Improving lamb survival with calmer sheep

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1 Postgraduate Showcase 27 Frontiers in Agriculture Improving lamb survival with calmer sheep Sam Bickell BSc (Animal Science) Animal Production Systems

2 Background Loss of 1 million lambs per year 4-6% die within first 3 days Inadequate maternal care

3 Improving lamb survival Ewe-lamb bond - Selective - Vital for lamb survival Temperament - Reactivity of an animal to humans and isolation - orrelates with a ewes maternal behaviour

4 My research Investigating the role of temperament on the establishment of the ewe-lamb bond alm and ervous merino sheep

5 Selection protocol alm ewes ervous ewes Ram BREEDIG Ram Lamb rop TEMPERAMET TESTIG Top calm rams (1) All ewes Other rams castrated Top nervous rams (1) All ewes

6 My experiments Determine if temperament is due to nature or nurture Detect differences in bonding behaviour of ewes and lambs with different temperaments

7 ature vs. urture Inherited trait (h² ) ot fixed at birth Modulated by maternal behaviour Hypothesis: Lamb temperament will be determined by the interaction of its genes with maternal behaviour

8 ature vs. urture Lamb born from calm ewe Lamb born from nervous ewe alm ewe ervous ewe alm ewe ervous ewe

9 Results 42 lambs Birth ewe alm Foster ewe alm 26 1

10 Results 42 lambs Birth ewe alm ervous Foster ewe alm ervous

11 Results 42 lambs Birth ewe alm ervous alm Foster ewe alm ervous ervous

12 Results 42 lambs Birth ewe alm ervous alm ervous Foster ewe alm ervous ervous alm

13 ature vs. urture

14 Open field test

15 Open field test Bleats (per min) Squares crossed (per min) 1 * 6 * 5 3 ature ature Jumps (per min) Latency to jump (sec) 3 * 3 * ature ature * P value <.5

16 Open field test Bleats (per min) Squares crossed (per min) 1 * 6 * 5 3 ature urture ature Jumps (per min) Latency to jump (sec) 3 * 3 * ature ature * P value <.5

17 Open field test Bleats (per min) Squares crossed (per min) 1 5 * 6 3 * ature urture ature urture Jumps (per min) Latency to jump (sec) 3 * 3 * ature ature * P value <.5

18 Open field test Bleats (per min) Squares crossed (per min) 1 5 * 6 3 * ature urture ature urture Jumps (per min) Latency to jump (sec) 3 * 3 * ature urture ature * P value <.5

19 Open field test Bleats (per min) Squares crossed (per min) 1 5 * 6 3 * ature urture ature urture Jumps (per min) Latency to jump (sec) * * ature urture ature urture * P value <.5

20 Testing at weaning 3 min Arena test 1 min Box test

21 Box and Arena test 18 Bleats (per min) rossings (per min) *** ervous alm 1 *** Agitation *** p value <.1 5 ature

22 Box and Arena test 18 Bleats (per min) rossings (per min) *** ervous alm 1 *** Agitation *** p value <.1 5 ature urture

23 Box and Arena test 18 Bleats (per min) rossings (per min) *** ervous alm 1 *** Agitation *** p value <.1 5 ature urture

24 Box and Arena test 18 Bleats (per min) rossings (per min) *** ervous alm 1 *** Agitation *** p value <.1 5 ature urture

25 onclusion Temperament not modulated by maternal behaviour

26 My experiments Determine if temperament is due to nature or nurture

27 My experiments Determine if temperament is due to nature or nurture Detect differences in bonding behaviour of ewes and lambs with different temperaments

28 Bonding behaviour Behaviour is influenced by temperament alm ewes show better maternal behaviour than ervous ewes - more bleats and grooming - more time on birth site atural farming conditions Hypothesis: alm ewes and lambs show better bonding behaviour than nervous ewes and lambs

29 Bonding behaviour Ewe Time to 1 st stand + lick lamb

30 Bonding behaviour Ewe Time to 1 st stand + lick lamb Rejection behaviour

31 Bonding behaviour Ewe Time to 1 st stand + lick lamb Rejection behaviour Isolation from flock

32 Bonding behaviour Ewe Time to 1 st stand + lick lamb Rejection behaviour Isolation from flock Movements from birthsite

33 Bonding behaviour Ewe Time to 1st stand + lick lamb Rejection behaviour Isolation from flock Movements from birthsite Lamb Time to 1st stand

34 Bonding behaviour Ewe Time to 1 st stand + lick lamb Rejection behaviour Isolation from flock Movements from birthsite Lamb Time to 1 st stand Time to 1 st suck

35 Bonding behaviour Ewe Time to 1 st stand + lick lamb Rejection behaviour Isolation from flock Movements from birthsite Lamb Time to 1 st stand Time to 1 st suck Acceptance at the udder

36 26 Results Observed 23 ewes Maiden Experienced alm 6 4 ervous 3 1 Limited to day observations Overcrowding Direct observations Unknown ID of dead lambs

37 Solutions Remote controlled cameras Move the lambed ewes out Tag lambs after observations

38 27 Results 43 complete recordings Maiden Experienced alm ervous 9 6

39 Murphy's results (1999) Lamb mortality alm (497) ervous (519) Singles 7% 16% * Twins 16% 26% * Total mortality 54 (11%) 13 (2%) * Lamb birth weight 4.51± ±.1 kg

40 Outcomes Know the genetic and behavioural role of temperament in the ewe-lamb bond Improve the establishment of the bond Improve lamb survival

41 Supervisors Dr Dominique Blache Dr Raymond owak Sponsors Acknowledgements School of Animal Biology Meat and Livestock Australia Farm supervisor and helpers Pascal, Aprille, Monique, eline, Ken & Steve

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