2016 AAVS Congress. at NTUDVM Oct. Veterinary EducaDon in Japan. Takeshi HAGA, Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA

Transcription

1 15 th Asian AssociaDon of Veterinary Schools Congress Pre-Congress PresentaDon III October 20, 2016 at NaDonal Taiwan University Veterinary EducaDon in Japan Takeshi HAGA, Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA Department of Veterinary Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan

2 l NaDonal (10) l Prefecture (1) l Private (5) 16 Vet Schools Yamaguchi Veterinary Schools in Japan ToVori Miyazaki Kagoshima Gifu Kitasato Iwate Osaka Prefec Hokkaido Obihiro Rakunou Gauen Tokyo Tokyo A & T Nippon Nippon Vet & Life Sci Azabu 2

3 Veterinary Schools in Japan University Faculty and Department # of Students # of Facul<es Remarks Hokkaido Fac Vet Med CooperaDve EducaDonal Program Obihiro Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture CooperaDve Iwate Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Tokyo Dept Vet Med Sci, Fac Agriculture Tokyo Agriculture & Technology Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture CooperaDve Department of Vet Med CooperaDve Department of Vet Med Gifu Dept Vet Med, Fac Appl Biol Sci Joint Department of Vet Med To^ri Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Joint Department of Vet Med Yamaguchi Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Joint faculty Mitazaki Dept Vet Sci, Fac Agriculture Kagoshima Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Joint Faculty Osaka Prefectuel Dept Vet Sci, Fac Life &Environ Sci Rakuno Gakuen Dept Vet Med, School Vet Med Kitasato Fac Vet Med, School Vet Med Nippon Veterinary & Life Sci. School Vet Med, Fac Vet Sci Azabu Dept Vet Med, School Vet Med Nippon Dept Vet Med, College Biores Sci

4 Number of Applicants and the Compe66on Ra6o at Veterinary Schools in Japan Number of Applicants and the CompeDDon RaDo At Veterinary Schools in Japan Veterinary Public Schools is very popular to high-school Private Schools students Public Schools Number of Applicants Number of Applicants Compe66on Ra6o Year X10 4 Private Schools Year Data from KAWAI-JUKU Compe66on Ra6o 4

5 Increase of Female RaDo of Veterinarian in Japan 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 44.9% 46.2% 35.5% 18.4% 9.5% 1.6% 29.6% 20 s 代 30 s 代 s 代 s 代 60 s 代 7070 s 代以上 < 計 Total H26 12 ) Nearly 50% vet students are female Female Male Age Data from MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) 5

6 ( 人 ) 獣医大学卒業者の就職状況の推移 50% 14% 6% H16 RaDo of new graduates working in each field of veterinary profession NaDonal Exam in 2015 Rate of successful applicant: 78.8% [1024/ 1299 examinees] Small Animal (42%) % Public officials (17%) Farm Animal (9%) 17% 9% (28.3 卒 ) Data from MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) 小動物 公務員 産業動物 会社 その他 未定 不明 6

7 1, Changes of Farm Animals and Livestock Farms in Japan ( ) 家畜の飼養頭数 ( 万頭 ) Number of Farm Animals (Million) 1,062 (( X10 万頭 4 )) (( X10 百戸 2 )) 豚 Pig 肉用牛 乳用牛 H ( 年 ) 2,000 1,500 1, 家畜の飼養戸数 Number of Farms (Hundred) ( 百戸 ) 1,844 Beef CaVle Dairy CaVle 豚 乳用牛 Dairy CaVle 肉用牛 Beef CaVle Pig H ( 年 ) Data from MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) 7

8 明 ( 万頭 ) ( X 10 4 ) Changes of Companion Animals in Japan ( ) 1,114 1,037 8 犬 猫の飼育頭数 ( 万頭 ) 1,307 1,310 1,089 猫 Cat 1, Dog 犬 H ( 年度 ) Data from Japan Pet Food AssociaDon

9 Background Vet EducaDon in Japan Threat of transboundary diseases Importance of food safety Demand for advanced veterinary medicine etc CerDficaDon for veterinary educadon Reform of veterinary educadon 9

10 Reform of Veterinary EducaDon in Japan 1) The core curriculum (CC) 2) Achievement test 3) The external evaluadon system 4) CollaboraDve educadon systems 5) AcDviDes to enrich the veterinary curricula 10

11 Veterinary EducaDon System in Japan General arts Achievement test (CBT+OSCE) FY2016- Vet School ParDcipaDve pracdces (Clinical RotaDon) NaDonal Exam Core curriculum (2011-) Advanced curriculum Graduate school DVM Quality assurance (years) 6 years for Veterinary School 4 years for PhD PhD External evaluadon by JUAA (2017-) 11

12 Reform of Veterinary EducaDon in Japan 1) The core curriculum (CC) 2) Achievement test 3) The external evaluadon system 4) CollaboraDve educadon systems 5) AcDviDes to enrich the veterinary curricula 12

13 1. Model Core Curriculum v 51 subjects v Established in 2011 v Completed in 2012 v Started in 2013 at UT first, and sequendally in other vet schools 13

14 The Model Core Curriculum Consists of Total aims, General aims, and AVainment aims 2-1 Pathology : Model core curriculum Total aim:********************** (1) Concept and history of pathology (2) Cell injury, cell death and cell adaptadon (3) RegeneraDon and repair General aim: To understand factors which ******** AVainment aims: Students can explain 1) Cell proliferadon mechanism 2) Roles of extracellular matrices 3) ************** 14

15 Example of New curricula at vet school Based on Core Curriculum (2013-) 15

16 Model Core Curriculum from OIE (2013) Veterinary Education Core Curriculum OIE Guidelines September Model Core Veterinary Curriculum Biochemistry GeneDcs Anatomy Physiology Immunology --- BiomathemaDcs Animal welfare and ethology Parasitology Pharmacology/ toxicology Pathology --- Transmissible diseases Microbiology Epidemiology Rural economics, business management, and animal producdon Clinical and diagnosdc sciences --- NaDonal and internadonal veterinary legisladon Herd health management and nutridon Public health Food safety/ hygiene Professional jurisprudence and ethics --- CommunicaDon Course or course content Sequence in VEE Curriculum Day 1 Competencies addressed General Specific Advanced Description Biochemistry Early Biochemistry provides the linkage between the inanimate world of chemistry and the living world of biology. Course content should provide the veterinary student with a broad understanding of the structure and function of essential biological molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA, RNA) and metabolic and regulatory pathways. Comparative features among animal species of particular relevance to the Member Country should be highlighted. Genetics Early Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and variation of inherited characteristics among similar or related organisms. Course content should provide the veterinary student with a broad understanding and use of basic concepts of general and molecular genetics (e.g., molecular constitution of genes and chromosomes, manner in which genes move through generations in a population, genetic abnormalities, genetic testing). Focus should be on animal species of particular relevance to the Member Country. Anatomy Early Anatomy is the study of the structures of domestic animals, and includes relevant histology (study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues) and embryology (study of embryos and their development). Course content should provide the veterinary student with a broad understanding of the development, structure and function, both at the gross and microscopic level, of the major systems (e.g., musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, immune) in animal species of particular relevance to the Member Country. Course content should be augmented with laboratory instruction in dissection methods and microscope use. Comparative anatomic features should be highlighted. Physiology Early Physiology is the study of the normal functions of living organisms and their parts, including how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out chemical and physical functions that exist in a living system. Course content should provide the veterinary student with a broad understanding of basic physiological principles and techniques (laboratory) focusing on major systems within animal species of particular relevance to the Member Country. Comparative physiologic features should be highlighted. Central themes to be addressed should include the relationship of structure (anatomy) to function, processes of adaptation, and homeostasis and feedback control systems. 5

17 1. Model Core Curriculum v 51 subjects v Established in 2011 v Completed in 2012 v Started in 2013 at UT first, and sequendally in other vet schools v Review is ongoing (2016-) to ensure Day 1 competencies etc 17

18 Reform of Veterinary EducaDon in Japan 1) The core curriculum (CC) 2) Achievement test 3) The external evaluadon system 4) CollaboraDve educadon systems 5) AcDviDes to enrich the veterinary curricula 18

19 2. Achievement Test and ParDcipaDve PracDces v Achievement test (FY 2016 ) Ø Computer-based TesDng (CBT) To evaluate the minimum veterinary knowledge of a student Ø ObjecDve Structured Clinical ExaminaDon (OSCE) To evaluate the ability of a student for veterinary clinical and communicadon techniques v ParDcipaDve pracdces arer the evaluadon (FY 2016 ) Ø Clinical pracdces actually using animals presented to a hospital 19

20 Computer Based Test (CBT) to assure the knowledge DistribuDon of the score (example) 図 2. トライアル試験の正答率分布 ( 横軸に正解率 (%) を縦軸に人数を示す ) 20

21 EducaDonal Material for ObjecDve Structured Clinical ExaminaDon (OSCE) EducaDonal Video Medical Interview (Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University) Simulator Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University [Azabu University]! 21

22 試験ブース vet OSCE Trial OSCE: ObjecDve Structured Clinical ExaminaDon 課題注射薬の薬液量計算 課題犬の身体検査課題手袋装着と皮膚縫合 (Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University) 22

23 Veterinary EducaDon System in Japan General arts Achievement test (CBT+OSCE) FY2016- Vet School ParDcipaDve pracdces (Clinical RotaDon) NaDonal Exam Core curriculum (2011-) Advanced curriculum Graduate school DVM Quality assurance (years) 6 years for Veterinary School 4 years for PhD PhD External evaluadon by JUAA 23

24 Reform of Veterinary EducaDon in Japan 1) The core curriculum (CC) 2) Achievement test 3) The external evaluadon system 4) CollaboraDve educadon systems 5) AcDviDes to enrich the veterinary curricula 24

25 3. External EvaluaDon of the EducaDon System v The evaluadon system is now being constructed by the Japan University AccreditaDon AssociaDon (JUAA) v The system will start in 2017 The Japan University AccreditaDon AssociaDon (JUAA) is a voluntary organizadon of higher educadon insdtudons. Taking several U.S. accreditadon agencies as a model, it was established in 1947 under the sponsorship of 46 nadonal, local public and private universides. The mission of the JUAA is to promote the qualitadve improvement of higher educadon insdtudons in Japan. The JUAA started accredidng acdvides in 1951 for universides applying for full membership in the JUAA. In 1996, the JUAA revised its university accreditadon system based on self-study by each university. On August 31, 2004, the JUAA was cerdfied by the Minister of EducaDon, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) as the first CerDfied EvaluaDon and AccreditaDon Agency for universides. The JUAA currently performs CerDfied EvaluaDon and AccreditaDon in 7 fields. hvp:// 25

26 Universities CerDfied EvaluaDon JUAA hopes to contribute and to the AccreditaDon, qualitative improvement of Japanese a higher nadonal education through mandatory accrediting activities. evaluadon and Junior Colleges JUAA introduced the accreditation system first in It is, thus, over half a century since JUAA started the Law Schools accrediting activity. accreditadon scheme for higher educadon in Japan, was first introduced in 2004 to assure and enhance the quality of academic acdvides. Business Schools Public Policy Schools As one of the quality assurance agencies certified by the Minister of MEXT, JUAA currently performs Certified Evaluation and Accreditation in 7 fields listed below. Schools of Public Health Certified Evaluation and Accreditation Results Intellectual In Property this Studies evaluadon and accreditadon scheme, all higher educadon insdtudons must Accreditation (Universities) Accreditation (Junior Colleges) Certified Evaluation and Accreditation Results Accreditation (Law Schools) Accreditation (Business Schools) Accreditation (Public Policy Schools) Accreditation (Schools of Public Health) professional degrees, once every 5 years. The agency conducdng such an external Accreditation (Intellectual Property Studies) undergo external evaluadon once every 7 years, and all graduate schools conferring evaluadon must be cerdfied by the Minister of EducaDon, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. JUAA became the first cerdfied agency to perform the CerDfied EvaluaDon and AccreditaDon for universides in It was later cerdfied to perform evaluadon and accreditadon acdvides in several other fields. The JUAA currently performs CerDfied EvaluaDon and AccreditaDon in 7 fields (universides, junior colleges, law schools, professional graduate business schools, professional graduate schools of public policy, professional graduate schools of public health, and professional graduate school of intellectual property studies). Veterinary Schools (2017-) 26

27 Reform of Veterinary EducaDon in Japan 1) The core curriculum (CC) 2) Achievement test 3) The external evaluadon system 4) CollaboraDve educadon systems 5) AcDviDes to enrich the veterinary curricula 27

28 Veterinary Schools in Japan The biggest problems of vet schools in Japan are: Ø Size of nadonal vet schools is small Ø Majority of the vet schools belongs to the faculty of agriculture Number of schools Number of students (each year) NaDonal (public) 10 (64%) 330 (36%) Prefectural (public) 1 (6%) 40 (4%) Public total 11(70%) 370 (40%) Private 5 (30%) 560 (60%) Total 16 (100%) 930 (100%) CollaboraDve EducaDon at nadonal vet schools 28

29 University Veterinary Schools in Japan Faculty and Department # of Students # of Teachers Remarks Hokkaido Fac Vet Med Coopera<ve Educa<onal Program Obihiro Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Coopera<ve Educa<onal Program Iwate Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Tokyo Dept Vet Med Sci, Fac Agriculture Tokyo Agriculture & Technology Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Coopera<ve Department of Vet Med Coopera<ve Department of Vet Med Gifu Dept Vet Med, Fac Appl Biol Sci Joint Department of Vet Med To^ri Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Joint Department of Vet Med Yamaguchi Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Joint faculty Mitazaki Dept Vet Sci, Fac Agriculture Kagoshima Dept Vet Med, Fac Agriculture Joint Faculty Osaka Prefectuel Dept Vet Sci, Fac Life &Environ Sci Rakuno Gakuen Dept Vet Med, School Vet Med Kitasato Fac Vet Med, School Vet Med Nippon Veterinary & Life Sci. School Vet Med, Fac Vet Sci Azabu Dept Vet Med, School Vet Med Nippon Dept Vet Med, College Biores Sci

30 4. CollaboraDve EducaDon Has Already Started v CollaboraDve faculty of Yamaguchi University and Kagoshima University (2012) v CollaboraDve educadon curriculum (CollaboraDve Veterinary Department) Ø Hokkaido University and Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (2012) Ø Iwate University and Tokyo Agriculture and Technology University (2012) Ø Gifu University and ToVori University (2013) v UT, Miyazaki University and Osaka Prefecture University are sdll alone 30

31 Veterinary Schools in Japan CollaboraDve or joint educadonal system Alone ToVori Miyazaki Kagoshima Gifu Osaka Prefec Kitasato Iwate Yamaguchi Hokkaido-Obihiro, Yamaguchi-Kagoshima: Effort to meet EAVE standard (European AssociaDon for Veterinary EducaDon) Hokkaido Obihiro Rakunou Gauen Tokyo Tokyo A & T Nippon Nippon Vet & Life Sci Azabu 31

32 Reform of Veterinary EducaDon in Japan 1) The core curriculum (CC) 2) Achievement test 3) The external evaluadon system 4) CollaboraDve educadon systems 5) AcDviDes to enrich the veterinary curricula 32

33 5) AcDviDes to enrich the veterinary curricula v Project of Internship Program for Veterinary Public Health Profession for Farm Animal PracDces v InternaDonal Student Exchange Programme AIMS programme with credit transfer 33

34 Project of Internship Program Started arer FMD outbreak in 2010 [Japan is FMD free country] Open to all vet students in Japan Supported by MEXT (Ministry of EducaDon) Time-limited project ( , , 2017-?) 1) for Veterinary Public Health Profession [Operated by U Tokyo] with local government public officials etc. 2) for Farm Animal PracDces [Operated by Gifu U] with Farm Animal PracDDoners 34

35 Accepted Once accepted, Process Overview Apply for an internship Application Review Process Participate in the Internship Receive the certificate of completion Declined Ensure you are covered by accident insurance and liability insurance. (Some institute designate the mandatory insurances.) Upload insurance documents and register emergency contacts in VPcamp. Submit the necessary documents to the institute of internship. (e.g. written pledge, CV etc.) Take designated preparatory lectures on the HP or VPcamp. During the Internship Keep a journal. After the Internship Submit the requested report. Complete the internship evaluation questionnaire on VPcamp. Local government Complete the Internship Public officials Supported by MEXT (Ministry of EducaDon) Project of Internship Program for Veterinary Public Health Profession : : NEWS Open to All vet students in Japan FAO OIE WHO 10/12( ) Students interested in the program can apply on the website FAO, OIE and WHO have institutionalised a tripartite coordination mechanism to support countries to reduce health threats under the One Health concept at the human, animal and ecosystem interfaces. Through participation in the annual regional workshop in Asia-Pacific, you will be able to learn the roles of intergovernmental organisations in multidisciplinary work on One Health, lessons learned to progress multi-sectoral collaboration on zoonosis prevention and control at country and regional levels, and how such multi-sectoral collaboration can be used to address other relevant public health threats. OIE

36 Internship Program at Veterinary Research InsDtuDons OIE asia-pacific office, NOSAI, NIAH, NIID, JRA, NVAL, FAMIC, AQS Local Livestock hygiene service center etc Lecture series on website Example Professor of Veterinary Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh Veterinary epidemiology in disease-control policy-making: the 2001 UK foot-and-mouth disease outbreak Establishment and development of educa<on on veterinary epidemiology in the UK

37 5) AcDviDes to enrich the veterinary curricula v Project of Internship Program for Veterinary Public Health Profession for Farm Animal PracDces v InternaDonal Student Exchange Programme AIMS programme with credit transfer 37

38 Student Exchange under ASEAN InternaDonal Mobility for Students (AIMS) Programme A govermnent supported muldlateral educadonal program to promote a vibrant student mobility in Southeast Asian nadons: expanding throughout Asian coundes, and Japan became a member in 2012 Student mobility: one of the key strategic elements of cooperadon leading to the development of a harmonised higher educadon environment among countries. The 9th Review Mee<ng of AIMS Programme Tsukuba, JAPAN (November, 2015) Between VEEs in Thailand and Japan Credit transfer started in 2014 WELCOME TO The 9 th Review Meeting of the ASEAN International Mobility for Students (AIMS) Programme October 2015 Tsukuba, Japan Annex III.I

39 n n n Collaboration of Veterinary Education (CVE) between Japan and Thailand for Sound Evolution of Asia OUTPUT Veterinary leaders in Thailand Global perspective of Japanese students OUTCOME Intensification in Veterinary Field n Level up of veterinarians n Improvement of veterinary education n Leadership of Japan in Veterinary field n One Health Hokkaido Univ Tokyo Univ Exchange 25 students カセサート 学 ASEAN/AIMS Japan RakunoGakuen Univ Credit transfer(15 23UCTS) Kasetsart Univ Thailand First collaboradon in the field of veterinary educadon under the AIMS Programme Supported by Re-InvesDng Japan Project

40 Wildlife Large animal Practical class in Thailand FY2014 Hospital Japanese students join the clinical rotation class for Thailand students, to learn veterinary medicine of companion animals, wildlife, large animals, etc Large animal

41 Hokkaido Time (hours) Japanese students in Thailand Credit in Thai Credit UCTS in Japan UCTS Thailand student in Japan Time (hours) Credit in Japan UCTS Univ Rakuno Gakuen Univ Univ of Credit exchange in FY2014 Tokyo Credit Exchange in the field of veterinary educadon under the AIMS Programme UCTS: UMAP Credit Transfer Scheme UMAP: University Mobility in Asia and the Pacific

42 Various types of Internship Program for Veterinary Students (Tokyo-Taiwan-Seoul) EducaDonal exposure of veterinary students with different cultural backgrounds to be promoted Taipei Campus Univ Tokyo Students from Seoul % () 1995 Masamichi Kurohmaru Prof. Masamichi Kurohmaru (Present dean of Vet School, Uni Tokyo) % DiagnosDc Lab work in Tokyo Animal Hospital In Taiwan

43 Problems of the EducaDonal InnovaDon v Time for educadon increases, but Dme for research decreases v AdministraDve work is markedly increased v Cost for achievement test, pardcipadve pracdces and external evaluadon v No or few suppordng staffs, and faculdes need to do everything 43

44 International Conference on Veterinary Eligibility and Education jointly convened with 17 th AAVS meeting Date: November 21 (Wed) 22 (Thu), 2018 Venue: Ito International Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. A conference fee: Free Contents: Part 1: Keynote presentations! What is necessary for the training of international veterinarians.! Statutory bodies of veterinary professions Part 2: Panel discussion! Current status, problems and future plans of veterinary profession and education in each country Part 3: Open symposium! Japanese veterinarians actively working in the world Part 4: Asian Association of Veterinary Schools (AAVS) annual meeting Host: The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science Co-host: OIE Regional Representation for Asian and the Pacific MeeDng in 2018 Nov Tokyo The University of Tokyo Symposium Office: Prof. Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA (President of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science, the University of Tokyo) 44