Intestinal Apicomplexans

Transcription

1 Itestial Apicomplexas Cystoisospora (= Isospora)

2 Protozoa Groups Historically, protozoa have bee grouped by mode of motility. Flagellates Hemoflagellates Trypaosoma cruzi Leishmaia ifatum Mucoflagellates Tritrichomoas foetus Giardia spp. Ciliates Balatidium coli Amoeba Etameoba histolytica Apicomplexas Itestial Apicomplexas Cryptosporidium parvum Eimeria spp. Cystoisospora spp. Systemic Apicomplexas Toxoplasma godii Neospora caium Sarcocystis cruzi, S. euroa Blood Apicomplexas Babesia bigemia, Babesia cais, B. gibsoi Cytauxzoo felis

3 Cystoisopora spp. Commo Coccidias of Pets ad Pigs

4 Morphology Oocyst Species-specific size, shape, -usually oval to spherical, sigle-cell embryo whe passed = usporulated Sporulated oocyst cotais 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each = 8 sporozoites total

5 Life Cycle Trasmissio OR Direct life cycle fecal-oral, igestio of oocyst (homoxeous) Facultative Idirect life cycle -- Rodet or bird parateic host (heteroxeous) Ivasio Sporozoites excyst from oocyst ad ivade eterocyte OR Sporozoite excyst from prey tissue ad ivade eterocyte

6 Life Cycle Asexual reproductio Merogoy (schizogoy) [multi-uclear divisio followed by cytoplasmic divisio] Merozoites exit the eterocyte ad ifect other eterocytes ad goes through merogoy agai. Number of asexual cycles ad umber of merozoites per merogoy is species-specific.

7 Life Cycle Sexual reproductio Fial geeratio of merozoites exit the eterocyte, ifect other eterocytes, ad go through gametogoy (productio of gametes) Macrogamete (egg) Some fial merozoites remai a sigle cell ad become a macrogamete (egg) withi a macrogamot. Microgametes (sperm) Others fial merozoites go through multi-uclear divisio, cytoplasmic divisio, ad develop 2 flagella (bi-flagellate) o each gamete; thus formig a microgamot Exflagellatio whe microgametes exit the microgamot i search of a macrogamete. Fertilizatio a microgamete fuses with a macrogamete formig a zygote A cyst wall forms aroud the zygote ad the immature oocyst exits the macrogamot ito the lume of the host s gut ad is passed i the feces.

8 Life Cycle Dissemiatio Oocysts (usporulated) exit the host i the feces ad cotamiate the eviromet. Sporogoy (= Sporulatio) Sporogoy occurs i the eviromet. Appropriate temperature, moisture, ad oxyge are required for sporogoy. Some species ca take as little as 1 day to sporulate i optimal coditios After sporulatio, the oocyst is ready for trasmissio to the ext host. OR Igestio of sporulated oocyst by defiitive host Igestio of sporulated oocyst by parateic host & sporozoites ecyst i tissue of parateic host = cystozoite.

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10 Detailed

11 Need to Kow

12 Pathology Pathology = Diarrhea Destructio of eterocytes Causig malabsorptio, destructio of epithelial liig ad hemorrhagic ulcers. Icreased permeability, with loss of fluids ad sometimes blood ito the gut lume. Hyper-secretio ad icreased permeability due to immue respose.

13 Cliical Disease Complait Mild to moderate diarrhea loose, mucoid, sometimes watery; sometimes bloody Most ofte reported i ursig or recetly weaed pets Immuocompromised or Stressed aimals may break with coccidiosis Shippig Stress, Shelter Stress, Keel Stress

14 Diagosis Cliical Sigs Aimal age ad history Fecal Float Cetrifugatio Diarrhea may occur prior to oocyst excretio.

15 Treatmet Sulfa drugs Ex. Sulfadimethoxie (Albo) Albo, Bactrovet, or Tribrisse Although ofte used, efficacy agaist acute disease is uclear. Give supportive therapy for symptoms

16 Cotrol Saitatio Especially for youg ad aïve aimals Importat i keels & catteries Very importat for pig farrowig houses Prevet access to parateic hosts Maily rodets Good utritio importat Keep Stress Low

17 Epidemiology Cystoisospora spp. Ubiquitous Very, very host specific o cross-species trasmissio or zooosis Host risk factors Immuodeficiet: youg, stressed, poor utritio Evirometal risk factors Moist, usaitary coditios promote sporulatio of oocysts withi 2-4 days Access to parateic hosts (rodets, birds)

18 - caie Host species & Pathogeic Cystoisospora species. Caie Cystoisospora cais Large species, oval oocyst C. ohioesis Small species, spherical Cystoisospora cais

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20 - felie Host species & Pathogeic Cystoisospora species. Felie Cystoisospora felis Large oval oocyst, pathogeic for youg ad old kittes C. rivolta Small spherical oocyst, diarrhea i ew bor kittes

21 Large or Small bowel diarrhea

22 Host species & Cystoisospora - porcie Pathogeic Cystoisospora species. Swie Cystoisospora suis Neoatal DZ 1-2 week old piglets Diarrhea, dehydratio, weight loss -- (High morbidity, Low mortality) must distiguish b/w coccidiosis v/s viral or bacterial piglet diseases Icreased piglet age; the decreased susceptibility ad decreased pathology Immuity complete agaist reifectio. Rigorous saitatio w/ steam cleaig ad detergets. Slatted floors. Coccidiostats have prove to be ieffective. Also 8 Eimeria spp. o-pathogeic, but eed to sporulate oocysts for idetificatio.

23 suis Cystoisospora - porcie

24 Piglet Scours Cystoisospora - porcie

25 I-Class Discussio A 6 moth old kitte is brought i with diarrhea. What is your diagosis?

26 I-Class Discussio Name that Coccidia From a Goat

27 I-Class Discussio Name that Coccidia From Sheep

28 I-Class Discussio Name that Coccidia From a Turkey

29 I-Class Discussio Name that Coccidia From Dog

30 I-Class Discussio Name that Coccidia From Horse

31 I-Class Discussio Name that Coccidia From Cat

32 I-Class Discussio Name that Coccidia From Cow

33 I-Class Discussio Name that Coccidia From Piglet

34 What your expected to kow See Review Tables: Small Aimal Diarrhea Protozoa Large Aimal Diarrhea Protozoa Posted o-lie at Parasitology Website: lecture.html The iformatio i the review tables is basic iformatio that you should kow. You should also be able to use that iformatio via critical thikig to aswer more complex case-based questios.