Bob Kilgour and Edward Joshua & NSW Department of Primary Industries. The relationship between arena behaviour and lamb rearing ability
|
|
- Edward Ray
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Final Report Project code: Prepared by: B.PDS.1307 Bob Kilgour and Edward Joshua & NSW Department of Primary Industries Date published: September 2015 PUBLISHED BY Meat & Livestock Australia Limited PO BOX 1961 NORTH SYDNEY NSW 2059 The relationship between arena behaviour and lamb rearing ability Meat & Livestock Australia acknowledges the matching funds provided by the Australian Government to support the research and development detailed in this publication. This publication is published by Meat & Livestock Australia Limited ABN (MLA). Care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However MLA cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in the publication. You should make your own enquiries before making decisions concerning your interests. Reproduction in whole or in part of this publication is prohibited without prior written consent of MLA.
2 Abstract Reproductive wastage is a major limiting factor in the Australian sheep industry and lamb mortality has been shown to be a major component of this. While management options are available, they incur an annual cost and genetic selection is a preferred option. However, reproductive rate is made up of many components and these are of low heritability, difficult to measure and limited to one or other of the sexes. However, the behaviour of sheep in an arena test has shown promise as an indirect selection criterion. In a study of sheep from the Trangie Fertility Flock, selected for the ability of its ewes to rear their lambs to weaning and an unselected flock, the Trangie Random Flock, the sheep from the Fertility Flock moved around the arena and bleated less than their Random Flock counterparts. The arena test was devised so as to assess the attraction of the test animal to a group of sheep at the end of the arena and the repulsion of a human sitting in front of this group of sheep. The differences between the two flocks were interpreted as the greater ability of the Fertility Flock ewes to tolerate social isolation, a possibly desirable trait on the birthsite. In this project, we measured the arena behaviour of ewes from several commercial and research flocks with lifetime reproductive performance measurements. We were anticipating that the ewes with the greater reproductive success would move around the arena and bleat less than ewes with lower reproductive success. However, in only one of the flocks was there a significant relationship between arena behaviour and reproductive performance and, in this case, the arena criterion was closest approach to the human in the arena. Page 1 of 13
3 Executive summary Reproductive rate is a major limitation to profitability in the Australian sheep industry and, despite considerable effort, lambing marking percentages remain at about 80%. When ovulation rate is taken into account, this amounts to about 67 lambs born per lamb conceived or about two-thirds of the potential. Potential means of overcoming this limitation are management and genetic selection. Genetic selection is a preferred option since it is permanent and does not involve the annual cost that management options do. However, reproductive performance has many components and these are distributed among the ewe, the ram and the lamb. Further, these components all have heritabilities of around 0.1 or lower, so the annual rate of progress is low. They are also relatively difficult to measure. One possible way to surmount these difficulties is to use indirect selection. That is, rather than selecting directly for reproductive rate or one of its components, selecting for a character that is highly correlated with reproductive rate, is more highly heritable, is easier to measure and is not restricted to the ewe, the ram or the lamb. One place to look for such a character is in a flock selected for high reproductive rate. This was used in the past when the Trangie Fertility Flock, selected for its ability to rear lambs to weaning was compared to a random-bred control, the Trangie Random Flock. These two flocks differed in their behaviour in an arena test, a test designed to assess the reaction of a sheep to the attraction of a group of sheep and the repulsion of a human. The conclusion was that the test indicated the greater tolerance of the Fertility Flock sheep to isolation from flockmates, possibly a desirable trait on the birthsite. This project was initiated to test this concept in several industry flocks rather than in selection flocks on research stations. Several producers were approached and, as a result of this, approximately 100 sheep from each of the following flocks were arena tested; the Information Nucleus Flock at the Cowra Agricultural Research and Advisory (Merinos and Border Leicester x Merinos), Poll Dorsets (Marocara Dorsets, Dubbo), Dorpers, Burrawang West, Ootha), Border Leicesters (New Armatree, Armatree) and Merinos (Centre Plus, Tullamore). The arena was an enclosure 13m x 3m into which the test sheep is placed. At one end of the arena was a pen containing approximately ten sheep from which the test sheep was taken. In front of this pen and sitting in the arena was a human. Thus the pen of sheep acts as the attraction, the human as the repulsion. The sheep was then assessed for its reaction to this situation in terms of closest approach to and furthest distance from the human, mean approach to the human, total distance moved and number of bleats. Initially, at Cowra, the duration of the test was ten minutes. However, analysis of the data indicated that the test could be considerably shortened so, subsequently, the test was conducted over five minutes. Despite the promise of the earlier work at Trangie, in only one case was there a significant relationship between any of the arena measures and number of lambs reared per lambing. The one exception was in the Merinos at Cowra where the ewes with the highest rearing success were those that approached closest to the human in the arena. This meant that the project did not produce the expected results, so no economic predictions, practice change or extension of results were possible. Page 2 of 13
4 Table of contents Background 4 Project objectives 5 Methodology 6 Results 7 Discussion 8 Conclusion 8 Acknowledgments 9 Appendix 9 Page 3 of 13
5 Background One of the major factors limiting profitability in the Australian sheep industry is reproductive performance and there are two options for improving it, namely, management and genetic selection. Management options include nutritional supplementation, shed lambing and reproductive technologies such as multiple ovulation, artificial insemination and embryo transfer. However, these strategies are not permanent and, therefore, incur an annual cost. On the other hand, genetic selection is permanent but also has its own set of limitations. Firstly, reproduction is a complex characteristic and involves serving capacity and semen quality in the ram as well as ovulation rate, expression of oestrus, embryonic survival and maternal ability in the ewe and the vigour of the newborn lamb. Secondly, this is further complicated by the fact that each of these components is of low heritability, often lower than 0.1 and also quite difficult to measure. Finally, phenotypic reproductive characteristics are sex-limited; only rams produce semen, only ewes give birth. One possible way of overcoming these limitations is to use indirect selection. That is, rather than select for, by way of example, number of lambs weaned, select for a characteristic that is correlated with number of lambs weaned but is more highly heritable, easier to measure and measurable in both sexes. One means of discovering such a characteristic is to study selection flocks. This opportunity was available at the Agricultural Research Centre at Trangie, NSW, where sheep from the Fertility Flock and the Random Flock were available for comparison. The Fertility Flock had been selected mainly for the ability of its ewes to rear their lambs to weaning, while the Random Flock was an unselected flock. The fact that the main selection pressure on Fertility Flock was rearing lambs to weaning is important; it is all very well to get lambs on the ground but, if they do not survive, they are wasted. This is all the more important a large studies of commercial flocks in Australia have indicated that lamb mortality is a major source of reproductive wastage. A three-year study of these two flocks unearthed two possible candidates for indirect selection because they differed between the two flocks. The first of these was pelvic size and the second was the behaviour of the ewes in an arena test. The arena test placed the test sheep in an enclosure 13mx3m from which it could not escape. At one end of the arena was a small group of sheep from which the test sheep had been taken. This would normally be expected to attract the test sheep to that end of the arena but, a human being sat in the arena in front of this pen of sheep. The test sheep was then faced with a situation of attraction to the sheep and repulsion by the seated human. The arena test was an adaptation of that devised by Fell and Shutt, who showed differences in the approach behaviour of recently-mulesed and unmulesed lambs to a standing human in the arena, in that the recently-mulesed lambs avoided the human to a much greater extent than the unmulesed lambs. While Fell and Shutt tested their sheep in groups of three or four, the sheep in the Trangie study were tested individually. This was because the maternal behaviour of the ewe is an individual characteristic and it was thought that the individual behaviour of the sheep in the arena might reflect this. This was given some support during the Trangie study because, in Page 4 of 13
6 an experiment that compared one sheep in the arena compared to four, the differences between the two flocks that manifested with one sheep under test disappeared when four were used. The differences that appeared between the two flocks were that the Fertility Flock ewes moved around the arena less and also bleated less than the Random Flock ewes. This result appeared to make perfect sense since, once her lamb is born, the ewe has to forget about the rest of the flock and attend to the newborn. The results of the arena test indicated that the ewes of the Fertility flock showed a greater tolerance to social isolation and so might be expected to pay greater attention to their lambs. The Trangie study also showed that the behaviour of the ewes in the arena were repeatable and were not influenced by whether the ewe was dry, pregnant or lactating. This indicated that it was a stable component of sheep behaviour. The Trangie work also showed that the same differences that appeared between the ewes of the two flocks also appeared in the rams. The arena test results therefore showed considerable promise. The measures were highly variable, not the 0,1,2 data that you get with numbers of lambs reared. They were easily measured in that the test could be conducted indoors over a period of ten minutes rather than out in a cold, wet, windy lambing paddock and that they could be measured in rams as well as ewes. The fact that they could be measured in the rams suggested that sires could be selected to improve the maternal ability of their daughters, resulting in much faster genetic progress. It appeared that the next step was to prove the concept in commercial flocks and, to that end, we approached the producer members. The producers who were approached were known to have pedigree information and the sheep at the Cowra Agricultural Research and Advisory Station were also known to have pedigree information. It seemed that all that had to be done was to measure the arena behaviour of the animals and relate it to their lamb rearing performance over their lifetimes. The flocks chosen also had a wide representation of the major breeds in the Australian sheep industry. As such, the project only just fell within the realm of a producer demonstration site. Because the concept had only been demonstrated in two Merino research flocks, this was more an on-property research project using producers sheep rather than the demonstration of a solidly-proven principle. Project objectives The project had two objectives. The first was to examine the relationship between the behaviour of ewes in the arena and their lifetime rearing performance. Our prediction was that there would be a relationship between the number of bleats in the arena test and the total distance moved in the test with lifetime rearing performance. The expectation was that the ewes that reared the greater number of ewes per lambing would bleat and move around the arena less. Page 5 of 13
7 The second objective was to assess how much the test could be shortened from the tenminute test used in the original Trangie study without losing the capacity to meaningfully measure behaviour. Methodology Approximately 100 ewes from each of the members flocks (total of 6 flocks) were tested in an arena. These included Merinos and Border Leicesters (approximately 100 of each) from the Agricultural Research and Advisory Station, Cowra, Poll Dorsets from Marocara Dorsets at Dubbo, Dorpers from Burrawang West, Ootha, Border Leicesters at New Armatree, Armatree and Merinos from Centre Plus, Tullamore. The arena was an area measuring 13m x 3m and surrounded by sheep panels so that the animal was enclosed (Fig 1). The floor of the arena was marked out in squares measuring 1m x 1m, giving a total of 39 squares. At one end of the arena was a pen containing approximately ten ewes and it was from this pen that the animal to be tested was taken. At the end of the test, the animal was returned to this pen and another animal removed for testing. Sitting in front of this pen of sheep and inside the arena was a human being. Y X A C Fig 1. Plan of the arena indicating the arena proper (Y), A the pen containing the group of sheep from which the test animal was taken (A), the race along which the animal moved into the arena (B), the point of entry to the arena through a gate (C) and the position of the seated human (X). At Cowra, the test involved placing each of the test ewes in the arena for ten minutes and, at intervals of 15 seconds, recording the number of the square in which the animal s front left foot rested. From this, four behavioural measurements could be made. These were closest approach to the human, maximum distance away from the human, mean approach to the human and total distance moved. The number of bleats were also counted. At the other four properties, the conduct of the test was exactly the same except for the length of test which, based on the analysis of the Cowra data, indicated that shortening the test to five minutes did not decrease the reliability of the test. At Cowra, the tests were conducted under a roof and on concrete. At Burrawang West they were carried out under a roof and on bark chips, at Centre Plus under a roof and on bare earth and at Marocara and New Armatree tests were carried out in the yards. Data were analysed using generalised linear models procedures and tested for the significance of any relationship between closest approach, mean approach, maximum distance, total distance travelled and number of bleats with the number of lambs weaned per lambing. B Page 6 of 13
8 Results At Cowra, in the Border Leicester ewes there were no significant relationships between any of the arena data and number of lambs weaned par lambing. However, in the Merinos there was a significant (P<0.05) relationship between closest approach and number of lambs weaned per lambing (Fig 2). We have included data for these animals only since the scatterplots for all of the other flocks were essentially similar. There was also an almostsignificant (P<0.06) relationship between the number of bleats and number of lambs reared per lambing. These relationships indicated that ewes that reared the greater number of lambs per lambing were those that approached closer to the human and tended to bleat more during the arena test. 2.5 No of lambs weaned Approach (m) Fig. 2. Simple scatterplot of the relationship between number of lambs weaned per lambing and closest approach. The Cowra data also indicated that the test could be significantly shortened without any loss of information about the behaviour of the sheep. In fact, the analysis showed that the test could be shortened to as little as one minute but, in order to err on the side of caution, we decided to shorten it to five minutes. In fact, the analysis showed that the coefficients of variation for mean approach and total travel, the two most highly variable measurements, were 38% and 74% respectively. These figures didn t change appreciably even when the test was reduced to only 5 records, where the coefficients of variation for mean approach and total travel become 38% and 83% respectively. In the other four flocks, there were no significant relationships between any of the arena data and the number of lambs weaned per lambing. Page 7 of 13
9 Discussion The project did not achieve the more meaningful objective of demonstrating a relationship between any of the arena behaviour measurements and lambs born per lambing. The project did achieve the less meaningful objective of shortening the duration of the test from ten minutes. As a result, the measurements that we made do not benefit the producers at all. Therefore there are no economic benefits, no changes that we can recommend to the producers, no improvement of their bottom line or any beneficial environmental effects. As a result, there were no meaningful results to extend to industry. The group worked because the collection of data was carried out over only a few days. This meant that the producers were not trying to juggle their operations with a project that was carried out over a protracted period. This meant that the producers were able to spend some time with us during the conduct of the arena tests, with most of them spending some time as the human in the arena. Conclusion While the original research on which the idea of using behavioural measurements as a means of genetically selecting for improved lamb rearing performance certainly showed great promise, this promise was not borne out in the current work. In fact, there was a significant relationship between arena behaviour and lambs weaned per lambing in only one of the six groups of sheep tested and this relationship was almost the opposite of what was expected. The following comments on the project are from the producer members. From Jenny and Craig Bradley, New Armatree, Armatree NSW: We thought the original idea was a good one and was very worthwhile pursuing. Anything that could improve lamb survival and profitability is worth looking at. There definitely needs to be more work done on strengthening the link between NLW (number of lambs weaned) and behavioural characteristics in sheep. In fact the whole NLW thing needs a lot more work a trait with a relatively low heritability has such a big influence on Maternal $ Index and also profitability. What we got out of the project was that while there was a huge variation in animal behaviour within our flock (and others I guess), it didn t reflect in their NLW figures and highlights how difficult it is to get a firm grasp on measureable reproductive traits. There needs to be follow up work to try to define the link. This was an excellent first step in the process and while the results and links between NLW and temperament were disappointing it should not be dismissed and further investigation would be worthwhile. The NLW trait needs to be worked on to firm up its accuracy within the Page 8 of 13
10 maternal breeds because it is such a big profit driver and the least reliable figure but one which has a big influence on selection. Acknowledgments We acknowledge the cooperation of the property owners, John, Angus and Alistair Kelly from Marocara Dorsets, Dubbo, NSW, Jana and Graham Pickles and Bill Royal, Burrawang West, Ootha, NSW, Jenny and Craig Bradley and Sam Seaman, New Armatree, Armatree, NSW, Robert, Pam and Mark Mortimer, Centre Plus Tullamore, NSW and Gordon Refshauge, Agricultural Research and Advisory Station, Cowra, NSW. We also gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Allie Jones and James Prescott, NSW DPI, Orange, NSW, Julie Sawley, Tooraweenah Prime Lamb Marketing Cooperation, Tooraweenah, NSW for administrative expertise and Gavin Melville, NSW DPI, Trangie, NSW for statistical analysis. Appendix The following photographs were taken during the conduct of the work Arena testing at the Cowra Agricultural Research and Advisory Station, with James Prescott sitting in the arena. Page 9 of 13
11 Arena testing Poll Dorsets at Marocara ; Allie Jones is sitting in the arena and Bob Kilgour is on the scaffolding collecting the data. Arena testing Dorpers at Burrawang West ; Jana Pickles is sitting in the arena and Bob Kilgour is on the scaffolding collecting the data. Page 10 of 13
12 Sally Bryant, ABC Western Plains NSW in the chair at :New Armatree JB Tancred from the Tooraweenah Prime Lamb Marketing Co-operative, Tooraweenah NSW takes the chair at New Armatree. Page 11 of 13
13 The project leaders Bob Kilgour (left) and Edward Joshua during a break in testing at New Armatree Page 12 of 13
Genetic approaches to improving lamb survival under extensive field conditions
Genetic approaches to improving lamb survival under extensive field conditions Forbes Brien University of Adelaide and Mark Young Beef + Lamb New Zealand Genetics EAAP 16 Abstract Number 24225 Introduction
More information7. IMPROVING LAMB SURVIVAL
7. IMPROVING LAMB SURVIVAL Introduction It is widely accepted that there is a large amount of lamb wastage in Merino flocks. Fertility rates, as measured by the number of lambs present at scanning are
More informationSheep Breeding. Genetic improvement in a flock depends. Heritability, EBVs, EPDs and the NSIP Debra K. Aaron, Animal and Food Sciences
ASC-222 Sheep Breeding Heritability, EBVs, EPDs and the NSIP Debra K. Aaron, Animal and Food Sciences Genetic improvement in a flock depends on the producer s ability to select breeding sheep that are
More informationLower body weight Lower fertility Lower fleece weight (superfine) (fine)
Generally, finer wool merino sheep are best suited to cooler areas Major Sheep Breeds In Australia Merino (75%) Border Leicester Merino x Border Leicester (12%) Suffolk Cheviot Poll Dorset Romney Merino
More informationPRACTICAL APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH SYNCHRONIZATION OF HEAT CYCLE IN THE EWE
Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. (1972) 9= 171 PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH SYNCHRONIZATION OF HEAT CYCLE IN THE EWE P. T. WALKER* Summary Results of artificial insemination
More informationImproving lamb survival with calmer sheep
Postgraduate Showcase 27 Frontiers in Agriculture Improving lamb survival with calmer sheep Sam Bickell BSc (Animal Science) Animal Production Systems Background Loss of 1 million lambs per year 4-6% die
More informationMerryn Pugh's Comments
Merryn Pugh's Comments A hot, clear Christchurch day saw a great turnout of Canterbury Dorper Breeders for an Open Day at Jo and Peter Townshend s Kilmarnock Stud on 1 March. Also on display were most
More informationLive assessment yard book
18740-MLA_Yard_Book.qxp 5/10/06 5:17 PM Page 28 Live assessment yard book Sheep and lamb Level 1, 165 Walker Street North Sydney NSW 2060 Ph: 02 9463 9333 Fax: 02 9463 9393 www.mla.com.au Introduction
More informationWool Technology and Sheep Breeding
Wool Technology and Sheep Breeding Volume 42, Issue 3 1994 Article 6 Australian Merino central test sire evaluation schemes: operational issues. DJ Cottle JW James Copyright c 1994 Wool Technology and
More informationBETTER SHEEP BREEDING Ram buying decisions
BETTER SHEEP BREEDING Ram buying decisions Resource book 15 About Beef + Lamb New Zealand Genetics B+LNZ Genetics is a subsidiary of Beef + Lamb New Zealand (B+LNZ) and consolidates the sheep and beef
More informationSimple ways to use genetics to improve reproduction in beef cattle David Johnston
Simple ways to use genetics to improve reproduction in beef cattle David Johnston Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit University of New England, Armidale, Australia Presentation to Gyranda Open Day 2016
More informationNorth South. Ram Sale
North South BORDER LEICESTERS Est 1957 5% Rebate TO INTRODUCING AGENTS Ram Sale 55 PREMIUM Stud & Flock Rams CATALOGUE Thursday 11th October 2018 Inspections from 10am, Auction 1pm At Rothesay 1329 Berthong
More informationSheep Electronic Identification. Nathan Scott Mike Stephens & Associates
Sheep Electronic Identification Nathan Scott Mike Stephens & Associates Livestock Production Genetics Animal Management Pasture Quality Soil Fertility Livestock Production Genetics Animal Management Animal
More informationLike to see more lambs?
Like to see more lambs? Ovastim can help you increase your profitability The sale of lambs constitutes 7% of gross income in second cross lamb enterprises, and over 5% of gross income in first cross enterprises
More informationSA MERINO SIRE EVALUATION SITE TRIAL NEWS DECEMBER 2017
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN STUD MERINO SHEEPBREEDERS ASSOCIATION INC ABN 21 254 813 645 Royal Adelaide Showground Goodwood Road, Wayville PO Box 108 Goodwood SA 5034 P 08 8212 4157 F 08 8231 7095 E info@merinosa.com.au
More informationAN INITIATIVE OF. Wean More Lambs. Colin Trengove. Member SA Livestock Consultants EVENT PARTNERS: EVENT SUPPORTERS:
AN INITIATIVE OF Wean More Lambs Colin Trengove Member SA Livestock Consultants EVENT PARTNERS: EVENT SUPPORTERS: Summary Get the Enterprise / Management system right then improve reproductive performance
More informationNSIP EBV Notebook June 20, 2011 Number 2 David Notter Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech
NSIP EBV Notebook June 20, 2011 Number 2 David Notter Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech New Traits for NSIP Polypay Genetic Evaluations Introduction NSIP recently completed reassessment
More information1 of 9 7/1/10 2:08 PM
LIFETIME LAMB AND WOOL PRODUCTION OF TARGHEE OR FINN-DORSET- TARGHEE EWES MANAGED AS A FARM OR RANGE FLOCK N. Y. Iman and A. L. Slyter Department of Animal and Range Sciences SHEEP 95-4 Summary Lifetime
More informationPedigree Dorset Horn sheep in Australia
Australian Journal of Exberimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry: Pedigree Dorset Horn sheep in Australia I. Breed expansion and other vital s Summary-The Dorset Horn in Australia is maintained almost
More informationInternational sheep session Focus on Iceland Eyþór Einarsson 1, Eyjólfur I. Bjarnason 1 & Emma Eyþórsdóttir 2 1
International sheep session Focus on Iceland Eyþór Einarsson 1, Eyjólfur I. Bjarnason 1 & Emma Eyþórsdóttir 2 1 The Icelandic Agricultural Advisory Centre 2 The Agricultural University of Iceland Sheep
More informationCrossbreeding to Improve Productivity ASI Young Entrepreneur Meeting. David R. Notter Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech
Crossbreeding to Improve Productivity ASI Young Entrepreneur Meeting David R. Notter Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech Denver, CO Jan. 27, 2017 1 The Evolution of Modern Animal Breeding
More informationPlanning and management checklists: a review tool for producers
Project code: B.SCC.0118 Prepared by: Hamish Dickson and San Jolly Productive Nutrition Pty Ltd Date published: June 2011 ISBN: 9781741919158 PUBLISHED BY Meat & Livestock Australia Limited Locked Bag
More informationSurvey of Husbandry Practices
2018 BREECH FLYSTRIKE RD&E TECHNICAL UPDATE Survey of Husbandry Practices Bob Sloane Kynetec 17 July 2018 Outline 1. Methodology and Sampling 2. Shearing 3. Crutching 4. Joining 5. Mulesing 6. Tail Docking
More informationSHEEP SIRE REFERENCING SCHEMES - NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEDIGREE BREEDERS AND LAMB PRODUCERS a. G. Simm and N.R. Wray
SHEEP SIRE REFERENCING SCHEMES - NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEDIGREE BREEDERS AND LAMB PRODUCERS a G. Simm and N.R. Wray The Scottish Agricultural College Edinburgh, Scotland Summary Sire referencing schemes
More informationGROWTH OF LAMBS IN A SEMI-ARID REGION AS INFLUENCED BY DISTANCE WALKED TO WATER
GROWTH OF LAMBS IN A SEMI-ARID REGION AS INFLUENCED BY DISTANCE WALKED TO WATER V. R. SQUIRES* Summary A feature of pastoral zone grazing systems is the long distances which separate the grazing area from
More informationInnovating sheep genetics
27 July 2018 Rabobank Industry Innovator Presentation Innovating sheep genetics Derek Daniell Masterton Strong base Family of innovators Grandfather, 1913 51 survived WW1, slump, WW2, pushed aerial topdressing
More informationEvaluating the performance of Dorper, Damara, Wiltshire Horn and Merino breeds in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia Tanya Kilminster
Evaluating the performance of Dorper, Damara, Wiltshire Horn and Merino breeds in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia Tanya Kilminster Department of Agriculture and Food WA, Merredin Email:
More informationSA MERINO SIRE EVALUATION TRIAL - UPDATE
5 TH JUNE 2018 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN STUD MERINO SHEEPBREEDERS ASSOCIATION INC ABN 21 254 813 645 Royal Adelaide Showground Goodwood Road, Wayville PO Box 108 Goodwood SA 5034 P 08 8212 4157 F 08 8231 7095
More informationBreech Strike Genetics
Breech Strike Genetics This Project is a collaborative research effort of CSIRO Livestock Industries, Armidale, NSW and Department of Agriculture and Food WA funded by AWI Issue 3 Armidale April 2009 Wrinkle
More informationOPPORTUNITIES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF DAIRY SHEEP IN NORTH AMERICA. David L. Thomas
OPPORTUNITIES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF DAIRY SHEEP IN NORTH AMERICA David L. Thomas Department of Meat and Animal Science University of Wisconsin-Madison Sheep milk, as a commodity for human consumption,
More informationRAM SALE 75 LAMBPLAN TESTED RAMS. Ask Kate for our catalogue with LAMBPLAN ASBV s and Eating Quality Index and Maternal Carcase Production Index
Infused with Elite Poll Dorset sires since 2000 yet have crimped white wool OUR BIOSECURITY IS FOR YOUR BUYER SECURITY Tested negative for OJD since 2003 Brucellosis accred free for 29 years RAM SALE 75
More informationRam Buyers Guide.
Ram Buyers Guide www.hccmpw.org.uk Hybu Cig Cymru / Meat Promotion Wales Tŷ Rheidol, Parc Merlin, Glanyrafon Industrial Estate Llanbadarn Fawr, SY23 3FF Tel: 01970 625050 Fax: 01970 615148 Email: info@hccmpw.org.uk
More informationSHEEPGENETICS HEALTH
SHEEPGENETICS HEALTH SHEEP GENETICS Contents Breech Wrinkle (EBWR) 1 Scouring and dags (DAG) 6 Breech cover (BCOV) 8 Resistance to Worms (WEC) 10 SCORE 1 SCORE 2 SCO www.sheepgenetics.org.au HEALTH Breech
More informationRELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEIGHTS AND CALVING PERFORMANCE OF HEIFERS IN A HERD OF UNSELECTED CATTLE
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEIGHTS AND CALVING PERFORMANCE OF HEIFERS IN A HERD OF UNSELECTED CATTLE T. C. NELSEN, R. E. SHORT, J. J. URICK and W. L. REYNOLDS1, USA SUMMARY Two important traits of a productive
More informationSelection of Sheep. Table Ewe (Maternal) Breeds. Characteristics. White face, ears, and legs Acceptable carcass qualities
Selection of Sheep This lesson addresses the selection process when managing a sheep operation. Within Missouri and throughout the Midwest, producers can choose many different breeds of sheep. Each breed
More informationLifetime Wool. Optimising ewe nutrition to increase farm profit
Lifetime Wool Optimising ewe nutrition to increase farm profit Answering the key questions On your farm, in your environment, with your sheep: - When are the critical times for ewe nutrition? What are
More informationDon Pegler and John Keiller
Don Pegler and John Keiller Our Sheep Flock is above 130 Cashmore Oaklea Stud Flock Commercially run hard and tested in big mobs Classed structurally and phenotype annually 2000 Mature ewes 1500 ewe lambs
More informationWhat this guide covers
What this guide covers This guide highlights the importance of understanding and communicating effectively with animals - to ultimately improve animal welfare and productivity in the Middle East and Africa.
More informationLAMBPLAN and MERINOSELECT
LAMBPLAN and MERINOSELECT Things you need to know The Misson: Genetic improvement for a sustainable and profitable Australian sheep industry facilitated by the world s best sheep genetic evaluation system
More informationWOOL DESK REPORT MAY 2007
Issue no. 008 ISSN: 1449-2652 WOOL DESK REPORT MAY 2007 FLOCK DEMOGRAPHICS AND PRODUCER INTENTIONS RESULTS OF A NATIONAL SURVEY CONDUCTED IN FEBRUARY 2007 KIMBAL CURTIS Department of Agriculture and Food,
More informationVisual aids to increase the awareness of condition scoring of sheep - a model approach
Visual aids to increase the awareness of condition scoring of sheep - a model approach Jonathan England Department of Agriculture and Food, 10 Doney St, Narrogin, Western Australia 6312 Email: jonathan.england@agric.wa.gov.au
More informationThe Power of NSIP to Increase Your Profits. August 17, 2015 Rusty Burgett, Program Director
The Power of NSIP to Increase Your Profits August 17, 2015 Rusty Burgett, Program Director NSIP to Increase Profits National Sheep Improvement Program A profit driven genetic selection tool Our Mission:
More informationCan animal breeding improve domestic animals experiences?
Can animal breeding improve domestic animals experiences? Susanne Hermesch Susanne.Hermesch@une.edu.au Presented at CSIRO and AGBU seminar Armidale 26 September 2013 Acknowledgements AGBU Rob Banks Daniel
More informationCotter Suffolks and White Suffolks, with Wongarra Poll Dorsets
Cotter Suffolks and White Suffolks, with Wongarra Poll Dorsets Cotter Suffolks and White Suffolks is a family run business, located in the Western Districts of Victoria. The Stud was established in 2004
More informationHANDS ON EDUCATION - THE PRACTICAL ADVANTAGE. Robert Dunn
HANDS ON EDUCATION - THE PRACTICAL ADVANTAGE Robert Dunn New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Tocal College CB Alexander Agricultural Campus Paterson NSW 2421 SUMMARY: Tocal college offers
More informationSheep Breeding in Norway
Sheep Breeding in Norway Sheep Breeders Round Table 2015 Thor Blichfeldt Ron Lewis Director of Breeding Professor, University of Nebraska-Lincoln The Norwegian Association of Sheep and Goat Breeders (NSG)
More informationMLA and AWI Wool and Sheepmeat Survey Report - Sheepmeat April, 2017 Prepared by Kynetec
MLA and AWI Wool and Sheepmeat Survey Report - Sheepmeat April, 2017 Prepared by Kynetec Contents Executive Summary 3 Background and Purpose 4 Methodology 5 Survey Respondents 7 MLA Sheep Producing Regions
More informationKeeping and Using Flock Performance Records Debra K. Aaron, Animal and Food Sciences
ASC-221 Keeping and Using Flock Performance Records Debra K. Aaron, Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Cooperative Extension Service Performance
More informationBulletin. the. Winter 2008
the BREEDER S Bulletin Sheep Genetics PO Box U254 University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Telephone: 02 6773 2948 Fax: 02 6773 2707 Email: info@sheepgenetics.org.au www.sheepgenetics.org.au Winter
More informationAN INITIATIVE OF. The New Ewe. Andrew Kennedy EVENT PARTNERS: EVENT SUPPORTERS:
AN INITIATIVE OF The New Ewe Andrew Kennedy EVENT PARTNERS: EVENT SUPPORTERS: Goal posts have been shifted A responsible New Ewe Growth Wool Reproduction Nutrition Parasites Stocking rate Supp feed Labour
More informationEwe Management Handbook
Ewe Management Handbook Optimising Merino ewe nutrition to increase farm profit lifetimewool more lambs, better wool, healthy ewes Ewe Management Handbook Optimising Merino ewe nutrition to increase farm
More informationGenetic approaches to improving lamb survival
Genetic approaches to improving lamb survival SBRT, Nottingham - 18-nov-2017 Mark Young CIEL United Kingdom Forbes Brien University of Adelaide Australia UK Agri-Tech Centres Motivated by vision to drive
More informationPutting Science into Animal Science Projects. Area: Using Genetics (advanced members) Activity: Eradicate Scrapie in Sheep through Genetic Selection
Putting Science into Animal Science Projects Area: Using Genetics (advanced members) Activity: Eradicate Scrapie in Sheep through Genetic Selection Goal: Provide advanced members with the information and
More informationThe change in the New Zealand flock and its performance
The change in the New Zealand flock and its performance Potential reasons for breeding ewe lambs the production of a lamb within the first year of life more lambs produced on farm within a given year more
More informationImproving sheep welfare for increased production
Improving sheep welfare for increased production Emma Winslow 3 April 2017 SARDI - Struan sheep Research Livestock innovation and welfare group: Sheep welfare and wellbeing Production and management Genetic
More informationINFLUENCE OF FEED QUALITY ON THE EXPRESSION OF POST WEANING GROWTH ASBV s IN WHITE SUFFOLK LAMBS
INFLUENCE OF FEED QUALITY ON THE EXPRESSION OF POST WEANING GROWTH ASBV s IN WHITE SUFFOLK LAMBS Introduction Murray Long ClearView Consultancy www.clearviewconsulting.com.au Findings from an on farm trial
More informationChallenges and opportunities facing the Australian wool industry
Challenges and opportunities facing the Australian wool industry Dr. Paul Swan General Manager - Research SA Sheep Blueprint Launch, Hahndorf, SA, 12 th April 2016 AWI investing in our future 40% of AWI
More informationSale Catalogue: Friday, Oct
Sale Catalogue: Friday, Oct 20 2017 Hosted by: Wonoka Partnership, Vogt Rd, Kapunda SA 5373 Vendors: Wonoka Partnership, Kapunda Jayvee Farm, Bute Spring Creek, Marrabel www.wonoka.com.au Vendors: Wonoka
More informationAnimal Science 2003, 76: /03/ $ British Society of Animal Science
Animal Science 2003, 76: 367-373 1357-7298/03/22330367$20 00 2003 British Society of Animal Science Genetic analysis of live weight and ultrasonic fat and muscle traits in a hill sheep flock undergoing
More informationSOUTH WEST SHEEP BREEDING SERVICES
The Team Mike Glover MA VetMB CertSHP MRCVS established South West Sheep Breeding Services in 1989 as a department of Horsepond Veterinary Centre which is now part of Torch Farm & Equine Ltd. This team
More informationAvailable from Deakin Research Online:
This is the published version: McGregor, Bruce 2007, Reproduction management of fibre and meat goats Department of Primary Industries, Melbourne, Vic Available from Deakin Research Online: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/dro/du:30059149
More informationCrossbred lamb production in the hills
Crossbred lamb production in the hills ADAS Pwllpeiran Cwmystwyth Aberystwyth Ceredigion SY23 4AB Institute of Rural Sciences University of Wales, Aberystwyth Llanbadarn Campus Aberystwyth Ceredigion SY23
More informationAnnual On-Property Ram Sale
Annual On-Property Ram Sale Thursday 14th September 1pm 2017 160 Merino & Poll Merino Rams 2017 On-property Sale Rams On-Property Ram Sale Thursday 14th September 2017 Inspection 9.30am Sale 1pm Offering
More informationTREATMENT OF ANOESTRUS IN DAIRY CATTLE R. W. HEWETSON*
TREATMENT OF ANOESTRUS IN DAIRY CATTLE R. W. HEWETSON* Summary Six priming doses of 40 mg progesterone at two day intervals followed by 1,000 I.U. P.M.S. were superior to two priming doses plus P.M.S.
More informationFOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1983
ii by Soterios Economides FAO Consultant FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1983 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the
More informationProof of Concept Lean Meat Yield and Eating Quality Producer Demonstration Sites
Proof of Concept Lean Meat Yield and Eating Quality Producer Demonstration Sites Lamb consumers want Juiciness, flavour Influenced by intramuscular fat Ideal 4-6% Range = 2 9.8% Tenderness Objective measure
More informationExperiences with NSIP in the Virginia Tech Flocks Scott P. Greiner, Ph.D. Extension Animal Scientist, Virginia Tech
Experiences with NSIP in the Virginia Tech Flocks Scott P. Greiner, Ph.D. Extension Animal Scientist, Virginia Tech The registered Suffolk and Dorset flocks at Virginia Tech are utilized heavily in the
More informationLANLP3 SQA Unit Code H5AX 04 Establish and confirm pregnancy in livestock
Overview This standard covers the establishment and confirmation of pregnancy in livestock through natural methods and by artificial insemination. Reproduction of livestock is an essential part of many
More informationRecord Keeping: Worthless or worthwhile?
A Greener World Technical Advice Fact Sheet No. 15 Record Keeping: Worthless or worthwhile? Certified Animal Welfare Approved by A Greener World (AGW) has the most rigorous standards for farm animal welfare
More informationManagement strategies to improve lamb weaning percentages
Management strategies to improve lamb weaning percentages Jessica Crettenden and Suzanne Holbery. South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Minnipa Agricultural Centre. Why was the trial/project
More informationANNUAL RAM SALE. Tuesday 3rd October 2017 Inspections from 11am Sale 1pm 80 POLL DOR SET R AMS 40 BORDER LEICESTER R AMS
ANNUAL RAM SALE David & Elaine Sainsbury 02 6227 2228 Jerradale Geoff & Debbie Selmes 02 4836 5210 80 POLL DOR SET R AMS 40 BORDER LEICESTER R AMS Tuesday 3rd October 2017 Inspections from 11am Sale 1pm
More informationSELECTION STRATEGIES FOR THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN SHEEP
Proc. Assoc. Advmt. Anim. Breed. Genet. 19:151-158 SELECTION STRATEGIES FOR THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN SHEEP F.D. Brien 1, G.N. Hinch 2, J.H.J. van der Werf 2, D.J. Brown 3
More informationBringing individual animal management and EID to the next level and Comparison of DNA, EID Methods & Current Pedigree Matching
Bringing individual animal management and EID to the next level and Elders Victoria Sire Evaluation Group 1 Executive Summary This project aims to extend the use of sheep electronic identification (EID)
More informationAUTUMN AND SPRING-LAMBING OF MERINO EWES IN SOUTH-WESTERN VICTORIA
AUTUMN AND SPRING-LAMBING OF MERINO EWES IN SOUTH-WESTERN VICTORIA J. W. MCLAUGHLIN* Summary In each of four years, ewes lambing in the spring (September-October) had a higher proportion of multiple births
More informationHow to accelerate genetic gain in sheep?
How to accelerate genetic gain in sheep? N Mc Hugh 1, A. O Brien 1, F. McGovern 1, E. Wall 2, T. Pabiou 2, K. McDermott 2, and D. Berry 1 1 Teagasc, Moorepark, Ireland & 2 Sheep Ireland Sheep Breeders
More information8/23/2018. Gastrointestinal Parasites. Gastrointestinal Parasites. Haemonchus contortus or Barber Pole Worm. Outline
8/23/218 Genetic Selection for Parasite Management Texas Sheep and Goat Expo, San Angelo, TX, August 18, 217 Joan M Burke Research Animal Scientist USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center Booneville,
More informationMLA and AWI Wool and Sheepmeat Survey Report - Sheepmeat August, 2017 Prepared by Kynetec
MLA and AWI Wool and Sheepmeat Survey Report - Sheepmeat August, 2017 Prepared by Kynetec Contents Executive Summary 3 Background and Purpose 4 Methodology 5 Survey Respondents 7 MLA Sheep Producing Regions
More informationThe South African National Small Stock Improvement Scheme
The South African National Small Stock Improvement Scheme J.J. Olivier () ARC Animal Improvement Institute, Private Bag X9, Middelburg, South Africa Introduction The economic viability of any business
More informationIs it fit to load? selection of animals fit. A national guide to the. Revised edition to transport
A national guide to the selection of animals fit to transport Revised edition 2012 Is it fit to load? This national guide is endorsed by the below organisations: Australian Livestock & Property Agents
More informationEverGraze: pastures to improve lamb weaning weights
EverGraze: pastures to improve lamb weaning weights S.M. Robertson and M.A. Friend EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga
More informationFARM INNOVATION Final Report
FARM INNOVATION 2017-2018 Final Report Applicant: Sheep Producers Association of Nova Scotia (SPANS) Brad McCallum, Executive Director 60 Research Drive Bible Hill, NS B6L 2R2 Project Title: Project number:
More informationOPTIMISING HEIFER HEALTH: SOUTHERN BEEF PROGRAM. Give your heifers the best chance of reproductive success.
OPTIMISING HEIFER HEALTH: SOUTHERN BEEF PROGRAM Give your heifers the best chance of reproductive success. This program is designed to help cattle producers manage their herd more effectively and achieve
More informationTHE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GENOTYPES AND HOUSING ENVIRONMENTS IN THE DOMESTIC HEN
THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GENOTYPES AND HOUSING ENVIRONMENTS IN THE DOMESTIC HEN B Y G. M C B RIDE * Summary A study was made of the egg production and egg weight of a flock of Australorp pullets in which
More informationEwes for the future. lambs, wool & profit. Section 2: Main results. Background. Comparing lambing percentages in ewe trials
Section 2: Main results Background What s the best sheep type for a combination of prime lamb and wool production? This question has been debated by sheep producers for years. In January 29, the Elmore
More informationEAAP 2010 Annual Meeting Session 43, Paper #2 Breeding and Recording Strategies in Small Ruminants in the U.S.A.
EAAP 2010 Annual Meeting Session 43, Paper #2 Breeding and Recording Strategies in Small Ruminants in the U.S.A. David Notter Dept. of Animal & Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech drnotter@vt.edu The U.S. National
More information2018 BREECH FLYSTRIKE RD&E TECHNICAL UPDATE. Moving to a Non- Mules Merino Enterprise. Geoff Lindon AWI 17 July 2018
2018 BREECH FLYSTRIKE RD&E TECHNICAL UPDATE Moving to a Non- Mules Merino Enterprise Geoff Lindon AWI 17 July 2018 Moving to a Non Mules Enterprise Case Study Findings of interviews with 40 Non Mules Merino
More informationUnderstanding EBV Accuracy
Understanding EBV Accuracy An important step when making selection decisions using BREEDPLAN Estimated Breeding Values (EBV) is the consideration of EBV accuracy. The following information provides a guide
More informationCatherine Gulliver. Collaborators: Dr Edward Clayton, Dr Michael Friend, Dr John Wilkins, Dr Belinda King, Dr Susan Robertson
Catherine Gulliver Collaborators: Dr Edward Clayton, Dr Michael Friend, Dr John Wilkins, Dr Belinda King, Dr Susan Robertson Outline Background Why alter sex ratio? Factors affecting sex ratio? Maternal
More informationReasons for an Autumn Lambing Programme in the Western District of Victoria
Reasons for an Autumn Lambing Programme in the Western District of Victoria W. W EATHERLY* Summary The advantages and disadvantages of an autumn lambing are outlined. Advantages : The autumn lambing programme
More informationKey Information. Mountain Hill Vs Lowland Production. Breeding Strategy
Key Information Short day breeder (come into heat in autumn as the day length decreases) Length of oestrus = 17 day cycle Duration of oestrus = 36 hours Length of gestation = 147 days or 5 months Can birth
More informationMerino Sheep Breeding
Merino Sheep Breeding Trainer Guide Nicole Sallur (DPI&F, Qld), Michael Williams (NSW TAFE) and Tony Hamilton (DPI&F, Qld). Editor: Stan Jacobs (ByteDisk Pty Ltd) May 2008 Sheep CRC Ltd 2008 Authors: Nicole
More informationTUESDAY 21 FEBRUARY 45 WHITE SUFFOLK ALSO INTERFACED WITH EAST MIHI URALLA 100 MATERNAL COMPOSITE 1PM UNDERCOVER AUCTION
2017 RAM SALE TUESDAY 21 FEBRUARY 45 WHITE SUFFOLK 100 MATERNAL COMPOSITE EAST MIHI URALLA 1PM UNDERCOVER AUCTION ALSO INTERFACED WITH ANNUAL ON PROPERTY RAM SALE Maternal Composite rams (Lots 1 100) (Flock
More informationWean more lambs. John Webb Ware Mackinnon Project University of Melbourne
Wean more lambs John Webb Ware Mackinnon Project University of Melbourne Management before reproductive performance Stocking rate is most important Benefit of increasing lambing % greatest if understocked
More informationAssessment Schedule 2012 Agricultural and Horticultural Science: Demonstrate knowledge of livestock management practices (90921)
NCEA Level 1 Agricultural and Horticultural Science (90921) 2012 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2012 Agricultural and Horticultural Science: Demonstrate knowledge of livestock management practices (90921)
More informationMLA and AWI Wool and Sheepmeat Survey Report - Sheepmeat November, 2017 Prepared by Kynetec
MLA and AWI Wool and Sheepmeat Survey Report - Sheepmeat November, 2017 Prepared by Kynetec Contents Executive Summary 3 Background and Purpose 4 Methodology 5 Survey Respondents 7 MLA Sheep Producing
More informationSheep CRC Conference Proceedings
Sheep CRC Conference Proceedings Document ID: Title: SheepCRC_22_8 What is the optimum wool-meat enterprise mix? Author: Warn, L.K.; Geenty, K.G.; McEachern, S. Key words: sheep; wool; meat; balance; Grassgro;
More informationEPIDIDYMITIS IN RANGE
Animal Health Fact Sheet July 1997 EPIDIDYMITIS IN RANGE AND PUREBRED RAMS Clell V. Bagley, DVM, Extension Veterinarian and Mark C. Healey, DVM, PhD Utah State University, Logan UT 84322-5600 AH/Sheep/14
More informationManaging your flock during the breeding season
Managing your flock during the breeding season Dr. Tim Keady Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Co Galway. Introduction A key factor influencing profitability from prime
More informationA New Index for Mastitis Resistance
A New Index for Mastitis Resistance F. Miglior, * A. Koeck, * G. Kistemaker and B.J. Van Doormaal * Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph Canadian Dairy Network Guelph, Ontario,
More informationBreeding and feeding for more lambs. Andrew Thompson & Mark Ferguson
Breeding and feeding for more lambs Andrew Thompson & Mark Ferguson What ewe type do you/your clients predominantly run? A) Fine and super fine Merino B) Medium Merino C) Meat Merino (Including Dohnes
More information