ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN COMMENSAL E. COLI FROM LIVESTOCK IN BELGIUM: Veterinary Epidemiology

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1 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN COMMENSAL E. COLI FROM LIVESTOCK IN BELGIUM: TREND ANALYSIS Veterinary Epidemiology

2 General objectives Monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and commensal bacteria (Decision 2013/652/EC) Commensal E. coli isolated from faeces between (trends analysis) in: Veal calves: young cattle kept in specialized units for fattening and slaughtered at an average age of 8 months Beef Cattle (meat production): young animals (7 months or younger) from farms raising beef cattle for meat production Broiler chickens Fattening pigs: fattening pigs older than 3 months Several statistical models are used.

3 Antimicrobial resistance Isolate E. coli and determine Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for Ampicillin Chloramphenicol Ciprofloxacin Colistin Cefotaxime Gentamicin Meropenem (2014-) Nalidixic acid Sulphamethoxazole Ceftazidime Tetracycline If MIC>cut-off Resistant WHO Epidemiological list of Critically Important Cut-offs defined Antimicrobials (highest by the priority) European for Human Committee Medicine on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing National monitoring program: faecal isolates per year ( ) for veal calves, beef cattle, broiler chickens, pigs (n = samples) Tigecyclin (2014-) Trimethoprim If MIC cut-off Susceptible

4 Resistance (%) Results prevalence : Descriptive Statistics Resistance >50% Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Sulphamethoxazole Trimethoprim 100 Resistance strains prevalence Veal calves - E. coli Ampicillin Chloramphenicol Gentamicin Meropenem Sulphamethoxazole Tetracycline Tigecyclin Trimethoprim 0

5 Resistance (%) Results prevalence : Descriptive Statistics 100 Resistance strains prevalence Veal calves - E. coli Critically important antimicrobials Highest priority 90 Ciprofloxacin Colistin Cefotaxime Nalidixic acid Ceftazidime 0

6 NS Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime but prevalence very low

7 Resistance (%) Results prevalence : Descriptive Statistics Sulphamethoxazole: 22,50 % (2017) Resistance strains prevalence Beef cattle - E. coli 100 Ampicillin Chloramphenicol Gentamicin 60 Meropenem Sulphamethoxazole Tetracycline 20 Tigecyclin Trimethoprim

8 Resistance (%) 100 Results prevalence : Descriptive Statistics Resistance strains prevalence Beef cattle - E. coli Critically important antimicrobials Highest priority Ciprofloxacin Colistin Cefotaxime Nalidixic acid Ceftazidime

9 NS for Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin*, Ceftazidime*, Cefotaxime * * Prevalence is low

10 Resistance (%) Results prevalence : Descriptive Statistics Resistance >50% pour: Ampicilin, Sulphamethoxazole, Ciprofloxacon, Trimethoprim Cefotaxime: +9,95% Ceftazidime: +8,63% 100 Resistance strains prevalence Chickens - E. coli 90 Ampicillin 80 Chloramphenicol 70 Gentamicin Meropenem Sulphamethoxazole Tetracycline 20 Trimethoprim 10 Tigecyclin 0

11 Resistance (%) Prevalence : Statistiques descriptives 100 Resistance strains prevalence Chickens - E. coli Critically important antimicrobials Highest priority Ciprofloxacin Colistin Cefotaxime Nalidixic acid Ceftazidime 10 0

12 NS pour Gentamicine

13 Resistance (%) Results prevalence : Descriptive Statistics Sulphamethoxazole,Tetracyclin,Trimethoprim Ampicilin Resistance strains prevalence Pigs - E. coli Ampicillin Chloramphenicol Gentamicin 60 Meropenem 50 Sulphamethoxazole Tetracycline Tigecyclin Trimethoprim 0

14 Resistance (%) Results prevalence : Descriptive Statistics 100 Resistance strains prevalence Pigs - E. coli Critically important antimicrobials Highest priority 90 Ciprofloxacin Colistin Cefotaxime Nalidixic acid Ceftazidime 0

15 NS Ampicilin, Chloramphenicol, Ceftazidime,, Cefotaxime, Gentamicine*, Colistine* *low prevalence

16 MULTI-RESISTANCE Resistance to at least three different antimicrobials, representing different antimicrobial families

17 Full susceptibility 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Veal calves 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Beef cattle 0% 0% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Pigs 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Chickens 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 10% 0% 20% 10% 0%

18 Resistance to 0, 1, 2 and 3 or more antimicrobials 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Veal calves % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Beef cattle Pigs Chickens 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

19 Discussion Phenotypic data: genotypic analysis could confirm Probability to be resistant globally decreases in all species Veal calves: constant decrease of resistance of highest priority AB, but is slowing down in the last years. Beef cattle: resistance remains lower compared to other species. Increases/decreases from one year to another should be nuanced in view of the low sample size and laboratory methodologies, Pigs: Other AB: situation similar as last year, Chickens: substances with a high level a resistance but statistically significant decrease in resistance over time. However, prevalences of cefotaxime and ceftazidime have been increasing since No resistance to carbapenems (mero) and glycylcyclines (tig) for the fourth year on a row: two classes not authorized for use in animals Proportion of full sensitive and non-multiresistant strains is stable over time

20 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Cargnel Mickaël

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