5 west Asian Countries

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1 Dr Ghazi Yehia OIE Regional Representation for the Middle East FMD Situation in the Middle East, Regional Action Plan Stages of FMD Control Progress in 5 west Asian Countries EGYPT- IRAQ- JORDAN- LEBANON- SYRIA FMD Sub Regional Pool Meeting 18 December 2012, Beirut, LEBANON

2 Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

3 Introduction In the past four decades, it was clear that the spread of foot-and and-mouth disease (FMD) is connected to the evolution of the means of transportation and communication. There is no region in the world other than the Middle East that can show the increased introduction of new serotypes of FMD viruses due to the increased trade activities and developed means of transportation. The region is still in the center of the international transportation due to its location at the cross-roads roads of the international shipping routes. Instead of leading to reducing the threat of the disease, the classical approaches led to the introduction of new strains and serotypes of FMD virus and some of which are vigorous and more devastating than the traditionally endemic ones (O&A).

4 The emergence of FMDV strains from Central Asia, through the Middle East and to West Eurasia has been referred to as waves of infections since the appearance of the A22 strain, with a clear pathway of spread along defined routes. Links between virus isolates from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran and Turkey suggest that FMD probably spreads from South-Central Asia westwards along what has been termed the Ruminant Street. In recent years, the epidemiological dynamics of FMDV movement have been exemplified by the emergence of the A-Iran Iran-05 and O-PanAsia PanAsia-2 FMDV lineages. 2004: SAT 2 reported in Libya 2012: Re-emergence emergence of FMD SAT 2 is reported in both Libya and Egypt (different lineages0 2012: SAT2 in Bahrain (quarantine finding).

5 Potential Sources of circulation of FMD Strains in the ME Area

6 FMD Situation in 2009 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

7 FMD Control Roadmap Countries of the Middle East have made practical progress since 2009 based on: better awareness of the FMD risks identifying "new epidemic events" at an earlier stage and early reporting Virus circulation at regional level & large epidemics continue to occur despite control measures and mass vaccination campaigns. Gaps in preventive measures, surveillance strategies & limited control of animal movement at border posts.

8 Rationale for a regional approach FMD is endemic and widely spread among various animal species in the Middle East. It is, therefore, very difficult to control the disease at a single country level. Countries from the Asian part of the Middle East should be considered as one epidemiological unit and would be concerned by this project. FMD remains significant drain on the budgets of the national veterinary services of each country and on the livelihoods of livestock owners across the region.

9 There is a need to establish an FMD buffer zone in the Middle East since the region could be considered a mixing vessel for introducing FMD viruses from both the Far East and the African countries. The amendment of the FMD Chapter in the OIE Terrestrial Code provides provisions for the endorsement of the national FMD control programs. This will provide a fast track for the official recognition of FMD freedom.

10 FMD Code chapter 8.5 Access online OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health.url

11 Article Members applying for recognition of freedom from FMD for the whole country or a zone where vaccination is not practised: additional surveillance procedures In addition to the general conditions described in the above-mentioned articles, a Member applying for recognition of FMD freedom for the country or a zone where vaccination is not practised should provide evidence for the existence of an effective surveillance programme. The strategy and design of the surveillance programme will depend on the prevailing epidemiological circumstances and will be planned and implemented according to general conditions and methods in this chapter, to demonstrate absence of FMDV infection, during the preceding 12 months in susceptible populations. This requires the support of a national or other laboratory able to undertake identification of FMDV infection through virus/antigen/genome detection and antibody tests described in the Terrestrial Manual.

12 Article Members applying for recognition of freedom from FMD for the whole country or a zone where vaccination is practised: additional surveillance procedures In addition to the general conditions described in the above-mentioned articles, a Member applying for recognition of country or zone freedom from FMD with vaccination should show evidence of an effective surveillance programme planned and implemented according to general conditions and methods in this chapter. Absence of clinical disease in the country or zone for the past two years should be demonstrated. Furthermore, surveillance should demonstrate that FMDV has not been circulating in any susceptible population during the past 12 months. This will require serological surveillance incorporating tests able to detect antibodies to NSPs as described in the Terrestrial Manual. Vaccination to prevent the transmission of FMDV may be part of a disease control programme. The level of herd immunity required to prevent transmission will depend on the size, composition (e.g. species) and density of the susceptible population. It is therefore impossible to be prescriptive. However, the aim should be for at least 80 percent of the animals in each vaccinated population to have protective immunity. The vaccine must comply with the Terrestrial Manual.. Based on the epidemiology of FMD in the country or zone,, it may be that a decision is reached to vaccinate only certain species or other subsets of the total susceptible population. In that case, the rationale should be contained within the dossier accompanying the application to the OIE for recognition of status. Evidence to show the effectiveness of the vaccination programme should be provided.

13 Article Members re-applying for recognition of freedom from FMD for the whole country or a zone where vaccination is either practised or not practised, following an outbreak: additional surveillance procedures In addition to the general conditions described in the above-mentioned articles, a country re- applying for country or zone freedom from FMD where vaccination is practised or not practised should show evidence of an active surveillance programme for FMD as well as absence of FMDV infection/circulation. This will require serological surveillance incorporating, in the case of a country or a zone practising vaccination,, tests able to detect antibodies to NSPs as described in the Terrestrial Manual. Four strategies are recognised by the OIE in a programme to eradicate FMDV infection following an outbreak: slaughter of all clinically affected and in-contact susceptible animals; slaughter of all clinically affected and in-contact susceptible animals and vaccination of at-risk animals,, with subsequent slaughter of vaccinated animals; slaughter of all clinically affected and in-contact susceptible animals and vaccination of at-risk animals,, without subsequent slaughter of vaccinated animals; vaccination used without slaughter of affected animals or subsequent slaughter of vaccinated animals. In all circumstances, a Member re-applying for country or zone freedom from FMD with vaccination or without vaccination should report the results of an active surveillance programme implemented according to general conditions and methods in this

14 Article OIE endorsed official control programme for FMD The overall objective of an OIE endorsed official control programme for FMD is for countries to progressively improve the situation and eventually attain free status for FMD. Members may, on a voluntary basis, apply for endorsement of their official control programme for FMD when they have implemented measures in accordance with this article. For a Member s official control programme for FMD to be endorsed by the OIE, the Member should: submit documented evidence on the capacity of the Veterinary Services to control FMD; this evidence can be provided by countries following the OIE PVS Pathway; submit documentation indicating that the official control programme for FMD is applicable to the entire territory; have a record of regular and prompt animal disease reporting according to the requirements in Chapter 1.1.; submit a dossier on the epidemiology of FMD in the country describing the following: the general epidemiology in the country highlighting the current knowledge and gaps; the measures to prevent introduction of infection; the main livestock production systems and movement patterns of FMD susceptible animals and their products within and into the country;

15 Article OIE endorsed official control programme for FMD submit a detailed plan on the programme to control and eventually eradicate FMD in the country or zone including: the timeline; the performance indicators to assess the efficacy of the control measures to be implemented; submit evidence that FMD surveillance,, taking into account provisions in Chapter 1.4. and the provisions on surveillance of this chapter, is in place; have diagnostic capability and procedures, including regular submission of samples to a laboratory that carries out diagnosis and further characterisation of strains in accordance with the Terrestrial Manual; where vaccination is practised as a part of the official control programme for FMD, provide evidence (such as copies of legislation) that vaccination of selected populations is compulsory; if applicable, provide detailed information on vaccination campaigns, in particular on: target populations for vaccination; monitoring of vaccination coverage, including serological monitoring of population immunity; technical specification of the vaccines used and description of the licensing procedures in place;

16 Article OIE endorsed official control programme for FMD provide an emergency preparedness and response plan to be implemented in case of outbreaks. The Member s official control programme for FMD will be included in the list of programmes endorsed by the OIE only after the submitted evidence has been accepted by the OIE. Retention on the list requires an annual update on the progress of the official control programme and information on significant changes concerning the points above. Changes in the epidemiological situation and other significant events should be reported to the OIE according to the requirements in Chapter 1.1. The OIE may withdraw the endorsement of the official control programme if there is evidence of: non-compliance with the timelines or performance indicators of the programme; or significant problems with the performance of the Veterinary Services; or an increase in the incidence of FMD that cannot be addressed by the programme.

17 West Asia Roadmap West Asia s 2 sub-groups : - East of the Mediterranean countries: (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria.) - GCC countries + 1: ( Bahrain, KSA, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, UAE) and Yemen.

18 Guidelines of Actions A- At a Country Level - Develop and improve national control plan for FMD. - Improve capabilities of National Laboratory/ies. - Actions to reduce risk of animal movement. - Economic analysis, stakeholders inputs. - Sharing data on vaccination, serological surveys and FMDV at suitable scale. - Improved human resources for epidemiology, risk assessment & management. - Continuous Participation in FMD regional meetings.

19 B- At the regional level - Collaboration to develop sustainable strategies. - International support to promote reviews of national strategies. - Capacity building for surveillance, control and diagnostic capabilities. - Collaboration in bilateral border control of animal movement.

20 Countries Progress Pathway

21 2012 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

22 2013 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

23 2014 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

24 2015 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

25 2016 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

26 2017 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

27 2018 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

28 2019 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

29 2020 Countries Jordan Oman Kuwait Lebanon PAT Syria Iraq KSA UAE Qatar Yemen Bahrain

30 Coordination time table : 18 December : Beirut Stages assessment FMD control roadmap : May/June : Paris/Amman Progress evaluation of national surveillance program : December : Beirut Stages assessment Hot spots risk mitigation : May/June : Paris/Cairo Progress evaluation of implementation results : December : Beirut Stages assessment Regional harmonization trade control : April : Bahrain ME regional conference on FMD Application for official recognition

31 Thank you

32 Background Animals have played an important role in the Middle East Region's history and development; and continue to have economic importance for the Region, both as a source of food, fibre and other products and in providing livelihoods. The 73rd Annual General Session in May 2005 of the International Committee of the OIE agreed on the first global mandate for standards in the field of animal health. Guidelines for animal welfare were adopted at the Session i.e. slaughter for human consumption, land and sea transport of animals, and humane killing of animals for disease control purposes. The adoption of these OIE Guidelines provides a clear mandate to efforts to improve animal handling and welfare and the need to apply risk based approaches to animal production systems. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

33 Animal Welfare in the Middle East Several workshops and conferences have been organized in the Middle East countries and especially the 2 nd Global Conference on Animal Welfare held in Cairo, Egypt in The Key outcome from these meetings was agreement to develop a Regional Strategic Plan aimed at assisting member countries to implement improvements in animal handling and management systems. According to the above, the Middle East working group on Animal Welfare is presenting a draft of strategic plan based on the MoU established in 2005 by experts from Middle East countries with the assistance of the Australian Government which was addressed Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare mainly to GCC countries.

34 Animal Welfare in the Middle East The timetable for the proceedings of the implementation will start in January 2013 after a potential adoption of the draft in a working group meeting with countries focal points on Animal Welfare which is scheduled to be held in Beirut on the 3 rd -5 th of December The first strategic plan will address handling and transportation of animals in regard to animal welfare in compliance with the OIE standards. Furthermore, the group will address other issues such as animal slaughtering, killing for disease prevention Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

35 Animal Welfare Strategy in Middle East The AW Regional Strategy focuses on ensuring the health and welfare of: all animals in the Region is promoted and protected by the development and adoption of sound animal welfare standards and handling practices. The Strategic Plan recognizes the intimate connection that exists between animal welfare and animal health and production and establishes a framework for sustainable animal welfare outcomes based on scientific evidence, confirming: Animal welfare/handling is directly linked to animal health, animal production and commercial success; Animal welfare is an important international issue and of increasing concern to consumers; The commitment made by the ME countries, and key trading partners, at the OIE General Session in May 2005 to adopt the OIE Animal Welfare Guidelines relating to Land Transport, Sea Transport, Halal Slaughter and Killing for Disease Control Purposes. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

36 Key Outcomes The Strategic Plan will assist the ME countries in achieving key outcomes such as: Developing model regulations for animal welfare throughout the ME countries in respect of management of livestock; Improving awareness about animal care and handling during transportation by sea and land and after their arrival; Improving animal handling facilities at feedlots, markets and slaughter houses. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

37 Benefits of the Strategic Plan Improved economic performance from animal production systems across the Region; Higher quality and quantity of red meat available for consumption; Development of a clear regional direction on animal welfare; Achievement of optimum, sustainable welfare outcomes for animals; Readily identifiable and clearly defined regional standards; Increase regional control of animal diseases and zoonoses. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

38 Implementation This Strategic Plan sets broad regional goals on animal welfare and provides a framework for sustainable, scientifically based and acceptable animal welfare outcomes. Once the Strategic plan is agreed, an Implementation Plan will be developed. Under the Strategic Plan, the ME countries will assume responsibility to monitor, review and report on the implementation progress. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

39 Evaluation The Plan has been developed for the two year period from 1 Jan to Dec A review of the Strategic Plan and associated projects should be undertaken in the first half of 2015 with a view to the development of a subsequent 2015 to 2017 two year plan. Review of projects under the implementation plan will take place annually to review the progress of activities and ensure that projects remain focused on achieving the goals of the Strategic Plan. The evaluation process is currently being developed to include: a cost benefit analysis contrasting the cost of implementation & compliance costs with the savings from improvements in handling systems and increased value of livestock and livestock products; a review of the effectiveness of the strategic plan in achieving its goals within the three year timeframe; recommendations for improving the measurability of animal welfare outcomes to aid in future evaluation and; the development Regional Seminar of a for new OIE set National of goals, Focal Points objectives, for Animal strategies Welfare and timeline for the

40 Objectives Activities Goals and Activities Goal 1: An enhanced regional approach and commitment to ensure high standards of animal welfare based on a legislative framework and standards consistent with the OIE Animal Welfare Guidelines. 1.1 To ensure Review current animal welfare legislation and legislative instruments (laws, administrative, legislative regulations, decrees, edicts, government directives) Participate in a workshop, to review the official regulations for animal welfare and planning mechanisms within the Middle East countries to be compatible with the OIE guidelines on animal support effective welfare. management of animal welfare in the region. 1.2 To ensure effective Develop an implementation plan to identify lead responsibility for the and timely implementation monitoring, review and reporting on progress under the Strategic Plan. and monitoring of the This Plan will: Strategic Plan Incorporate specific action plans and use the expertise of lead agencies to integrate the plans into each of the GCC countries. Identify any additional resources and funding required to deliver the Plan. Provide a basis for regional coordination and reporting on implementation progress. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

41 Goals and Activities Objectives 1.3 Develop ME wide Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) with livestock trading partners consistent with OIE guidelines. Activities Build on existing bilateral agreements, signed by ME members, to deliver a ME wide Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on livestock exports with key trading partners that underpins the trade and ensures the health and welfare of animals are protected. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

42 Goals and Activities Goal 2: The provision of funding, coordination and evaluation to support improvements in animal handling systems. Objectives Activities 2.1 Funding is prioritised regionally to achieve best value for money in improving animal handling systems The ME, with assistance from key trading partners, will identify regional priorities for funding improvements in animal handling systems and appropriate funding sources. 2.2 Activities relating to improvements in animal handling systems are coordinated amongst member countries to achieve regional consistency in animal handling outcomes The ME coordinate member country activities to improve animal handling systems, with assistance from the OIE Middle East Regional Commission and key trading partners. 2.3 To demonstrate progress in delivering animal welfare outcomes consistent with OIE guidelines and the goals of the strategic plan Identify appropriate indicators for recording animal welfare performance standards in the region and use this to benchmark current performance and measure change in animal handling practices over time. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

43 Objectives 3.1 Recognising the obligations of both government and private sector, enhance the attitudes, skills and knowledge of animal carers and handlers and people whose actions have a potential effect/impact on animals by developing, where appropriate, certified training competencies and standards. Goals and Activities Goal 3: The provision of training and development in animal handling, requirements for facilities, product quality and disease management, animal production and health in both Government and private industry. Activities Promote consultation and the dissemination of information on animal care and encourage the adoption of best practice standards in all situations where there is potential for human to animal interaction Develop sector specific animal handling standards for the commercial livestock supply chain. 3.2 Stimulate interest in improving animal welfare standards by clarifying the link between animal handling practices and the economic value of food, fibre and other products derived from animals Communicate the economic loss caused by morbidity, handling stress and nutritional stress to the commercial livestock supply chain. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

44 Goals and Activities Objectives 3.3 Improve the design of animal handling systems to promote efficient, minimal stress movement of livestock and enhance employee safety. Activities Provide access to advice and training resources on the design of animal handling systems Improve employee safety and animal welfare through training in animal handling techniques. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

45 Objectives 4.1 To ensure that new knowledge gained through research on animal welfare is broadly communicated and adopted into regional animal welfare standards. Goals and Activities Goal 4: Sustainable improvements in animal welfare based on regional and international research and development. Activities Develop a process for identifying research and development needs and establish regional animal welfare research priorities, lead by the GCC with assistance, if required, of the OIE Middle East Regional Commission Monitor and review future updates by OIE to their guidelines on animal welfare and incorporate these into this Strategic plan where relevant Monitor and review future updates by OIE to their guidelines on animal welfare and incorporate these into this Strategic plan where relevant Develop a process for reviewing and incorporating international research findings on animal welfare into this Strategic Plan where relevant. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

46 Goals and Activities Objectives Activities 4.2 Seek effective input from industry, ME member governments and other stakeholders across the spectrum of the use of animals in the region Under ME regulation and guidance encourage the commitment of ME member states and all users to implement animal welfare standards in accordance with the OIE Animal Welfare guidelines, in particular (Sea Transport) and (Land Transport). 4.3 Learn from international experience in animal welfare programs Develop close relationships with countries running animal welfare programs to share experiences and assist in development of policies and programs. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

47 Goals and Activities Goal 5: Effective communication, education and training to promote an improved understanding of animal welfare. Objectives Activities 5.1 To promote ownership and responsibility by the whole of Publicise the existence and content of the Strategic Plan, the community of the benefits of the Strategic Plan. including animal welfare legislation, model codes of practice, position statements, standards and guidelines utilizing appropriate media. 5.2 Involve religious scientists in the communication of animal welfare activities and initiatives under the strategic plan Work with religious scientists in the implementation of specific action plans to remind industry and the public of religious obligations to the treatment and handling of animals. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

48 Goals and Activities Objectives Activities 5.3 Enhance the skills and knowledge of animal handlers by developing training competencies and standards Where necessary, develop, promote and deliver appropriate education and training as part of quality assurance programs for animal care, production, use and management that comply with relevant OIE guidelines. 5.4 Raise the profile of animal welfare and animal handling systems in the education sector. 5.4 Raise the profile of animal welfare and animal handling systems in the education sector. Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

49 THANK YOU Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Welfare

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