January The following practices and laboratories (112) submitted reports in January 2015:

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1 Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally by veterinarians belonging to the Ruminant Veterinary Association of South Africa (RuVASA), a group of the South African Veterinary Association January 2015 The following practices and laboratories (112) submitted reports in January 2015: (11) Balfour dr. Louis van Jaarsveld Bethal dr. Hardus Pieters Delmas dr. Johan Jooste Ermelo drs. Potgieter and Steinberg Grootvlei dr. Neels van Wyk Lydenburg drs. Trümpelmann and Steyn Nelspruit dr. André Beytell Middelburg drs. Fourie and Rabie Piet Retief - drs. Niebuhr and Weber Standerton dr. Kobie Kroon Volksrust dr. André Visser Gauteng (9) Bapsfontein dr. Evert Olivier Bronkhorstspruit drs. De Bruin, De Bruin, Rudolph and Slabber Krugersdorp drs. Jeffery, Van Eeden and Walker Krugersdorp: dr. Clare Speedy Krugersdorp - Veeartsnetwerk Nigel dr. Cindy van der huizen Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital proff. Annandale, Prozesky, Shakespear, drs. Blignaut, Carrington, Gratwick, Grobler, Harmse, Holm, Pfitzer and O Dell Pretoria dr. Hanneke Pienaar Limpopo (6) Bela-Bela drs. Du Toit, Hansen, Bester and Herbst Lephalale (Ellisras) dr. Brigitte Luck

2 Modimolle (Nylstroom) drs. Huber, Bredell and Barnard Mokopane (Potgietersrus) - dr. Henk Visser Polokwane (Pietersburg) drs. Watson, Viljoen, Jansen Van Vuuren, Van Rooyen, Snyman and Cremona Vaalwater - dr. Hampie van Staden (9) Bloemhof dr. Cizelle Naudé Brits drs. Boshoff and Coertze Christiana - dr. Pieter Nel Leeudoringstad - dr. Ian Jonker Schweizer-Reneke - dr. N.J. Heyns Stella - dr. Magdaleen Vosser Swartruggens dr. Roselle Hartwigsen Ventersdorp dr. Olof Marais Vryburg dr. Jurie Kritzinger (24) Bethlehem drs. Basson, Strydom and Strydom Bloemfontein - dr. Stephan Wessels Bothaville dr. Johan Blaauw Bultfontein dr. Santjie Pieterse Clocolan drs. Marwick and Wasserman Dewetsdorp dr. Marike Badenhorst Ficksburg dr. Woody Kotze Frankfort - drs. Lessing, Cilliers and Janse van Rensburg Harrismith - drs. Thirion, Pretorius and Nel Hertzogville dr. Nico Hendrikz Hoopstad - dr. Kobus Pretorius Kroonstad drs. Daffue, Eksteen, Van Zyl and Van der Walt Ladybrand/Excelsior - drs. De Vos and Nel Memel drs. Nixon and Nixon Parys drs. Wessels and Wessels Reitz - dr. Murray Smith Viljoenskroon - dr. Johan Kahts Villiers - drs. Hattingh and Hauptfleish Vrede drs. Myburgh and Bester-Cloete Wesselsbron dr. Johan Jacobs Zastron dr. Phillip Brand KwaZulu- (20) Bergville - dr. Ariena Shepherd Bergville dr. Jubie Muller Camperdown dr. Anthony van Tonder Dundee - dr. Tony Grace

3 Dundee drs. Marais and Fynn Eshowe drs. Pryke and Hoffman Estcourt drs.turner, Tedder, Taylor, Tratschler, Van Rooyen and Alwar Greytown dr. Mike Caldicott Howick drs. Hughes, Lund, Gordon, Allison and Taylor Ingogo dr. Trish Oglesby Kokstad- drs. Clowes and Shrives Mooi River - drs. Fowler, Hartley, Waterman and Mallet Mtubatuba dr. Trever Viljoen Newcastle dr. Barry Rafferty Pietermaritzburg dr. Phillip Kretzmann Pietermaritzburg dr. Rick Mapham Pongola dr. Heinz Kohrs Underberg - drs. Collins, King and Delaney Underberg dr. Pete Dommett Vryheid drs. Theron and Theron (12) Alexandria - drs. Olivier and Dreyer Alexandria dr. Thys Potgieter Aliwal drs. Troskie and Strauss Graaff- Reinet - dr. Roland Larson Graaff-Reinet drs. Hobson and Strydom Humansdorp - drs. Van Niekerk, Jansen Van Vuuren, Barker and Kotze Jeffreys Bay - drs. Lategan, Hoek and McFarlane Middelburg drs. Van Rooyen and Viljoen Port Alfred dr. Leon de Bruyn Queenstown drs. Du Preez, Godley, Klopper, Jansen van Vuuren, De Klerk and Catherine Somerset East drs. Farrel, Louw and Ross Uitenhage drs. Mulder and Krüger (17) Beaufort - drs. Pienaar and Grobler Caledon drs. Retief and Rissik Ceres dr. Johani Pieterse Darling drs. V.d. Merwe, Adam and Senekal George - drs. Strydom, Truter, and Pettifer George dr. Riaan Putter Heidelberg dr. Albert van Zyl Malmesbury dr. Otto Kriek Malmesbury drs. Bosman and Groenewald Malmesbury dr. Markus Fourie Oudtshoorn dr. Glen Carlisle Oudtshoorn dr. Adriaan Olivier Plettenberg Bay dr. André Reitz

4 Stellenbosch dr. Alfred Kidd Swellendam dr. Jacques Malan Vredenburg - dr. Izak Rust Wellington dr. William van Zyl (6) De Aar dr. Donald Anderson Jan Kempdorp dr. Jan Brand Kathu dr. Jan Vorster Kimberley drs. Van Heerden and Swart Kuruman dr. Gerhard van der huizen Upington drs. Vorster and Visser Feedlots (2) Drs. Morris and Du Preez Dr. Andy Hentzen Laboratory reports (5) Dr. Annelize Jonker Provincial Vet Lab, Stellenbosch Dr. Marijke Henton - Idexx SA Johannesburg Dr. Liza du Plessis Idexx SA Onderstepoort Dr. Lucy Lange Pathcare, Town Dr. Rick Last Vetdiagnostix, Pietermaritzburg Summary of disease report for January Reports from veterinary practices and laboratories were received ( 11; Gauteng 9; Limpopo 6; 9; 24; KwaZulu- 20; 12; 17; 6; Feedlot 2 and Laboratories 4). Take home message Most of the conditions and diseases could have been prevented by a good management and vaccination program drawn up in collaboration with your veterinarian. Internal parasites Due to drier weather conditions in large extensive areas of the country problems with internal parasites decreased. For parasites to thrive, moisture and warm weather conditions are needed. Be aware of clinical signs of infestations. A website where these signs are discussed according to the Five Point Check is found at:

5 Roundworms Reports of wireworm, brown stomach-worm and other worms were received from most provinces. Consult your veterinarian about selecting the correct anthelmintic group as anthelmintic resistance is rife. Resistance to groups differ from farm to farm. Ask your veterinarian to explain the concept of refugia to you when using dewormers. Tapeworms Young animals should especially be observed for clinical signs such as diarrhoea and pot belly. Observe if animals are shedding white segments (proglottids) in the faeces. Remember animals become infested when they eat infected grass mites and they are NOT infected via their mother s milk or some other way. Parafilaria Cattle with bleeding spots were from Limpopo,, and KwaZulu-. At slaughter these lesions will be removed and farmers will lose revenue. Animals should be treated 70 days before slaughter to allow the lesions to heal. Discuss treatment with your veterinarian. Flukes Study reports from abattoirs to see whether animals slaughtered were infested with liver fluke and discuss control measures with your veterinarian. There is also a blood test available to establish whether the animal is infected with liver fluke. Reports were received from the, KwaZulu- and the and. Be aware of this infestation as drought conditions cause water bodies to contract. With this the water snails, intermediate hosts of liver and conical flukes, become concentrated in these water bodies. When grazing and drinking water from these water bodies, animals will become infected until these bodies dry up completely and the infected stage, metacercariae, dry out. Immature conical flukes cause severe diarrhoea. Be on the lookout for animals with profuse diarrhoea after being moved to camps where there are wet vleis or dams where the infected water snails are present. Cysticercosis (measles) Measles are constant findings in slaughter stock and farmers should strive to prevent infection of animals. Great losses occur when carcasses are condemned or degraded at abattoirs. Source the origin of the infestation and install preventative measures. Train workers regarding the life cycle of Taenia saginata, the human tapeworm. Coccidiosis

6 Infections were from most provinces. Young animals are especially affected by coccidiosis. Wet and muddy conditions are an ideal place for young animals to become infected with this parasite. Discuss preventative measures with your veterinarian. External parasites Ticks Blue ticks cause anaemia and transmit African and Asiatic red water, anaplasmosis and lumpy skin disease. Reports on the presence of these ticks were received from all provinces except the. Assess the efficacy of control programmes with your veterinarian. Bont and bont-legged ticks: these ticks have long mouth parts and their attachment lead to extensive hide damage, wounds, abscesses and screw-worm infestation. If these wounds are not treated timeously deaths may occur. The bont or heartwater tick transmit heartwater and the toxin of the bont-legged tick causes sweating sickness. When these ticks attach between the claws of animals it may result in lameness. Brown ear-ticks: this is a three host tick and hundreds of adults attached to the ears are a common sight this time of the year. If ears are not treated regularly animals may lose ears and even die of tick toxicosis. These ticks can also transmit Theileria the cause of Corridor disease. Discuss the life cycles of these ticks and how to control them with your veterinarian, keeping in mind the selection for tick resistance. Engorged blue ticks can be collected and tested for resistance. Contact your veterinarian for information regarding the test. Do not use a homemade pour-on as this is a sure way of selecting for tick resistance and having residues in the meat. Actives that are used to control ticks are: organophosphates, amidines, pyrethroids, tick development inhibitors (fluazuron) and for blue ticks the macrocyclic lactones. Lice Lice (sucking and biting) numbers are decreasing after the winter. Farmers with wool sheep should check their sheep regularly for lice as they cause serious disturbance of the fleece. There is serious red lice resistance to drugs and therefore farmers should be aware of buying in sheep with lice. Mites Be on the lookout for disturbances in wool and this should be to the Veterinarian as stated in the law. Sheep scab is a controlled disease. Contact your Veterinarian to hear whether there are positive farms in your area. Biosecurity measures to prevent sheep becoming infected should be in place at all times. Flies, midges and mosquitoes Their presence was from many parts of the country. Numerous reports of nuisance flies, blowflies, screw-worm and nasal bot were received. Be on the lookout for diseases carried by these insects. Tick borne diseases

7 African and Asiatic red water Serious losses were from many provinces. In most cases the rest of the animals were blocked treated with drugs to prevent further deaths. This could be prevented by vaccinating animals. Discuss vaccination programmes with your veterinarian. Asiatic red water is a killer disease and proper steps should be taken to control this disease! Be especially on the alert when introducing naive animals into red water areas. Anaplasmosis Numerous reports of outbreaks were received from most provinces. This disease is spread by blue ticks, biting flies and needles (vaccinations). Stress and diseases interfering with the immune system (eg. BVD), trigger anaplasmosis outbreaks. Discuss vaccinating cattle prophylactically with your veterinarian. Heartwater This disease causes serious problems in areas where the bont tick is prevalent. Farmers are looking forward to the day when a safe heartwater vaccine is registered. Insect transmitted diseases Lumpy skin disease This disease transmitted by biting insects and certain ticks was from all over the country. As vaccines are available to control this disease one only wonders why vaccination programmes are not followed? Emphasis should be put on training programmes for communal farmers. Three day stiff sickness Vaccine is not available and serious economic losses were recorded. Heavy bulls contracted the disease and losses were recorded. Blue tongue Reports were received from all over the country except Limpopo. Due to the unavailability of vaccine, young unvaccinated sheep were especially hard hit. Rift Valley Fever and Wesselsbron disease A suspected Rift Valley Fever case turned out to be negative. A positive case of Wesselsbron disease was from Howick. Venereal diseases Only a few bulls were tested for venereal diseases during this time of the year as they are in with the cows. Trichomonosis and Vibriosis

8 Venereal diseases are causing havoc in our country. It is of utmost importance that biosecurity measures are in place. Together with your veterinarian plan how to prevent and control these diseases. Bulls should be tested soon after the breeding season so as farmers with their veterinarians have ample time to plan for the next breeding season. I wonder how many extra calves would have been born if these diseases were under control? Bacterial diseases The following bacterial diseases were : blackquarter, pulpy kidney, lamb dysentery, swelled head, red gut, blood gut, tetanus, salmonellosis, enzootic abortion, colibacillosis, lumpy wool and senkobo disease. It was that 36 animals died of botulism due to a contaminated water source. The animals had a single botulism vaccination without a booster. Bovine Brucellosis: as long as not every single cattle farmer in this country does not make an effort to control and eradicate this disease, reports will be documented every month! Reports received: In a new herd tested 100 animals 80% tested positive Farmer bought 22 cows 9 were positive Ongoing battle at least neighbours still test negative Ovine brucellosis All ram lambs have to be vaccinated with Rev 1 vaccine at weaning. Report: Tested rams on 3 farms for the first time after farmer complained that very few lambs were born 25% of rams tested positive Johnes Johnes disease was from 3 provinces. As with brucellosis the control of this debilitating disease needs our combined effort. For most of the bacterial diseases there are vaccines available. Discuss the risk factors for the diseases in your area with your veterinarian and put together a control program. Viral diseases The following viral diseases were : Bovine malignant catarrh (snotsiekte), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), jaagsiekte, orf and warts. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was from all over the country with high mortality figures. Many of the viruses mentioned above are involved. Discuss with your veterinarian how to control this disease with a vaccination program.

9 Poisonings In drought conditions plant poisonings are usually on the increase as these plants are green amidst the dry grass. The following toxicities were : cardiac glycoside, tulip, ink berry (Cestrum), Cynanchum (klimop), facial eczema, dikoor, geeldikkop, Senecio, Lantana, lupins, krimpsiekte, malkop ui (Dipcadi glaucum), blue green algae, prussic acid, mycotoxicosis, organophosphate, ionophor, lead, urea, nitrate and snake bite. Draw up a protocol with your veterinarian on how to treat these poisonings should it occur on your farm. Nutritional The following deficiencies were recorded: energy, protein, phosphate, calcium, iodine, copper, selenium, vitamins A and B1. Liver, blood and bone samples can be taken by your veterinarian to get a profile of the micro and macro mineral status of your animals. In addition analize water and soil samples. The results will help you to establish whether there are antagonists present which will lower the uptake of minerals. Multifactorial diseases and other conditions The following were : abscesses, bladder stones, blindness, opthalmia, eye cancer, bloat, blood gut, blue udder, mastitis, diarrhoea, joint ill, epididymitis, lameness, navel ill, trauma, downer cows and pneumonia. Reproductive diseases and other conditions The following were : abortions, dystocias, metritis, poor conception, retained afterbirths, prolapses and heat stress. In a flock of 250 ewes only 25% conceived. 18 rams tested sperm evaluation showed 60% loose heads. Still investigating the cause of the problem. Metabolic diseases The following were : acidosis, displaced abomasum, ketosis and milk fever. Other conditions Deaths occurred due to trauma, lightning and predators. Comments: Important points for a successful farming operation Biosecurity is the key word to keep in mind when farming with livestock. The identification of each individual animal is the start of good management. Fences should be intact

10 Know the disease status of animals bought in before bringing them into the herd! Quarantine measures when animals are brought into the flock or herd. Control venereal diseases Eradicate brucellosis Strictly follow vaccination program drawn up with your veterinarian Parasite control program Correct usage of drugs Veterinarian: pregnancy diagnosis and bull testing, updating of programmes Training of personnel DISEASE DISTRIBUTION REPORT AS REPORTED BY VETERINARIANS Table of Contents Internal Parasites Roundworms in general, Resistant Round Worms, Wireworm, Brown stomach-worm, Eye worm (Thelazia rhodesii), Tape Worms, Parafilaria, Liver fluke, Conical Flukes, Cysticercosis External Parasites Blue ticks, Resistant blue Ticks, Heartwater (Bont) ticks, Brown ear-ticks, Bont-legged ticks, Red-legged ticks, Paralysis ticks, Biting lice (red lice), Scab mites, Mange Mites, Nuisance Flies, Blowflies, Screw-worm, Nasal bot larvae, Midges, Mosquitoes Tick-borne Diseases African red water, Asiatic red water, Anaplasmosis, Heartwater, Sweating Sickness, Corridor disease Insect Transmittable Diseases Lumpy skin disease, Three-day-stiffsickness, Rift Valley Fever, Wesselsbron disease, Blue tongue Venereal Diseases Trichomonosis, Vibriosis, Pizzle disease Bacterial Disease (other) Other, Blackquarter, Pulpy Kidney, Lamb dysentry, Swelled head disease, Redgut (cattle), Blood gut (Sheep), Tetanus, Botulism, Salmonellosis, Brucella abortus, Brucella ovis, Johne`s disease, Septicaemia, Enzootic Abortion, E.coli, Intrauterine Gangrene, Bovine Dermatophilosis (Senkobo disease), Fusibacterium necrophorum Protozoal diseases (other) Coccidiosis Fungal diseases Ringworm Viral Diseases (other) BMC, BVD (Bovine viral diarrhoea), IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis), Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL), Jaagsiekte, Orf, Warts Poisonings (Plant) and Fungal Cardiac glycoside poisoning, Cestrum, Cynanchum poisoning, Facial eczema, Geeldikkop/Dikoor, Lantana, Lupine Poisoning, Nenta poisoning (Krimpsiekte), Nitrate poisoning, Prussic acid poisoning, Seneciosis, Tulip

11 Poisoning, Micotoxicosis, Other Poisonings Urea Poisoning, Snake Bite, Blue-green algae, Other Macro Nutritional Problems Energy deficiency, Protein deficiency, Phosphate deficiency, Calcium deficiency Micro Nutritional Problems Copper deficiency, Selenium deficiency, Vitamin A deficiency, Vitamin B deficiency Multi-factorial Disease Conditions Abortions, Stillbirths, Abscesses, Abscesses in general, Bladder stones, Blindness, Bloat, Blood gut (sheep and goat), Blue udder, Diarrhoea, Epididymitis, Eye Cancer, Eye infections, Joint Ill, Lameness/Foot Problems, Lung infection, Mastitis in general, Navel Ill, Redgut (Sheep), Trauma, Downer, Other Metabolic Diseases Acidosis, Displaced abomasum, Ketosis, Milk Fever Reproductive diseases Dystocia (Difficult Births), Endometritis, Metritis, Poor conception, Retained afterbirth, Sheath Prolaps, Uterus prolaps, Vaginal (Cervical) prolaps Climatical Cause Heat stress, Lightning, Frozen to death Non specific diseases Other species, Preditors, Sabotation - Theft, Trauma Internal Parasites Roundworms in general Average 2.0 (2) 2.3 (8) 3.0 (5) 1.0 (1) 2.2 (19) 2.2 (12) 2.4 (10) 2.5 (2) 1.0 (2) Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.7 (3) 3.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.3 (16) 2.3 (6) 2.2 (6) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (2) Goat 1.7 (3) 3.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 2.7 (3) Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer One herd. Standerton, Econovet Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek

12 , Goat: 2 Krugersdorp, Lammermoor Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3,, Goat: 2 Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Goat: 1 Limpopo Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek, Goat: 3 Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser, Goat: 3 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek, Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Already two farms with severe infestations of wireworm and a few deaths. Try to coordinate treatment and management. Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek, Dairy: 1, Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Wireworm Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek

13 Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic, Goat: 2 Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic,, Goat: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Goat: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic, Goat: 2 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie Graaff-Reinet, Camdeboo Veterinary Clinic, Goat: 2 Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic, Goat: 3 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital Dairy: 3 Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic, Goat: 3 Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic Nodular worm. George, George Herd Heath Consult Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek Kuruman, Kuruman Dierekliniek Resistant Round Worms Average 1.3 (4) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.2 (5) 1.5 (4) Sheep 1.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.2 (5) 1.5 (4) Goat 1.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek

14 Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital, Goat: 1 Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Bloemhof, Bloemhof Dierekliniek Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie Graaff-Reinet, Camdeboo Veterinary Clinic Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Wireworm Average 2.3 (7) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2) 2.3 (10) 2.3 (3) 2.6 (5) Beef 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1) Sheep 2.3 (6) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 2.5 (8) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (4) Goat 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek One outbreak Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer

15 Five farms Middelburg, Middelburg Dierehospitaal Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital, Goat: 2 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital A few cases with mortalities. Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek, Goat: 2 Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Vaalwater, Vaalwater Dierespreekkamer Deaths caused by wireworm on three farms Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek, Dairy: 1, Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Goat: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Perennial problem for farmers, especially amongst weaners (sheep) Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Middelburg (EC), Steynsburg Dierehospitaal Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic, Brown stomach-worm

16 Average 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital Dairy: 3 Eye worm (Thelazia rhodesii) Average 1.5 (2) Beef 1.5 (2) Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Tape Worms Average 2.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.8 (8) 2.0 (1) 1.3 (3) Beef 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (6) 1.5 (2) Goat 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Standerton, Econovet Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek, Goat: 1 Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic

17 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek, Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap, Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Graaff-Reinet, Camdeboo Veterinary Clinic Goat: 1 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Queenstown, Queenstown Veterinary clinic Parafilaria Average 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.3 (3) Beef 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.3 (3) Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic

18 Liver fluke Average 2.0 (5) 2.3 (4) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) Beef 2.0 (4) 2.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1) Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal, Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic, Dairy: 3 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic, Goat: 2 George, George Herd Heath Consult Conical Flukes Average 2.0 (2) 1.7 (3) 2.7 (3) Beef 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.5 (2) Dairy 3.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Standerton, Econovet

19 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic, Dairy: 3 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Cysticercosis Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.7 (3) Beef 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Sheep 1.0 (1) Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Abattoir inspections: all ex-feedlot Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Pietermaritzburg, Dr Rick Mapham Consultancy Measles is a constant finding in slaughter stock. We need to encourage the public at large to be aware of tape worm infections. This is apparently again the 20:80 principle i.e. 20% of the people or less actually are responsible for 80% of measles. Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinary Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic External Parasites Blue ticks Average 2.5 (8) 2.5 (2) 2.8 (4) 2.5 (4) 2.4 (17) 2.6 (17) 2.5 (4) 2.3 (4)

20 Beef 2.6 (7) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (4) 2.3 (14) 2.6 (14) 2.5 (4) 2.0 (3) Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (3) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Delmas, Delmas Dierekliniek Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital, Dairy: 2 Standerton, Econovet Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Nigel, Welgelegen Dierekliniek Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic,, Goat: 3 Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek, Dairy: 2, Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal, Dairy: 3

21 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Dairy: 3 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic, Dairy: 3 Ingogo, Gen XY Stud Beef Consultancy Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic, Dairy: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Pietermaritzburg, Dr Rick Mapham Consultancy Ticks very active in the Valley Bushveld areas Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinary Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Weather conditions probably play a role.

22 Queenstown, Queenstown Veterinary clinic Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital George, George Herd Heath Consult Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 3 Oudtshoorn, Oudtshoorn Dierekliniek Resistant blue Ticks Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (4) Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (4) Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinary Clinic Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Heartwater (Bont) ticks Average 2.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.6 (7) 2.6 (5) 2.3 (17) 3.0 (1) Beef 2.0 (3) 2.7 (3) 2.3 (3) 2.3 (8) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (4) Goat 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.4 (5) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer

23 Two farms - four deaths Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Ticks cause wounds. Became infested with screw-worm larvae. Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser,, Goat: 2 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic,, Goat: 3 Brits, Brits Dierekliniek,, Goat: 3 Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health,, Goat: 3 Eshowe, Eshowe Veterinary Hospital, Goat: 3 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Goat: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic,, Goat: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinary Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic,, Goat: 2 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron, Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Brown ear-ticks Average 2.6 (7) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (5) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.4 (10) 2.0 (1) Beef 2.6 (7) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (3) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.4 (10) 2.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1)

24 Goat 3.0 (1) Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Delmas, Delmas Dierekliniek Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Severe infestation Middelburg, Middelburg Dierehospitaal Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital January,February,March traditional Brown ear tick season. Bleeding ears with screw-worm infestation Standerton, Econovet Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek Ears destroyed by ticks. Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic,, Goat: 3 Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Ingogo, Gen XY Stud Beef Consultancy Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle

25 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Bont-legged ticks Average 1.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.6 (8) 2.6 (17) 2.3 (4) 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.5 Beef 1.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.6 (5) (11) Dairy 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.3 (4) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Brits, Brits Dierekliniek, Dairy: 3, Goat: 3 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic, Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital

26 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek, Dairy: 2, Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal, Dairy: 3,, Goat: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek, Lameness Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beaufort, Beaufort Vet Dorper and Merino rams severely infested Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Kathu, Kathu Dierekliniek Kuruman, Kuruman Dierekliniek Red-legged ticks Average 1.3 (3) 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3) 2.6 (14) 2.3 (3) 3.0 (1) Beef 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3) 2.7 (6) 2.3 (3) 3.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (2) Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.4 (5) Goat 3.0 (1)

27 Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek, Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek, Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek, Dairy: 3, Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal, Dairy: 3,, Goat: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic, Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Paralysis ticks Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap

28 Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Biting lice (red lice) Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Beef 1.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Red lice in a flock of 200 sheep Scab mites Average 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) Queenstown, Queenstown Veterinary clinic Mange Mites Average 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Sheep scab Nuisance Flies

29 Average 2.0 (4) 2.5 (12) 2.6 (15) 3.0 (2) 1.6 (7) Beef 2.3 (3) 2.4 (7) 2.7 (9) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (3) Dairy 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.5 (4) 2.3 (3) 1.0 (1) Goat 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek, Delmas, Delmas Dierekliniek Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Severe irritation, especially legs and lower abdomen. Must have a negative effect on animal performance. Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer, Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic, Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek, Dairy: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap, Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic,, Goat: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic,, Goat: 3 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services, Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic, Dairy: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle

30 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital Dairy: 3 Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed,, Goat: 1 Oudtshoorn, Oudtshoorn Dierekliniek Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Dairy: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Blowflies Average 2.0 (1) 2.5 (4) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) Beef 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1) Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Brits, Brits Dierekliniek, Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic, Goat: 2 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie Queenstown, Queenstown Veterinary clinic Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek

31 Screw-worm Average 3.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (4) Beef 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (2) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1) Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Follows tick bites, especially Bont ticks Limpopo Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek Maggots destroyed ears Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser, Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic,, Goat: 3 Nasal bot larvae Average 2.0 (1) 2.4 (5) 1.7 (3) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.4 (5) 2.0 (2) Goat 1.0 (1) Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal

32 Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic, Goat: 1 Midges Average 2.6 (5) 2.0 (3) 2.3 (8) 1.0 (3) Beef 2.3 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.3 (3) 1.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Delmas, Delmas Dierekliniek Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital,, Goat: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Snow on 2 February followed by a heat wave together with less than half of the lowest rainfall we have ever recorded for this farm (19 years) has meant an extremely low insect challenge. Vryheid, Dr GH Theron

33 , Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Dry but moisture seeking midges more of a problem now. Lots of biting flies. Bad outbreak of lumpy skin which our farmers do not know (for the past 3 months now). Suspect blue tongue as well. Dry but moisture seeking midges more of a problem now. Lots of biting flies. Bad outbreak of lumpy skin disease which our farmers do not know (for the past 3 months now). Suspect blue tongue as well. Goat: 1 Mosquitoes Average 3.0 (1) Beef 3.0 (1) Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Tick-borne Diseases African red water Average 2.0 (3) 1.0 (3) 2.6 (7) 2.2 (15) 2.1 (8) 2.0 (5) Beef 2.0 (3) 1.0 (3) 2.7 (6) 2.1 (13) 2.0 (7) 1.7 (3) Dairy 2.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Standerton, Econovet Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Vaalwater, Vaalwater Dierespreekkamer One bull died of red water - diagnosed on post mortem. No clinical signs were observed. One cow was treated and survived.

34 Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Outbreak in 3 herds. On one farm 3 calves of 3 to 4 months died. On another farm pregnant heifers were moved about 30 kilometres and 2 days later 4 animals died Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Eshowe, Eshowe Veterinary Hospital Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Dairy: 3 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic, Dairy: 3 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Post festive season tick borne disease outbreaks. Farmers stretching dipping intervals managerial lack of oversight. Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital

35 Dairy: 3 Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic Queenstown, Queenstown Veterinary clinic Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital George, George Herd Heath Consult Dairy: 2 Outbreaks in dry cows/pregnant heifers grazing outlying areas of farms Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 3 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Wellington, Wellington Dierehospitaal One herd Asiatic red water Average 2.7 (7) 3.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.3 (3) 2.2 (14) 2.1 (7) 2.5 (2) Beef 2.7 (7) 3.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.3 (3) 2.1 (12) 2.4 (5) Dairy 3.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.5 (2) Delmas, Delmas Dierekliniek Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Six outbreaks - 18 cases Middelburg, Middelburg Dierehospitaal Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Standerton, Econovet Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo

36 Modimolle, Kranskop Dierekliniek Nine deaths. Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Camperdown, Camperdown Vet Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Numerous outbreaks and high mortality rates with Asiatic red water Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Dairy: 3 Greytown, Greytown Veterinary Hospital Five deaths Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic, Dairy: 3 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter From Bedford up to the ocean at Boknes. On a farm at Boknes 8 animals died out of a total of 130 breeding cows. Animals blocked with diminazene, 14 days later 20 animals that were blocked appeared diseased. Three died - redwater confirmed on bloodsmear. Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic, Dairy: 1 Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital Dairy: 2 Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic Queenstown, Queenstown Veterinary clinic

37 Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic George, George Herd Heath Consult Dairy: 2 Outbreaks in dry cows/pregnant heifers grazing outlying areas of farms Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 3 Anaplasmosis Average 2.0 (5) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.8 (17) 2.0 (8) 1.6 (5) 1.8 (4) Beef 2.0 (5) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.8 (16) 1.9 (7) 1.6 (5) 1.5 (2) Dairy 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Five cases Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Standerton, Econovet Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital

38 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3 Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Dairy: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Serious challenge with anaplasmosis in young dairy heifers. Animals blocked with imidocarb. It was successful in controlling red water but was ineffective in controlling anaplasmosis. Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter Farmers disease Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic

39 Queenstown, Queenstown Veterinary clinic Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal Beaufort, Beaufort Vet New animals introduced into the area George, George Herd Heath Consult Dairy: 1 Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 3 Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Heartwater Average 1.5 (2) 1.7 (6) 1.5 (2) 2.4 (5) 1.9 (11) 2.3 (9) Beef 1.5 (2) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (5) 2.2 (5) Sheep 3.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.3 (3) Goat 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 3.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek, Goat: 1 Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic,, Goat: 1 Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Large number of heartwater ticks - seasonal high. Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic, Goat: 2 Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal

40 Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Eshowe, Eshowe Veterinary Hospital Goat: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Goat: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic,, Goat: 2 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Goat: 1 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron, Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter Farmers report disease Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic,, Goat: 3 Heartwater was seen even in the Karoo between Jansenville and Klipplaat. Heartwater confirmed on brain smears. Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic, Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal, Sweating Sickness Average 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.8 (4) 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Beef 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.8 (4) 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal

41 Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Calves came from another district. Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek Corridor disease Average 1.0 (1) Beef 1.0 (1) Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital One outbreak, awaiting PCR results. Insect Transmittable Diseases Lumpy skin disease Average 2.6 (5) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.3 (3) 1.6 (10) 2.1 (8) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (5) 2.0 (2) Beef 2.6 (5) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.3 (3) 1.6 (9) 2.1 (8) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (2) Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer

42 Middelburg, Middelburg Dierehospitaal Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Many cases were, especially rural areas. No vaccinations given. Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Vaalwater, Vaalwater Dierespreekkamer Three Bonsmara heifers had clinical signs. One heifer died before it could be treated Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek, Dairy: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Light infections in vaccinated cattle Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services

43 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Reported by communal farmers. Isolated scattered cases. Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek Kuruman, Kuruman Dierekliniek Three-day-stiffsickness Average 2.2 (6) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.8 (6) 1.7 (9) 2.3 (3) 1.0 (1) Beef 2.2 (6) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (5) 1.5 (8) 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Delmas, Delmas Dierekliniek Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Four farms with severe ephemeral fever. Two animals died, bulls especially affected. Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital

44 Reported from rural areas Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Dairy: 1 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Camperdown, Camperdown Vet Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Reported by communal farmers Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital Dairy: 2 Middelburg (EC), Steynsburg Dierehospitaal Two unconfirmed cases. Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek

45 Rift Valley Fever Average 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) Middelburg (EC), Steynsburg Dierehospitaal Suspected case. Lab test negative. Wesselsbron disease Average 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Blue tongue Average 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.6 (5) 1.8 (6) 2.3 (3) 1.9 (9) 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.6 (5) 1.8 (6) 2.3 (3) 1.9 (9) 1.0 (1) Delmas, Delmas Dierekliniek Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Widespread outbreaks with mortalities. Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal

46 Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Camperdown, Camperdown Vet Clinic Suspected case. Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic NUMEROUS cases seen from the 3rd week of the month. Shameful that vaccine availability remains a problem. Somerset East, Bosberg Veterinary Clinic Beaufort, Beaufort Vet 2 merino lambs with typical symptoms recovered after treatment Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Ten sheep Darling, Darling Dierekliniek Blue tongue outbreaks on 4 farms in young ewes and rams due to unavailability of vaccines. Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Vredenburg, Vredenburg Dierehospitaal