Breeding and feeding for more lambs. Andrew Thompson & Mark Ferguson

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1 Breeding and feeding for more lambs Andrew Thompson & Mark Ferguson

2 What ewe type do you/your clients predominantly run? A) Fine and super fine Merino B) Medium Merino C) Meat Merino (Including Dohnes & SAMM) D) First cross E) Maternal composite F) Shedders G) Stud terminal H) Stud maternal 14% 81% 5%

3 What do you/ your clients most want to improve in your/their sheep? A) Growth rate B) Weaning % C) Wool cut D) Micron E) Carcase- lean meat yield F) Resistance to fly strike G) Resistance to worms H) Doing ability 11% 68% 11% 11%

4 Currently how do you/they sustain the ewe base? A) Completely self replacing B) Combination of breeding own and buying in C) Buying in only 59% 36% 5%

5 An historically small sheep flock

6 But marking rates are not changing Enterprise sector Average marking rate ( ) Average marking rate ( ) Prime lamb specialists Sheep specialists Mixed sheep enterprises Sheep Industry Total (ABARE Survey data for all sheep regions of Aus)

7 AUD million per year Gross value of production Wool Meat Meat includes lamb, mutton and live export Compiled by K Curtis, Source: ABS

8 What proportion of your clients sheep income do they generate from wool? A) 0 B) 1 C) 3 D) 5 E) 7 F) 9 G) Unsure 19% 29% 33% 19%

9 Lambs required to forego wool Meat Price $/kg Decreased ewe fleece value by $25 Extra lambs required to break even $3 >50 $4 >50 $5 37

10 We need to sustain turn-off rates We need to rebuild the ewe flock To do so, we must- Improve reproduction rates Improve lamb survival rates immediately Increase genetic gain in the commercial sector

11 Do you use Breeding values when selecting rams? A. Yes B. No 5 5

12 When selecting rams from your chosen stud you select them based on: A) How the ram looks B) How the ram looks and its raw wool measurements C) How the rams looks and its breeding values D) Breeding values only E) Stud master or agent selects my rams F) Unsure 5% 25% 35% 5% 15% 15%

13 Energy Product Labour and management

14 more wool finer wool more stylish wool better wool strength better wool length lower CV higher washing yield better structure less horns faster growth better muscling more lambs less wrinkle barer breeches less worms less dags better robustness less flystrike

15 That depends on: Your production system These are decisions only you can make and it is important that you do Your crystal ball

16 ? It depends!!

17 Australian Sheep Breeding Values (ASBVs) ASBVs are available for all of the traits that matter to your back pocket They work There is money in it

18 breed your own its cheaper My clients don t ask for them My ram supplier doesn t have them

19 Do your clients have a goal or ideal sheep written down for your ewe flock (often called a breeding objective)? A) Yes 25% B) No 75%

20 Genetic Decision Support Tool

21 Good genetics is not an excuse for poor management Getting ewe nutrition right is important We need more lambs And we can get them by combining breeding and feeding.

22 To wean 1 more lambs on your farm, what will you do? A) Keep my adult ewes one year longer B) Lamb at 1yr old instead of 2 yrs C) Lamb more than once a year D) Select/buy more fertile sheep E) Improve breeding ewe nutrition

23 To increase lamb production on your farm, what will you improve? A) Conceiving more lambs B) More lambs surviving birth C) Higher lamb growth rates

24

25 Proportion (/100 ewes) Reproductive rate and ewe pregnancy status Twin Reproductive rate (foetuses/100 ewes) Single Dry

26 Lambs (/100 ewes) more lambs born per CS Ewe condition score

27 Farm Extra foetuses per CS Kendenup, WA +36 Coleraine, VIC +28 Launceston, TAS +28 Brookton, WA +26 Moora, WA +10 Dandaragan, WA +7

28 When selecting a ram what is the majority of your clients selection based on? A) Wool style- quality/colour B) Wool measurement- micron, CV, wool cut C) Size D) Visual carcase attributes E) Growth and carcase measurements F) Reproduction potential G) Labour saving/health traits (worms, flies etc)

29 ASBVs for Number of lambs born (NLB) or weaned (NLW) Huge range in sires Plus get other things going in your favour Growth, muscle and fat Wrinkle, face cover etc

30 Lambs Born per 100 ewes mated lambs per 100 ewes mated Industry Average Top 1% Yearling Weight(YWT) ASBV (kg)

31 Lambs Born per 100 ewes mated Industry Average Top 1% 11 lambs per 100 ewes Yearling Eye Muscle Depth (YEMD) ASBV (mm)

32 Lambs born per 100 ewes mated Yearling Fat depth(yfat) ASBV (mm)

33 Lambs born per 100 ewes mated extra lambs or $40,000 farm profit Yearling Fat depth(yfat) ASBV (mm)

34 Wrinkly sheep are: Likely to cut more wool (Mortimer et al etc) More likely to get breech strike (Greeff & Karlsson 2009; Smith et al. 2009; Richards & Atkins 2010; Scholtz et al. 2010) Take longer to crutch (Smith et al. 2010) Likely to wean less lambs (Dun 1964; Scholtz et al. 2010; Greeff et al. unpublished)

35 Breeding and feeding to improve lamb survival

36 Do your clients routinely body condition score / fat score your ewes? A. Yes B. No 10

37 Do you routinely pregnancy scan your ewes for the following? A. Wet/Dry B. Dry/Single/Twin (multiple) C. Don t pregnancy regularly

38 What are your normal lamb survival rates? A) >90 B) C) D) E) F) Unsure

39 Survival rate Ewes joined Scanned dry Scanned single Marked single Scanned twin Marked twin Total marked lambs Overall lamb survival ewes (57) 34 ewes (68)

40 Survival rate Ewes joined Scanned dry Scanned single Marked single Scanned twin Marked twin Total marked lambs Overall lamb survival Common rate 8 single 5 twin ewes (57) 46 lambs 34 ewes (68) 34 lambs 80 64%

41 Survival rate Target rate 9 single 7 twin Ewes joined Scanned dry Scanned single ewes (57) Marked single 52 lambs Scanned twin 34 ewes (68) Marked twin 48 lambs Total marked lambs Overall lamb survival Common rate 8 single 5 twin ewes (57) 46 lambs 34 ewes (68) 34 lambs 80 64%

42 Lamb survival (%) Single lambs (av. birth wt 4.9 kg) Twin lambs (av. birth wt 3.7 kg) Birth weight (kg)

43 Lamb birthweight (kg) Reproduction and fat High nutrition Yearling Fat depth(yfat) ASBV (mm)

44 Lamb birthweight (kg) Reproduction and fat High nutrition Low nutrition Yearling Fat depth(yfat) ASBV (mm)

45 Lamb survival (%) Single lambs Twin lambs Ewe condition score at lambing

46 What are your average mob sizes for lambing? A) <100 B) 200 C) 300 D) 400 E) >500 F) Unsure

47 Lambs/day (range) Survival % low Singles med high low Twinner s med high

48 Mob type Maximum recommended number/mob Twin bearing mature ewes 200 Single bearing mature ewes 400 Twin bearing maiden ewes 150 Single bearing maiden ewes 300

49 Ewe mortality (%) Twin ewes 0 Single ewes Condition score

50 Breeding and feeding to improve lamb growth

51 Days to 45kg Single s Twins 55 less days to market Industry Average Top 1% Post Weaning Weight (PWT) ASBV (kg)

52 Lamb growth rate (g/d) Single lambs CS3 at lambing CS2 at lambing Twin lambs CS3 at lambing CS2 at lambing Feed on offer (kg DM/ha)

53 feeding to improve weaner survival

54 Weaner survival (%) kg/month 0.75 kg/month 0.50 kg/month Liveweight at weaning (kg) Critical liveweight = 18 kg for 48 kg SRW (4 mature weight) 4 of deaths from lightest 2 of flock

55 Weaner survival (%) Post-weaning growth and survival kg 18 kg 13 kg Growth rate (kg/month) Critical growth rate = 0.5 kg/month Safety margin >1.0 kg/month

56 Management at weaning and during summer/autumn Wean at weeks and ideally at 4 mature weight Imprint feed prior to weaning and consider fodder crops Target supplements to at risk weaners draft out tail Monitor liveweight or condition score and feed for 1 kg/month over summer/autumn to maximise survival Water, worms, flies and vitamins & minerals

57 Metabolisable energy and weaner growth WEANER GROWTH MANAGER - Metabolisable Energy (ME) 60kg SRW Ewe Table 1. ME Requirements (MJ/Day) Table 2. ME Intake (MJ/Day) LW gain Liveweight (kg) 20kg Weaner LW 30kg Weaner LW (g/h/d) Digestibility Digestibility FOOscz % 5 45% 4 FOOscz % 5 45%

58 Metabolisable protein and weaner growth WEANER GROWTH MANAGER - Metabolisable Protein (MP) 60kg SRW Ewe Table 5. Metabolisable Protein Requirements Table 6. Metabolisable Protein Intake g/head/day LW gain Liveweight (kg) 20kg Weaner LW 30kg Weaner LW (g/h/d) Digestibility Digestibility FOOscz % 5 45% 4 FOOscz % 5 45%

59 Feed value of grain Energy (MJ ME/kgDM) Protein (% content) Oats Lupins Barley Wheat

60

61 Pre-LTEM Post-LTEM % Change Farm size (ha) % Stocking rate (dse/ha) % Lambing % (Crossbred) % Lambing % (Merino to Merino) % Lambing % (Merino to Other) % Ewe mortality % %

62 Pre-LTEM Post-LTEM Assess pasture quality and quantity 26% 91% Condition scoring ewes 4% 94% Joining length 5 weeks or less 28% 7 Pregnancy scanning ewes for multiples & separate 18% 71% Regularly calculate the ME balance of ewes 2% 82%

63 Distribution of LTEM producer groups 63

64 Breeding and feeding for more lambs 1. The game has changed 2. Breed them well 3. Feed them well 4. Get your clients into LTEM / HPW

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