N.C. A and T List of Approved Analgesics 1 of 5

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1 1 of 5 Note to user: This list of commonly used analgesics and sedatives is not all-inclusive. The absence of an agent does not necessarily mean it is unacceptable. For any questions, call the Clinical Veterinarian at In all cases, the IACUC must approve the use of any agents in an application or amendment before they can be used. Reference to this list does not confer approval. Consultation with the attending veterinarian must occur when choosing an anesthetic. Changes to anesthetics after approval of protocol requires the approval of the attending veterinarian and the submission of an amendment to the IACUC. Analgesics/Sedatives Species Dosage Route/Frequency Comments Acepromazine (tranquilizer) Phenothiazine neuroleptic that blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors; has no analgesic effects; hypotensive Rabbit 1-2 I/M for sedation Acetaminophen (analgesic) Cyclooxygenase inhibitor that does not possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. Potentiates effects of coumarin or inandione anticoagulants. Do not use postop after halothane anesthesia or in combination with other analgesics as this rat 6 mg/ml of drinking water PO FOR MINOR PROCEDURES ONLY PO by gavage every 4 hours Use only cherry flavored elixir and change water weekly. Bupivacaine (local analgesic) rat 500 µl maximum wound infiltration Use a 0.25 % solution - unpublished dose mouse 100 µl maximum wound infiltration Use a 0.25 % solution - unpublished dose Buprenorphine (analgesic) Controlled substance Partial opiate agonist; rarely may cause respiratory depression; may cause pica in

2 2 of 5 Dog IM, IV, SC every 6-12 hrs 0.05 SC every 6-12 hrs Mouse SC every 6-12 hrs May cause mortality when used with avertin. Wait to administer until Rat SC every 6-12 hrs Wait to administer until ambulatory as it can prolong recovery from anesthesia Rabbit SC every 6-12 hrs Swine IM, IV q6-12h Butorphanol (analgesic) Controlled substance Partial opiate agonist/antagonist related to morphine; use with caution in animals with liver disease, hypothyroidism, renal insufficiency, Addison's, head trauma, dog IM, IV, SC every 4 hrs mouse SC every 4 hrs rat SC every 4 hrs May decrease mothering behavior of rabbit IV q4h OR IM, IV, SC every 4 hrs swine IM Analgesic dosage Butorphanol & acepromazine (sedation and analgesia) cat & IM, IV dog & IM, IV rabbit 1 & 1 IM For sedation and analgesia.

3 Carprofen (analgesic) N.C. A and T List of Approved Analgesics 3 of 5 Dog 2.2 PO twice Rat 5 SC once Mouse 5 SC once Rabbit 1.5 PO twice Swine 2-4 IV, SC once Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) inhibits cyclooxygenase, phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin synthesis; do not use in animals with Diazepam (sedation/anxiolytic) Cat 1 IV max 5mg OR IM, IV, PO Dog 1 IV max 20mg OR IM, IV, PO IP, IM Mouse 5 IP Rat 2 IV IM, IP Rabbit 2 IV 4-10 IM, IP Swine IM IV Benzodiazepine; muscle relaxant, hypnotic, appetite stimulant and anticonvulsant; may cause excitement; may be teratogenic; additive with other CNS depressant agents, Flunixin (analgesic) NSAID very potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic; may cause GI distress; use with caution in animals with

4 4 of 5 Dog 1 SC, IM once Use for a maximum of 3 days. Rabbit 1.1 SC, IM try twice Use for a maximum of 3 days. Swine IV, SC up to twice Use for a maximum of 3 days. Ketoprofen (analgesic) Dog 2 once then 1 SC, IM, PO once Rat 5 SC once Rabbit 1-3 SC, IM every hrs Swine 3 IM once for up to 3 days NSAID inhibiting cyclooxygenase catalysis of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin precursors ; potential for GI irritation, renal Medetomidine (sedation) Dog 750 µg/m 2 IV 1000 µg/m 2 IM 500 µg/kg SC Mouse µg/kg SC Rat µg/kg IP, SC Rabbit µg/kg IM, SC A2 adrenergic, sedative analgesic; contraindicated in cardiac disease, respiratory disorders, liver or kidney disease; not recommended in pregnant animals; may cause bradycardia,

5 Meloxicam (analgesic) N.C. A and T List of Approved Analgesics 5 of 5 Dog 0.2 once then 0.1 IV, SC, PO once Rat 1 SC once for 2 days NSAID, COX-2 preferential; antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic; less GI, renal and liver toxicity than older NSAIDS; drug interactions with warfarin, heparin, ACE inhibitors, etc. Contact Naproxen (analgesic) Dog 5 then Rabbit 2.4 mg/ml in drinking water PO once Rat 14.5 PO once Mouse PO once 14.9 PO once NSAID, propionic acid derivative similar to ibuprofen and ketoprofen with inhibition of cyclooxygenase; GI, hematologic, renal and CNS effects potentially; contact DLAM for drug interactions primarily with other