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1 * D E A O * پست الکترونيک نويسندهي مسؤول: mpeigham@ut.ac.ir

2 F Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) MR-VP Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) TSB

3 TSI E A O linical and Laboratory Standard LSI Institute TSI

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5 D AM, LP, FR, NA AM, FM, LP, FR, NA, N TE, SXT, FM, E, V,, P, T, S, NA, FR, LP, ENF, D TE, E, V,, P, T, S, AM,, NA, FF, FR, D TE, SXT, FM, E, V,, P, T, NA, D E, V,, P, NA, D AM, B, L, FR, LP, D, S, TE B, FR, LP, T, S, TE B, L, FM, FR, LP, D, S, SXT, TE AM, B, L, FM, FR, LP, D, S, SXT, TE AM, B, F, L, FM, FR, LP, D, S, SXT, TE B, L, FM, FR, LP, D, S, TE AN,, B, FF, FM, FR, GM, LP, N, D, S, SXT, TE AN,, B, L, FF, FM, FR, GM, K, LP, N, D, S, SXT, TE, TOB B, L, FM, D P, FM, AM, AM, B P, N, FM, AM, PIP, FR, TE, FOS P, AM, S, AN, GM, SXT, LP,, FR, TE P, NA, L, AM, FR P, ENF, NA, F, FM, AM, AM, S, LP,, FOS P, NOR, L, AM, K, AN, GM, SXT P, AM, AM, TOB P, F, L, AM AM, B, FM, L, PIP AM, B, L, FR, N, TE B, L, FM B, L, FR, LP, D, S, TE AM, B, FM, L, FM, FR, LP, D, S, TE AM, AN, AZ, B, L, FM, FR, K, LP, D, PIP, S, TE AM, L, FM, FR, D, TE B, L, FR, LP, D, S, TE AM, L, FM, TE AM =Ampicilin, AM=Amoxi-clav, AN=Amikacin, =hloramphenicol, L=olistin sulphate, AZ=eftazidime, B=arbenicillin, F=ephalothin, FM=efixime, = lindamycin, P=iprofloxacine, D=Doxycycline, ENF= Enrofloxacin, E= Erythromycin, FM=Flumequin, FR=Furazolidone, FF=Flofenicol, FOS=Fosbac, GM=Gentamycin, K=Kanamaycin, LP=Linco-spectin, NA=Nalidixic Acid, N=Neomycin NOR=Norfloxacin, P= Penicillin, PIP=Piperacillin, S=Streptomycin, SXT= Sulfamethoxazol + Trimethoprim, T= Oxytetracycline, TE=Tetracycline, TOB=Tobramycin, V=Vancomycin

7 D

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10 6- linical and Laboratory Standard Institute (LSI); Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Testing. 16th informational supplement. Wayne, PA: LSI; hristopher, M. and Parry, M. B; Typhoid Fever. N. Engl. J. Med; 2002; 347: rump, J. A; Barrett, T. J; Nelson, J. T. and Angulo, F. J; Reevaluating fluoroquinolone breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and for non-typhi Salmonellae. lin. Infect. Dis.; 2003; 37: Dominigues, A. R; Pires, S. M; Halasa, T. and Hald, T; Source attribution of human campylobacteriosis using a meta-analysis of case-control studies of sporadic infections. Epidemiol. Infect; 2002; 140: Doulatyabi, S.; Peighambari, S. M. and Morshed, R; Survey of Salmonella infections in broiler farms around Sanandaj. J. Ilam Univ. Med. Sci.; (in press) (In Persian) 11- Eram, N; Peighambari, S. M. and Yazdani, A; Study on Salmonella spp. in broiler farms around Ghaemshahr: determination of serotypes and their drug resistance. J. Vet. Lab. Res.; 2013; 5: (In Persian). 12- Fallah, S. H; Asgharpour, F; Naderian, Z. and Moulana, Z; Isolation and determination of antibiotic resistance patterns in non- typhoid Salmonella Spp. isolated from chicken. Enterpathog; 2013; 1: Akbarian, R; Peighambari, S. M; Morshed, R. and Yazdani, A; Survey of Salmonella infection in Iranian poultry flocks. Iranian Vet. J.; 2012; 8: (In Persian). 2- Angulo, F. J; Johnson, K. R; Tauxe, R. V. and ohen, M. L; Origins and consequences of antimicrobial-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella: implications for the use of fluoroquinolones in food animals. Microb. Drug. Resist; 2000; 6: Ashrafganjooyi, S.; Saeid Adeli, N. and Rafizadeh Shahi, H; Isolation of Salmonella spp. and drug resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole in Kerman. Iran J. Med. Microbiol; 2014; 8: (In Persian). 4- Braden,. R; Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and eggs: a national epidemic in the United States. lin. Infect. Dis; 2006; 43: enters for Disease ontrol and Prevention (D); Preliminary food net data on the incidence of infection with pathogen transmitted commonly through food 10 state/2005. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep; 2006; 55:

11 . A; Multi-drug resistant typhoid: a global problem. J. Med. Microbiol; 1996; 44: Morshed, R. and Peighambari, S. M; Drug resistance, plasmid profile, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Iranian isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis. New. Microbiol; 2010; 33: Meldrum, R. J. and Wilson, I. G; Salmonella and ampylobacter in United Kingdom retail raw chicken in J. Food Prot.; 2007; 70: Morshed, R. and Peighambari, S.M; Salmonella infections in poultry flocks in the vicinity of Tehran. Int. J. Vet. Res.; 2010; 4: Morshed, R; Bacteriological study of broiler flocks (Salmonella contamination) in Amol city. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi Vet. J; 2012; 97: (In Persian) 25- Much, P; Pichler, J. and Allerberger, F; Foodborne infectious outbreaks, Austria Wien. Klin. Wochenschr; 2007; 119: (Abstract in English) Peighambari, S. M; Akbarian, R; Morshed, R. and Yazdani, A; haracterization of Salmonella isolates from poultry sources in Iran. Iranian J. Vet. Med.; 2013; 7: Peighambari, S. M; Sorahi Nobar, M. and Morshed, R; Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis among serogroup Salmonella isolates from poultry using PR and determination of drug resistance patterns. Iranian.Vet. J; 2015; 11: (In Persian). 13- Gast, R. K; Salmonella infection; Diseases of Poultry, 12th ED; Saif, Y. M; A. M. Fadly; J. R. Glisson; L. R. McDougald; L. K. Nolan; D. E. Swayne; Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, 2008; pp Ghaderi, R; Moradi Bidhendi, S. and khaki, P; Occurrence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from poultry in Iran. Arch. Razi Inst; 2016; 71: Gomez, T. M; Motarjemi, Y.; Miyagawa, S; Kaferstein, F. K. and Stohr, K; Foodborne Salmonellosis. World. Health. Stat Q; 1997; 50: Hermans, D; Pasmans, F; Messens, W; Martel, A. and van Immerseel, F; Poultry as a host for the zoonotic pathogen ampylobacter jejuni. Vector. Borne. Zoonotic. Dis; 2012; 12: Jamshidi, A; Zahraie Salehi, M. T. and Afshari Nic, S; Detection of Salmonella spp. contamination of carcasses slaughtered in poultry abattoir in Mashhad, Iran. Arch. Razi Inst; 2007; 62: Mayahi, M; Roaaie, M. and Varjavand, M; Study on Salmonella spp. in broiler chickens in Ahvaz. Iranian J. Infect. Dis. Trop. Med.; 2004; 9: Miranda, J. M; Mondragón, A. ; Martínez, B; Guarddon M. and Rodríguez, J. A; Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella from different raw foods in Mexico. J. Food Prot; 2009; 72: Mirza, S. H; Beeching, N. J. and Hart,

12 perspectives in food- and waterborne infections. FEMS. Microbiol. Rev.; 2002; 26: Waltman, W. D; Gast, R. K. and Mallinson, E. T; Salmonellosis; A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens, 4th Ed; Swayne, D. E; Glisson, J. R; Jackwood, M. M; Pearson, J. E. and Read, W. M; American Association of Avian Pathologists, Pennsylvania, USA; Yang, B; Qu, D; Zhang, X; Shen, J; ui, S; Shi, Y. and et al. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella serovars in retail meats of marketplace in Shaanxi, hina. Int. J. Food. Microbiol; 2010; 141: Yildirim, Y; Gonulalan, Z; Pamuk, S. and Ertas, N; Incidence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. on raw chicken carcasses. Food. Res. Int; 2011; 44: Zahraei Salehi, M. T; Salmonella. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, Iran; 1999; Zahraei Salehi, M. T; Mahzounieh, M. and Saeedzadeh, A; The isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from intestine and liver of poultry in Shiraz province of Iran. Int. J. Poult. Sci.; 2005; 4: Shrestha, A; Regmi, P; Dutta, R. K; Khanal, D. R; Aryal, S. R; Thakur, R. P; and et al. First report on antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from poultry in Nepal. Vet. Microbiol; 2010; 144: Singh, S; Yadav, A. S; Singh, S. M. and Bharti, P; Prevalence of Salmonella in chicken eggs collected from poultry farms and marketing channels and their antimicrobial resistance. Food. Res. Int.; 2010; 43: Solano, ; Galindo, J; Sesma, B; Alvarez, M; Salsona, M. J. and Gamazo, ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a Salmonella Enteritidis antigen for differentiating infected from vaccinated poultry; 2000; Vet. Res.; 31: Soltan Dallal, M. M; Taremi, M; Gachkar, L; Modarressi, S. H; Sanaei, M; Bakhtiari, R; Sharifi Yazdi, M. K. and Zali, M. R; harachterization of antibiotic resistant patterns of Salmonella serotypes isolated from beef and chicken samples in Tehran. Jundishapour J. Microbiol. 2009; 2: Soltan Dallal, M. M; Taremi, M; Modarressi, S. H; Zolfagharian, K. and Zali, M. R; Determining the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes obtained from meat & chicken samples and their antibiotic resistance pattern in Tehran. Pejouhandeh; 2007; 12: (In Persian). 31- Threlfall, E. J; Antimicrobial drug resistance in Salmonella: problems and

13 Vol.12 / No.2 Fall-Winter Survey of Non-typhoid Salmonella Infections among some Broiler Flocks of Mazandaran and Gilan Provinces, Peighambari S. M. 1*, Morshed R. 2, Shojadoost B. 3, Nikpiran H. 4, Haghbin Nazarpak H. 5, Khakpour M. 4, Faghih Nasiri Z. 6, Fallahdoost M. 6, Kachabi S. H. 7, Voshtani R. 6, Rohollahzade H. 8, Yazdani A Professor, Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran- Iran. 2. Assistant Professor, Veterinary and Agriculture Group, Iran Encyclopedia ompiling Foundation, Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, Tehran- Iran. 3. Associate Professor, Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran- Iran. 4. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch, Tabriz- Iran. 5. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Garmsar branch, Garmsar- Iran. 6. Graduated Veterinarian, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran- Iran. 7. Graduated Veterinarian, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch, Tabriz- Iran. 8. Graduated Veterinarian, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University- Garmsar branch, Garmsar- Iran. 9. MSc in Veterinary Laboratory Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran- Iran. Received: 1 December 2016 Accepted: 25 January 2018 Summary Non-typhoid Salmonella spp. are recognized as one of the major food-borne pathogens with more than 2500 serotypes worldwide. This survey was done to determine Salmonella infection among broiler flocks in Mazandaran and Gilan Provinces, as among the most important poultry production centers in Iran. Thirty-five Salmonella isolates were recovered by standard bacteriological methods from manure samples (1331 pooled samples) collected from 126 broiler houses in different ages. Slide agglutination tests were performed using Salmonella somatic O poly antisera form each of A to E antisera. The occurrence rate of infection was 26% among 126 houses. It was found that 17 (48.57%) and 18 (51.43%) isolates belonged to groups D and, respectively. The occurrence and the level of antimicrobial resistance patterns in 35 Salmonella isolates were also determined. Thirty-two different patterns of resistance were found among 35 isolates. The highest resistance was observed to erythromycin, vancomycin, clindamycin, penicillin, doxycycline, colistin, oxytetracycline, carbenicillin, furazolidone and tetracycline. The highest percentage of sensitivity (100%) was found to ceftriaxon, danofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, ofloxacin, cefazolin and amoxicillin. All isolates were found to be multi-resistance. In the other words, all isolates were resistant against one to three antimicrobials tested. The high prevalence of multidrug resistance found in this study may be attributed to widespread usage of antimicrobial agents in domestic animals especially poultry industry in Iran. There is a serious implication for public health by transmitting resistant bacteria to human via food chain. Keywords: Salmonella, Drug resistance, Serogroup, Broiler, Mazandaran, Gilan. * orresponding Author mpeigham@ut.ac.ir 135 Iranian Journal of Vetrinary linical Sciences

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