Break Free from BVD. What is BVD? BVD outbreak in 2013/ cow dairy herd in Staffordshire. Costs Calculation Costs*

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1 Break Free from BVD Poor growth rates, calf mortality, youngstock pneumonia, poor conception rates and abortions can all highlight an underlying Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) infection in your herd. BVD costs UK farmers between 25m and 61m every year. BVDFree England is the voluntary national industry-led scheme that was launched on 1 July The aim is to eliminate BVD from all cattle in England by 2022 by identifying and removing all animals persistently infected (PI) with the BVD virus. Dairy farmers are encouraged to set up a BVDFree programme on their farm, to work towards a BVDFree status. The scheme is built on a national database, which gives recognition for herds signed up to BVDFree. The searchable database provides a platform to display the high health status of herds and to enable trade of cattle with a known BVD status. Buyers can enter a UK tag number at bvdfree.org.uk to check the BVD status of cattle before purchasing. Join the scheme today for free at bvdfree.org.uk and help achieve a BVDFree cattle population for the next generation of farmers. What is BVD? Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is a widespread, highly contagious disease of cattle, usually transmitted through direct cattle-to-cattle contact. It is maintained in herds through animals persistently infected (PI) with the BVD virus, which can appear clinically normal. Natural vaccination by exposure to PI animals is unreliable; introduction of the virus to pregnant females risks creating fresh PIs. Vaccines are available and provide good protection against BVD outbreaks. Discuss the need for vaccination with your vet and develop a plan to protect the herd from BVD. BVD has been estimated to cost between 13 and 31 per cow but can be much higher during a breakdown, as this case study shows: BVD outbreak in 2013/ cow dairy herd in Staffordshire Costs Calculation Costs* Increased returns to service, increasing the calving interval by an average of 5 days at 5/day/cow (5 x 5) x 90 2,250 Cases of clinical mastitis increased by 25%, ie 23 more cows affected at 150 per case 23 x 150 3, PI calves identified and culled at 200/calf 12 x 200 2,400 Total cost for the herd 8,100 Cost per cow 90 *Does not include any costings for impact on calf health SUPPORTER bvdfree.org.uk

2 Signs of BVD The signs of BVD are not always obvious. Do not underestimate the underlying problem and costs of BVD infection. Reproductive losses early embryonic death, returns to service, abortions Secondary disease immune suppression increases the chance of pneumonia and scours in calves, lameness and mastitis in adults Poor production lower milk yields, poor growth rates, increased cull rates Deaths common through secondary infections. BVD can cause foetal death/abortion How does BVD spread? BVD virus is spread: From infected dams to their unborn calf By direct contact with infected cattle Through the semen of infected bulls By indirect contact (slurry, overalls, trailers, etc). Vaccinating can help control the disease but will not eliminate it from infected herds. UK herds are at constant risk of introducing BVD due to: Unknowingly buying in PI animals Infection from neighbouring farms Contact with infected animals at markets and shows. Young calf persistently infected with BVD (right) compared to similarly aged normal herd mate Persistently Infected animals (PIs) If pregnant cattle become infected with BVD in the first 120 days of gestation, the calf may be born persistently infected (PI) with BVD virus. An animal cannot become PI after birth. PI animals shed high quantities of BVD virus into their environment for life. They are the most significant source of infection to other cattle. Within infected herds, there are usually only one or two PIs in every 100 cattle. Contact with these PIs leads to BVD infection spreading through the herd. Images courtesy of NADIS/Phil Scott How can I tell if I have PI animals? Sometimes PIs have stunted growth and rough coats but often they appear fit and healthy. Cattle can be blood sampled to see whether the herd has been exposed to BVD virus. Identification of individual PI animals can be done through tag and test tissue samples or blood samples, both looking for the virus. All PI animals should be slaughtered or culled. This is essential to protect the herd and to achieve a successful BVD elimination programme. 2

3 Establish herd BVD status in dairy herds I want to know the BVD status of my herd Test your youngstock OR Blood sample 5 youngstock from each management group and test for antibody (9 18 months OR of age, unvaccinated) Tag and test (or blood sample) all calves for BVD virus/antigen (including aborted foetuses, stillborns) Positive Positive Discuss with your vet how to identify whether there are any PIs in your herd. To maintain status antibody test 5 10 unvaccinated calves (9 18 months of age) from each management group at least yearly. Remove all PIs ASAP (consider retesting with antigen ELISA at 3 weeks to check if acutely infected with BVD virus). To maintain status, continue to test all calves, including aborted foetuses and stillborns and any animals brought onto the farm. Test your milking herd (OPTIONAL) Test bulk milk for antibody (or pooled first lactation) Positive Bulk milk PCR test for BVD virus quarterly. To check BVD status test bulk milk or pooled milk from unvaccinated first lactation heifers quarterly. BVD elimination using ADAM References: Joe Brownlie and Richard Booth, Royal Veterinary College STEP 1: Assess herd Biosecurity/vaccination Disease history/disease risk. Not satisfactory Satisfactory Seek veterinary advice. STEP 2: Define herd status Youngstock blood test 5 10 unvaccinated animals per management group At 9 18 months of age. OR Tag and test all calves born (for 2 years minimum). No PI animals Active BVD STEP 3a: Action plan Put in place to control risk of introducing BVD onto the farm. STEP 3b: Action plan for BVD Screen for PIs on farm Test all animals for PI in the groups which have shown active BVD infection Cull PIs Tag and test all calves for 1 year after PIs removed cull PIs Continue for further 12 months if more Pls cull Pls. (Tests to be used are antigen ELISA and pooled samples for PCR). STEP 4: Monitor progress update Repeat STEP 2 to retain BVD Free herd status Youngstock blood test every 7 12 months for BVD antibody. OR Continue to tag and test all calves born Test all bought-in animals. 3

4 Testing under the BVDFree scheme Both tag and test and youngstock blood sampling can be used to achieve a herd BVD status under the BVDFree Scheme. Tag and test Each tested animal will get an individual BVD status For herd status: Tag and test all calves born For a minimum of two years. Youngstock blood sample 5 10 unvaccinated animals per management group At 9 18 months of age For herd status: Complete an annual youngstock blood sample to work towards or maintain herd BVD status. Photo courtesy of Caisley Tags Photo courtesy of XLVets Ltd How the BVDFree England Scheme works 1. Register to join the scheme Signature*: Date*: The data will be used to monitor uptake and to keep you up to date on progress with the scheme. Post to: BVDFree England Scheme, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth CV8 2TL or bvdfree@ahdb.org.uk For further information visit bvdfree.org.uk 3. Designated labs upload BVD test results onto the BVDFree national database Animal: UK BVDFree Ltd takes the privacy of users of this website (bvdfree.org.uk) seriously. By submitting your personal information using either the downloadable registration form or the electronic form held on the website, you give your consent that all personal information that you submit may be processed and stored by BVDFree in the manner and for the purposes described below: For purposes relating to disease prevention and control For purposes of alerting your veterinary practice that you have signed the BVDFree England Charter To send you knowledge transfer information and updates on issues we think will be of value to you To contact you occasionally to inform you of new services BVDFree England will be providing or events or information we think will be of value to you TO REGISTER PLEASE PROVIDE YOUR FARM AND VET DETAILS (*required fields) Note: Please complete a separate form for each CPH number 2. Use ADAM to develop the best approach for BVD control on your farm BVD status BVD Virus Test Test date 00 January 00 Holding: 00/111/222 BVD status BVD status BVDFree BVDFree registered registered Registration date 1 July 2016 Registration 1 July 2016 date CPH Number*: Dairy herd Trading title*: Beef finisher Address*: Beef breeder Postcode*: Phone no*: Total no. of breeding cows: *: BVD accredited by a CHeCS Health Scheme: Vet practice/address*: I agree that all my BVD test results from 1 July 2016 and results of all future samples tested for BVD can be uploaded to the BVDFree database and that the BVD test results and BVDFree statuses will be held in the database and openly accessible through portals approved by BVDFree (eg Livestock Data Exchange Hub). I agree that samples may be retained for further testing and surveillance.* I agree that BVDFree England may have access to such Cattle Tracing System data as required for the running of the BVDFree England Scheme.* I understand that by signing this registration form I am accepting the Terms and Conditions printed on the bottom of this form in respect of responsibility for the data I have provided.* To internally administer this website and help us improve our services. BVDFree Ltd is the Data Controller and shall be responsible for OR go to the online form at bvdfree.org.uk determining how all personal information you submit to us is utilised, processed and stored in accordance with applicable law and in particular shall ensure it has appropriate security measures in place to guard against the loss, misuse or alteration of the information you provide and shall keep your personal data only for as long as reasonably necessary for the purposes for which it was collected or to comply with any applicable legal requirements. The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) or other body appointed by BVDFree may act as the contracted Data Processor. I agree it is my responsibility to inform BVDFree of any changes and out of date data, such as change of vet, address details, CPH numbers, etc. I understand that by registering I am accepting these Terms and Conditions. I agree that my herd test results will be held and displayed, along with herd/individual animal status by BVDFree England in the National Database or portals approved by BVDFree (eg Livestock Data Exchange Hub). I also understand that I may opt out at any stage, but any previously submitted BVD test results will remain on the BVDFree database. If I require deletion or alteration of any personal data held about me, this can be done by contacting BVDFree directly by ing (admin@bvdfree.org.uk) who will make such deletions or alterations subject to any applicable legal obligations imposed upon them. In relation to any dispute arising out of use of websites operated by BVDFree Ltd the user and BVDFree Ltd agree to submit exclusively to the jurisdiction of the court of England. This animal result has been provided by BVDFree This This animal herd s result result has has been been provided by by BVDFree ASSESS DEFINE ACTION MONITOR 1. Register online at bvdfree.org.uk or fill in the form on page 5 and post. By signing the form the farmer agrees to: Actively engage in BVD control to eliminate the disease from the herd Have all BVD testing results uploaded to the national database Allow herd and individual animal status to be openly accessible through the BVDFree database (no farm name or keeper will be shown) Not move PI animals, other than directly to slaughter or a dedicated red slaughter market. 2. Work with the vet and use ADAM to develop the best approach for BVD control on the farm: Assess the biosecurity and disease risk Define the BVD status of the herd Put an action plan for the control of BVD in place Monitor progress with an annual status check. 3. Tests should be sent to a designated BVDFree lab, allowing results to be uploaded to the BVDFree England database. 4. Check animal and herd BVD status at bvdfree.org.uk by entering the UK tag number or CPH number. 4. Check the animal and herd BVD status at bvdfree.org.uk before buying stock 4

5 TO REGISTER PLEASE PROVIDE YOUR FARM AND VET DETAILS (*required fields) Note: Please complete a separate form for each CPH number OR go to the online form at bvdfree.org.uk CPH Number*: Trading title*: Address*: Dairy herd Beef finisher Beef breeder Postcode*: Phone no*: *: Total no. of breeding cows: BVD accredited by a CHeCS Health Scheme: Vet practice/address*: I agree that all my BVD test results from 1 July 2016 and results of all future samples tested for BVD can be uploaded to the BVDFree database and that the BVD test results and BVDFree statuses will be held in the database and openly accessible through portals approved by BVDFree (eg Livestock Data Exchange Hub). I agree that samples may be retained for further testing and surveillance.* I agree that BVDFree England may have access to such Cattle Tracing System data as required for the running of the BVDFree England Scheme.* I understand that by signing this registration form I am accepting the Terms and Conditions printed on the bottom of this form in respect of responsibility for the data I have provided.* Signature*: Date*: The data will be used to monitor uptake and to keep you up to date on progress with the scheme. Post to: BVDFree England Scheme, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth CV8 2TL or bvdfree@ahdb.org.uk For further information visit bvdfree.org.uk BVDFree Ltd takes the privacy of users of this website (bvdfree.org.uk) seriously. By submitting your personal information using either the downloadable registration form or the electronic form held on the website, you give your consent that all personal information that you submit may be processed and stored by BVDFree in the manner and for the purposes described below: For purposes relating to disease prevention and control For purposes of alerting your veterinary practice that you have signed the BVDFree England Charter To send you knowledge transfer information and updates on issues we think will be of value to you To contact you occasionally to inform you of new services BVDFree England will be providing or events or information we think will be of value to you To internally administer this website and help us improve our services. BVDFree Ltd is the Data Controller and shall be responsible for determining how all personal information you submit to us is utilised, processed and stored in accordance with applicable law and in particular shall ensure it has appropriate security measures in place to guard against the loss, misuse or alteration of the information you provide and shall keep your personal data only for as long as reasonably necessary for the purposes for which it was collected or to comply with any applicable legal requirements. The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) or other body appointed by BVDFree may act as the contracted Data Processor. I agree it is my responsibility to inform BVDFree of any changes and out of date data, such as change of vet, address details, CPH numbers, etc. I understand that by registering I am accepting these Terms and Conditions. I agree that my herd test results will be held and displayed, along with herd/individual animal status by BVDFree England in the National Database or portals approved by BVDFree (eg Livestock Data Exchange Hub). I also understand that I may opt out at any stage, but any previously submitted BVD test results will remain on the BVDFree database. If I require deletion or alteration of any personal data held about me, this can be done by contacting BVDFree directly by ing (admin@bvdfree.org.uk) who will make such deletions or alterations subject to any applicable legal obligations imposed upon them. In relation to any dispute arising out of use of websites operated by BVDFree Ltd the user and BVDFree Ltd agree to submit exclusively to the jurisdiction of the court of England. 5

6 Frequently asked questions About the scheme Q. How much does it cost to register for the BVDFree England Scheme? A. Registration is free. There is a charge for uploading BVD test results to the database, 25p for virus/antigen tests (eg tag and test) and 50p for antibody tests (eg youngstock blood test). This is to cover the cost of the database, helpdesk and BVD lookup service. This will be added to the cost of the BVD laboratory tests. Q. I already belong to a herd health scheme? Why should I register for the BVDFree England Scheme? A. The BVDFree England database is a one-stop platform to demonstrate your CHeCS BVD accreditation. No additional testing should be required under the BVDFree scheme. It will help move the industry towards national BVD elimination. Testing for BVD Q. Which dairy animals need to be tested? A. Dairy youngstock ear tag and test all calves at birth for virus OR undertake a youngstock antibody screen (blood sample 5 10 animals per separate management group, unvaccinated and at 9 18 months of age). Q. How does vaccination affect test results? A. It has no effect on the presence of virus in PI animals, vaccinated animals will be antibody test positive. Q. How soon can a calf be sold with a negative result after it has been tissue tagged? A. A calf may be sold as BVD virus test negative as soon as a result is received. Q. How do I get a BVD herd status under the scheme? A. To be assigned a herd status, you must have completed two years of BVD testing under the scheme. To maintain this status, annual BVD testing must be performed. Accessing the national database Q. How do I access my test results? A. The laboratory will send out a copy of all test results. Once registered on the scheme these results will be uploaded by the laboratory to the BVDFree database at bvdfree.org.uk. A herd or animal status can be found by searching for a CPH or ear tag number on the database. Q. What should I do if I have problems accessing the database or cannot find my results? A. Contact the BVDFree England helpdesk on between 9.00am and 5.00pm, Monday to Friday. Or your enquiry to help@bvdfree.org.uk Q. Can I find out if a neighbouring herd has BVD? A. If the herd is signed up to the BVDFree Scheme, it is possible to search for the status of other herds as long as the CPH number is known. More information on BVD The best source of information on BVD on the farm is from your vet. Specialist advice can also be sought from CHeCS accredited health schemes. To register or to find out more information on the scheme visit: bvdfree.org.uk or call the BVDFree helpdesk. SUPPORTER For more information contact: BVDFree England Scheme Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth Warwickshire CV8 2TL Tel: help@bvdfree.org.uk AHDB Dairy is a part of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2017