Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 20 - Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 39-51

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 20 - Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 39-51"

Transcription

1 Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 20 - Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 39-51

2 Tissue cyst -forming Coccidia General Taxonomy Apicomplexa Heteroxenous Two host life cycles Asexual & sexual reproduction Intestinal epithelium or subepithelium of a carnivore definitive host Asexual development also takes place in extra-intestinal tissues of the intermediate host Tissue cysts - forming coccidia

3 General Morphology Intestinal stages Same as for other coccidia merozoites, microgamonts, macrogamonts

4 General Morphology Extra-Intestinal stages General coccidian zoite morphology Tachyzoites Crescent shaped, ~6 um Proliferate rapidly forming colonies Bradyzoites Crescent shaped, ~7 um Multiply slowly within tissue cysts Tachyzoite on blood smear Bradyzoite within tissue cyst

5 General Morphology Extra-Intestinal stages Tissue cysts Contain bradyzoites which divide slowly resulting in increasing sizes of tissue cysts Young tissue cysts 5 um Older tissue cysts grow to 50 um

6 Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii World wide distribution Definitive host Cats & other felids Intermediate host Indiscriminate Any warm blooded animal mammals or birds

7 Dubey 1998 Toxoplasma gondii: Life Cycle Few oocysts Produced from ingesting tachyzoites 20% of cats ingesting oocysts develop a patent infection - few oocysts Cats Ingesting bradyzoites produce millions of oocysts = most important mode of transmission to definitive host 1-5 days to mature = sporulate

8 Jones et al. 2003

9 Prevalence Cats: North America ~ 30% Spain ~ 45% Japan ~ 6% Humans: North America % Veterinary staff (Ontario 2002) % U.K. - 30% France - 80% New Zealand - 60% Other animals: Variable seroprevalences

10 Pathogenesis & Clinical signs Cats - definitive host Intestinal phase Young cats Shed oocysts - intense & brief No pathology, no clinical signs Extra-intestinal phase Kittens (< 3 months) Rarely in older cats Common clinical signs - Anorexia, depression, lethargy, icterus, vomiting Less common signs pneumonia, encephalitis & chorioretinitis Death in severe cases (rare)

11 Pathogenesis & Clinical signs Intermediate hosts Two types of disease: Acquired Toxoplasmosis Congenital Toxoplasmosis

12 Acquired Toxoplasmosis Domestic animals Sheep & Goats Mild febrile response Cattle & Horses Clinical signs rare Swine Clinical signs rare Dogs Clinical signs rare BUT when occur Young dogs <1 year old Myositis & muscle atrophy CNS signs - ataxia, tremors, uveitis

13 Acquired Toxoplasmosis Humans Zoonosis Healthy people: Most have no clinical signs Mild clinical signs Flu-like symptoms Transient headache, muscle & joint pain, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes

14 Acquired Toxoplasmosis Humans Zoonosis Immunodeficient people: Severe disease Pneumonia, myocarditis, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes Reactivated latent infection...

15 Congenital Toxoplasmosis Most serious form of disease Major concern Humans Sheep > goats Primary maternal infection acquired during pregnancy for transmission to placenta / fetus

16 Congenital Toxoplasmosis Sheep > Goats Major cause of abortion Fetus may be mummified, macerated, autolyzed or resorbed Fetal lesions in heart, brain & liver

17 Congenital Toxoplasmosis Sheep > goats Focal inflammation & necrosis within the placenta Small (~2 mm) white chalky lesion Tachyzoites & tissue cysts Subsequent pregnancy Abortions are rare Ewe develops immunity Normal pregnancy

18 Congenital Toxoplasmosis Humans Zoonosis Abortion rare Premature birth common At birth: Classic triad Later in life Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification Mental illness, blindness, epilepsy... Asymptomatic No clinical signs Reactivated latent infections...

19 Diagnosis Centrifugal Fecal flotation Cats shed oocysts sporadic & inconsistent confounders Hammondia & Besnoitia sp. Serology Valuable in Humans > Sheep Less value in cats? Acute infection Elevated IgM titres with low/normal IgG In cats, greatest risk to shed oocysts Chronic/Previous infection Low IgM titres & higher IgG In cats, less likely to shed oocysts Toxoplasma Reference Lab ELISA & PCR

20 Toxoplasmosis Treatment Humans Congenital Mother & child Acquired / Reactivated Immunodeficient Pyrimethamine & sulphadiazine &/or spiramycin with folinic acid Animals Rare to treat livestock Common to treat companion animals Pyrimethamine & sulphadiazine, clindamycin, azithromycin

21 Prevention & Control Cats : Prevent hunting & scavenging Keep cats indoors Do not feed raw or undercooked meat &/or unpasteurized dairy Seronegative cat is a risk to humans if infected Seropositive cat less risk to humans Unless shedding now = risk If not shedding = less risk Domestic Animals: Prevent cats defecating in feed & water Control cat population on farm Toxovax in sheep / goats One dose = lifetime protection (New Zealand & UK)

22 Prevention & Control Humans Zoonosis What can you do? Do not eat meat Uncooked or rare Pasteurized dairy products only Empty litter box daily - gloves, spouse? Gardening - wear gloves Wash vegetables & fruit Proper hygiene hand washing Starting a family? Contact you health professional and have a conversation

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32 Neosporosis Neospora caninum Fatal neuromuscular disease of dogs Major cause of reproductive failure & abortion in cattle

33 Morphology All stages identical to Toxoplasma except the tissue cysts Neospora tissue cysts are found only in the CNS, peripheral nerves & retina Toxoplasma tissue cysts thin walls (< 1 um) Neospora tissue cysts thick walls (>1 um & up to 4 um)

34 Neospora life cycle 1 2 & 3 4 # s correspond to clinical signs, please see later slides 41-43

35 Epidemiology Transmission Percentage of dogs/canids shedding oocysts is unknown Congenital transmission occurs in dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses cats, mice, monkeys...birds too! No evidence of zoonosis Repeated congenital transmission may occur & can occur over several generations

36 Prevalence Common cause of abortion in beef & dairy cattle worldwide Serologic surveys cattle Up to 100% of cattle have been exposed in some herds Maritime dairies - 73% of herds & 19% of cows found to be positive UK ~ 35% of abortions Epidemiology

37 Epidemiology Prevalence Seroprevalence in dogs Variable Higher rates in dogs on dairy farms vs. dogs from urban areas Most clinical cases occur in congenitally infected young dogs

38 Pathogenesis Similar to toxoplasmosis Destruction of host cells by tachyzoites resulting in focal areas of necrosis Focal encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, myositis & myocarditis characterized by necrosis & non-suppurative inflammation vep/art/09jun43.htm

39 Clinical signs Cattle Abortion is major clinical sign (2) Cows of any age can abort between 3 months gestation & term Most abortions around 5-6 months Fetus may die in utero, be resorbed, mummified, autolyzed or stillborn

40 Clinical signs Cattle Infected calves born alive (3) Neurological signs Ataxia, decreased patellar reflexes & exophthalmia Underweight, downer, hind limbs &/or forelimbs flexed or hyper extended

41 Clinical signs Cattle Calves may also be born infected without clinical signs (1) Persistent infection Risk to next generation Calves may also be born free of infection (4) Cycle is broken

42 Clinical signs Neosporosis in Dogs Subclinical infection is common Clinical disease Young dogs 3 weeks to < 6 months Rigid hyper-extended limbs & hind limb paresis -paralysis Paralysis of the jaw with difficulty swallowing Muscle flaccidity, muscle atrophy, heart failure Severe dermatitis Worst case - all above +cervical weakness, dysphagia, megaesophagus...death Litter mates are often infected Older dogs less common

43 Diagnosis Cattle Fetal tissues - brain, heart, liver, lungs Tissue cysts Lesions Focal areas of necrosis Non-suppurative inflammation Immunohistochemistry IHC Neospora vs.toxoplasma tachyzoites Fetal fluids & serum of cows Antibody titre - IFAT, ELISA, DAT rivep/art/09jun43.htm

44 Diagnosis Dogs Antibodies - serum or CSF Litter mates with clinical signs Congenital neosporosis Gross lesions Ulcerative dermatitis Necrosis of CNS Yellowish-white streaks in muscles IHC, ELISA...? Centrifugal Fecal flotation Sporadic & inconsistent shedding confounder species Hammondia &Toxoplasma

45 Treatment & Control Cattle Protect feed & water sources from contamination Do not let dogs eat fetal membranes, fetuses or dead calves Cow that aborts once may abort again (persistent infection) & may have to be culled No treatment for livestock Vaccine but no efficacy data?

46 Treatment & Control Dogs Prevent canids from eating fetal membranes, fetuses or dead calves by proper disposal Treatment may be attempted with sulfonamides, pyremethamine & clindamycin Treat all littermates No therapy to Tx doggie mothers to prevent transmission

47 Protozoan Parasites: Heteroxenous Coccidia Part 2

Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 21 Apicomplexans 3 Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 37-49

Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 21 Apicomplexans 3 Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 37-49 Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 21 Apicomplexans 3 Heteroxenous Coccidia - Part 1 Pages 37-49 Tissue cyst -forming Coccidia General Taxonomy Apicomplexa Heteroxenous Two host life cycles Asexual & sexual

More information

Systemic Apicomplexans. Toxoplasma

Systemic Apicomplexans. Toxoplasma Systemic Apicomplexans Toxoplasma Protozoan Groups Historically, protozoa have been grouped by mode of motility. Flagellates Hemoflagellates Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania infantum Mucoflagellates Tritrichomonas

More information

For Vets General Information Prevalence of Tox Prevalence of opl Tox asm opl asm Humans Hum Animals Zoonotic Risk & Other Ris Zoonotic Risk & Ot

For Vets General Information Prevalence of Tox Prevalence of opl Tox asm opl asm Humans Hum Animals Zoonotic Risk & Other Ris Zoonotic Risk & Ot For Vets General Information Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoal parasite capable of infecting any warm-blooded animal, including humans. Wild and domestic cats are the only known definitive hosts of Toxoplasma;

More information

For Public Health Personnel

For Public Health Personnel For Public Health Personnel General Information Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoal parasite capable of infecting any warm-blooded animal, including humans. Wild and domestic cats are the only known definitive

More information

Above: life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. Below: transmission of this infection.

Above: life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. Below: transmission of this infection. Toxoplasmosis PDF This article is based on a paid for research paper dated 1972 of similar title and authored by J.K.Frenkel and J.P. Dubey. It was published by The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol.

More information

Doctor B s BARF & Toxoplasmosis

Doctor B s BARF & Toxoplasmosis Doctor B s BARF & Toxoplasmosis Copyright Ian Billinghurst Introduction Ignorance is bliss so they say! Sometimes the less we know, the happier we are. Ignorance can most definitely be a source of bliss

More information

04/02/2013. Parasites and breeding dogs: These parasites we don t hear so much about. Main internal parasites found in breeding kennels

04/02/2013. Parasites and breeding dogs: These parasites we don t hear so much about. Main internal parasites found in breeding kennels Parasites and breeding dogs: These parasites we don t hear so much about Main internal parasites found in breeding kennels Isospora sp. Giardia sp. Toxocara canis Something else? Breeders burden I m kind

More information

Coccidia. Nimit Morakote, Ph.D.

Coccidia. Nimit Morakote, Ph.D. Coccidia Nimit Morakote, Ph.D. 1 Learning objectives After class, students will be able to: Describe morphology, life cycle, signs and symptoms, prevention and control, laboratory diagnosis and treatment

More information

A:Malaria (Plasmodium species) Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria P. malariae: causes Quartan malaria P. vivax: causes benign

A:Malaria (Plasmodium species) Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria P. malariae: causes Quartan malaria P. vivax: causes benign A:Malaria (Plasmodium species) Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria P. malariae: causes Quartan malaria P. vivax: causes benign tertian malaria P. ovale: causes benign tertian malaria

More information

Feline zoonoses. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee 12/09

Feline zoonoses. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee 12/09 Feline zoonoses Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee 12/09 Cat scratch disease Bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae Associated with a cat bite or scratch Infection at point of injury,

More information

FACT SHEET FEBRUARY 2007

FACT SHEET FEBRUARY 2007 FARM FACT SHEET FEBRUARY 2007 ABORTION IN EWES Abortions in ewes are the result of many factors that stress the pregnant animal. Intrauterine infections are the most common cause. The commonly reported

More information

Canine Distemper Virus

Canine Distemper Virus Photo: LE Carmichael, MJ Appel Photo: LE Carmichael, MJ Appel Photo: LE Carmichael, MJ Appel Canine Distemper Virus Canine Distemper (CD) is a highly contagious infectious disease of dogs worldwide caused

More information

ECHINOCOCCOSIS. By Dr. Ameer kadhim Hussein. M.B.Ch.B. FICMS (Community Medicine).

ECHINOCOCCOSIS. By Dr. Ameer kadhim Hussein. M.B.Ch.B. FICMS (Community Medicine). ECHINOCOCCOSIS By Dr. Ameer kadhim Hussein. M.B.Ch.B. FICMS (Community Medicine). INTRODUCTION Species under genus Echinococcus are small tapeworms of carnivores with larval stages known as hydatids proliferating

More information

Zoonotic Diseases. Risks of working with wildlife. Maria Baron Palamar, Wildlife Veterinarian

Zoonotic Diseases.   Risks of working with wildlife. Maria Baron Palamar, Wildlife Veterinarian Zoonotic Diseases Risks of working with wildlife www.cdc.gov Definition Zoonoses: infectious diseases of vertebrate animals that can be naturally transmitted to humans Health vs. Disease Transmission -

More information

Outline 1/13/15. Range is mostly surrounding Puerto Rico Important for Tourism and ecological balance

Outline 1/13/15. Range is mostly surrounding Puerto Rico Important for Tourism and ecological balance 1/13/15 Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) and investigating transmission from feral cat feces in Puerto Rico Heidi Wyrosdick M.S. Candidate University of

More information

Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution and may infect

Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution and may infect Dr. J.H. Vorster, BVSc, MMedVet(Path) Vetdiagnostix Veterinary Pathology Services PO Box 13624 Cascades, 3202 Tel no: 033 342 5104 Cell no: 082 820 5030 E- mail: hendri@telkomsa.net Dr. P.H. Mapham, BVSc

More information

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) Why should you test your herd, or additions to your herd? Answer: BVD has been shown to cause lower pregnancy rates, increased abortions, higher calf morbidity and mortality;

More information

Vaccination to Improve Reproductive Health. Cow/Calf Meetings. Sandy Stuttgen, DVM UWEX Agriculture Educator, Taylor County

Vaccination to Improve Reproductive Health. Cow/Calf Meetings. Sandy Stuttgen, DVM UWEX Agriculture Educator, Taylor County Vaccination to Improve Reproductive Health Cow/Calf Meetings Sandy Stuttgen, DVM UWEX Agriculture Educator, Taylor County June, 2013 Reproductive Diseases Bacteria Brucella Camplyobacter (Vibrio) Leptospira

More information

Diagnosing intestinal parasites. Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing

Diagnosing intestinal parasites. Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing Diagnosing intestinal parasites Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing Screen every dog at least twice a year The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) guidelines recommend including

More information

Diagnosing intestinal parasites. Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing

Diagnosing intestinal parasites. Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing Diagnosing intestinal parasites Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing Screen every dog at least twice a year The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) guidelines recommend including

More information

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 2.417, ISSN: , Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2016

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 2.417, ISSN: , Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2016 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION OF CATS IN SOUTHWEST OF ALBANIA SHEMSHO LAMAJ 1 GERTA DHAMO 2 ILIR DOVA 2 1 Regional Agricultural Directory of Gjirokastra 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

More information

Managing Infectious Subfertility in Expanding Dairy herds. John Mee Teagasc, Moorepark Dairy Production Research Centre

Managing Infectious Subfertility in Expanding Dairy herds. John Mee Teagasc, Moorepark Dairy Production Research Centre 1 Managing Infectious Subfertility in Expanding Dairy herds John Mee Teagasc, Moorepark Dairy Production Research Centre 2 The Four Pillars of Dairy Herd Fertility Management Nutrition Dairy Herd Fertility

More information

Seroprevalence and risk factors of infections with Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in hunting dogs from Campania region, southern Italy

Seroprevalence and risk factors of infections with Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in hunting dogs from Campania region, southern Italy Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS doi: http://folia.paru.cas.cz Research Article Seroprevalence and risk factors of infections with Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in hunting dogs from

More information

Antihelminthic Trematodes (flukes): Cestodes (tapeworms): Nematodes (roundworms, pinworm, whipworms and hookworms):

Antihelminthic Trematodes (flukes): Cestodes (tapeworms): Nematodes (roundworms, pinworm, whipworms and hookworms): Antihelminthic Drugs used to treat parasitic worm infections: helminthic infections Unlike protozoa, helminthes are large and have complex cellular structures It is very important to identify the causative

More information

Hydatid Disease. Overview

Hydatid Disease. Overview Hydatid Disease Overview Hydatid disease in man is caused principally by infection with the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is an important pathogenic zoonotic parasitic infection

More information

CMED 526/EPI 526 B.J. Weigler Spring 2009

CMED 526/EPI 526 B.J. Weigler Spring 2009 CMED 526/EPI 526 B.J. Weigler Spring 2009 Toxoplasmosis Agent: Taxonomy: Toxoplasma gondii Phylum Apicomplexa (= ~5000 spp.) Sporozoon coccidia Distribution: Definitive Host: Intermed. Hosts: Invertebrates:

More information

Phylum:Apicomplexa Class:Sporozoa

Phylum:Apicomplexa Class:Sporozoa Phylum:Apicomplexa Class:Sporozoa The most characteristic features of sporozoa are 1-unique appearance of most protozoa makes it possible for knowledge able person to identifiy them to level of genus and

More information

Guideline for Prevention of Brucellosis in Meat Packing Plant Workers

Guideline for Prevention of Brucellosis in Meat Packing Plant Workers Guideline for Prevention of Brucellosis in Meat Packing Plant Workers Introduction Brucellosis is a disease which may spread from animals to man. There is no evidence for person to person transmission.

More information

Blood protozoan: Plasmodium

Blood protozoan: Plasmodium Blood protozoan: Plasmodium The causative agent of including Plasmodium vivax P. falciparum P. malariae P. ovale. malaria in humans:four species are associated The Plasmodium spp. life cycle can be divided

More information

What s Hiding in your Pet?

What s Hiding in your Pet? What s Hiding in your Pet? by Erin Quigley, DVM Potentially harmful parasites! A parasite is an organism that lives on (external) or in (internal) an organism of another species (such as dog, cat or human),

More information

Apicomplexans Apicomplexa Intro

Apicomplexans Apicomplexa Intro Apicomplexans Apicomplexa Intro Cryptosporidium Apicomplexan Select Characteristics Gliding motility Apical Complex organelle for invasion of host cell Life cycle alternates b/w sexual and asexual phases

More information

Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats

Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats 6 Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats ESCCAP Guideline 06 Second Edition February 2018 1 ESCCAP Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ, United Kingdom

More information

Emerging diseases but don t forget the old ones! Lynn Batty

Emerging diseases but don t forget the old ones! Lynn Batty Emerging diseases but don t forget the old ones! Lynn Batty SAC Consulting is a division of Scotland s Rural College Leading the way in Agriculture and Rural Research, Education and Consulting What barren

More information

Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats

Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats 6 Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats ESCCAP Guideline 06 Second Edition February 2018 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 1: CONSIDERATION OF PET HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS 5 2: LIFELONG

More information

Tritrichomonas Foetus in Cats

Tritrichomonas Foetus in Cats Tf Tritrichomonas Foetus in Cats A practical guide for breeders By Dr S F Moreland BA Vet MB MRCVS GCCF Veterinary Officer September 2017 TRITRICHOMONAS FOETUS IN CATS WHAT IS Tf? Tf is the commonly used

More information

Surveillance of animal brucellosis

Surveillance of animal brucellosis Surveillance of animal brucellosis Assoc.Prof.Dr. Theera Rukkwamsuk Department of large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Review of the epidemiology

More information

Animal Bites and Rabies

Animal Bites and Rabies Animal Bites and Rabies Animal bites Animal bites are not rare and can occur anywhere in the world. They can occur while: walking in the street jogging in the woods bicycle riding in the countryside or

More information

Abortions and causes of death in newborn sheep and goats

Abortions and causes of death in newborn sheep and goats Abortions and causes of death in newborn sheep and goats Debrah Mohale What is abortion? Abortion is the result of a disturbance in the functioning of the afterbirth (placenta). This causes the premature

More information

Blood protozoan: Plasmodium

Blood protozoan: Plasmodium Blood protozoan: Plasmodium Dr. Hala Al Daghistani The causative agent of including Plasmodium vivax P. falciparum P. malariae P. ovale. malaria in humans: four species are associated The Plasmodium spp.

More information

Protozoan Parasites of Veterinary importance 2017

Protozoan Parasites of Veterinary importance 2017 Protozoan Parasites of Veterinary importance 2017 VPM-122 Laboratory 4 Spencer J. Greenwood PhD, DVM Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Room 2332N AVC North Annex sgreenwood@upei.ca Office phone # 566-6002 To

More information

Diseases of Concern: BVD and Trichomoniasis. Robert Mortimer, DVM Russell Daly, DVM Colorado State University South Dakota State University

Diseases of Concern: BVD and Trichomoniasis. Robert Mortimer, DVM Russell Daly, DVM Colorado State University South Dakota State University Diseases of Concern: BVD and Trichomoniasis Robert Mortimer, DVM Russell Daly, DVM Colorado State University South Dakota State University The Epidemiologic Triad Host Management Agent Environment Trichomoniasis

More information

Salmonella Dublin: Clinical Challenges and Control

Salmonella Dublin: Clinical Challenges and Control Salmonella Dublin: Clinical Challenges and Control Simon Peek BVSc, MRCVS PhD, DACVIM, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine Advancing animal and human health with science and compassion

More information

Johne s Disease. for Goat Owners

Johne s Disease. for Goat Owners Johne s Disease Q&A for Goat Owners The National Johne s Education Initiative recognizes Dr. Elisabeth Patton and Dr. Gretchen May with the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection

More information

New Mexico Department of Agriculture

New Mexico Department of Agriculture Veterinary Diagnostic Services New Mexico Department of Agriculture The New Mexico Organic Farming Conference 2018 New Mexico Scientific Laboratories New Mexico Department of Agriculture Veterinary Diagnostic

More information

Coccidia and Giardia Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment

Coccidia and Giardia Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment Coccidia and Giardia Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment Coccidia and Giardia are both intestinal protozoan parasites that are common in young puppies and kittens and older or debilitated adults. Their

More information

Contains most of the medically important tapeworms Scolex has 4 suckers and compact vitelline gland are characteristic Range from mm to >10m

Contains most of the medically important tapeworms Scolex has 4 suckers and compact vitelline gland are characteristic Range from mm to >10m Cyclophyllidae Contains most of the medically important tapeworms Scolex has 4 suckers and compact vitelline gland are characteristic Range from mm to >10m Family Taeniidae Taenia saginata: beef tapeworm

More information

TOXOPLASMOSIS - AN OVERVIEW

TOXOPLASMOSIS - AN OVERVIEW TOXOPLASMOSIS - AN OVERVIEW I JP Dubey Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2530,

More information

ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS

ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS 48 ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS 48.1 INTRODUCTION E granulosus are small tape worms that parasitize the intestines of carnivores like dogs. About one million people are infected with this tape worm worldwide.

More information

May 4-6, 2004 University of Arkansas

May 4-6, 2004 University of Arkansas May 4-6, 2004 University of Arkansas BSE Update Meat Industry Perspective Randall Huffman, Ph.D. V.P. Scientific Affairs American Meat Institute Foundation Tuesday, December 23 USDA Announcement Overview

More information

Eukaryotic Organisms

Eukaryotic Organisms Eukaryotic Organisms A Pictoral Guide of Supportive Illustrations to accompany Select Topics on Eukaryotic Oranisms Bacteria (Not Shown) Agent of Disease Reservoir Vector By Noel Ways Favorable Environmental

More information

9 Parasitology 9 EXERCISE EQA. Objectives EXERCISE

9 Parasitology 9 EXERCISE EQA. Objectives EXERCISE 0696T_c09_81-90.qxd 07/01/2004 23:19 Page 81 EXERCISE 9 Parasitology Exercise Pre-Test Attempt to answer the following questions before starting this exercise. They will serve as a guide to important concepts.

More information

Australian College of Veterinary Scientists Membership Examinationn. Medicine of Goats Paper 1

Australian College of Veterinary Scientists Membership Examinationn. Medicine of Goats Paper 1 Australian College of Veterinary Scientists Membership Examinationn June 2011 Medicine of Goats Paper 1 Perusal time: Fifteen (15) minutes Time allowed: Two (2) hours after perusal Answer ALL twenty (20)

More information

Medical Bacteriology- Lecture 14. Gram negative coccobacilli. Zoonosis. Brucella. Yersinia. Francesiella

Medical Bacteriology- Lecture 14. Gram negative coccobacilli. Zoonosis. Brucella. Yersinia. Francesiella Medical Bacteriology- Lecture 14 Gram negative coccobacilli Zoonosis Brucella Yersinia Francesiella 1 Zoonosis: A disease, primarily of animals, which is transmitted to humans as a result of direct or

More information

Coccidiosis in macropods and other species

Coccidiosis in macropods and other species Coccidiosis in macropods and other species Author: Derek Spielman Wildlife Assistance and Information Foundation; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, the University of Sydney Abstract This presentation

More information

COCCIDIOSIS FROM DAY

COCCIDIOSIS FROM DAY C O N T R O L COCCIDIOSIS FROM DAY COCCIDIOSIS CAN CAUSE SERIOUS ECONOMIC PROBLEMS Coccidiosis is caused by microscopic parasites (protozoa) which are common on-farm The coccidia destroy the intestinal

More information

A collaborative effortan investigation of suspect canine brucellosis

A collaborative effortan investigation of suspect canine brucellosis A collaborative effortan investigation of suspect canine brucellosis NJDOH Regional Epidemiologist: Sonya E. Frontin, MPH Warren County Health Department Public Health Planner: Sarah Perramant, MPH April

More information

Care and Handling of Pets

Care and Handling of Pets Communicable Disease Outreach Program 3020 Rucker Avenue, Suite 300 Everett, WA 98201-3900 425.339.5278 Care and Handling of Pets Name of facility: WIWS Pet restrictions 1. Pets will be inaccessible to

More information

BSE Update Meat Industry Perspective. Randall Huffman, Ph.D. V.P. Scientific Affairs American Meat Institute Foundation

BSE Update Meat Industry Perspective. Randall Huffman, Ph.D. V.P. Scientific Affairs American Meat Institute Foundation BSE Update Meat Industry Perspective Randall Huffman, Ph.D. V.P. Scientific Affairs American Meat Institute Foundation Tuesday, December 23 USDA Announcement Overview BSE and how it spreads Control measures

More information

SensPERT TM Giardia Test Kit

SensPERT TM Giardia Test Kit SensPERT TM Giardia Test Kit Giardia Test Kit Summary : Detection of specific antigens of Giardia within 10 minutes Principle : One-step immunochromatographic assay Detection Target : Giardia Lamblia antigen

More information

Mosquito Control Matters

Mosquito Control Matters Mosquito Control Matters Community Presentation: FIGHT THE BITE Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus Prevention Luz Maria Robles Public Information Officer Sacramento Yolo Mosquito & Vector Control District

More information

Feline and Canine Internal Parasites

Feline and Canine Internal Parasites Feline and Canine Internal Parasites Internal parasites are a very common problem among dogs. Almost all puppies are already infected with roundworm when still in the uterus, or get the infection immediately

More information

Infectious Disease. Topic-Actinomycosis. Topic-Anaerobic Infections. Topic-Aspergillosis - Disseminated. Topic-Blastomycosis.

Infectious Disease. Topic-Actinomycosis. Topic-Anaerobic Infections. Topic-Aspergillosis - Disseminated. Topic-Blastomycosis. Topic-Actinomycosis Figure 1. VD thoracic radiograph of consolidated lung lobe secondary to actinomycosis. Topic-Anaerobic Infections Figure 1. Test tube of effusive fluid removed from the thorax of a

More information

Biosecurity at the Farm Level. Dr. Ray Mobley Extension Veterinarian Florida A&M University. Introduction

Biosecurity at the Farm Level. Dr. Ray Mobley Extension Veterinarian Florida A&M University. Introduction Biosecurity at the Farm Level Dr. Ray Mobley Extension Veterinarian Florida A&M University Introduction Biosecurity (biological safety and well-being) is the management practices that prevent infectious

More information

We Check Your Pets For Internal Parasites

We Check Your Pets For Internal Parasites We Check Your Pets For Internal Parasites Why have a fecal exam done twice yearly? Hookworm egg, whipworm egg, roundworm egg Question: Vets typically want to a microscopic exam of a stool sample from our

More information

CMED 526/EPI 526 B.J. Weigler Spring 2007

CMED 526/EPI 526 B.J. Weigler Spring 2007 CMED 526/EPI 526 B.J. Weigler Spring 2007 Toxoplasmosis Agent: Taxonomy: Toxoplasma gondii Phylum Apicomplexa (= ~5000 spp.) Sporozoon coccidia Distribution: Definitive Host: Intermed. Hosts: Invertebrates:

More information

A survey of Neospora caninum-associated abortion in dairy cattle of Romania

A survey of Neospora caninum-associated abortion in dairy cattle of Romania A survey of Neospora caninum-associated abortion in dairy cattle of Romania Ovidiu Şuteu 1, Anamaria Paştiu 1, Adriana Györke 1, Gabriel Borza 1, Adrian Ardelean 2, Vasile Cozma 1 1 University of Agricultural

More information

Eukaryotic Parasites. An Illustrated Guide to Parsitic Life Cycles to Accompany Lecture. By Noel Ways

Eukaryotic Parasites. An Illustrated Guide to Parsitic Life Cycles to Accompany Lecture. By Noel Ways Eukaryotic Parasites An Illustrated Guide to Parsitic Life Cycles to Accompany Lecture By Noel Ways Giardia lamblia Life Cycle Reservoir: Beavers strongly implicated. Also, many other wild animals as well

More information

LABORATORY. The Protozoa. At the Bench

LABORATORY. The Protozoa. At the Bench LABORATORY Laboratory 8, Page 1 8 The Protozoa Introduction: The protozoa are unicellular animals that are classified on the basis of the organelles used for locomotion (flagella, pseudopodia, cilia or

More information

Enzootic abortion in sheep and its economic consequences

Enzootic abortion in sheep and its economic consequences Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Enzootic abortion in sheep and its economic consequences Author : Louise Silk Categories : Farm animal, Vets Date : February

More information

Enteric Clostridia 10/27/2011. C. perfringens: general. C. perfringens: Types & toxins. C. perfringens: Types & toxins

Enteric Clostridia 10/27/2011. C. perfringens: general. C. perfringens: Types & toxins. C. perfringens: Types & toxins C. perfringens: general Enteric Clostridia Formerly called C. welchii Thick rods, forming spores Non motile Grow fast Habitats: Soil and sewage and in the intestines of animals and humans Double zone hemolysis

More information

Understanding the Lifecycle of the Hydatid Tapeworm

Understanding the Lifecycle of the Hydatid Tapeworm Hydatid Tapeworm The Hydatid Tapeworm (scientific name Echinococcus granulosis) is one of a number of tapeworms that infect dogs. The reason this tapeworm is considered the most significant is that, unlike

More information

Toxoplasmosis By Amanda Baugh

Toxoplasmosis By Amanda Baugh Toxoplasmosis By Amanda Baugh Toxoplasmosis Etiological agent: protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (1). Domain: Eukaryota (unranked): Sar (unranked): Alveolata Phylum: Apicomplexa Class: Conoidasida Order:

More information

Farm Newsletter - February 2017

Farm Newsletter - February 2017 Farm Newsletter - February 2017 Lung Worm in Cattle The disease is caused by the worm Dictyocaulus viviparus. Adult worms live in the animal s lungs where they produce eggs which hatch quickly. The first

More information

Johne s Disease and its Impact on Red Meat Production

Johne s Disease and its Impact on Red Meat Production Johne s Disease and its Impact on Red Meat Production Frank Griffin, University of Otago http://www.otago.ac.nz Mycobacterium avium spps paratuberculosis (Map) causes Johne s disease Map looks harmless

More information

General introduction

General introduction Spirometra mansoni General introduction Distributed worldwide, mainly in southeast Asia. Larval infection of S. mansoni may cause serious clinical disease ---Sparganosis Morphology Adult worm measures

More information

Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. haematobium

Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. haematobium Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. haematobium The Organisms More than 200 million people are infected worldwide with Schistosoma species. The adult worms are long and slender (males are 6 12 mm in

More information

ANIMALS AFFECTED WHAT IS RABIES? INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION NEED TO KNOW INFORMATION FOR RABIES: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS

ANIMALS AFFECTED WHAT IS RABIES? INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION NEED TO KNOW INFORMATION FOR RABIES: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS Distributed by: Fact Sheet No. 19 Revised December 2013 THE AGRICULTURAL HEALTH & SAFETY NEED TO KNOW INFORMATION FOR RABIES: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS WHAT IS RABIES? Rabies is a disease caused by a virus

More information

INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS, PARVOVIRUS & DISTEMPER

INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS, PARVOVIRUS & DISTEMPER Canine VacciCheck INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS, PARVOVIRUS & DISTEMPER IgG ANTIBODY TEST KIT INSTRUCTION MANUAL Sufficient for 12/120 assays 13 JUL 2015 Biogal Galed Laboratories Acs. Ltd., tel: 972-4-9898605.

More information

Raw Pork,Trichinosis & Doctor B s BARF

Raw Pork,Trichinosis & Doctor B s BARF Raw Pork,Trichinosis & Doctor B s BARF Copyright Ian Billinghurst Introduction Many people refuse to eat pork themselves or feed pork to their pets. This can be for a variety of reasons. Unfortunately,

More information

HISTOPATHOLOGY. Introduction:

HISTOPATHOLOGY. Introduction: Introduction: HISTOPATHOLOGY Goats and sheep are the major domestic animal species in India. Much of the economy of the country has been depend upon the domestication of these animals. Especially economy

More information

Feline Leukemia Holly Nash, DVM, MS

Feline Leukemia Holly Nash, DVM, MS 1 of 7 2/5/2008 4:36 PM Feline Leukemia Holly Nash, DVM, MS Veterinary Services Department, Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc. What is feline leukemia? Feline leukemia is a cancerous disease caused by feline leukemia

More information

Hurricane Animal Hospital 2120 Mount Vernon Road Hurricane, WV or

Hurricane Animal Hospital 2120 Mount Vernon Road Hurricane, WV or Hurricane Animal Hospital 2120 Mount Vernon Road Hurricane, WV 25526 304-757-5937 or 304-757-2287 www.hurricaneanimalhospital.com Feline Leukemia Virus (FELV) This information handout is designed as a

More information

Protozoan Parasites: Flagellates, Amoebae, Ciliates & Apicomplexans

Protozoan Parasites: Flagellates, Amoebae, Ciliates & Apicomplexans Protozoan Parasites: Flagellates, Amoebae, Ciliates & Apicomplexans Spencer Greenwood BSc, MSc, PhD, DVM Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Office: 2332N AVC-North Annex Phone: 566-6002 Home: 892-4686 E-mail:

More information

Canine and Feline Distemper. Description. The following chart indicates the animals which are susceptible to infection by canine and feline distemp

Canine and Feline Distemper. Description. The following chart indicates the animals which are susceptible to infection by canine and feline distemp Canine and Feline Distemper Description Canine and feline distemper are diseases affecting many wild and domestic carnivo The following chart indicates the animals which are susceptible to infection by

More information

Hydatid Cyst Dr. Nora L. El-Tantawy

Hydatid Cyst Dr. Nora L. El-Tantawy Hydatid Cyst Dr. Nora L. El-Tantawy Ass. Prof. of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university, Egypt Echinococcus granulosus Geographical Distribution: cosmopolitan especially in sheep raising

More information

Johne s Disease Q&A. for Sheep Owners

Johne s Disease Q&A. for Sheep Owners Johne s Disease Q&A for Sheep Owners The National Johne s Education Initiative recognizes Dr. Elisabeth Patton and Dr. Gretchen May with the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection

More information

Canine Anaplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum Anaplasma platys

Canine Anaplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum Anaplasma platys Canine Anaplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum Anaplasma platys It takes just hours for an infected tick to transmit Anaplasma organisms to a dog. What is canine anaplasmosis? Canine anaplasmosis is a disease

More information

Scientific background concerning Echinococcus multilocularis. Muza Kirjušina, Daugavpils University, Latvia

Scientific background concerning Echinococcus multilocularis. Muza Kirjušina, Daugavpils University, Latvia Scientific background concerning Echinococcus multilocularis Muza Kirjušina, Daugavpils University, Latvia Echinococcus multilocularis Infection with the larval form causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE).

More information

Ticks and Lyme Disease

Ticks and Lyme Disease Ticks and Lyme Disease Get Tick Smart Know the bug Know the bite Know what to do Know the Bug Ticks are external parasites Arachnid family Feed on mammals and birds Found Worldwide Two groups hard and

More information

DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA PARASITIC CYSTS AND LESIONS IN MEAT JENNY TURTON

DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA PARASITIC CYSTS AND LESIONS IN MEAT JENNY TURTON DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA PARASITIC CYSTS AND LESIONS IN MEAT JENNY TURTON Information provided by Animal Health for Developing Farmers, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private

More information

Diagnosis, treatment and control: dealing with coccidiosis in cattle

Diagnosis, treatment and control: dealing with coccidiosis in cattle Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Diagnosis, treatment and control: dealing with coccidiosis in cattle Author : Adam Martin Categories : Vets Date : January

More information

Training Module No 8

Training Module No 8 Training Module No 8 Theory 1. Pneumonia 2. Coccidiosis 3. Orf 4. Notifiable diseases Property of Abafuyi Media Pneumonia treat with tetracycline Live animal: The symptoms include fever, lack of appetite,

More information

Coccidia in a Shelter Setting Video Transcript July 2013

Coccidia in a Shelter Setting Video Transcript July 2013 Coccidia in a Shelter Setting Video Transcript July 2013 This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised

More information

Mosquitoes & Diseases. Maxwell Lea, Jr. DVM State Veterinarian Louisiana Dept. of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Animal Health Services

Mosquitoes & Diseases. Maxwell Lea, Jr. DVM State Veterinarian Louisiana Dept. of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Animal Health Services Mosquitoes & Diseases Maxwell Lea, Jr. DVM State Veterinarian Louisiana Dept. of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Animal Health Services Canine Heartworm Disease Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis

More information

PARASITOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS CATALOGUE OF SERVICES AND PRICE LIST

PARASITOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS CATALOGUE OF SERVICES AND PRICE LIST INSTITUTE OF PARASITOLOGY Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg Justus Liebig University Giessen Schubertstrasse 81 35392 Giessen Germany Office: +49 (0) 641 99 38461 Fax: +49 (0) 641 99 38469 Coprological

More information

Feline Immunodefficiency Virus

Feline Immunodefficiency Virus Feline Immunodefficiency Virus by Skye Patterson - Revised 1-Jun-15 Cats who are infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) may not show symptoms until years after the initial infection occurred.

More information

Coccidioidomycosis Nothing to disclose

Coccidioidomycosis Nothing to disclose Coccidioidomycosis Nothing to disclose Disclosure Greg Melcher, M.D. Professor of Clinical Medicine Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine Zuckerman San Francisco General Hospital University of California,

More information

////////////////////////////////////////// Shelter Medicine

////////////////////////////////////////// Shelter Medicine ////////////////////////////////////////// Shelter Medicine To Test or Not to Test Confronting feline leukemia and feline immunodeficiency virus By Lila Miller, D.V.M. Just because a cat tests positive

More information

Outlines. Introduction Prevalence Resistance Clinical presentation Diagnosis Management Prevention Case presentation Achievements

Outlines. Introduction Prevalence Resistance Clinical presentation Diagnosis Management Prevention Case presentation Achievements Amal Meas Al-Anizi, PharmD Candidate KSU, Infectious Disease Rotation 2014 Outlines Introduction Prevalence Resistance Clinical presentation Diagnosis Management Prevention Case presentation Achievements

More information