December The following practices and laboratories (105) submitted reports in November 2014:

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1 Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally by veterinarians belonging to the Ruminant Veterinary Association of South Africa (RuVASA), a group of the South African Veterinary Association December 2014 The following practices and laboratories (105) submitted reports in November 2014: (13) Balfour dr. Louis van Jaarsveld Bethal dr. Hardus Pieters Delmas dr. Johan Jooste Ermelo drs. Potgieter and Steinberg Grootvlei dr. Neels van Wyk Lydenburg drs. Trümpelmann and Steyn Machadodorp dr. Quinton van Oudtshoorn Middelburg drs. Fourie and Rabie Nelspruit dr. André Beytell Piet Retief - drs. Niebuhr and Weber Standerton dr. Kobie Kroon Standerton drs. Nel, Swart, Van der Merwe and Berg Volksrust dr. André Visser Gauteng (4) Bapsfontein dr. Evert Olivier Bronkhorstspruit drs. De Bruin, De Bruin, Rudolph and Slabber Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital proff. Annandale, Prozesky, Shakespeare, drs. Blignaut, Carrington, Gratwick, Grobler, Harmse, Holm and O Dell Pretoria dr. Hanneke Pienaar Limpopo (5) Lephalale (Ellisras) dr. Brigitte Luck Machado (Louis Trichardt) drs. Harris, Klopper and Jacobs Mokopane (Potgietersrus) - dr. Henk Visser

2 Polokwane (Pietersburg) drs. Watson, Viljoen, Jansen Van Vuuren, Van Rooyen, Snyman and Cremona Vaalwater - dr. Hampie van Staden (8) Brits drs. Boshoff and Coertze Christiana - dr. Pieter Nel Leeudoringstad - dr. Ian Jonker Rustenburg drs. Gaigher, Grobler, Sparks, Van Egdom, Van Rooyen, Goosen and Van Rensburg Schweizer-Reneke - dr. N.J. Heyns Stella - dr. Magdaleen Vosser Swartruggens dr. Roselle Hartwigsen Ventersdorp dr. Olof Marais (23) Bethlehem drs. Basson, Strydom and Strydom Bloemfontein - dr. Stephan Wessels Bothaville dr. Johan Blaauw Bultfontein dr. Santjie Pieterse Clocolan drs. Marwick and Wasserman Dewetsdorp dr. Marike Badenhorst Ficksburg dr. Woody Kotze Frankfort - drs. Lessing, Cilliers and Janse van Rensburg Harrismith - drs. Thirion and Pretorius Hertzogville dr. Nico Hendrikz Hoopstad - dr. Kobus Pretorius Kroonstad drs. Daffue, Eksteen, Van Zyl and Van der Walt Ladybrand/Excelsior - drs. De Vos and Nel Memel drs. Nixon and Nixon Parys drs. Wessels and Van den Berg Reitz - dr. Murray Smith Viljoenskroon - dr. Johan Kahts Villiers - drs. I. Hattingh and W.D. Hauptfleish Vrede drs. Myburgh and Bester-Cloete Vrede- dr. Rudolph Fourie Wesselsbron dr. Johan Jacobs Winburg Albertyn and Albertyn Zastron dr. P.P. Brand KwaZulu- (18) Bergville - dr. Ariena Shepherd Bergville dr. Jubie Muller Camperdown dr. Anthony van Tonder Dundee - dr. Tony Grace Dundee drs. Marais and Fynn

3 Estcourt drs.turner, Tedder, Taylor, Tratschler, Van Rooyen and Alwar Greytown dr. Mike Caldicott Howick drs. Hughes, Lund, Gordon, Allison and Taylor Ingogo dr. Trish Oglesby Kokstad- drs. Clowes and Shrives Mooi River - drs. Fowler, Hartley and Mallet Mtubatuba dr. Trever Viljoen Newcastle dr. Barry Rafferty Pietermaritzburg dr. Phillip Kretzmann Pietermaritzburg dr. Rick Mapham Pongola dr. Heinz Kohrs Underberg - drs. Collins, King and Delaney Vryheid dr. Gert Theron (8) Alexandria - drs. Olivier and Dreyer Alexandria dr. Thys Potgieter Aliwal drs. Troskie and Strauss Graaff- Reinet - dr. Roland Larson Humansdorp - drs. Van Niekerk, Jansen Van Vuuren, Barker and Kotze Jeffreys Bay - drs. Lategan, Hoek and McFarlane Port Alfred dr. Leon de Bruyn Uitenhage drs. Mulder and Krüger ern (16) Beaufort - drs. Pienaar and Grobler Caledon Retief and Rissik Darling drs. V.d. Merwe, Adam and Senekal George - drs. Strydom, Truter, and Pettifer Heidelberg dr. Albert van Zyl Malmesbury dr. Otto Kriek Malmesbury dr. John Liebenberg Malmesbury drs. Bosman and Groenewald Malmesbury dr. Markus Fourie Oudtshoorn dr. Glen Carlisle Oudtshoorn dr. Adriaan Olivier Plettenberg Bay dr. André Reitz Riversdale drs. Du Plessis, Taylor and De Bruyn Stellenbosch dr. Alfred Kidd Vredenburg - dr. Izak Rust Wellington dr. William van Zyl ern (4) De Aar dr. Donald Anderson Kathu dr. Jan Vorster

4 Kimberley drs. Van Heerden and Swart Upington drs. Vorster and Visser Feedlots (2) Drs. Morris and Du Preez Dr. Andy Hentzen Laboratory reports (4) Dr. Marijke Henton - Idexx SA Johannesburg Dr. Liza du Plessis Idexx SA Onderstepoort Dr. Annelize Jonker Provicial Vet Lab, Stellenbosch Dr. Rick Last Vetdiagnostix, Pietermaritzburg Summary of disease report for December Reports from veterinary practices and laboratories were received ( 13; Gauteng 4; Limpopo 5; 8; 23; KwaZulu- 18; 8; ern 16; ern 4; Feedlot 2 and Laboratories 4). Internal parasites Roundworms With the good rains that fell in large parts of the country reports of internal roundworm parasitism were received. Numerous reports were received of game dying of wireworm infestation. As wireworm resistance to anthelmintics is widespread consult your veterinarian in selecting the anthelmintic groups which are still controlling the parasites on your farm. It is important that you are aware of the codes on the packaging of the dewormers so as to select the correct active ingredient. Group code Generic class of actives Example of actives 1* Macrocyclic lactones (ML s) Abamectin Doramectin Eprinomectin Ivermectin Moxidectin 2* Benzimidazoles (white drugs) Albendazole Fenbendazole Febental Ricobendazole Triclabendazole 3* Imidathiazoles (clear drugs) Levamisole Morantel 4* Salicylanilides closantel Niclosamide Oxiklozanide Rafoxanide

5 Resorantel 5* Phenols Nitroxinyl 6* Sulfonamides Clorsulon 7* Organofosphos Trichlorfon 8* Isoquinolones Prasiquantel 9* Others Amino-acetonitryl-derivatives (AAD s) Piperazine Monepantel 10* Spiroindoles Derquantel Problems with brown stomach worm were also from the ern. Ask your veterinarian to explain the concept of refugia to you when using dewormers. Tapeworms Reports of tapeworm infestations were received from, Gauteng, Limpopo,,, and ern. Parafilaria This parasite causes a condition which is called false bruising and this leads to downgrading of the carcass at slaughter. Animals should be treated 70 days before slaughter to allow the lesions to heal. Discuss treatment with your veterinarian. Reports were received from Limpopo,, and KwaZulu-. Flukes Study reports from abattoirs to see whether animals slaughtered are infested with liver fluke and discuss control measures with your veterinarian. There is also a blood test available that can be done to establish whether the animal has liver fluke. Reports were received from, Gauteng,, KwaZulu- and the ern. Immature conical flukes cause severe diarrhoea. Reports were received from, Limpopo,, KwaZulu- and the. Young animals are especially susceptible. Take care when new animals are brought into an area. Cysticercosis (measles) Reports were received from, Gauteng, KwaZulu- and the ern. Great losses occur when carcasses are condemned or degraded at abattoirs. Source the origin of the infestation and install preventative measures. Train workers regarding the life cycle of Taenia saginata, the human tapeworm. Coccidiosis Numerous reports from all provinces were received except and the ern. Young animals are especially affected by coccidiosis. Wet and muddy conditions are an ideal place

6 for young animals to become infected with this parasite. Discuss preventative measures with your veterinarian. External parasites Ticks There was a huge increase in blue tick numbers. Make sure that the control measures used are effective. Blue ticks transmit African and Asiatic red water, anaplasmosis, lumpy skin disease and cause blood loss. Reports of the presence of the following tick species were received: Blue ticks: All provinces except the ern Heart water tick:, Gauteng, Limpopo,, KwaZulu- and the Brown ear-ticks:, Gauteng, Limpopo,, and KwaZulu- Bont-legged ticks: All provinces except and ern. The toxin of this tick causes sweating disease, and this was. These ticks are spreading and reports were received from areas where they are not generally found. One tick can cause lameness in an animal. Remember that this tick is also the carrier of the Congo fever virus. Red-legged tick:, Gauteng, and KwaZulu-. Paralysis ticks: and KwaZulu-. Discuss the life cycles of these ticks and how to control them with your veterinarian, keeping in mind the selection for tick resistance. Engorged blue ticks can be collected and tested for resistance. Contact your veterinarian for information regarding the test. Do not use home made pour-ons as this is a sure way of selecting for tick resistance and having residues in the meat. Actives that are used to control ticks are: Organophosphates, amidines, pyrethroids, tick development inhibitors (fluazuron) and for blue ticks macrocyclic lactones. Lice Lice (sucking and biting) numbers are decreasing after the winter. Farmers with wool sheep should check their sheep regularly for lice as they cause serious disturbance of the fleece. There is serious red lice resistance to drugs and therefore farmers should be aware of buying in sheep with lice. Mites Be on the lookout for disturbances in wool and hair loss. Sheep scab is a controlled disease. Contact your Veterinarian to hear whether there are positive farms in your area. Biosecurity measures to prevent sheep becoming infected should be in place at all times. Flies, midges and mosquitoes

7 Numbers are on the increase after good rains in many parts of the country. Numerous reports of nuisance flies, blowflies, screw-worm and nasal bot were received. Be on the lookout for diseases carried by these insects. Ticks with long mouth parts (bont and bont-legged ticks) cause wounds which are the ideal spot for screw-worm flies to deposit their eggs. The macrocyclic lactones will kill the larvae. Tick borne diseases African and Asiatic red water The occurrence of these diseases is on the increase as blue tick numbers are on the increase. Young calves less than 3 weeks of age died. Reports were received from all provinces except the ern. Discuss vaccination programmes with your veterinarian. Asiatic red water is a killer disease and proper steps should be taken to control this disease! Be especially on alert when introducing naive animals into red water areas. Anaplasmosis Numerous reports of outbreaks were received from all provinces except Limpopo and the ern. This disease is spread by blue ticks, biting flies and needles (vaccinations). Conditions causing stress and diseases interfering with the immune system (eg. BVD) trigger anaplasmosis outbreaks. Discuss vaccinating cattle with your veterinarian. Heartwater Heartwater was from all provinces except the, ern and ern. The occurrence of this disease is spreading as a result of game transporting the bont tick into non infected areas. These diseases can be controlled through vaccination, fly and tick control. Discuss control measures with your veterinarian to prevent heavy losses. Insect transmitted diseases Lumpy skin disease Reports were received from all provinces. This confirms that some species of ticks are also capable of transmitting the virus causing lumpy skin disease. Most cases occurred in animals that had never been vaccinated. If there is an outbreak on a farm the virus can also spread via the saliva, therefore isolate diseased animals as soon as possible. Several vaccines are available and all animals should be vaccinated annually. Three day stiff sickness An increase in the occurrence of this disease was from all provinces except the ern. Vaccine is not available and serious economic losses were recorded. Blue tongue

8 Reports of blue tongue were received from,, KwaZulu-, and ern. There is a crisis with the availability of vaccine. Discuss additional control measures with your veterinarian. Rift Valley Fever and Wesselsbron disease No reports were received Venereal diseases Only a few bulls are tested for venereal diseases this time of the year. Trichomonosis This venereal disease is causing havoc in our country. It is of utmost importance that biosecurity measures are in place. Together with your veterinarian plan how to prevent and control this disease. I wonder how many calves would have been born if this disease was under control? Bacterial diseases The following bacterial diseases were : blackquarter, pulpy kidney, swelled head, red gut, blood gut, tetanus, botulism, salmonellosis, bovine brucellosis, ovine brucellosis, Johnes, enzootic abortion, colibacillosis, lumpy wool and senkobo. For most of these diseases there are vaccines. Discuss the risk factors for the diseases in your area with your veterinarian and put together a control program. Viral diseases The following viral diseases were : Bovine malignant catarrh (snotsiekte), rabies (Gauteng, Limpopo, and ), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), orf and warts. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was from all over the country with high mortality figures. Many of the viruses mentioned above are involved. Discuss with your veterinarian how to control this disease with a vaccination program. Protozoal diseases Every now and then besnoitiosis (olifantvelsiekte) is recorded. Coccidiosis is also a protozoal disease and was recorded in all provinces except and the ern. Poisonings The following toxicities were : cardiac glycoside, tulip, ink berry (Cestrum), Cynanchum (klimop), facial eczema, dikoor, geeldikkop, Senecio, blue green algae, prussic acid, mycotoxicosis, organophosphate, ionophor, lead, urea, hypo, copper, lead, nitrate, acidosis and snake bite. Draw up a protocol with your veterinarian on how to treat these poisonings should it occur on your farm.

9 Nutritional The following deficiencies were recorded: energy, protein, phosphate, calcium, iodine, copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, magnesium, vitamins A and B1. Liver, blood and bone samples can be taken by your veterinarian to get a profile of the micro and macro mineral status of your animals. Take water and soil samples. The results will help you to establish whether there are antagonists present which will lower the uptake of minerals. Multifactorial diseases and other conditions The following were : abscesses, bladder stones, blindness, opthalmia, eye cancer, bloat, blood gut, blue udder, mastitis, diarrhoea, joint ill, lameness, navel ill, stomach ulcers, trauma, downer cows and pneumonia. Reproductive diseases and other conditions The following were : abortions, dystocias, endometritis, metritis, poor conception, retained afterbirths and prolapses. Metabolic diseases The following were : acidosis, displaced abomasum, ketosis and milk fever. Other conditions Deaths occurred due to trauma, lightning and predators. Comments: Important points for a successful farming operation Biosecurity is the key word to keep in mind when farming with livestock. The identification of each individual animal is the start of good management. Fences should be intact Know the disease status of animals bought in before bringing them into the herd! Quarantine measures when animals are brought into the flock or herd. Control venereal diseases Eradicate brucellosis Strictly follow vaccination program drawn up with your veterinarian Parasite control program Correct usage of drugs Veterinarian: pregnancy diagnosis and bull testing, updating of programmes Training of personnel DISEASE DISTRIBUTION REPORT AS REPORTED BY VETERINARIANS

10 Table of Contents Internal Parasites Roundworms in general, Resistant Round Worms, Wireworm, Brown stomach-worm, Tape Worms, Parafilaria, Liver fluke, Conical Flukes, Cysticercosis External Parasites Blue ticks, Resistant blue Ticks, Heartwater (Bont) ticks, Brown ear-ticks, Bont-legged ticks, Red-legged ticks, Paralysis ticks, Biting lice (red lice), Sucking lice (blue lice), Scab mites, Mange Mites, Nuisance Flies, Blowflies, Screw-worm, Nasal bot larvae, Midges, Mosquitoes Tick-borne Diseases Insect Transmittable Diseases Venereal Diseases African red water, Asiatic red water, Anaplasmosis, Heartwater, Sweating Sickness Lumpy skin disease, Three-day-stiffsickness, Blue tongue Trichomonosis, Vibriosis Bacterial Disease (other) Blackquarter, Pulpy Kidney, Swelled head disease, Redgut (cattle), Blood gut (Sheep), Tetanus, Botulism, Salmonellosis, Brucella abortus, Brucella ovis, Johne`s disease, Enzootic Abortion, E.coli, Dermatophilosis (Lumpy Wool), Bovine Dermatophilosis (Senkobo disease) Protozoal diseases (other) Fungal diseases Viral Diseases (other) Besnoitiosis, Coccidiosis Ringworm BMC, Rabies, BVD (Bovine viral diarrhoea), IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis), Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL), Orf, Warts Poisonings (Plant) and Fungal Cardiac glycoside poisoning, Cestrum, Cynanchum poisoning, Facial eczema, Geeldikkop/Dikoor, Nitrate poisoning, Prussic acid poisoning, Rye grass poisoning, Seneciosis, Tulip Poisoning, Mycotoxicosis, Other Poisonings Macro Nutritional Problems Urea Poisoning, Snake Bite, Hypo, Blue-green algae, Chemical products, Other Energy deficiency, Protein deficiency, Phosphate deficiency, Calcium deficiency Micro Nutritional Problems Iodine deficiency, Copper deficiency, Zinc deficiency, Selenium deficiency, Magnesium deficiency, Manganese deficiency, Vitamin A deficiency, Vitamin B deficiency Multi-factorial Disease Conditions Abortions, Stillbirths, Abscesses, Abscesses in general, Bladder stones, Blindness, Bloat, Blue udder, Diarrhoea, Eye Cancer, Eye infections, Joint Ill, Lameness/Foot Problems, Lung infection, Mastitis in general, Navel Ill, Redgut (Sheep), Downer Metabolic Diseases Acidosis, Displaced abomasum, Ketosis, Milk Fever Reproductive diseases Dystocia (Difficult Births), Endometritis, Metritis, Poor conception, Retained afterbirth, Sheath Prolaps, Uterus prolaps, Vaginal (Cervical) prolaps

11 Climatical Cause Heat stress, Lightning, Frozen to death Non specific diseases Preditors, Sabotation - Theft, Trauma Internal Parasites Roundworms in general ern ern Average 1.5 (6) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.3 (16) 2.2 (19) 1.7 (6) 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1) Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 2.0 (4) Dairy 2.5 (2) Sheep 1.5 (4) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.4 (13) 2.4 (7) 1.8 (4) 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (6) 1.5 (2) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Middelburg, Middelburg Dierehospitaal Standerton, Standerton Dierehospitaal Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal, Goat: 2 Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Goat: 1 Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 3 Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Sheep: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek

12 Sheep: 3 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 3 Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek, Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic, Goat: 2 Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic,, Goat: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic,, Sheep: 3, Goat: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic, Sheep: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic,, Goat: 2 Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Sheep: 3 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic,, Goat: 2 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Goat: 2 Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic, Goat: 2 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal, Goat: 1 ern Beaufort, Beaufort Vet Post mortem, mixed roundworms. Faecal egg counts increased. Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital

13 George, George Animal Hospital Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Malmesbury, Malmesbury Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 ern Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek Resistant Round Worms ern ern Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) Middelburg, Middelburg Dierehospitaal Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Farmers complaining anthelmintics are not effective Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3 One farmer has worm resistance to benzimidazole, levamisole and macrocyclic lactones in sheep ern Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Wireworm ern ern

14 Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (10) 2.3 (4) Beef 2.0 (2) Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.6 (8) 2.5 (2) Goat 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Goat: 1 Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Ellisras, Matoppi Dierekliniek Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 3 Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Sheep: 3, Goat: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic, Goat: 2 Brown stomach-worm

15 ern ern Average 1.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1) ern Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Dairy: 1 Tape Worms ern ern Average 1.6 (5) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.8 (12) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) Beef 1.5 (2) 1.7 (6) Sheep 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.2 (5) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) Goat 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer, Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal,, Goat: 2 Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Goat: 1 Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal

16 Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap, Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk, Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie ern Beaufort, Beaufort Vet Goat: 2 Young Boer and Angora goats. Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Malmesbury, Malmesbury Dierehospitaal Parafilaria ern ern Average 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) Beef 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Liver fluke ern ern

17 Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.7 (3) 1.0 (1) Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Pretoria, Idexx Lab. OP Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek, Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, ern Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Conical Flukes ern ern Average 1.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 1.8 (4) 3.0 (1) Beef 1.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 1.8 (4) Dairy 3.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Standerton, Standerton Dierehospitaal Limpopo Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek

18 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital Cysticercosis ern ern Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Beef 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital All cases seen during meat inspection at abattoir cattle from feedlots Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services ern Malmesbury, Malmesbury Dierehospitaal External Parasites Blue ticks ern ern Average 2.0 (8) 2.0 (2) 2.8 (4) 2.6 (5) 2.5 (17) 2.5 (11) 2.0 (1) 2.8 (4) Beef 2.0 (7) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.6 (5) 2.5 (13) 2.5 (10) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (2)

19 Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) Goat 3.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Middelburg, Middelburg Dierehospitaal Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Common in Nelspruit and Nelspruit area (higher rainfall) and usually follows relaxation of tick control programme Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek,, Sheep: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic

20 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal,, Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer ern George, George Animal Hospital Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Malmesbury, Malmesbury Dierehospitaal Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Resistant blue Ticks ern ern Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (2)

21 Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (2) Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic More and more reports received of dips not being effective Heartwater (Bont) ticks ern ern Average 2.0 (4) 3.0 (2) 2.5 (6) 2.6 (5) 2.5 (10) 2.8 (5) Beef 1.7 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.7 (3) 2.5 (4) 2.5 (2) Dairy 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (2) 3.0 (1) Goat 2.5 (2) 2.7 (3) 3.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Common in warmer/drier bushveld areas Sheep: 3 Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 3 Pretoria, Idexx Lab. OP Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser,, Goat: 2 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Brits, Brits Dierekliniek

22 , Sheep: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek, Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Dairy: 1, Goat: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter,, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Brown ear-ticks ern ern Average 2.3 (3) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (5) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (8) 2.4 (5) Beef 2.3 (3) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (7) 2.4 (5) Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1) Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Middelburg, Middelburg Dierehospitaal Standerton, Standerton Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Vaalwater, Vaalwater Dierespreekkamer Severe brown ear-tick infestation with screw-worm infestations Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic

23 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk, Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Bont-legged ticks ern ern Average 1.6 (5) 2.3 (3) 1.7 (3) 3.0 (5) 2.4 (28) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) Beef 1.5 (4) 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (4) 2.5 (17) Dairy 2.0 (4) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.6 (5) Goat 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Standerton, Standerton Dierehospitaal, Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal

24 Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Limpopo Ellisras, Matoppi Dierekliniek Wounds Goat: 2 Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Stella, Stella Dierekliniek, Sheep: 3 Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Numbers increasing in the area Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek, Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek, Dairy: 1, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal,, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal,,, Goat: 2 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek, Sheep: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek

25 , Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health ern Malmesbury, Malmesbury Dierehospitaal Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Red-legged ticks ern ern Average 1.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (4) 2.4 (14) 3.0 (1) Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3) 2.3 (7) 3.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (2) Sheep 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.4 (5) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek, Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek, Sheep: 3 Seen spring paralysis in sheep Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek,, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal,, Sheep: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal

26 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap, Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk, Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Paralysis ticks ern ern Average 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Biting lice (red lice) ern ern Average 1.3 (3) Beef 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.5 (2) Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Sucking lice (blue lice) ern ern Average 2.0 (1)

27 Goat 2.0 (1) Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk Goat: 2 Scab mites ern ern Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie Mange Mites ern ern Average 1.8 (4) Beef 1.8 (4) Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Nuisance Flies ern ern Average 2.1 (7) 2.3 (3) 2.7 (19) 2.5 (11) 3.0 (1) 2.6 (7)

28 Beef 2.0 (3) 3.0 (2) 2.7 (9) 2.6 (5) 3.0 (1) 2.7 (3) Dairy 2.0 (1) 3.0 (4) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) Sheep 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.6 (5) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek, Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Severe irritation in the warm summer months, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Schweizer-Reneke, NJ Heyns Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek, Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek,, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal, Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek,, Sheep: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap, Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk, Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic,, Goat: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Severe fly worry leading to opthalmia. Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery

29 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer ern Darling, Darling Dierekliniek Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital, Blowflies ern ern Average 2.2 (6) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (3) 2.2 (5) 2.2 (6) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Beef 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.3 (3) Sheep 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek, Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser,, Goat: 1 Brits, Brits Dierekliniek, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic, Goat: 1 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek, Sheep: 3 Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek

30 Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie ern Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Screw-worm ern ern Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (4) 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (2) Beef 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Goat 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Secondary to tick bites Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser,, Goat: 1 Vaalwater, Vaalwater Dierespreekkamer Severe brown ear-tick infestation with screw-worm infestations Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic, Goat: 2 Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter Infestation in tick wounds. Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic

31 Nasal bot larvae ern ern Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (6) 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (6) 2.0 (1) Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Midges ern ern Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.9 (13) 2.5 (4) 2.3 (7) Beef 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.7 (7) 3.0 (1) 2.7 (3) Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.2 (5) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) Goat 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital

32 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer, Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek,, Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic, Sheep: 3 Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Vrede, Saulshoek Dierepraktyk, Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services ern Darling, Darling Dierekliniek Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek, Malmesbury, Malmesbury Dierehospitaal Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Dry but moisture seeking midges more of a problem now. Lot of biting flies. Bad outbreak of lumpy skin which our farmers do not know (for the past 3 months now). Suspect bluetongue as well., Goat: 2 Mosquitoes ern ern Average 2.0 (1) Beef 2.0 (1) Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Tick-borne Diseases African red water

33 ern ern Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (5) 1.9 (16) 1.8 (4) 2.5 (4) Beef 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (13) 1.7 (3) 2.3 (3) Dairy 2.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Limpopo Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal, Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Some farmers blocked their animals against red water Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Seen in many calves less than 3 weeks of age - mostly in heifers calving Camperdown, Camperdown Vet Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Outbreaks in cattle introduced into the area Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Farmer report: Redwater in cattle bought from the early summer - recently. Farmer has blocked twice now with Imidocarb. Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Dairy: 1 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Ingogo, Gen XY Stud Beef Consultancy

34 Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic, Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Pockets of outbreaks Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Farmers also these diseases Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal ern Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital George, George Animal Hospital Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Wellington, Wellington Dierehospitaal Asiatic red water ern ern Average 2.9 (7) 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.1 (11) 2.3 (3) 2.5 (2) Beef 2.8 (6) 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 2.1 (9) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1) Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Middelburg, Middelburg Dierehospitaal This disease causes huge number of mortalities in animals without immunity. Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Follows relaxation in dipping programme Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital

35 , Standerton, Standerton Dierehospitaal Acute deaths Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Few farmers blocked their herd against red water Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic In many calves less than 3 weeks of age - mostly in heifers calving Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Outbreaks in cattle introduced into the area Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic, Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter Farmers blocked the herd.

36 Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic ern George, George Animal Hospital Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Anaplasmosis ern ern Average 2.3 (7) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.8 (15) 1.8 (5) 3.0 (1) 2.4 (10) Beef 2.2 (6) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.7 (13) 1.7 (3) 2.5 (6) Dairy 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.3 (4) Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinere Spreekkamer Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital, Standerton, Standerton Dierehospitaal Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek

37 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal, Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Ingogo, Gen XY Stud Beef Consultancy Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter ern Darling, Darling Dierekliniek George, George Animal Hospital Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal, Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Malmesbury, Malmesbury Dierehospitaal Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital, Dairy: 1 Heartwater ern ern

38 Average 2.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (8) 2.5 (2) 1.9 (14) 2.7 (10) Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (3) 2.5 (2) 1.9 (7) 2.5 (4) Dairy 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.7 (3) Goat 2.0 (3) 2.0 (4) 3.0 (2) Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Poor reaction on treatment recommend endemic stable situation with use of the blood vaccine Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek, Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 3 Pretoria, Idexx Lab. OP Limpopo Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser,, Goat: 1 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic, Goat: 2 Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Large numbers of ticks this time of year Swartruggens, Swartruggens Veterinary Clinic Dundee, Endumeni Herd health, Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic,, Goat: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic,, Goat: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic, Goat: 1 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron, Goat: 3 Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Farmers also these diseases

39 Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter,, Sheep: 3 Farmers treat their animals every 14 days. Goat: 3 Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal, Sweating Sickness ern ern Average 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (6) 1.0 (2) Beef 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (6) 1.0 (2) Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Rustenburg, Protea Dierekliniek Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Insect Transmittable Diseases Lumpy skin disease ern ern

40 Average 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (5) 1.6 (8) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (8) 2.0 (1) Beef 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (5) 1.6 (7) 2.0 (5) 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (3) Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Common disease this time of the year seen in unvaccinated animals Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek More than 50 cases Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Vryheid, Dr GH Theron

41 Alexandria, Dr Thys (MJ) Potgieter Huge outbreak of lumpy skin disease: 8 out of 28 animals died. ern Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Darling, Darling Dierekliniek Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Malmesbury, Invitrotech Malmesbury - 3 out of 7000 cattle had LSD. Animals were vaccinated with a LSD vaccine. Malmesbury, Malmesbury Dierehospitaal Dairy: 1 Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Dry, but moisture seeking midges more of a problem now. Numerous biting flies seen. Bad outbreak of lumpy skin which our farmers do not know (for the past 3 months now). Suspect bluetongue as well. Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Outbreak on 2 farms Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital ern Kimberley, Kimberley Dierekliniek Three-day-stiffsickness ern ern Average 3.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.8 (8) 1.8 (6) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) Beef 3.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (5) 1.8 (5) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Dairy 1.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Common in the rainy season Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic

42 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Three cases of three day stiffsickness in beefherd in Bloemfontein area adjacent to Modder river Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Dairy: 1 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Dairy: 1 Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek, Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic, Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer ern Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Vredenburg, Vredenburg Dierehospitaal Ten out of 300 animals affected. Two animals died being unable to rise. Blue tongue ern ern Average 1.5 (2) 1.8 (5) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 2.2 (9) Dairy 3.0 (1) Sheep 1.5 (2) 1.8 (5) 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.2 (9) Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Farmers cases

43 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Ficksburg, Ficksburg Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3 Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Aliwal, Uitspan C Troskie Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Jeffreys Bay, Cross Veterinary Hospital ern George, George Animal Hospital Sheep: 3 Outbreak in Langkloof/Oudtshoorn area - no vaccine available Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Malmesbury, Bergzight Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Seen on a few farms in our area, clinical signs consistent with Blue Tongue Virus (pulmonary oedema pronounce). Seen mostly in young immunologically naïve animals. Awaiting laboratory confirmation. Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Dry, but moisture seeking midges more of a problem now. Numerous biting flies. Bad outbreak of lumpy skin which our farmers do not know (for the past 3 months now). Suspect bluetongue as well. Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Stellenbosch, Provincial Veterinary Laboratory In unvaccinated lambs of 2014 due to unavailability of vaccine Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Wellington, Wellington Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 This is already a huge problem and is going to peak in March and April. I hope OBP realizes the economic losses farmers are having. Venereal Diseases

44 Trichomonosis ern ern Average 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (10) 1.5 (2) Beef 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (10) 1.5 (2) Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Limpopo Machado, Blouberg Dierekliniek Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Two new cases on new farm in Dewetsdorp area Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Two farms: 10 out of 19 and 2 out of 29 infected Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Dundee, Mpati Veterinary Clinic Negative bulls put in to mate with isolated cows and heifers that did not conceive from last season. 2 bulls tested after taken out from the cows 1 positive and both going for slaughter Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Vibriosis

45 ern ern Average 1.7 (3) Beef 1.7 (3) Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Winburg, Winburg Dierekliniek Bacterial Disease (other) Blackquarter ern ern Average 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.8 (11) 1.3 (6) Beef 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.9 (10) 1.2 (5) Dairy 1.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Outbreaks on 4 farms (4 to 5 mortalities per farm). Clostridium sordelli and C. septicum. Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Deaths in calves by farmers

46 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek, Dairy: 1 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Pulpy Kidney ern ern Average 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.1 (7) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (2) Beef 3.0 (1) Sheep 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (6) 2.0 (3) 2.0 (2) Goat 1.0 (1) Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Bothaville, Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital

47 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Kokstad, E.G.Veterinary Services Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Goat: 1 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Sheep: 3 ern Malmesbury, Malmesbury Dierehospitaal Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Swelled head disease ern ern Average 1.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.8 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Beef 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Volksrust, Volksrust Dierehospitaal, Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Reitz, Riemland Dierekliniek Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Zastron, Zastron Dierekliniek