04/02/2013. Parasites and breeding dogs: These parasites we don t hear so much about. Main internal parasites found in breeding kennels
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1 Parasites and breeding dogs: These parasites we don t hear so much about Main internal parasites found in breeding kennels Isospora sp. Giardia sp. Toxocara canis Something else? Breeders burden I m kind of predisposed to I m a breeder «strange stuffs»!!!!! 1
2 Main syndromes encountered in kennels? CAN THEY BE PARASITE-RELATED??? Those GI Parasites we don t hear so much about Cryptosporidium spp Baylisascaris procyonis Tritrichomonas foetus Baylisascaris procyonis 2
3 Baylisascaris procyonis Roundworm known as The raccoon s ascaris Prevalence in raccoons population: 68-82% Baylisascaris procyonis: why is it problematic? POTENTIAL SEVERE HUMAN ZOONOSIS Baylisascaris procyonis: why is it problematic? But is it something really frequent? FORTUNATELY NOT! HOWEVER AWARENESS IS MANDATORY!!! 3
4 Baylisascaris procyonis: why? BECAUSE DOGS CAN BE INFECTED TOO!!! Similar problem then than with Toxocara canis Baylisascaris procyonis: what to do? Main source of contamination = raccoons feces SANTITARY PROPHYLAXIS ++++!!! Baylisascaris procyonis: medical prevention? NO LICENSED EFFICACIOUS TREATMENT IN DOGS BUT 4
5 Baylisascaris procyonis and dogs? Cryptosporidium parvum Cryptosporidium spp Protozoa, parasite of the GI tract in birds, reptiles and mammals Prevalence in dogs: up to 45% ZOONOSIS, may affect immunocompromised human beings Found in 20% of our canine fecal samples*** 5
6 Cryptosporidium spp in dogs Main clinical expression? MAINLY ASYMPTOMATIC!!! Diarrhea (reported in puppies or immunocompromised adults) usually resistantto usual treatments Should be suspected in breeding facilities in the event of acute preweaning diarrhoeas transmissible from puppies to humans or any other species present on the breeding premises (2-week-old calves in particular). Cryptosporidium spp in dogs Cryptosporidium spp in dogs Highly resistant cysts excreted in the environment!!!! 6
7 Cryptosporidium spp in dogs SANITARY PROPHYLAXIS IS KEY! FOCUS ON CLEANING AND DISINFECTING +++ TO AVOID Overpopulation TO DO Mixing species Cryptosporidium spp in dogs Medical treatment? Trichomoniasis 7
8 Trichomoniasis Protozoa, Trichomonadidae Internet PARASITE feeds on the host s fluids and bacterial flora Trichomoniasis: clinical signs Symptoms in cats: large bowel diarrhea Trichomoniasis in dogs??? 262 dogs (188 puppies/74 dams), 427 samples (288 in puppies/139 in dams) 34% puppies/ 11% dams positive No significant association with diarrhea but FUTURE WILL TELL 8
9 Trichomoniasis in general FRAGILE ++++ in the outside environment Internet PREDOMINANT CONTAMINATION ROUTE: HOST TO HOST TRANSMISSION Trichomoniasis: what to do from the breeder s side in cats? Focus on hygiene: Sectorization Litter boxes ++++ Isolation Those respiratory parasites we don t hear much about Oslerus osleri Crenosoma vulpis Capillaria aerophila 9
10 Oslerus osleri Oslerus osleri Contagious respiratory helminthosis Specific to Canidae Oslerus osleri: clinical signs Chronic tracheobronchitis not responding to usual treatments 10
11 Oslerus osleri: predisposing factors Puppies Again, breeders are PREDISPOSED Kennel cough Coprophagia Oslerus osleri: transmission No in utero transmission Long prepatence ( 10 weeks) Direct contact essentially No intermediate host Oslerusosleri: how to diagnose it? Fecal flotation on coughing dogs Prognosis rather favorable with adequate treatment Bronchoscopy + biopsy of the nodules 11
12 Crenosoma vulpis Crenosoma vulpis Contagious respiratory helminthosis Foxes are the main hosts Crenosoma vulpis: the cycle 12
13 Crenosoma vulpis: predisposing factors Puppies Kennel cough Coprophagia Contact with foxes Capillaria aerophila Capillaria aerophila Contagious respiratory helminthosis Parasites of: - Canines - Felines - Mustelids - Human beings Quite similar to Crenosoma vulpis infection 13
14 Respiratory parasites: what is the most important prophylactic measure? QUARANTINE!!!! Those Repro Parasites we don t hear so much about Toxoplasma gondii Neospora caninum Toxoplasma gondii aka Toxoplasmosis Protozoa Obligate intracellular parasite Definitive host = domestic cat But all warm blood mammals can be infected! 14
15 Toxoplasma gondii: the cycle Three main modes of contamination: - Ingestion of infected tissues - Ingestion of oocyst contaminated food or water - Congenital infection Toxoplasma gondii: clinical symptoms in dogs? Severity of the clinical signs depends on degree and localization of tissue injury Generalized form (dogs< 1year) Neural/muscular affections in older dogs Many dogs are asymptomatic Various clinical signs, not easy to recognize!!! Specific treatment Usually good prognosis if diagnosed early Toxoplasma gondii in dogs If infection during pregnancy Placentatitis Abortion Neonatal mortality An underdiagnosed cause of fertility failure? 15
16 Toxoplasma gondii in dogs: prevention Prevent oocyte shedding in the environment Prevent dogs to have access to contaminated environment Toxoplasma gondii in dogs: prevention Focus on sanitary prophylaxis again!!! Sectorization Avoid raw feeding! Appropriate cleaning /disinfecting Neospora caninum in dogs aka Neosporosis Protozoa Definitive host = domestic dog/coyotes But all warm blood mammals can be infected! 16
17 Neospora caninum in dogs Principal way of contamination: Transplacental+++ Oral Infected dogs can shed oocysts for months!!! Seroprevalence 20% Neospora caninum: clinical signs in infected dogs similar to Toxoplasmosis Puppies < 6 months Ascending paralysis of the limbs Gradual muscle atrophy Stiffness Cervical weakness Dysphagia Megaoesophagus Older dogs CNS signs (paresis, ataxia, tremors, seizures) Polymyositis But what about the reproductive function??? Neospora caninum and reproduction Neosporacaninumis one of the first pathogen causing abortion in cattle!!! 17
18 Neospora caninum and reproduction in dogs Neosporacaninum: a cause of fertility failure in the bitch? Toxoplasma gondii in dogs: prevention Focus on sanitary prophylaxis again!!! Sectorization Avoid raw feeding! Appropriate cleaning /disinfecting Conclusion Fact: there are plenty of parasites out there Breeders ARE predisposed to encounter rare things BE PREPARED! SANITARY PROPHYLAXIS
19 Thank you for your attention!!! Follow us!!! 19
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