Feline herpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) and feline

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Feline herpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) and feline"

Transcription

1 Joural of Felie Medicie ad Surgery (2009) 11, 1023e1027 doi: /j.jfms SHORT COMMUNICATION Felie herpesvirus 1 ad felie calicivirus ifectios i a heterogeeous cat populatio of a rescue shelter Agélique Zicola DVM, MSc 1, Claude Saegerma DVM, MSc, PhD, DipECVPH 2, Domiique Quatpers DVM 1, Julie Viadier DVM 1, Etiee Thiry DVM, MSc, PhD, DipECVPH 1 * 1 Virology ad Viral Diseases, Departmet of Ifectious ad Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veteriary Medicie, Uiversity of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium 2 Epidemiology ad Risk Aalysis Applied to Veteriary scieces, Departmet of Ifectious ad Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veteriary Medicie, Uiversity of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium Date accepted: 29 May 2009 Felie herpesvirus 1 () ad felie calicivirus (), associated with upper respiratory tract disease, are highly prevalet i cats worldwide. With the aim to ivestigate the importace of felie respiratory viruses i a heterogeeous populatio of cats, samples were take i a rescue shelter i Liège, Belgium, betwee March 2005 ad August Reverse trascriptio polymerase chai reactio (RT-PCR) ad polymerase chai reactio (PCR) were performed to diagose ad ifectio i the sampled cats. The prevalece rate (33.1%) was higher for tha for (20.1%) whereas prevalece rate of co-ifectio with both viruses was 10%. Gigivitis was more commo i ifectios (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 2.83) whereas respiratory sigs were more ofte observed with ifectios. The average age was sigificatly higher i positive cats (38 moths) tha i positive cats (29.9 moths). The secod ad the fourth quarters of the year ad the two first quarters were sigificatly more at risk tha the others i the case of ad ifectio, respectively. Age was foud to be a cofoudig factor. High prevalece of both ifectios stregthes the importace of applyig hygieic ad prevetive measures i rescue shelters where cats with a ukow status of vacciatio are itroduced. Ó 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd o behalf of ESFM ad AAFP. Felie herpesvirus 1 () ad felie calicivirus () are the mai agets ivolved i the felie upper respiratory tract disease (URTD). 1,2 These viruses are resposible for acute illess ad may also be the cause of recurret or chroic lesios. is a double-straded DNA virus, member of the Varicellovirus geus of the subfamily Alphaherpesviriae. 3,4 It has a tropism for asal epithelial ad cojuctival cells ad for eurocytes. 5 Trigemial gaglia are the site of latet ifectio 6 ad viral reactivatio ca occur durig a stress period. 7 is a sigle-straded positive-sese RNA virus i the family Caliciviridae, geus Vesivirus. There is cosiderable geetic diversity withi ; withi a strai, geetic variatio teds to be higher i edemically ifected cat populatios. 8,9 The most likely hypothesis is that circulatig virus is subjected to a positive selectio pressure iduced by the immue respose of ifected cats, leadig to virus evolutio ad the geeratio of ew strais. 9 Furthermore, *Correspodig author. etiee.thiry@ulg.ac.be such evolutio may also i part explai vaccie protectio failures agaist wild-type. 9,10 The aim of this logitudial study was to gai a better kowledge of the epidemiology of felie respiratory viruses i a heterogeeous populatio of cats i a rescue shelter that experieces a cotiuous turover of aimals. Oral swabs ad polymerase chai reactio (PCR) aalyses allowed the study of ad prevalece, ad also cliical sigs caused by sigle or mixed ifectios. Viral ifectios were ivestigated irrespectively of the cliical status of the aimal. The ivestigatios aalysed the effect of several risk factors, ie, sex, age ad seaso, o ad ifectios. For each cat, age, sex, vaccie used at his arrival ad cliical sigs were recorded by the same two veteriarias: presece or absece of gigivitis, salivatio, oral ulcers, lacrymatio, cojuctivitis, asal discharge, seezig, stertor or cough. A total of 299 cats from the Société Royale Protectrice des Aimaux (SRPA), Liège, were icluded i the study. The sample size was calculated accordig to a populatio size of 1500 cats (average umber of cats eterig SRPA durig 1 year), a expected X/09/ $36.00/0 Ó 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd o behalf of ESFM ad AAFP.

2 1024 A Zicola et al prevalece of 40% 2 ad a accepted error of 5% with a cofidece iterval (CI) of 95%. Average age of the sampled cats was 34 moths (2e180). A average of 21 cats (from 16 to 26) i the quaratie area was sampled (oe selected radomly i order of appearace whe eterig each cage) every moth, betwee March 2005 ad August Each cat was sampled oce. The quaratie area was used for puttig i ew arrivals, i case they were icubatig somethig. Oropharygeal swabs were collected ad placed i 2 ml of culture medium (Gibco MEM supplemeted with atibiotics) ad stored i the laboratory at 4 C. Each sample was ioculated o cofluet moolayers of susceptible Cradell Rees felie kidey (CrFK) cells ad icubated at 37 C i a moist atmosphere with 5% CO 2 for 3 days ad examied for characteristic cytopathic effects (CPEs). Viral ucleic (RNA ad DNA) acid was extracted from the superatat of each ioculated moolayer by usig QIAamp viral RNA mii spi protocol (Qiage, Hilde, Germay). Two sets of primers, with a cocetratio of 400 M, for calicivirus detectio were used. A covetioal reverse trascriptio polymerase chai reactio (RT- PCR) for polymerase gee detectio of usig the set of primers p30f/p30r was performed to amplify a 126 base pair (bp) sequece of p30 gee. 11 The primer pair V2F/V2R was used to amplify a 700 bp sequece of the capsid protei VP1gee. 12 The Access RT-PCR System kit from Promega was used with 3 ml of RNA template ad accordig to maufacturer s istructios. Aealig i the RT-PCR cycle was performed at 60 C for p30 primer pairs ad at 61 C for V2 primer pairs for 30 s. A amplificatio with oe of the two primers pairs idicated that the sample was positive for. The set of primers gc-r/gc-f, with a cocetratio of 100 M, was used to diagose by the amplificatio of a 500 bp sequece located i the gee codig for glycoprotei gc. 13 PCR was carried out usig 2e5 uits of Taq DNA polymerase (Biolabs, Leusde, The Netherlads) ad 5 ml of DNA template, aealig performed at 59 C for 1 mi. Negative cotrols were performed i each test by addig water ad superatat of uifected CrFK cells i the place of the ucleic acid template. PCR positive cotrols were performed with vaccie strais. For detectio, 5 ml of the cotrol were used (75.11 g/ml), whereas for detectio, oly 3 ml of the cotrol were used (62.72 g/ml). PCR product sizes were determied by agarose gel electrophoresis ad ethidium bromide staiig. The ifectio prevalece of ad was estimated usig a biomial exact distributio. The mea age differece of ifected cats with or was assessed with the Welch s test (P 0.05). 14 Sex ad quarter of year effects, ad relatio betwee cliical sigs observed ad virus ifectio were aalysed usig a c 2 test ad by mea of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI; a P value < 0.05 was cosidered as sigificat. 15 The possible relatioship betwee the ifectio level with or i cats for differet quarters of the year was assessed by a CochraeMateleHaeszel (CMH) method (OR MH ). The BresloweDay test was used to evaluate the homogeeity of the ORs. The prevalece rate of aloe, 33.1% (99/299) (95% CI: 27.8e38.8%), durig the observatio period, was higher tha the, without ifectio, prevalece rate, 20.1% (60/299) (95% CI: 15.7e25.1%), ad tha the prevalece of co-ifectio with both viruses, 10% (30/299) (95% CI: 6.8e14%). Table 1 shows that the use of two primer pairs was appropriate as some samples were positive for oly with oe of the two primers sets. Furthermore, eve without obtaiig a CPE, some samples were foud positive by RT-PCR o the ifected cell culture superatat (Table 1). Amog the 67 samples that reacted egative to RT-PCR but showed a CPE, 49 were foud positive (Table 1). The remaiig 18 samples which appeared to show CPE but were egative by PCR for both viruses may have bee cotamiated with fugi or bacteria at samplig time or alteratively the apparet CPE was due to possible toxic effects of the samples o the cells: further cell passage of the ioculated cultures may have clarified this. It is also possible that there may have bee sesitivity issues with the PCRs used, particularly for. Ideed the RT-PCR performed with the coserved polymerase p30 gee 11 was more sesitive (116 positives detected) tha that performed o the hypervariable regio of the capsid protei gee 12 (79 positives detected) (Table 1). Thus usig both primer pairs for clearly helped maximise the overall sesitivity of detectio, but because of the Table 1. RT-PCR results with the two primer pairs for detectio i ifected cell culture superatat (p30: RT-PCR with p30 primer pair; V2: RT-PCR with V2 primer pair) compared with the PCR results CPE RT-PCR PCR positive samples p30 V2 N N þ þ þ þ þ þ þ 11 0 þ 15 3 þ CPE ¼ cytopathic effect; ¼ felie calicivirus; RT- PCR ¼ reverse trascriptio polymerase chai reactio; ¼ felie herpesvirus 1; PCR ¼ polymerase chai reactio; N ¼ Number of aimals.

3 Table 2. Adjusted ORs calculated for selected cliical sigs betwee four groups of aimals ( group ( ¼ 99), group ( ¼ 60), ad group ( ¼ 30) ad group without viral ifectio ( ¼ 110)) Cliical sigs ad lesios Number of aimals by group, FeHV- 1, &,, & OR (95% CI)* & & Gigivitis (1.53e5.23) þ0.66(0.33e1.29) 0.71(0.30e1.67) 1.85(0.90e3.80) 0.93(0.36e2.36) 2.00(0.82e4.88) Salivatio (0.14e83.57) 7.00(0.76e64.18) 7.00(0.61e80.07) 17.6 (0.93e332.73) 1.00(0.17e5.79) 19.39(0.91e415.20) Oral ulcers (0.54e15.15) 0.99(0.23e4.30) 0.65(0.07e5.78) 2.84(0.46e17.50) 1.53(0.15e15.33) 1.86(0.16e21.26) Other oral lesios (0.01e3.03) 1.64(0.03e83.97) 3.26(0.06e167.90) 0.25 (0.01e5.00) 0.50(0.01e26.03) 0.50(0.03e10.02) Lacrymatio (0.57e7.11) 2.02(0.69e5.89) 3.29(1.01e10.69) þ 4.08(1.17e14.16) þ 0.62(0.19e1.97) 6.63(1.73e25.31) þ Cojuctivitis (0.15e2.82) 1.68(0.33e8.63) 0.45(0.02e8.90) 1.11(0.25e4.79) 3.71(0.19e74.25) 0.31(0.02e5.85) Nasal discharge (0.61e4.14) 3.71(1.62e8.50) þ 4.00(1.49e10.71) þ 5.91(2.40e14.56) þ 0.93(0.36e2.36) 6.38(2.24e18.14) þ Seezig (0.52e2.96) 7.25(3.30e15.94)þ 9.48(3.70e24.30) þ 9.00(4.03e20.08) þ 0.76(0.32e1.85) 11.77(4.53e30.54) þ Stertor (0.27e4.59) 3.65(1.05e12.71)þ 2.64(0.55e12.52) 4.08(1.17e14.16) þ 1.38(0.34e5.65) 2.94(0.62e13.95) Cough (0.01e9.11) 1.64(0.03e83.97) 3.26(0.06e167.9) 0.60(0.02e15.04) 0.50(0.01e26.03) 1.20(0.05e30.12) ¼ without viral ifectio; ¼ umber of aimals with cliical sigs; þ: Risk factor statistically sigificat at P *OR was adjusted whe values of zero caused problems for OR calculatios (adjustmet of Greier). ad ifectios i a heterogeeous cat populatio 1025

4 1026 A Zicola et al high sequece variability see i there may still have bee other strais which were ot detectable with the primer pairs used. c 2 tests showed o sigificat differece (P > 0.05) betwee sex ad origi of ifectio. O the other had, Welch s test demostrated that the average age of positive cats was 38 moths, which was sigificatly higher tha the average age of positive cats (29.9 moths; P 0.05). It was also higher tha the average age of uifected cats (32 moths). I breedig catteries, ad isolatio i cats of 4e11 moths old were positively associated with respiratory tract disease. 16 This differece betwee the ivestigated rescue shelter ad breedig catteries ca be explaied by stressful coditios ad high turover i the cat populatio. I the secod ad the fourth quarters of the year, cats were sigificatly more frequetly ifected by tha the two other quarters (c 2 ¼ 7.96, P ¼ 0.005) (OR ¼ 2.07 (95% CI: 1.24e3.43)). The possible relatioship betwee age ad seaso was assessed for, by a CMH test (OR MH ¼ 2.01 (95% CI: 1.23e3.35)). The age of aimals was foud to be a cofoudig factor for the seaso because the crude OR was higher tha the OR calculated for each age stratum: less tha 1 year old(or:2.60(95%ci:0.90e7.47)), 1 year old (OR: 1.00 (95% CI: 0.26e3.93)), 2 years old (OR: 2.50 (95% CI: 0.71e8.80)), 3 years old (OR: 5.27 (95% CI: 1.59e17.5)), ad more tha 3 years (OR: 1.04 (95% CI: 0.37e2.88)). The Breslow test showed that the coditioal ORs were homogeeously distributed (P ¼ 0.30). I the two first quarters, cats were sigificatly more frequetly ifected by the tha i the two later quarters (c 2 ¼ 11.4, P ¼ 0.001) (OR ¼ 2.28 (95% CI: 1.41e3.69)). The possible relatioship betwee age ad seaso was assessed for, by a CMH test (OR MH ¼ 2.33 (95% CI: 1.44e3.80)). The age of aimals was foud to be a cofoudig factor for the seaso because the crude OR was higher tha the OR calculated for each age stratum: less tha 1 year old (OR: 1.18 (95% CI: 0.41e3.37)), 1 year old (OR: 6.13 (95% CI: 1.95e19.26)), 2yearsold(OR:8.00(95%CI:1.45e44.30)), 3 years old (OR: 1.68 (95% CI: 0.48e5.85)), ad more tha 3 years (OR: 1.59 (95% CI: 0.65e3.88)). The Breslow test showed that the coditioal ORs were homogeeously distributed (P ¼ 0.12). Adjusted OR revealed a relatioship betwee virus ifectio ad selected cliical sigs (Table 2). However, 31.2% of sampled cats did ot show ay cliical sig i spite of positive PCR diagosis for or (59/ 189). I cases of positive cats exhibitig cliical sigs, gigivitis was domiat (OR ¼ 2.83, CI: 1.53e5.23). Respiratory sigs like asal discharge (OR ¼ 3.71, CI: 1.62e8.50; OR ¼ 5.91, CI: 2.40e14.56), seezig (OR ¼ 7.25, CI: 3.30e15.94; OR ¼ 9.00, CI: 4.03e20.08), stertor (OR ¼ 3.65, CI: 1.05e12.71; OR ¼ 4.08, CI: 1.17e14.16) ad lacrymatio (OR ¼ 4.08, CI: 1.17e14.16) were maily reported i ifected cats (Table 2). A age effect was demostrated i cats ifected by ad, especially for that ifects youger cats. 16e18 These results could be explaied by the protectio of kittes by materally derived atibodies. Furthermore, a immue-mediated mechaism for the acquisitio of resistace to ifectio has bee postulated i older cats. 19 is rarely isolated from cliically healthy aimals 20 because latet carriers are ot expected to shed the virus at the precise time that they are sampled, 21 whereas is cotiuously shed by ifected cats. 22 I the ivestigated shelter, vacciatio coicides with the arrival of ew cats. However, vacciatio is kow to reduce but ot prevet viral excretio 4,23 ad thus cats already ifected o arrival or subsequetly ifected might still shed either or. The icrease i prevalece observed i sprig could be liked to the parturitio period i the orther hemisphere. Some sampled cats are probably latet carriers of, but virus detectio i swabs is oly possible durig reactivatioesheddig period. 2 The true prevalece rate of ifectio i the cat populatio from the SRPA i Liège is likely to be higher. The age of aimals was foud to be a cofoudig factor for the seaso. However, iteractios with other factors caot be defiitively excluded. Therefore further studies should iclude multivariable aalysis to take ito accout the possible effects of other parameters. I the case of ifectio with both viruses, the absece of lesios was rarely observed. This study shows that, i ifectio, the most commo lesios are oral lesios (47%) ad this observatio correlates with previous studies. 2 O the other had, i ifectio, respiratory lesios are ofte observed (38%). Thirtyoe per cet of sampled cats did ot show ay cliical sig i spite of positive PCR diagosis for viral ifectio. I most rescue shelters, cats with cliical sigs go ito quaratie the arrive, whereas i the absece of cliical sigs, they are directly put ito cotact with other cats. This situatio allows a quick propagatio of the ifectios from subcliical shedders. 24 As the high prevalece of ad ifectios associated with oral ad respiratory sigs are observed i rescue shelters, hygieic measures ad prevetio play a pivotal role to cotrol diseases i such facilities, 25 where the cat populatio is very heterogeeous ad where the vacciatio ad ifectio status of itroduced aimals are ukow. Ackowledgmets The authors wish to thak the Société Royale Protectrice des Aimaux i Liège ad, especially, Domiique Ziat ad Lorèe Dams for their ivaluable techical support, ad Sarah Porter for her help revisig the mauscript. Refereces 1. Baasch MJ, Foley JE. Epidemiologic evaluatio of multiple respiratory pathoges i cats i aimal shelters. J Felie Med Surg 2005; 7: 109e19.

5 ad ifectios i a heterogeeous cat populatio Gaskell RM, Radford AD, Dawso S. Felie ifectious respiratory diseases. I: Chadler EA, Gaskell CJ, Gaskell RM, eds. Felie medicie ad therapeutics 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishig, 2004: 577e Pederse NC. Felie herpesvirus type I (felie rhiotracheitis virus). I: Appel M, ed. Virus ifectios of carivores. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987: 227e Gaskell R, Dawso S, Radford A, Thiry E. Felie herpesvirus. Vet Res 2007; 38: 337e Thiry E. Felie viral rhiotracheitis. Cliical virology of the dog ad cat. Maisos-Alfort: Editio du Poit Vétériaire, 2006: 91e7. 6. Gaskell RM, Deis PE, Goddard LE, Cocker FM, Wills JM. Isolatio of felid herpesvirus I from the trigemial gaglia of latetly ifected cats. J Ge Virol 1985; 66: 391e4. 7. Gaskell RM, Povey RC. Trasmissio of felie viral rhiotracheitis. Vet Rec 1982; 111: 359e Coye KP, Gaskell RM, Dawso S, Porter CJ, Radford AD. Evolutioary mechaisms of persistece ad diversificatio of a calicivirus withi edemically ifected atural host populatios. J Virol 2007; 81: 1961e Radford AD, Dawso S, Ryvar R, et al. High geetic diversity of the immuodomiat regio of the felie calicivirus capsid gee i edemically ifected cat coloies. Virus Gees 2003; 27: 145e Lauritze A, Jarrett O, Sabara M. Serological aalysis of felie calicivirus isolates from the Uited States ad Uited Kigdom. Vet Microbiol 1997; 56: 55e Scase BA, Wise AG, Kruger JM, Veta PJ, Maes RK. Evaluatio of a p30 gee-based real-time reverse trascriptase polymerase chai reactio assay for detectio of felie caliciviruses. J Vet Iter Med 2004; 18: 135e Sykes JE, Alle JL, Studdert VP, Browig GF. Detectio of felie calicivirus, felie herpesvirus 1 ad Chlamydia psittaci mucosal swabs by multiplex RT-PCR/PCR. Vet Microbiol 2001; 81: 95e Willemse MJ, Chalmers WS, Croeberg AM, Pfudt R, Strijdvee IG, Sodermeijer PJ. The gee dowstream of the gc homologue i felie herpesvirus type 1 is ivolved i the expressio of virulece. J Ge Virol 1994; 75: 3107e Dagelie P. Statistique théorique et appliquée. Iterférece statistique à ue et à deux dimesios. Bruxelles: De Boeck & Larcier, Greier B. Utilisatio des ODDS das les tests associés ou séqueciels. Décicio médicale: aalyse et stratégie de la décisio das la pratique médicale. Paris: Masso, 1990: 102e Bis SH, Dawso S, Speakma AJ, et al. A study of felie upper respiratory tract disease with referece to prevalece ad risk factors for ifectio with felie calicivirus ad felie herpesvirus. J Felie Med Surg 2000; 2: 123e Coye MJ, Burr JHH, Yule TD, Hardig MJ, Tresa DB, McGavi D. Duratio of immuity i cats after vacciatio or aturally acquired ifectio. Vet Rec 2001; 149: 545e Pederse NC, Sato R, Foley JE, Polad AM. Commo virus ifectios i cats, before ad after beig placed i shelters, with emphasis o felie eteric coroavirus. J Felie Med Surg 2004; 6: 83e Coye KP, Dawso S, Radford AD, et al. Log-term aalysis of felie calicivirus prevalece ad viral sheddig patters i aturally ifected coloies of domestic cats. Vet Microbiol 2006; 118: 12e Holst BS, Berdtsso LT, Eglud L. Isolatio of felie herpesvirus-1 ad felie calicivirus from healthy cats i Swedish breedig catteries. J Felie Med Surg 2005; 7: 325e Field HJ, Biswas S, Mohammad IT, et al. Herpesvirus latecy ad therapydfrom a veteriary perspective. Ativiral Res 2006; 71: 127e Helps CR, Lait P, Damhuis A, et al. Factors associated with upper respiratory tract disease caused by felie herpesvirus, felie calicivirus, Chlamydophila felis ad Bordetella brochiseptica i cats: experiece from 218 Europea catteries. Vet Rec 2005; 156: 669e Radford AD, Dawso S, Coye KP, Porter CJ, Gaskell RM. The challege for the ext geeratio of felie calicivirus vaccies. Vet Microbiol 2006; 117: 14e Coye KP, Edwards D, Radford AD, et al. Logitudial molecular epidemiological aalysis of felie calicivirus ifectio i a aimal shelter: a model for ivestigatig calicivirus trasmissio withi high-desity, high-turover populatios. J Cli Microbiol 2007; 45: 3239e Edwards DS, Coye K, Dawso S, et al. Risk factors for time to diagosis of felie upper respiratory tract disease i UK aimal adoptio shelters. Prev Vet Med 2008; 87: 327e39. Available olie at

Effect of the genealogic line on milk production and prolificacy of the ewes from Synthetic Population Bulgarian Milk

Effect of the genealogic line on milk production and prolificacy of the ewes from Synthetic Population Bulgarian Milk 158 Bulgaria Joural of Agricultural Sciece, 19 (No 1) 2013, 158-162 Agricultural Academy Effect of the geealogic lie o milk productio ad prolificacy of the ewes from Sythetic Populatio Bulgaria Milk T.

More information

Introduction. Experimental Approach

Introduction. Experimental Approach Primig Effect of Melegestrol Acetate (MGA) ad Moesi o Puberty ad Subsequet Reproductive Performace i Crossbred Beef Heifers J. L. Roberts, R. P. Del Vecchio, G. T. Getry, Jr., D. Saders, P. E. Humes ad

More information

Mucoflagellates. Trichomonads & Giardia

Mucoflagellates. Trichomonads & Giardia Mucoflagellates Trichomoads & Giardia Protozoa Groups Historically, protozoa have bee grouped by mode of motility. Flagellates Hemoflagellates Trypaosoma cruzi Leishmaia ifatum Mucoflagellates Tritrichomoas

More information

Intestinal Apicomplexans

Intestinal Apicomplexans Itestial Apicomplexas Cystoisospora (= Isospora) Protozoa Groups Historically, protozoa have bee grouped by mode of motility. Flagellates Hemoflagellates Trypaosoma cruzi Leishmaia ifatum Mucoflagellates

More information

Selectively Breeding Sheep

Selectively Breeding Sheep Selectively Breedig Sheep ame Part 1: atural Selectio ad Selective Breedig What is atural selectio? What is selective breedig? What are the advatages of selective breedig? Give a example of selective breedig

More information

Control of parasite burdens in wild red grouse Lagopus

Control of parasite burdens in wild red grouse Lagopus Ecology 2002 39, Cotrol of parasite burdes i wild red grouse Lagopus Blackwell Sciece, Ltd lagopus scoticus through the idirect applicatio of athelmitics D. NEWBORN ad R. FOSTER The Game Coservacy Trust

More information

Cat owners survey Prepared for: Prepared by: Date of issue: Pam Whetnall Project Officer Dog and Cat Management Board

Cat owners survey Prepared for: Prepared by: Date of issue: Pam Whetnall Project Officer Dog and Cat Management Board Cat owers survey 2014 Prepared for: Pam Whetall Project Officer Dog ad Cat Maagemet Board Prepared by: Natasha Kapulski Research Associate for Marketig Sciece T. (08) 8302 0137 Date of issue: 7 April 2014

More information

Effect of mastitis and related-germ on milk yield and composition during naturally-occurring udder infections in dairy cows

Effect of mastitis and related-germ on milk yield and composition during naturally-occurring udder infections in dairy cows Aim. Res. 51 (2002) 383 393 INRA, EDP Scieces, 2002 DOI: 10.1051/aimres:2002031 383 Origial article Effect of mastitis ad related-germ o milk yield ad compositio durig aturally-occurrig udder ifectios

More information

The effects of Cosynch-56 protocol on pregnancy rates of cows and heifers presynchronized with a single dose of PGF 2α

The effects of Cosynch-56 protocol on pregnancy rates of cows and heifers presynchronized with a single dose of PGF 2α 90 KACAR (C.) AND COLLABORATORS The effects of Cosych-56 protocol o pregacy rates of cows ad heifers presychroized with a sigle dose of C. KACAR 1, N. C. LEHIMCIOGLU 2, H. ORAL 1, S. YILDIZ 2, S. KAYA

More information

Residential Aged Care Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2017 Residential Aged Care Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2017

Residential Aged Care Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2017 Residential Aged Care Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2017 Page: 1 Cumulative atibiograms specific for idividual health care facilities ca be a useful resource for local atimicrobial stewardship groups to iform empirical therapy recommedatios ad formulary maagemet.

More information

Residential Aged Care Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2018 Residential Aged Care Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2018

Residential Aged Care Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2018 Residential Aged Care Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2018 Page: 1 Cumulative atibiograms specific for idividual health care facilities ca be a useful resource for local atimicrobial stewardship groups to iform empirical therapy recommedatios ad formulary maagemet.

More information

Bacteraemia in Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria: A 2005 to 2009 study of some causative pathogens and fluoroquinolones activities against them

Bacteraemia in Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria: A 2005 to 2009 study of some causative pathogens and fluoroquinolones activities against them ISSN: 2231-3354 Received o: 14-09-2011 Revised o: 18-09-2011 Accepted o: 21-09-2011 Bacteraemia i Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria: A 2005 to 2009 study of some causative pathoges ad fluoroquioloes activities

More information

Niche Overlap and Diffuse Competition

Niche Overlap and Diffuse Competition Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 71, No. 5, pp. 21412145, May 1974 Niche Overlap ad Diffuse Competitio (desert lizards/resource partitioig/commuity structure/species diversity) ERIC R. PIANKA Departmet of

More information

Plasma homeostasis and cloacal urine composition in Crocodylus porosus caught along a salinity gradient

Plasma homeostasis and cloacal urine composition in Crocodylus porosus caught along a salinity gradient Plasma homeostasis ad cloacal urie compositio i Crocodylus porosus caught alog a saliity gradiet Gordo C. Grigg Zoology, A08, Uiversity of Sydey, Sydey, N.S.W. 2006, Australia Accepted April l, 1981 Summary.

More information

David J. Lewkowicz. Robert Lickliter. New "fork State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities

David J. Lewkowicz. Robert Lickliter. New fork State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Developmetal Psychology 9, Vol. 31. No. 4, 9-18 Copyright 9 by the America Psychological Associatio, Ic. OI2-149/9/S3.OO Itersesory Experiece ad Early Perceptual Developmet: Atteuated Preatal Sesory Stimulatio

More information

Kuroda s Identities. We find that Kuroda s Identities can be very useful in making the implementation of Richard s transformations more practicable.

Kuroda s Identities. We find that Kuroda s Identities can be very useful in making the implementation of Richard s transformations more practicable. 4//7 Kurodas Idetities 1/7 Kuroda s Idetities We fid that Kuroda s Idetities ca be very useful i makig the implemetatio of Richard s trasformatios more practicable. Kuroda s Idetities essetially provide

More information

Etiological investigation of multiple respiratory infections in cats

Etiological investigation of multiple respiratory infections in cats NEW MICROBIOLOGICA, 30, 455-461, 2007 Etiological investigation of multiple respiratory infections in cats B. Di Martino, C.E. Di Francesco, I. Meridiani, F. Marsilio Department of Comparative Biomedical

More information

B Handoko Daeng*, Analis Wisnu Wardhana**, Aris Widodo***, Hidayat Sujuti***, Karyono Mintaroem***, Edi Widjajanto***

B Handoko Daeng*, Analis Wisnu Wardhana**, Aris Widodo***, Hidayat Sujuti***, Karyono Mintaroem***, Edi Widjajanto*** Plasma CRH Level Differece Betwee Wistar Rats Exosed To Acute Stress Due To Predator ORIGINAL ARTICLE PLASMA CORTICOTROPINE RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) LEVEL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WISTAR RATS EXPOSED TO ACUTE

More information

Accelerate Your Antibody Discovery with High throughput Array SPR

Accelerate Your Antibody Discovery with High throughput Array SPR ccelerate Your tibod Discover with High throughput rra SPR December 10, 2018 Daiel ediger, PhD Seior Field pplicatios Scietist, Carterra Carterra Fouded i 2005, Salt Lake Cit, UT, as Wasatch Microfluidics

More information

Breeding, paternal behavior, and their interruptionin Betta splendens

Breeding, paternal behavior, and their interruptionin Betta splendens Aimal Learig & Behavior 1982,10 (2),145-151 Breedig, pateral behavior, ad their iterruptioi Betta spledes PAUL M. BRONSTEIN Uiversity ofmichiga, Flit, Michiga Seve experimets examied the reproductive activities

More information

All Hospitals Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2018 All Hospitals Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2018

All Hospitals Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2018 All Hospitals Antibiogram Jan - Dec 2018 Page: 1 Cumulative atibiograms specific for idividual health care facilities ca be a useful resource for local atimicrobial stewardship groups to iform empirical therapy recommedatios ad formulary maagemet.

More information

Some Physical Characteristics of Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolar)

Some Physical Characteristics of Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolar) PertaikaJ. Trop. Agric. Sci. 23(): 55-59 (2000) ISSN: 5-370 Uiversiti Putra Malaysia Press Some Physical Characteristics of Sambar Deer (Cervus uicolar) ISMAIL IDRIS, SAIDI MOIN 2, SAMTO SULAH 3 ad DAWEND

More information

How to control cat flu in a boarding cattery

How to control cat flu in a boarding cattery Show you care How to control cat flu in a boarding cattery A guide for cattery owners Introduction Cat flu remains a depressingly common experience, despite the important contribution made by vaccines.

More information

Sampling sites for detection of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus and Chlamydia felis in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease

Sampling sites for detection of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus and Chlamydia felis in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease 569615JFM0010.1177/1098612X15569615Journal of Feline Medicine and SurgerySchulz et al research-article2015 Original Article Sampling sites for detection of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus and

More information

April, 2018 vs. April, 2017

April, 2018 vs. April, 2017 Parterig with: The Isider s Isight Bechmark Report is a publicatio provided by the Veteriary Hospital Maagers Associatio (VHMA). The report tracks key ecoomic idicators to determie how VHMA member practices

More information

Nationwide Residues of Organochlorine Pesticides in Wings of Mallards and Black Ducks

Nationwide Residues of Organochlorine Pesticides in Wings of Mallards and Black Ducks Uiversity of Nebraska Licol DigitalCommos@Uiversity of Nebraska Licol US Fish & Wildlife Publicatios US Fish & Wildlife Service 91969 Natiowide Residues of Orgaochlorie Pesticides i Wigs of Mallards ad

More information

INFLUENCES OF HOUSING SYSTEMS AND SLAUGHTER WEIGHT ON THE MARKET REALIZATION OF SLAUGHTER PIGS BY SEUROP CLASSIFICATION

INFLUENCES OF HOUSING SYSTEMS AND SLAUGHTER WEIGHT ON THE MARKET REALIZATION OF SLAUGHTER PIGS BY SEUROP CLASSIFICATION ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS Volume 66 42 Number 2, 2018 https://doi.org/10.11118/actau201866020389 INFLUENCES OF HOUSING SYSTEMS AND SLAUGHTER WEIGHT ON THE MARKET

More information

300 :: -: E _ 0 o 250- l P AZ- IOO-

300 :: -: E _ 0 o 250- l P AZ- IOO- Codor, 8:285-289 The Cooper Orithological Society 1978 SNOW CONDITIONS AND THE ONSET OF BREEDING IN THE MOUNTAIN WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW MARTIN L. MORTON Sice the summer of 1968, my studets ad I have bee

More information

Orthopteran communities in the conifer-broadleaved woodland zone of the Russian Far East

Orthopteran communities in the conifer-broadleaved woodland zone of the Russian Far East Eur J Etomol 105: 673 680, 2008 http://wwwejecz/scripts/viewabstractphp?abstract=1384 ISSN 1210-5759 (prit), 1802-8829 (olie) Orthoptera commuities i the coifer-broadleaved woodlad zoe of the Russia Far

More information

Use of Quantitative Real-Time PCR To Monitor the Response of Chlamydophila felis Infection to Doxycycline Treatment

Use of Quantitative Real-Time PCR To Monitor the Response of Chlamydophila felis Infection to Doxycycline Treatment JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 2005, p. 1858 1864 Vol. 43, No. 4 0095-1137/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jcm.43.4.1858 1864.2005 Copyright 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

More information

LIFE HISTORY OF PLESIONIKA EDWARDSI (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, PANDALIDAE) AROUND THE CANARY ISLANDS, EASTERN CENTRAL ATLANTIC

LIFE HISTORY OF PLESIONIKA EDWARDSI (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, PANDALIDAE) AROUND THE CANARY ISLANDS, EASTERN CENTRAL ATLANTIC S. Afr. J. mar. Sci. 18: 39 48 1997 39 LIFE HISTORY OF PLESIONIKA EDWARDSI (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, PANDALIDAE) AROUND THE CANARY ISLANDS, EASTERN CENTRAL ATLANTIC J. I. SANTANA*, J. A. GONZÁLEZ*, I. J. LOZANO

More information

of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA of Hertfordshire, Hertfortshire AL109AB, United Kingdom

of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA of Hertfordshire, Hertfortshire AL109AB, United Kingdom Parasitol Res () (Suppl ):S S DOI./s--- Ectopar asites Susceptibility of Adult Cat Fleas (Siphoaptera: Pulicidae) to Isecticides ad Status of Isecticide Resistace Mutatios at the Rdl ad Kockdow Resistace

More information

CHARTING THE LATE CRETACEOUS SEAS: MOSASAUR RICHNESS AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION

CHARTING THE LATE CRETACEOUS SEAS: MOSASAUR RICHNESS AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION Joural of Vertebrate Paleotology 29(2):409 416, Jue 2009 # 2009 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleotology ARTICLE CHARTING THE LATE CRETACEOUS SEAS: MOSASAUR RICHNESS AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION MARCUS

More information

DOMESTIC CATS AS PREDATORS AND FACTORS IN WINTER SHORTAGES OF RAPTOR PREY

DOMESTIC CATS AS PREDATORS AND FACTORS IN WINTER SHORTAGES OF RAPTOR PREY DOMESTIC CATS AS PREDATORS AND FACTORS IN WINTER SHORTAGES OF RAPTOR PREY WILLIAM G. GEORGE The domestic cat (FeZis catus) was itroduced ito the Uited States over 150 years ago. Imported i small umbers

More information

SERIES OF MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM. Atherurus F. Cuvier, D.J. van Weers. Abstract INTRODUCTION

SERIES OF MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM. Atherurus F. Cuvier, D.J. van Weers. Abstract INTRODUCTION Iformatio about this material is preseted ad the status of te specific ad subspecific ames Beaufortia SERIES OF MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS INSTITUTE OF TAXONOMIC ZOOLOGY (ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM) UNIVERSITY

More information

Effect of time and depth of insemination on fertility of Bharat Merino sheep inseminated trans-cervical with frozen-thawed semen

Effect of time and depth of insemination on fertility of Bharat Merino sheep inseminated trans-cervical with frozen-thawed semen Kumar ad Naqvi Joural of Aimal Sciece ad Techology 2014, 56:8 RESEARCH Ope Access Effect of time ad depth of isemiatio o fertility of Bharat Merio sheep isemiated tras-cervical with froze-thawed seme Davedra

More information

FELINE INFECTIOUS RESPIRATORY DISEASE

FELINE INFECTIOUS RESPIRATORY DISEASE FELINE INFECTIOUS RESPIRATORY DISEASE Kate F. Hurley, DVM, MPVM Koret Shelter Medicine Program UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Davis, California www.sheltermedicine.com www.facebook.com/sheltermedicine

More information

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////101

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////101 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////101 Aimal CSI: Gatherig the Evidece By Julie Miller Dowlig This article is writte for ew cruelty ivestigators ad ca also be used as a referece

More information

Characterization of CO 2 Laser Photoacoustic Spectrometer Intracavity Configuration and Its Application in Measuring Acetone Gas in Human Breath

Characterization of CO 2 Laser Photoacoustic Spectrometer Intracavity Configuration and Its Application in Measuring Acetone Gas in Human Breath Proceedigs of the Pakista Academy of Scieces: A. Physical ad Computatioal Scieces 54 (3): 319 327 (2017) Copyright Pakista Academy of Scieces ISSN: 2518-4245 (prit), 2518-4253 (olie) Pakista Academy of

More information

How to stop the snotty noses: Preventing feline upper respiratory infections. Staci Cannon, DVM, MPH, DACVPM, DABVP (Shelter Medicine Practice)

How to stop the snotty noses: Preventing feline upper respiratory infections. Staci Cannon, DVM, MPH, DACVPM, DABVP (Shelter Medicine Practice) How to stop the snotty noses: Preventing feline upper respiratory infections Staci Cannon, DVM, MPH, DACVPM, DABVP (Shelter Medicine Practice) Why is URI so hard to control? Multiple pathogens Chronic

More information

Descriptive epidemiology of upper respiratory disease and associated risk factors in cats in an animal shelter in coastal western Canada

Descriptive epidemiology of upper respiratory disease and associated risk factors in cats in an animal shelter in coastal western Canada Article Descriptive epidemiology of upper respiratory disease and associated risk factors in cats in an animal shelter in coastal western Canada Nadine Gourkow, James H. Lawson, Sara C. Hamon, Clive J.C.

More information

CLINICAL RELEVANCE. Intervet Inc Intervet Lane Millsboro, DE 19966

CLINICAL RELEVANCE. Intervet Inc Intervet Lane Millsboro, DE 19966 T. C. Gore, N. Lakshmanan, J. R. Williams, F. F. Jirjis, S. T. Chester, K. L. Duncan, M. J. Coyne, M. A. Lum, and F. J. Sterner Three-Year Duration of Immunity in Cats Following Vaccination against Feline

More information

PCR detection of Leptospira in. stray cat and

PCR detection of Leptospira in. stray cat and PCR detection of Leptospira in 1 Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Veterinary

More information

Serological Survey of Feline Calicivirus and Felid Herpesvirus in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Serological Survey of Feline Calicivirus and Felid Herpesvirus in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2013. 41: 1153. RESEARCH ARTICLE Pub. 1153 ISSN 1679-9216 Serological Survey of Feline Calicivirus and Felid Herpesvirus in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Andréia Henzel 1,4, Mário

More information

Nursing the feline patient with upper respiratory tract disease

Nursing the feline patient with upper respiratory tract disease Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Nursing the feline patient with upper respiratory tract disease Author : Sam Frogley Categories : RVNs Date : April 1, 2011

More information

Received 18 June 2007/Returned for modification 24 July 2007/Accepted 31 July 2007

Received 18 June 2007/Returned for modification 24 July 2007/Accepted 31 July 2007 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Oct. 2007, p. 3239 3244 Vol. 45, No. 10 0095-1137/07/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jcm.01226-07 Copyright 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Longitudinal

More information

Isolation and Identification of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 from a South China Tiger in China

Isolation and Identification of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 from a South China Tiger in China Viruses 2014, 6, 1004-1014; doi:10.3390/v6031004 Article OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Isolation and Identification of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 from a South China Tiger

More information

Game Programming. Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University

Game Programming. Bing-Yu Chen National Taiwan University Game Programmig Big-Yu Che Natioal Taiwa Uiversity Search o Blid search Breadth-First Search Depth-First Search o Heuristic search A* o Adversary search MiMax 2 Itroductio to Search o o Usig tree diagram

More information

Feline Vaccines: Benefits and Risks

Feline Vaccines: Benefits and Risks Feline Vaccines: Benefits and Risks Deciding which vaccines your cat should receive requires that you have a complete understanding of the benefits and risks of the procedure. For this reason, it is extremely

More information

FELINE VIRAL UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE Why it Persists!

FELINE VIRAL UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE Why it Persists! FELINE VIRAL UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE Why it Persists! Richard B. Ford, DVM, MS Diplomate ACVIM and ACVPM (Hon) North Carolina State University There is little argument among veterinarians that feline

More information

it s hard to believe that my first year as a veterinarian

it s hard to believe that my first year as a veterinarian michiga veteriary medical associatio i this issue... 2 Bovie Leukemia Virus 5 Power of Te Leadership Academy 6 The Uauthorized Practice of Veteriary Medicie 10 MAHF Fuds Three Research Grats 12 Compaio

More information

Snakebite and Spiderbite Clinical Management Guidelines Third Edition

Snakebite and Spiderbite Clinical Management Guidelines Third Edition Guidelie Miistry of Health, NSW 73 Miller Street North Sydey NSW 2060 Locked Mail Bag 961 North Sydey NSW 2059 Telephoe (02) 9391 9000 Fax (02) 9391 9101 http://www.health.sw.gov.au/policies/ Sakebite

More information

Proceeding of the SEVC Southern European Veterinary Conference

Proceeding of the SEVC Southern European Veterinary Conference www.ivis.org Proceeding of the SEVC Southern European Veterinary Conference Oct. 17-19, 2008 Barcelona, Spain http://www.sevc.info Reprinted in the IVIS website with the permission of the SEVC www.ivis.org

More information

Canine Distemper Virus

Canine Distemper Virus Photo: LE Carmichael, MJ Appel Photo: LE Carmichael, MJ Appel Photo: LE Carmichael, MJ Appel Canine Distemper Virus Canine Distemper (CD) is a highly contagious infectious disease of dogs worldwide caused

More information

Clutch size and breeding performance of Marsh Tits Parus palustris in relation to hole size in a primeval forest

Clutch size and breeding performance of Marsh Tits Parus palustris in relation to hole size in a primeval forest ACTA ORNITHOLOGICA Vol. 38 (2003) No. 1 Clutch size ad breedig performace of Marsh Tits Parus palustris i relatio to hole size i a primeval forest Tomasz W e s o ł o w s k i D epartm et of Avia Ecology,

More information

Are Dogs Really Scrotally Aware? New Research Results on Scrotal vs. Prescrotal Castration Amanda Dykstra, DVM University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN

Are Dogs Really Scrotally Aware? New Research Results on Scrotal vs. Prescrotal Castration Amanda Dykstra, DVM University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN Are Dogs Really Scrotally Aware? New Research Results on Scrotal vs. Prescrotal Castration Amanda Dykstra, DVM University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN The preferred method to castrate canines has been an

More information

Guidelines on Feline Infectious Diseases FELINE CALICIVIRUS. March 2007

Guidelines on Feline Infectious Diseases FELINE CALICIVIRUS. March 2007 Guidelines on Feline Infectious Diseases FELINE CALICIVIRUS March 2007 The attached recommendations have been formulated by the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases. The European Advisory Board on Cat

More information

2016 UAH Antibiograms

2016 UAH Antibiograms 2016 UAH Atibiograms Uiversity of Alberta Hospital Cross Cacer Istitute Stollery Childre s Hospital Departmet of Laboratory Medicie ad Pathology Itroductio The atibiograms preseted herei represet cumulative

More information

Action Plan for North America. Sustainable Trade in Parrots

Action Plan for North America. Sustainable Trade in Parrots Actio Pla for North America Sustaiable Trade i Parrots Sustaiablefor Trade i Parrots:Cooperatio Actio Pla for North America Commissio Evirometal a Please cite as: CEC. 2017. Sustaiable Trade i Parrots:

More information

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a progressive. Prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis in specific cat breeds *

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a progressive. Prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis in specific cat breeds * Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2006) 8, 1e5 doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2005.04.003 Prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis in specific cat breeds * Loretta D Pesteanu-Somogyi DVM 1y, Christina Radzai

More information

Ferrets. The Facts About JAN-FEB 08. animal services / rescues / shelters. Testifying for Animals Bad Cats, Bad Cats Whatcha Gonna Do?

Ferrets. The Facts About JAN-FEB 08. animal services / rescues / shelters. Testifying for Animals Bad Cats, Bad Cats Whatcha Gonna Do? PUBLISHED BY THE HUMANE SOCIETY OF THE UNITED STATES JAN-FEB 08 aimal services / rescues / shelters The Facts About Ferrets Testifyig for Aimals Bad Cats, Bad Cats Whatcha Goa Do? Shelter Medicie, p.53

More information

Chlamydophila felis (previously feline Chlamydia psittaci ) was first isolated. Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens: Chlamydophila felis *

Chlamydophila felis (previously feline Chlamydia psittaci ) was first isolated. Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens: Chlamydophila felis * Vol. 23, No. 3 March 2001 231 CE Article #2 (1.5 contact hours) Refereed Peer Review FOCAL POINT Although Chlamydophila felis infection is an important cause of feline conjunctivitis, much remains unknown

More information

South Carolina. VETERINARIAN UPDATE SOUTH CAROLINA ASSOCIATION OF VETERINARIANS NEWSLETTER Advancing the Science and Art of Veterinary Medicine

South Carolina. VETERINARIAN UPDATE SOUTH CAROLINA ASSOCIATION OF VETERINARIANS NEWSLETTER Advancing the Science and Art of Veterinary Medicine South Carolia VETERINARIAN UPDATE SOUTH CAROLINA ASSOCIATION OF VETERINARIANS NEWSLETTER Advacig the Sciece ad Art of Veteriary Medicie Volume 13, Issue 3 Autum 2015 I This Issue... SCAV Holds Aual Coferece

More information

Feline Respiratory Infections in Animal Shelters

Feline Respiratory Infections in Animal Shelters Maddie s Shelter Medicine Program 2015 SW 16 th Avenue College of Veterinary Medicine PO Box 100126 Gainesville, FL 32610 352-273-8660 352-392-6125 Fax Overview Feline Respiratory Infections in Animal

More information

Plains Leopard Frog RANA BLAIRI. Catalogueof American Amphibians and Reptiles. Rana blairi Mecham, Littlejohn, Oldham, Brown, and Brown

Plains Leopard Frog RANA BLAIRI. Catalogueof American Amphibians and Reptiles. Rana blairi Mecham, Littlejohn, Oldham, Brown, and Brown 536.1 AMPHIBIA: ANURA: RANIDAE RANA BLAIRI Catalogueof America Amphibias ad Reptiles. Brow, L.E. 1992. Raa blairi. Raa blairi Mecham, Littlejoh, Oldham, Brow, ad Brow Plais Leopard Frog Raa blai Mecham,

More information

FOSTERING CATS. Behavioral Issues

FOSTERING CATS. Behavioral Issues FOSTERING CATS Fostering an adult cat may not require as much time and attention as kittens, but it is equally rewarding! The following information will help you familiarize yourself with some of the common

More information

Prevention of disease in shelters and multi-animal environments

Prevention of disease in shelters and multi-animal environments Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Prevention of disease in shelters and multi-animal environments Author : Jenny Stavisky Categories : General, Vets Date :

More information

Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Disease Complex: What Do We know?

Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Disease Complex: What Do We know? Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Disease Complex: What Do We know? Sandra Newbury, DVM National Shelter Medicine Extension Veterinarian Koret Shelter Medicine Program Center for Companion Animal Health U

More information

Evaluating the Role of MRSA Nasal Swabs

Evaluating the Role of MRSA Nasal Swabs Evaluating the Role of MRSA Nasal Swabs Josh Arnold, PharmD PGY1 Pharmacy Resident Pharmacy Grand Rounds February 28, 2017 2016 MFMER slide-1 Objectives Identify the pathophysiology of MRSA nasal colonization

More information

Enzootic abortion in sheep and its economic consequences

Enzootic abortion in sheep and its economic consequences Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Enzootic abortion in sheep and its economic consequences Author : Louise Silk Categories : Farm animal, Vets Date : February

More information

Vaccines for Cats. 2. Feline viral rhinotracheitis, FVR caused by FVR virus, also known as herpes virus type 1, FHV-1

Vaccines for Cats. 2. Feline viral rhinotracheitis, FVR caused by FVR virus, also known as herpes virus type 1, FHV-1 Vaccines for Cats Recent advances in veterinary medical science have resulted in an increase in the number and type of vaccines that are available for use in cats, and improvements are continuously being

More information

Fish Farms. DATCP Fish Health 4/21/2009. Myron Kebus, MS, DVM. State Aquaculture Veterinary Epidemiologist

Fish Farms. DATCP Fish Health 4/21/2009. Myron Kebus, MS, DVM. State Aquaculture Veterinary Epidemiologist Fish Farms Myron Kebus, MS, DVM State Aquaculture Veterinary Epidemiologist DATCP Fish Health National model for fish health programs Requirements: Import permits Health certificates Record-keeping Reportable

More information

FALL Cat Corner...2 Dog Enrichment...3 We Have Rabbits!...4 How You Can Help...5

FALL Cat Corner...2 Dog Enrichment...3 We Have Rabbits!...4 How You Can Help...5 PAW TALK FALL 2017 Toga adopted October 2017 Cat Corer...2 Dog Erichmet...3 We Have Rabbits!...4 How You Ca Help...5 PROGRAM SPOTLIGHT PAW TALK FALL 2017 2 What is a Commuity Cat? By Patty Rusak, Commuity

More information

4-year-old neutered male American domestic shorthair cat with a locally extensive area of swelling ulceration and crusting over the nasal planum.

4-year-old neutered male American domestic shorthair cat with a locally extensive area of swelling ulceration and crusting over the nasal planum. 4-year-old neutered male American domestic shorthair cat with a locally extensive area of swelling ulceration and crusting over the nasal planum. Which of the following is the most likely disease? 1. Squamous

More information

Vaccinations and boarding

Vaccinations and boarding Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Vaccinations and boarding Author : CLAIRE BESSANT ET AL Categories : Vets Date : September 8, 2014 CLAIRE BESSANT ET AL Chief

More information

KRUUSE I. Rehabilitation Equipment KRUUSE. Rehabilitation Equipment. 4 th Edition.

KRUUSE I. Rehabilitation Equipment KRUUSE. Rehabilitation Equipment. 4 th Edition. KRUUSE I Rehabilitatio Equipmet KRUUSE Rehabilitatio Equipmet 4 th Editio KRUUSE I Rehabilitatio Equipmet Cotet Page KRUUSE Rehab Dog Blakets... 4 KRUUSE Rehab Joit Protectors... 6 KRUUSE Rehab Weight

More information

Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex: The detection and epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in Midwestern feline shelter populations

Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex: The detection and epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in Midwestern feline shelter populations Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate College 2014 Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex: The detection and epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in Midwestern feline shelter populations Uri Donnett

More information

Conjunctivitis is a common condition of cats and is usually

Conjunctivitis is a common condition of cats and is usually J Vet Intern Med 2003;17:799 807 Prevalence of Chlamydophila felis and Feline Herpesvirus 1 in Cats with Conjunctivitis in Northern Italy A. Rampazzo, S. Appino, P. Pregel, A. Tarducci, E. Zini, and B.

More information

Parvovirus Type 2c An Emerging Pathogen in Dogs. Sanjay Kapil, DVM, MS, PhD Professor Center for Veterinary Health Sciences OADDL Stillwater, OK

Parvovirus Type 2c An Emerging Pathogen in Dogs. Sanjay Kapil, DVM, MS, PhD Professor Center for Veterinary Health Sciences OADDL Stillwater, OK Parvovirus Type 2c An Emerging Pathogen in Dogs Sanjay Kapil, DVM, MS, PhD Professor Center for Veterinary Health Sciences OADDL Stillwater, OK Properties of Canine Parvovirus Single-stranded DNA virus

More information

City Unveils New Website

City Unveils New Website bulleti I f o r m a t i v e SUMMER 2013 City Uveils New Website Startig July 1, 2013, you will be able to look up your water usage history, your bill, ad pay olie. - Assistat City Maager Moica Irela cotets

More information

Animal. nimals have always provided humans with food, clothing, and transportation, but today they're also

Animal. nimals have always provided humans with food, clothing, and transportation, but today they're also a Aimal Helpers a a! a aa a a a a aa a a a a a a o a a o a aa a t a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a imals have always provided humas with food, clothig, ad trasportatio, but today they're also traied to

More information

Prevalence of protective antibody titers for canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus in dogs entering a Florida animal shelter

Prevalence of protective antibody titers for canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus in dogs entering a Florida animal shelter Prevalence of protective antibody titers for canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus in dogs entering a Florida animal shelter Elizabeth S. Lechner, dvm; P. Cynda Crawford, dvm, phd; Julie K. Levy,

More information

Veterinary Diagnostics Portfolio Overview. Complete solutions for veterinary testing and pathogen research

Veterinary Diagnostics Portfolio Overview. Complete solutions for veterinary testing and pathogen research Veterinary Diagnostics Portfolio Overview Complete solutions for veterinary testing and pathogen research Sample preparation products Cat. no. (number of preps) Target analyte Product Short description

More information

An Estimate of the Number of Dogs in US Shelters. Kimberly A. Woodruff, DVM, MS, DACVPM David R. Smith, DVM, PhD, DACVPM (Epi)

An Estimate of the Number of Dogs in US Shelters. Kimberly A. Woodruff, DVM, MS, DACVPM David R. Smith, DVM, PhD, DACVPM (Epi) An Estimate of the Number of Dogs in US Shelters Kimberly A. Woodruff, DVM, MS, DACVPM David R. Smith, DVM, PhD, DACVPM (Epi) Currently. No governing body for shelter medicine No national list/registration

More information

The essential changes with respect to earlier editions are these:

The essential changes with respect to earlier editions are these: Feline calicivirus infection (2012 edition) What s new? This is an updated edition of the Feline calicivirus guidelines. The essential changes with respect to earlier editions are these: Epidemiology:

More information

CAT SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR SINGLE STAGE SUPPLY CHAIN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH FIXED CHARGES

CAT SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR SINGLE STAGE SUPPLY CHAIN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH FIXED CHARGES CAT SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR SINGLE STAGE SUPPLY CHAIN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH FIXED CHARGES P. Maiara 1 ad V. Selladurai 2 1 Departet of Mechaical Egieerig, Kaaraj College of Egieerig ad Techology, Idia

More information

FELINE URI: STATE OF THE ART PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

FELINE URI: STATE OF THE ART PREVENTION AND TREATMENT FELINE URI: STATE OF THE ART PREVENTION AND TREATMENT ELIZABETH BERLINER, DVM DABVP (SHELTER MEDICINE, CANINE/FELINE PRACTICE) JANET L. SWANSON DIRECTOR OF SHELTER MEDICINE MADDIE S SHELTER MEDICINE PROGRAM

More information

SELECTED ASPECTS OF BURROWING OWL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR

SELECTED ASPECTS OF BURROWING OWL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR SLCTD ASPCTS OF BRROWING OWL COLOGY AND BHAVIOR DNNIS J. MARTIN1 Departmet of Biology iversity of New Meico Albqerqe, New Meico 87106 INTRODCTION field. All owls were weighed, ispected for ectopara- Pblicatios

More information

Rabies in Georgia National Center for Disease Control & Public Health (NCDC) Georgia Paata Imnadze, M.D. Ph.D

Rabies in Georgia National Center for Disease Control & Public Health (NCDC) Georgia Paata Imnadze, M.D. Ph.D Rabies in Georgia National Center for Disease Control & Public Health (NCDC) Georgia Paata Imnadze, M.D. Ph.D The 3rd MEEREB meeting, Lyon, France 7-9 April, 2015 Introduction Rabies data have been registered

More information

Feline herpesvirus. Review article. Vet. Res. 38 (2007) c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2007 DOI: /vetres:

Feline herpesvirus. Review article. Vet. Res. 38 (2007) c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2007 DOI: /vetres: Vet. Res. 38 (2007) 337 354 337 c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2007 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006063 Review article Feline herpesvirus Rosalind GASKELL a *,SusanDAWSON b,alanradford b, Etienne THIRY c a Department of

More information

with a new course of injections. Most kennels and catteries will insist on seeing proof of regular vaccinations.

with a new course of injections. Most kennels and catteries will insist on seeing proof of regular vaccinations. There are a number of highly infectious and potentially fatal diseases which can affect your dog and cat. There is no treatment for many of these diseases and young puppies and kittens who catch them often

More information

The natural history of small mammals from Ais n Region, southern Chile

The natural history of small mammals from Ais n Region, southern Chile Revista Chilea de Historia Natural 67: 183-207, 1994 The atural history of small mammals from Ais Regio, souther Chile La historia atural de los pequefios mamfferos de Ia Regio de Aise, sur de Chile OUGLAS

More information

Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Red Angus Cow B Y : L A U R E N R I C E R O V C

Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Red Angus Cow B Y : L A U R E N R I C E R O V C Malignant Catarrhal Fever in a Red Angus Cow B Y : L A U R E N R I C E R O V C 2 0 1 5 History & Signalment Three year old Red Angus Cow Complaint: Blindness From 15 Red Angus Cow Herd Managed on Pasture

More information

Pet Friendly Shelter Marion County, Florida. Jill Lancon, Animal Center Director

Pet Friendly Shelter Marion County, Florida. Jill Lancon, Animal Center Director Pet Friedly Shelter Mario Couty, Florida Jill Laco, Aimal Ceter Director jill.laco@mariocoutyfl.org 352-671-8709 Whe Disaster Strikes We ll Be Ready PURPOSE Provide a safe have for pet owers ad their domestic

More information

Histologic and Molecular Correlation in Shelter Cats with Acute Upper Respiratory Infection

Histologic and Molecular Correlation in Shelter Cats with Acute Upper Respiratory Infection JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, July 2011, p. 2454 2460 Vol. 49, No. 7 0095-1137/11/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jcm.00187-11 Copyright 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Histologic

More information

Serological Prevalence of FeLV and FIV in Cats in Peninsular Malaysia

Serological Prevalence of FeLV and FIV in Cats in Peninsular Malaysia 6 th Proceedings of the Seminar on Veterinary Sciences, 11 14 January 2011: 78-82 Serological Prevalence of FeLV and FIV in Cats in Peninsular Malaysia Nurul Ashikin Sapian, 1 Siti Suri Arshad, 2 Gurmeet

More information

Feline Upper Respiratory Infection: Diagnosis & Treatment. Chumkee Aziz, DVM Resident, UC-Davis

Feline Upper Respiratory Infection: Diagnosis & Treatment. Chumkee Aziz, DVM Resident, UC-Davis Feline Upper Respiratory Infection: Diagnosis & Treatment Chumkee Aziz, DVM Resident, UC-Davis Etiology What causes it? Pathogens: Feline herpes virus type 1 (FHV-1) Feline calicivirus (FCV) Chlamydia

More information

KRUUSE I. Rehabilitation Equipment KRUUSE. Rehabilitation Equipment. 3 rd Edition.

KRUUSE I. Rehabilitation Equipment KRUUSE. Rehabilitation Equipment. 3 rd Edition. KRUUSE I Rehabilitatio Equipmet KRUUSE Rehabilitatio Equipmet 3 rd Editio KRUUSE Rehabilitatio Equipmet We are pleased to lauch the 3rd KRUUSE Rehabilitatio Equipmet catalogue cotaiig our complete rage

More information

FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS Visions Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg!

FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS Visions Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg! FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS Visions Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg! Richard B. Ford, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVIM Professor of Medicine North Carolina State University Richard_Ford@ncsu.edu As long as we've known

More information

Think Rabbit. Virtual Manual 2014

Think Rabbit. Virtual Manual 2014 Thik Rabbit Virtual Maual 2014 Cotets Itroductio Thik Rabbit i the waitig room Thik Rabbit i the cosultig room Thik Rabbit i the operatig room Thik Rabbit durig hospitalisatio The Commercial View The Owers

More information