnosis of Trypanosomes Dr. Wayan Artama Lecture 13 : Molecular characterization of tryp Dr. Stéphane Herder L14: Control of surra in the Philippines Dr. A Dargantes L15: Control of surra in Thailand Dr. Marc Desquesnes PW3: Identification of flies from Kaliurang, SlemanCoordinated by Dr J Phasuk GREASE Brain storming Regional project on Surra PW4: parasitological diagnosis for trypanosomes Drs M Desquesnes, S Herder, W Artama, W Nurcahyo & A Dargantes Lecture by Dr Alan Dargantes Lecture by Dr Wayan Artama Head of a tabanid projected on the large screen Stomoxys identification by Dr Jumnongjit The molecular biologists S Herder & W Artama 11

Day 6 : Workshop/Training; May 24 th, 2014 Trypanosome molecular

00 Collect of insect traps in Field of Dairy Dr M Desquesnes, Dr J

Sleman Dr. M Desquesnes Dr J Phasuk Dr A Dargantes 13.00 16.

W Artama Molecular biology for Trypanosomes 16.00 17.

12 Day 6 : Workshop/Training; May 24 th, 2014 Trypanosome molecular diagnosis Collect of insect traps in Field of Dairy Dr M Desquesnes, Dr J Phasuk Cattle in Kaliurang, Sleman Dr A Dargantes Dr W Nurcahyo Identification of biting flies from dairy cattle Kaliurang, Sleman Dr. M Desquesnes Dr J Phasuk Dr A Dargantes PW5: Practical work in the laboratory of Dr S Herder & Prof. W Artama Molecular biology for Trypanosomes Conclusions and Closing ceremony Dr. Marc Desquesnes Dr. Joko Prastowo More insect s identification in the laboratory Another field trip Sucking and biting insects on dairy cattle Collective snap in the farm 12

13 List of Participants Workshop/training on Diagnosis and control of human and animal trypanosomes and their vectors in Asia: from field to laboratory No Nama Institution Country 1 Dr. Marc Desquesnes CIRAD/IRD France marc.desquesnes@cirad.fr 2 Dr. Stephane Herder CIRAD/IRD France stephane.herder@ird.fr 3 Dr. Aurelie Binot GREASE France aurelie.binot@cirad.fr 4 Dr. Candrawathani VRI IPOH Malaysia chandra1959@gmail.com 5 Dr. J. Phasuk KASETSART UNIV Thailand phadang@yahoo.com 6 Dr. Alan Dargantes CMU Philipines jalan_dargantes@yahoo.comjose 7 Dr. Jose Escarlos Jr CMU Philipines joseescarlosjr@gmail.com 8 Dr. P Q Chuong, NVRI Vietnam pqchuong.nivr@gmail.com 9 Dr. Do Thi ThuThuy NVRI Vietnam sonthuybach@gmail.com 10 Ms Jintana KU Thailand jintanatha@gmail.com 11 Mrs Jamnah Omar VRI Malaysia jamnah4000@gmail.com 12 Mrs Premaalatha B. VRI Malaysia princess_latha2280@yahoo.com 13 Mrs RosnahYaakub VRI Malaysia chandra1959@gmail.com 14 Mrs Yeoh Nona VRI Malaysia chandra1959@gmail.com 15 Mrs Khoo Lean Loi VRI Malaysia chandra1959@gmail.com 16 Mr Erwanas Asmar Is VRI Malaysia nas_ @yahoo.com 17 Dr. April Wardana, MSi BALITVET Indonesia wardhana24id@yahoo.com 18 Drh. DyahH., MSi BALITVET Indonesia dyah_damanjaya@yahoo.com 19 Drh. Fitrine BALITVET Indonesia fitrineekawasti@gmail.com 20 Drh. Budi Santoso DIC WEST SUMATRA Indonesia busant72@yahoo.com 21 Drh. Nensy DIC NORTH SUMATRA Indonesia nensy_hutagaol@yahoo.com 22 Dr. drh. Yudha F UNSYIAH ACEH Indonesia yudhafahrimal@yahoo.com 23 Drh. Nur Jannah DIC KALIMANTAN Indonesia drh_jannah@ymail.com 24 Drh. Ketut Mastre DIC DENPASAR BALI Indonesia drhketutmastra@yahoo.com 25 Drh. Martono AP WAINGAPU SUMBA Indonesia varal @gmail.com 26 Drh. Hadi Purnama W DIC SOUTH Indonesia hadipurnama.wirawan@yahoo.com SULAWESI 27 Drh. Supriyono IPB BOGOR Indonesia supri.supriyono27@gmail.com 28 Drh. Arifin Budiman N IPB BOGOR Indonesia arifin.budiman.fkh@gmail.com 29 Drh. Nurprimadita R BRAWIJAYA UNIV. Indonesia nurprimadita@yahoo.com 30 Drh. Nining Kesuma DIC YOGYAKARTA Indonesia nkesuma89@yahoo.com 31 Dudi Widi Arahman DIC SUBANG WEST Indonesia dwkabayan@gmail.com JAVA 32 Najda Rifqiyati, MSi UIN YOGYAKARTA Indonesia nada_gusna@yahoo.com, jafarluthfi@yahoo.com 33 Dra. Endang, MS UNSOED CENTRAL Indonesia eariyanis@yahoo.com JAVA 34 Dra. Upik Ngesti, MSc GADJAH MADA UNIV Indonesia upiekastuti@ugm.ac.id 35 Dr. Wisnu Nurcahyo GADJAH MADA UNIV Indonesia wisnu-nc@ugm.ac.id 36 Dr. Joko Prastowo GADJAH MADA UNIV Indonesia joko2465@yahoo.com 37 Drh. Ana Sahara, MSi GADJAH MADA UNIV Indonesia aria_cpp@yahoo.com 38 Drh. Dwi Priyo, MP GADJAH MADA UNIV Indonesia priyo@ugm.ac.id 39 Drh. Eryl SR,SU GADJAH MADA UNIV Indonesia wisnu-nc@ugm.ac.id 40 Prof. Wayan T Artama GADJAH MADA UNIV Indonesia artama@ugm.ac.id 13

14 The work is done, time to relax Or to work a little more in Bogor! 14

with the financial support of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs

with the financial support of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Biotechnology Platform for Research and Training on Parasitic Zoonoses in South East Asia Workshop / Training on Diagnosis and control