TAURINE. Biological Actions and Clinical Perspectives

Transcription

1 TAURINE Biological Actions and Clinical Perspectives Proceedings of a Satellite Symposium of the 9th luphar Congress of Pharmacology Held at Hanasaari, Espoo/Helsinki August 6-8, 1984 Editors SIMO S. OJA Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Tampere Tampere, Finland LIISA AHTEE Department of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland PIRJO KONTRO Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Tampere Tampere, Finland MATTI K. PAASONEN Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of. Helsinki Helsinki, Finland UNfVERSIT&TS- BlttLIOTHEK ALAN R. LISS, INC., NEW YORK

2 Contents Contributors Preface Simo S. Oja, Liisa Ahtee, Pirjo Kontro, and Matti K. Paasonen xi xvii Section I. Nutritional and Developmental Aspects Taurine in Human Nutrition: Overview Gerald E. Gaull, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, and Charles E. Wright 3 Nutritional Significance of Cysteine Dioxygenase on the Biological Evaluation of Dietary Protein in Growing Rats Kenji Yamaguchi, Yu Hosokawa, Siro Niizeki, Hitomi Tojo, and Ikuo Sato 23 Renal Cortex Taurine Concentration Regulates Renal Adaptive Response to Altered Dietary Intake of Sulfur Amino Acids Russell W. Chesney, Naomi Gusowski, Shermine Dabbagh, and Marcia Padilla 33 Taurine Deficiency in the Developing Cat: Persistence of the Cerebellar External Granule Cell Layer John A. Sturman, Roger C. Moretz, Joseph H. French, and Henryk M. Wisniewski 43 Dietary Taurine Is Necessary for Normal Retinal Development in Monkeys Martha Neuringer, John A. Sturman, Guang Y. Wen, and Henryk M. Wisniewski 53 Lead Administration During Gestation and Suckling Transiently Elevates Taurine Concentration in the Brain of Developing Rats Liisa Ahtee, Helena Latvala, and Maija-Liisa Vahala 63 Section II. Taurine and Cellular Metabolism The Biological Oxidation of Hypotaurine to Taurine: Hypotaurine as an Antioxidant J.H. Fellman and E.S. Roth 71 Hypotaurine Oxidation by Mouse Liver Tissue Pirjo Kontro and S.S. Oja 83 vii

3 viii / Contents Alteration of Cerebral Biosynthesis of Taurine in Spontaneously Hypertensive and 3-Acetylpyridine Intoxicated Rats Kinya Kuriyama, Shuji Ida, Seitaro Ohkuma, and Yoshiko Tanaka 91 Taurine Can Form Small Peptides With a Number of Amino Acids Pekka Lahdesmaki and Kirsi-Marja Marnela GIutamyltransferase in the Brain and Its Role in Formation of y-l-glutamyl-taurine Vince Varga, Katalin Torok, Laszlo Feuer, Jozsef Gulyas, and Janos Somogyi 115 The Low Affinity Taurine-binding Protein May Be Related to the Insulin Receptor Elliott C. Kulakowski, Joseph Maturo, and Stephen W. Schaffer 127 Taurine Scavenges Oxidized Chlorine in Biological Systems Charles E. Wright, Tesu T. Lin, Yong Y. Lin, John A. Sturman, and Gerald E. Gaull 137 The Osmoregulatory Function of Taurine and Glutamic Acid Nico M. van Gelder and Andre Barbeau 149 Section III. Taurine in Heart: Cardiovascular Disorders Effect of Taurine Depletion and Treatment on Cardiac Contractility and Metabolism S.W. Schaffer, M. Seyed-Mozaffari, J. Kramer, and B.H. Tan 167 A Protective Effect of Taurine on "Hypoxic" and "Reoxygenated" Guinea Pig Heart F. Franconi, I. Stendardi, R. Matucci, F. Bennardini, C. Baccaro, and A. Giotti 177 Effect of Taurine on Cardiovascular Disturbances in Rats With Chronic Renal Failure D.V. Michalk, G. Enzner, R. Seider, and H. Bohles 183 Taurine and Failing Heart: Experimental and Clinical Aspects Junichi Azuma, Keiko Takihara, Nobuhisa Awata, Akihiko Sawamura, Hideyuki Ohta, Tomoyuki Hamaguchi, Yuya Tanaka, Kanji Fukuda, and Susumu Kishimoto 195 Proposal of Cascade Action of Taurine Related Sulfur Amino Acids on Cardiac and Vascular Sympathetic Nerves: Protection and Therapy of Injuries After Tooth Extraction in Guinea Pigs Ryuta Ito, Toshimitsu Uchiyama, Hiromitsu Ohno, and Tadayuki Kohda Blood Platelets: Accumulation and Release of Taurine Matti K. Paasonen, Erkka Solatunturi, and Marja-Leena Nieminen 225 Section IV. Taurine as Neurotransmitter and -modulator Mechanisms of Stimulated Taurine Release From Nervous Tissue S.S. Oja, E.R. Korpi, I. Holopainen, and Pirjo Kontro 237

4 Contents / ix Properties of Sodium-independent Taurine Binding to Brain Synaptic Membranes Pirjo Kontro and S.S. Oja 249 Immunocytochemical and Physiological Identification of Taurine Neurons in the Mammalian CNS Jang-Yen Wu, C.-T. Lin, R. Thalmann, K. Taber, G.-X. Song, and Y.Y.T. Su 261 Neurochemical Relation Between Excitatory and Inhibitory Amino Acids in Hippocampus Akemichi Baba, Hiroshi Morimoto, and Heitaroh Iwata 271 Taurine on Hippocampal Slices: Comparison to GABA and Glycine, and Antagonism by 4-Aminopyridine Marc Zeise 281 In Vivo Regulation of Extracellular Taurine and Other Neuroactive Amino Acids in the Rabbit Hippocampus Anders Lehmann, Henrik Hagberg, Britta Nystrom, Mats Sandberg, and Anders Hamberger 289 Pharmacological Evidence for Taurine as an Inhibitory Neurotransmitter in the Cerebellum Yutaka Sakai, Koichi Okamoto, and Hideo Kimura 313 Possible Involvement of Calmodulin in Modulatory Role of Taurine in Rat Cerebral /3-Adrenergic Neurons T. Segawa, Y. Nomura, and I. Shimazaki 321 Taurine and Its Derivatives Alter Brain Dopamine Metabolism Similarly to GABA in Mice and Rats Liisa Ahtee and Maija-Liisa Vahala 331 The Role and Mechanism of Action of Taurine in Mammalian Thermoregulation G.P. Sgaragli and M. Palmi 343 Section V. Function of Taurine in Retina Taurine Transport and Metabolism in Human Retinoblastoma Cells Mark A. Yorek and Arthur A. Spector... ; 361 Taurine: A Physiological Stabilizer of Photoreceptor Membranes Herminia Pasantes-Morales and Carlos Cruz 371 Inhibition by Taurine of the Phosphorylation of Rat Retinal Membranes J.B. Lombardini 383 Section VI. Taurine and Neurological Disorders Specific Increase of Taurine in Denervated Skeletal Muscle Heitaroh Iwata and Akemichi Baba 397 Muscle Taurine in Chicken and Diseased Human Muscle E.M. Airaksinen and J. Partanen 407

5 x / Contents Taurine and Related Amino Acids in Seizure Disorders Current Controversies Ruggero G. Fariello, Gregory T. Golden, and Richard B. McNeal, h\... '. 413 Reduced Taurine Contents and Modification of Anticonvulsive Effects of Phenobarbital and Phenytoin by Guanidinoethane Sulfonate in Mice Kanji Izumi, Chikara Kishita, Kazuo Nakagawa, Ryan J. Huxtable, Takao Shimizu, Takeshi Koja, and Takeo Fukuda 425 The Anticonvulsant Actions of Two Taurine Derivatives in Genetic and Chemically Induced Seizures Ryan J. Huxtable and Kazuo Nakagawa 435 Effects of Taurine and Taurine Analogues oil Aggressive Behavior P. Mandel, R.C. Gupta, J.J. Bourguignon, C.G. Wermuth, V. Molina, S. Gobaille, L. Ciesielski, and S. Simler 449 Concluding Remarks Ryan J. Huxtable 459 Index 463