Impact of pharmaceuticals discharges on the receiving environment: a two years monitoring results

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1 Impact of pharmaceuticals discharges on the receiving environment: a two years monitoring results TRACES Group Technology and Research in Analytical Chemistry for Environment, health and their interactions Laure Wiest, Alexandre Bergé, Robert Baudot and Emmanuelle Vulliet 1

2 The SIPIBEL Site In 2012, opening of a new hospital : the Alps-Léman Hospital Center (CHAL) WW discharged into the Arve river Bellecombe WWTP 2

3 The SIPIBEL Site A field observatory Seven sampling sites 130 parameters Research actions Pollutant flows Treatment Risk Sociology 3

4 The SIPIBEL Observatory beds 30,000 habitants 4

5 The SIPIBEL Observatory Physico-chemistry 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ph, total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), phosphates (PO 4 3- ), kjedahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonium (NH 4+ ), adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) Emerging compounds Pharmaceuticals Microbiology Bacterial resistance to antibiotics Bioassays Microalgae, microcrustacean Endocrine disruptor Data base SIPIBEL 40,000 data 5

Pharmaceuticals Selection MOLECULE CONSOMME DOSABLE / EAU DOSABLE / CHAL ORGANISMES 1 17-β-ETHINYLESTRADIOL-EE2 1 4 ACIDE SALICYLIQUE 1 1 5 AMIODARONE 1 2 6 AMITRIPTYLINE 1 1 7 ATÉNOLOL 1 1 9

6 Pharmaceuticals Selection MOLECULE CONSOMME DOSABLE / EAU DOSABLE / CHAL ORGANISMES 1 17-β-ETHINYLESTRADIOL-EE2 1 4 ACIDE SALICYLIQUE AMIODARONE AMITRIPTYLINE ATÉNOLOL AZTREONAM 1 10 BÉZAFIBRATE 1 11 CARBAMAZEPINE CIPROFLOXACINE DESLORATADINE DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE 3 18 DICLOFENAC ECONAZOLE HEXETIDINE 2 27 IBUPROFENE ITRACONAZOLE 1 35 KETOPROFEN LÉVONORGESTREL MEROPENEME MIFEPRISTONE MITOTANE NICARDIPINE NORÉTHINDRONE 1 48 NORGESTIMATE 2 49 OXAZÉPAM PARACETAMOL PROPRANOLOL RITONAVIR ROXITHROMYCINE SULFAMETHOXAZOLE TAMOXIFENE TELITHROMYCINE VANCOMYCINE A list of 62 compounds - Hospital consumption - Domestic consumtion - PBT Index - A list of 35 compounds - Analytical feasibility - A list of 15 compounds - Economical feasibility 6

Pharmaceuticals List Analgesic Paracetamol Salicylic Acid Anti-inflammatory Ketoprofen Diclofenac Ibuprofen Beta-blocker Atenolol Propranolol

7 Pharmaceuticals List Analgesic Paracetamol Salicylic Acid Anti-inflammatory Ketoprofen Diclofenac Ibuprofen Beta-blocker Atenolol Propranolol Anti-fungal: Econazole Hormone: Ethinylestradiol Anti-convulsant: Carbamazepine Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole Ciprofloxacin Aztreonam Meropenem Vancomycin

8 Analytical Method Sensitivity Wastewater 0.1 ng/l 1 ng/l 10 ng/l 100 ng/l 1 µg/l 10 µg/l 100 µg/l 1 mg/l 10 mg/l Surface water 0.1 ng/l 1 ng/l 10 ng/l 100 ng/l 1 µg/l 10 µg/l 100 µg/l 1 mg/l 10 mg/l 8

9 Raw wastewater Domestic vs Hospital

10 Domestic Wastewater 10

11 Hospital Wastewater 11

12 Raw WW: Concentrations 50 Concentrations (µg/l) Domestic Hospital 10 0 Ketoprofen Ciprofloxacin Sulfamethoxazole Vancomycin 12

Raw WW: Flows /40 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Flow (g/day) Domestic 4800 m 3 /d Ketoprofen

13 Raw WW: Flows / Flow (g/day) Domestic 4800 m 3 /d Ketoprofen Ciprofloxacin Sulfamethoxazole Vancomycin Hospital 130 m 3 /d Domestic Hospital 13

14 Raw WW: Variability 14

15 Raw WW: Metabolites Diclofenac (DCF) DCF COH DCF lactam DCF CH 2 OH CPAB Oxindole DCF 4 OH DCF 5 OH DCF carboxylic acid DCF glucuronide Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) SMX N-acetylated SMX glucuronide SMX iso 15

16 Raw WW: Metabolites Diclofenac (DCF) DCF COH DCF lactam DCF CH 2 OH CPAB Oxindole DCF 4 OH DCF 5 OH DCF carboxylic acid DCF glucuronide Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) SMX N-acetylated SMX glucuronide SMX iso 16

17 Raw WW: Metabolites Diclofenac (DCF) DCF COH DCF lactam DCF CH 2 OH CPAB Oxindole DCF 4 OH DCF 5 OH DCF carboxylic acid DCF glucuronide Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) SMX N-acetylated SMX glucuronide SMX iso 17

18 Wastewater treatment

19 Treated Wastewater 19

20 Treated WW: Flows 2,5 Flow (g/day) 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Urbain Hôpital 20

21 Removal efficiency 120 Removal (%) Domestic Hospital 0 21

22 Removal efficiency: variability Domestic WW Treatment 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 Diclofenac Ibuprofen Diclofenac 22

23 Removal efficiency: variability Hospital WW Treatment 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 Diclofenac Ibuprofen Diclofenac 23

24 Surface water

25 Arve Upstream Detection Frequency (%) Propranolol Ibuprofen Paracetamol < 30 % 30 à 70 % > 70 % Sulfamethoxazole Salicylic acid Econazole Ciprofloxacin Carbamazepine Ketoprofen Diclofenac Atenolol Not detected: * Ethinylestradiol * Hospital antibiotics Concentration (ng/l) 25

26 Arve Downstream 26

27 Arve: a ressource for Human consumption Groundwater surface France-Switzerland border SIPIBEL Observatory 27

28 Arve: a ressource for Human consumption Groundwater surface France-Switzerland border SIPIBEL Observatory 28

29 Conclusions And Perspectives. 29

Conclusions Large scale of time and space consolidated data Raw and treated Wastewater, Surface water and groundwater Two years monitoring Hospital vs Domestic Wastewaters Hospital > Domestic in

30 Conclusions Large scale of time and space consolidated data Raw and treated Wastewater, Surface water and groundwater Two years monitoring Hospital vs Domestic Wastewaters Hospital > Domestic in terms of concentrations Hospital < Domestic in terms of flows Mean removal efficiencies >50 % except Diclofenac and Carbamazepine Surface water and groundwater contamination in the ng/l range 30

31 Perspectives - Evolution of the list of Pharmaceuticals - Activated sludge analysis - Statistical correlation between parameters - Perspectives of the SIPIBEL observatory - Survey of Pharmaceuticals until at least New projects? 31

32 Acknowledgments TRACES Group: Robert BAUDOT Alexandre BERGE Maëva FIEU Emmanuelle VULLIET GRAIE: Vivien LECOMTE Elodie BRELOT 32

33 Thank you! 33

Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Organic Wastewater Compounds in Pennsylvania Waters

Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Organic Wastewater Compounds in Pennsylvania Waters U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5106 Background Pharmaceuticals, Hormones,