Antibiotics: mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Slides made by Special consultant Henrik Hasman Statens Serum Institut
|
|
- Claude Neal
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Antibiotics: mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Slides made by Special consultant Henrik Hasman Statens Serum Institut
2 This presentation Definitions needed to discuss antimicrobial resistance Classes of antimicrobial drugs Targets for antimicrobials Mechanisms of resistance Exercises
3 What is the difference between antibiotics and antimicrobial agents?
4 Antibiotics: Naturally occurring microbial products Antimicrobial agents: Any agent used to treat systemic infections Any agent used for disinfection Any compound used as an antiseptic agent
5 Can anybody name an antibiotic? Can anybody name an antimicrobial agent?
6 70% ethanol is a product from microorganisms and kills bacteria. Is ethanol an antibiotic? NO! Antibiotics should not be harmful to the host in the concentrations used for treatment! Furthermore, they should be able to enter the site of infection in therapeutic concentrations.
7 Why does bacteria produce antibiotics? Chemical warfare This gives the antibiotic-producing organism a growth advantage in its niche
8 Antibiotic Antibioticproducing organism
9 Staphylococcus aureus (bacterium) Penicillium chrysogenum (fungus) Zone where bacterial growth is inhibited
10 Antibiotics: The short version Class Aminoglycosides Cephalosporins Macrolides Penicillins Phenicols Quinolones Rifamycins Sulfonamides Tetracyclines Origin/organism Streptomyces, Micromonospora sp Cephalosporium sp Various Actinomycetes Penicillium sp Streptomyces venezuelae* Synthetic Amycolatopsis mediterranei Synthetic Streptomyces sp
11 Mechanisms of antibiotics I Bacteriostatic Stops growth of the infectious agent but does not kill it The immune system has to kill the bug Bactericidal Actively kills the infectious agent (some only growing bacteria)
12 Bacteriostatic antibiotic classes Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Apramycin, Neomycin, Spectinomycin, Streptomycin) Sulphonamides (Sulphamethoxazole) Macrolides (Erythromycin) Amphenicols (Chlorphenicol, Florphenicol) Trimethoprim Polymoxins (Colistin)
13 Bactericidal antibiotics classes Beta-lactams Penicillins (ampicillin, methicillin) Cephalosporins (Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftiofur) Monobactams (Aztreonam) Carbapenems (Imipenem, Meropenem, Erthapenem) Quinolones (Nalidixan) Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin) Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)
14 Spectrum? Small spectrum Only kills a small sub-set of bacterial species (e.g. Strep s) Broad spectrum Kills many different bacterial species including G-ve s
15 Spectrum of antibiotics
16 Which processes does antimicrobial agents interfere with in bacteria?
17 To kill a bacteria, an antimicrobial agent should hit vital processes in bacteria. Can anybody name at least one such process?
18 Antibiotics: Modes of action Inhibitors of DNA synthesis Inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis Inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis
19 From DNA to protein RNA polymerase Nucleotides A G Ribosome T C RNA polymerase
20 Bacterial growth
21 A bacterial cell wall is composed of a macromolecule of peptidoglycan composed of NAG-NAM chains that are cross-linked by peptide bridges between the NAM subunits. New NAG and NAM subunits are inserted into the wall by enzymes, allowing the cell to grow. Normally, other enzymes link new NAM subunits to old NAM subunits with peptide cross-links. Growth Normal bacterial cell wall NAM NAG Cross-link NAG-NAM chain NAG = N-acetylglucosamine NAM = N-acetyl muramic acid
22 Figure 10.3d The effect of penicillin on peptidoglycan in preventing NAM-NAM cross-links Penicillin interferes with the linking enzymes, and NAM subunits remain unattached to their neighbors. However, the cell continues to grow as it adds more NAG and NAM subunits. The cell bursts from osmotic pressure because the integrity of peptidoglycan is not maintained. Growth New NAM-NAM cross-links inhibited by penicillin Previously formed cross-links remain unchanged
23 Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Penicillin
24 Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S (30S and 50S) Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S (40S and 60S) Drugs can selectively target translation Mitochondria of animals and humans contain 70S ribosomes Therefore, antimicrobials interacting with the 70S can be harmful if they are able to penetrate the host (eukariotic) cells
25 Antimicrobials that inhibit protein synthesis 30 S subunit Aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and gentamicin Tetracyclines 50 S subunit Chloramphenicol, lincosamides, streptogramins, and macrolides such as erythromycin
26
27 Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis Quinolones (Naldixic acid) and fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin) Act against prokaryotic DNA gyrase (part of the DNA replication machinery) DNA gyrase (Fluoro-) quinolones DNA 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
28 Antibiotics Cell wall synthesis β-lactams: Penicillin Cephalosporins Monobaktams Carbapenems Vancomycin Anti metabolittes Sulfonamides Trimethroprim DNA replication Fluoquinolones Metronidazole RNA-polymerase Rifampicin Protein syntese Inhibitors (50s) Macrolides chloramphenikol Clindamycin Cell membrane Polymyxin Amphotericin Protein syntese Inhibitors (30s) Tetracyclines Aminoglykocides Fucidinic acid
29
30 How do we measure the effect of an antimicrobial agent against a given pathogen?
31 Dilution method MIC
32 Question How can we discriminate between biocidal and biostatic antimicrobial agents in a MIC experiment?
33 MIC results Wild type population Name MIC Isolate 1 1 mg/ml Isolate 2 2 mg/ml Isolate 3 4 mg/ml Isolate 4 2 mg/ml Isolate 5 2 mg/ml Isolate 6 4 mg/ml Isolate 7 1 mg/ml Isolate 8 2 mg/ml Isolate 9 1 mg/ml Isolate 10 2 mg/ml Isolate 11 2 mg/ml MIC distribution of Wild type bacterial populations MIC=1 MIC=2 MIC=4
34 Cefotaxime susceptibility testing in E. coli % isolates
35 What is antimicrobial resistance?
36 superbugs Microorganisms with multiply resistance MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VISA VRE - vancomycin-resistant enterococci ESBLs - extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (microorganisms resistant to cephalosporins) vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcі % Staphylococcus infections were cured by penicillin 1982 only 10 % infections At nowadays?... MRSA causes deaths annually in USA
37 What is antimicrobial resistance I? The ability of a microorganism to survive at a given concentration of an antimicrobial agent at which the wild type population of the microorganism would be killed This is called the microbiological breakpoint. EUCAST* is defining the microbiological breakpoints. *European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
38 Population distribution 60 Resistant population (non-wild type population) = Number of isolates Sensitive population (wild type population) Break point >128 µg/ml MIC 0,25 0, MIC > Breakpoint! Resistant (R > 8 or R 16)
Antimicrobials & Resistance
Antimicrobials & Resistance History 1908, Paul Ehrlich - Arsenic compound Arsphenamine 1929, Alexander Fleming - Discovery of Penicillin 1935, Gerhard Domag - Discovery of the red dye Prontosil (sulfonamide)
More informationSelective toxicity. Antimicrobial Drugs. Alexander Fleming 10/17/2016
Selective toxicity Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 20 BIO 220 Drugs must work inside the host and harm the infective pathogens, but not the host Antibiotics are compounds produced by fungi or bacteria that
More informationAntibiotics. Antimicrobial Drugs. Alexander Fleming 10/18/2017
Antibiotics Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 20 BIO 220 Antibiotics are compounds produced by fungi or bacteria that inhibit or kill competing microbial species Antimicrobial drugs must display selective toxicity,
More informationMechanism of antibiotic resistance
Mechanism of antibiotic resistance Dr.Siriwoot Sookkhee Ph.D (Biopharmaceutics) Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University Antibiotic resistance Cross-resistance : resistance
More informationAntibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria Electron Micrograph of E. Coli Diseases Caused by Bacteria 1928 1 2 Fleming 3 discovers penicillin the first antibiotic. Some Clinically Important Antibiotics Antibiotic
More informationAntibiotics & Resistance
What are antibiotics? Antibiotics & esistance Antibiotics are molecules that stop bacteria from growing or kill them Antibiotics, agents against life - either natural or synthetic chemicals - designed
More informationChapter concepts: What are antibiotics, the different types, and how do they work? Antibiotics
Chapter concepts: Antibiotics What are antibiotics, the different types, and how do they work? How do we decided on the most appropriate antibiotic treatment? What are some of the ways that bacteria are
More informationAntibacterial therapy 1. د. حامد الزعبي Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi
Antibacterial therapy 1 د. حامد الزعبي Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi ILOs Principles and terms Different categories of antibiotics Spectrum of activity and mechanism of action Resistancs Antibacterial therapy What
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi
number 8 Done by Corrected by Doctor Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi 25 10/10/2017 Antibacterial therapy 2 د. حامد الزعبي Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi Antibacterial therapy Figure 2/ Antibiotics target Inhibition of microbial
More informationIntroduction to Chemotherapeutic Agents. Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The university of Jordan November 2018
Introduction to Chemotherapeutic Agents Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The university of Jordan November 2018 Antimicrobial Agents Substances that kill bacteria without harming the host.
More informationPharm 262: Antibiotics. 1 Pharmaceutical Microbiology II DR. C. AGYARE
Pharm 262: 1 Pharmaceutical Microbiology II Antibiotics DR. C. AGYARE Reference Books 2 HUGO, W.B., RUSSELL, A.D. Pharmaceutical Microbiology. 6 th Ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, 1998. WALSH, G. Biopharmaceuticals:
More informationChapter 12. Antimicrobial Therapy. Antibiotics 3/31/2010. Spectrum of antibiotics and targets
Chapter 12 Topics: - Antimicrobial Therapy - Selective Toxicity - Survey of Antimicrobial Drug - Microbial Drug Resistance - Drug and Host Interaction Antimicrobial Therapy Ehrlich (1900 s) compound 606
More informationAntimicrobial Therapy
Chapter 12 The Elements of Chemotherapy Topics - Antimicrobial Therapy - Selective Toxicity - Survey of Antimicrobial Drug - Microbial Drug Resistance - Drug and Host Interaction Antimicrobial Therapy
More informationAntibacterial susceptibility testing
Antibiotics: Antil susceptibility testing are natural chemical substances produced by certain groups of microorganisms (fungi, ) that inhibit the growth of or kill the other that cause infection. Several
More informationInhibiting Microbial Growth in vivo. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Zeina Alkudmani
Inhibiting Microbial Growth in vivo CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Zeina Alkudmani Chemotherapy Definitions The use of any chemical (drug) to treat any disease or condition. Chemotherapeutic Agent Any drug
More informationBurton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences. Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents Chapter 9 Outline Introduction Characteristics of an Ideal Antimicrobial Agent How
More informationMicrobiology : antimicrobial drugs. Sheet 11. Ali abualhija
Microbiology : antimicrobial drugs Sheet 11 Ali abualhija return to our topic antimicrobial drugs, we have finished major group of antimicrobial drugs which associated with inhibition of protein synthesis
More informationChallenges Emerging resistance Fewer new drugs MRSA and other resistant pathogens are major problems
Micro 301 Antimicrobial Drugs 11/7/12 Significance of antimicrobial drugs Challenges Emerging resistance Fewer new drugs MRSA and other resistant pathogens are major problems Definitions Antibiotic Selective
More informationbacteria fungi HOW? WHAT? protozoa virus Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs bacteria fungi HOW? WHAT?
More informationControlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs bacteria fungi HOW? WHAT?
More informationControlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs bacteria fungi HOW? WHAT?
More informationControlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs Interesting News https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601138/the-fridge-laserthat-detects-bacteria-crawling-all-over-food/
More informationIntroduction to Antimicrobials. Lecture Aim: To provide a brief introduction to antibiotics. Future lectures will go into more detail.
Introduction to Antimicrobials Rachel J. Gordon, MD, MPH Lecture Aim: To provide a brief introduction to antibiotics. Future lectures will go into more detail. Major Learning Objectives: 1) Learn the different
More informationChemotherapy of bacterial infections. Part II. Mechanisms of Resistance. evolution of antimicrobial resistance
Chemotherapy of bacterial infections. Part II. Mechanisms of Resistance evolution of antimicrobial resistance Mechanism of bacterial genetic variability Point mutations may occur in a nucleotide base pair,
More informationMicrobiology ( Bacteriology) sheet # 7
Microbiology ( Bacteriology) sheet # 7 Revision of last lecture : Each type of antimicrobial drug normally targets a specific structure or component of the bacterial cell eg:( cell wall, cell membrane,
More informationمادة االدوية المرحلة الثالثة م. غدير حاتم محمد
م. مادة االدوية المرحلة الثالثة م. غدير حاتم محمد 2017-2016 ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS Antimicrobial drugs Lecture 1 Antimicrobial Drugs Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to treat a disease. Antimicrobial drugs:
More informationControlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 12 Topics - Antimicrobial Therapy - Selective Toxicity - Survey of Antimicrobial Drug - Microbial Drug Resistance - Drug and Host Interaction
More informationAntibiotic. Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting
Antibiotic Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting Any substance of natural, synthetic or semisynthetic origin which at low concentrations kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria
More informationAntimicrobials. Antimicrobials
Antimicrobials For more than 50 years, antibiotics have come to the rescue by routinely producing rapid and long-lasting miracle cures. However, from the beginning antibiotics have selected for resistance
More informationCSLO3. Distinguish between mechanisms of physical and chemical agents to control microbial populations.
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University CSLO3. Distinguish between mechanisms of physical and chemical agents to control microbial populations.
More informationANTIBIOTICS USED FOR RESISTACE BACTERIA. 1. Vancomicin
ANTIBIOTICS USED FOR RESISTACE BACTERIA 1. Vancomicin Vancomycin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria. It belongs to the family of medicines called antibiotics. Vancomycin works by killing bacteria
More informationAntimicrobial Drugs. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 20 Antimicrobial Drugs The History of Chemotherapy Selective toxicity: selectively finding and
More informationQ1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants.
Q1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants. C. difficile rarely causes problems, either in healthy adults or in infants.
More informationWHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
CHAPTER 20 ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? The most important problem associated with infectious disease today is the rapid development of resistance to antibiotics It will force us to change
More informationIntroduction to antimicrobial agents
Introduction to antimicrobial agents Kwan Soo Ko Action mechanisms of antimicrobials Bacteriostatic agents, such as tetracycline - Inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria - Upon exposure to a
More informationAntimicrobial chemotherapy - history - principles and practice - mode of action, resistance. Dr. Berek Zsuzsa. 01 October 2013
Antimicrobial chemotherapy - history - principles and practice - mode of action, resistance Dr. Berek Zsuzsa 01 October 2013 How to kill Microbes? Extracorporal sterilisation disinfecting prevention Intracorporal
More informationAntimicrobial agents
Bacteriology Antimicrobial agents Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lecture, the students should be able to: Identify mechanisms of action of antimicrobial Drugs Know and understand key concepts about
More informationOverview of antibiotic combination issues.
Overview of antibiotic combination issues. Professor Anthony Coates St George s, University of London Founder, CSO, Helperby Therapeutics Ltd The most serious problem is Carbapenem resistant Gram-negatives
More informationChapter 20. Antimicrobial Drugs. Lectures prepared by Christine L. Case Pearson Education, Inc. Lectures prepared by Christine L.
Chapter 20 Antimicrobial Drugs Lectures prepared by Christine L. Case Copyright Lectures prepared by Christine L. Case The History of Chemotherapy Learning Objectives 20-1 Identify the contributions of
More informationConsequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria. Antimicrobial Resistance. Molecular Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance. Topics to be Covered
Antimicrobial Resistance Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Change in the approach to the administration of empiric antimicrobial therapy Increased number of hospitalizations Increased length
More informationMID 23. Antimicrobial Resistance. Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria. Molecular Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance Molecular Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance Micro evolutionary change - point mutations Beta-lactamase mutation extends spectrum of the enzyme rpob gene (RNA polymerase) mutation
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Change in the approach to the administration of empiric antimicrobial therapy Increased number of hospitalizations Increased length
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance Acquisition of Foreign DNA
Antimicrobial Resistance Acquisition of Foreign DNA Levy, Scientific American Horizontal gene transfer is common, even between Gram positive and negative bacteria Plasmid - transfer of single or multiple
More informationAn#bio#cs and challenges in the wake of superbugs
An#bio#cs and challenges in the wake of superbugs www.biochemj.org/bj/330/0581/bj3300581.htm ciss.blog.olemiss.edu Dr. Vassie Ware Bioscience in the 21 st Century November 14, 2014 Who said this and what
More informationEinheit für pädiatrische Infektiologie Antibiotics - what, why, when and how?
Einheit für pädiatrische Infektiologie Antibiotics - what, why, when and how? Andrea Duppenthaler andrea.duppenthaler@insel.ch Limping patient local pain swelling tenderness warmth fever acute Osteomyelitis
More informationOther Beta - lactam Antibiotics
Other Beta - lactam Antibiotics Assistant Professor Dr. Naza M. Ali Lec 5 8 Nov 2017 Lecture outlines Other beta lactam antibiotics Other inhibitors of cell wall synthesis Other beta-lactam Antibiotics
More informationSuggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Suggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing These suggestions are intended to indicate minimum sets of agents to test routinely in a diagnostic laboratory
More informationEUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control
EUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 59 ATCC
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control for MIC determination and disk diffusion as recommended by EUCAST Version 8.0, valid from 018-01-01
More informationThe impact of antimicrobial resistance on enteric infections in Vietnam Dr Stephen Baker
The impact of antimicrobial resistance on enteric infections in Vietnam Dr Stephen Baker sbaker@oucru.org Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Outline The impact of antimicrobial
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 5.0, valid from 015-01-09 This document should be cited as "The
More informationRoutine internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 3.1, valid from
Routine internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version.1, valid from 01-01-01 Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus
More informationTreatment of Respiratory Tract Infections Prof. Mohammad Alhumayyd Dr. Aliah Alshanwani
Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections Prof. Mohammad Alhumayyd Dr. Aliah Alshanwani 30-1-2018 1 Objectives of the lecture At the end of lecture, the students should be able to understand the following:
More informationAntimicrobial susceptibility
Antimicrobial susceptibility PATTERNS Microbiology Department Canterbury ealth Laboratories and Clinical Pharmacology Department Canterbury District ealth Board March 2011 Contents Preface... Page 1 ANTIMICROBIAL
More informationInfectious Disease: Drug Resistance Pattern in New Mexico
Infectious Disease: Drug Resistance Pattern in New Mexico Are these the world's sexiest accents? Obi C. Okoli, MD.,MPH. Clinic for Infectious Diseases Las Cruces, NM. Are these the world's sexiest accents?
More informationDR. BASHIRU BOI KIKIMOTO
OVERVIEW OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL USE IN GHANA PRESENTED BY : DR. BASHIRU BOI KIKIMOTO DVM. PhD VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH HEAD - PUBLIC HEALTH UNIT & FOOD SAFETY UNIT VENUE: SWATZILAND
More informationThe β- Lactam Antibiotics. Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018
The β- Lactam Antibiotics Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018 Penicillins. Cephalosporins. Carbapenems. Monobactams. The β- Lactam Antibiotics 2 3 How
More informationa. 379 laboratories provided quantitative results, e.g (DD method) to 35.4% (MIC method) of all participants; see Table 2.
AND QUANTITATIVE PRECISION (SAMPLE UR-01, 2017) Background and Plan of Analysis Sample UR-01 (2017) was sent to API participants as a simulated urine culture for recognition of a significant pathogen colony
More informationجداول میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزای اولویت دار و آنتی بیوتیک های تعیین شده برای آزمایش تعیین حساسیت ضد میکروبی در برنامه مهار مقاومت میکروبی
جداول میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزای اولویت دار و آنتی بیوتیک های تعیین شده برای آزمایش تعیین حساسیت ضد میکروبی در برنامه مهار مقاومت میکروبی ویرایش دوم بر اساس ed., 2017 CLSI M100 27 th تابستان ۶۹۳۱ تهیه
More informationAntibiotic resistance a mechanistic overview Neil Woodford
Antibiotic Resistance a Mechanistic verview BSc PhD FRCPath Consultant Clinical Scientist 1 Polymyxin Colistin Daptomycin Mechanisms of antibiotic action Quinolones Mupirocin Nitrofurans Nitroimidazoles
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Change in the approach to the administration of Change in the approach to the administration of empiric antimicrobial therapy Increased
More informationAntibiotics in vitro : Which properties do we need to consider for optimizing our therapeutic choice?
Antibiotics in vitro : Which properties do we need to consider for optimizing our therapeutic choice? With the support of Wallonie-Bruxelles-International 1-1 In vitro evaluation of antibiotics : the antibiogram
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance and Prescribing
Antimicrobial Resistance and Prescribing John Ferguson, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia M Med Part 1 updates UPNG 2017 Tw @mdjkf http://idmic.net
More informationJanuary 2014 Vol. 34 No. 1
January 2014 Vol. 34 No. 1. and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Interpretive Standards for Testing Conditions Medium: diffusion: Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) Broth dilution: cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton
More informationANTIBIOTICS IN PLASMA
by LC/MS Code LC79010 (Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Streptomycin, Linezolid, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Teicoplanin) INTRODUCTION Technically it defines "antibiotic" a substance of natural
More informationARCH-Vet. Summary 2013
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA FSVO ARCH-Vet Report on sales of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and antibiotic resistance monitoring of livestock in Switzerland Summary 2013 Published by Federal
More informationImagine. Multi-Drug Resistant Superbugs- What s the Big Deal? A World. Without Antibiotics. Where Simple Infections can be Life Threatening
Multi-Drug Resistant Superbugs- What s the Big Deal? Toni Biasi, RN MSN MPH CIC Infection Prevention Indiana University Health Imagine A World Without Antibiotics A World Where Simple Infections can be
More informationchapter 15 microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity
chapter 15 microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity pathogenesis portals of entry & exit inoculation vs. disease: preferred portal of entry entry DOES NOT EQUAL disease entry into preferred portal of entry
More informationAntimicrobial Update. Alison MacDonald Area Antimicrobial Pharmacist NHS Highland April 2018
Antimicrobial Update Alison MacDonald Area Antimicrobial Pharmacist NHS Highland alisonc.macdonald@nhs.net April 2018 Starter Questions Setting the scene... What if antibiotics were no longer effective?
More informationAntimicrobial Therapy
Antimicrobial Therapy David H. Spach, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University of Washington, Seattle Disclosure: Dr. Spach has no significant financial interest in any of the
More informationApproach to pediatric Antibiotics
Approach to pediatric Antibiotics Gassem Gohal FAAP FRCPC Assistant professor of Pediatrics objectives To be familiar with common pediatric antibiotics o Classification o Action o Adverse effect To discus
More informationPrinciples of Antimicrobial therapy
Principles of Antimicrobial therapy Laith Mohammed Abbas Al-Huseini M.B.Ch.B., M.Sc, M.Res, Ph.D Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Antimicrobial agents are chemical substances that can kill or
More informationSurveillance for antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria in Australian pigs and chickens
Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria in Australian pigs and chickens Dr Pat Mitchell R & I Manager Production Stewardship APL CDC Conference, Melbourne June 2017 Dr Kylie Hewson
More informationMedicinal Chemistry 561P. 2 st hour Examination. May 6, 2013 NAME: KEY. Good Luck!
Medicinal Chemistry 561P 2 st hour Examination May 6, 2013 NAME: KEY Good Luck! 2 MDCH 561P Exam 2 May 6, 2013 Name: KEY Grade: Fill in your scantron with the best choice for the questions below: 1. Which
More informationSafe Patient Care Keeping our Residents Safe Use Standard Precautions for ALL Residents at ALL times
Safe Patient Care Keeping our Residents Safe 2016 Use Standard Precautions for ALL Residents at ALL times #safepatientcare Do bugs need drugs? Dr Deirdre O Brien Consultant Microbiologist Mercy University
More informationبسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم The third (and the last) part about the Antimicrobial drugs. Tetracyclines: 1. This group is considered Bacteriostatic drugs Bacteriostatic drugs means: the effect of them is not
More informationAntimicrobial agents. are chemicals active against microorganisms
Antimicrobial agents are chemicals active against microorganisms Antibacterial Agents Are chemicals active against bacteria Antimicrobials Antibacterial Antifungal Antiviral Antiparasitic: -anti protozoan
More informationAntibiotics (2): - Before you start: this lecture has a lot of names and things get entangled together, but I
Antibiotics (2): - Before you start: this lecture has a lot of names and things get entangled together, but I have nothing to do but to write everything the Doctor mentioned. I hope it will be clear. -
More informationChemotherapeutic Agents
Chemotherapeutic Agents The cell is the basic structure of all living organisms. The cell membrane features specifi c receptor sites that allow interaction with various chemicals, histocompatibility proteins
More informationIntroduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Introduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Diane M. Cappelletty, Pharm.D. Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice Wayne State University August, 2001 Vocabulary Clearance Renal elimination:
More informationBiochrom AG s antibiotics solutions: working concentration. Biochrom AG Information, November 19, 2010
Biochrom AG s antibiotics solutions: Up-to to-date overview regarding of action, performance and working concentration Biochrom AG Information, November 19, 2010 Cell culture media allow not only cells
More informationcontrol microbial growth in vivo
control microbial growth in vivo ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY Dr. Faten Mostafa Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University 11/6/2016 Dr Faten Mostafa 1 In vitro
More information56 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. All rights reserved.
Table 2C 56 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. All rights reserved. Table 2C. Zone Diameter and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Breakpoints for Testing Conditions Medium: Inoculum: diffusion:
More informationMike Apley Kansas State University
Mike Apley Kansas State University 2003 - Daptomycin cyclic lipopeptides 2000 - Linezolid - oxazolidinones 1985 Imipenem - carbapenems 1978 - Norfloxacin - fluoroquinolones 1970 Cephalexin - cephalosporins
More informationAminoglycosides. Spectrum includes many aerobic Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria.
Aminoglycosides The only bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitors. They bind to the ribosomal 30S subunit. Inhibit initiation of peptide synthesis and cause misreading of the genetic code. Streptomycin
More informationShould we test Clostridium difficile for antimicrobial resistance? by author
Should we test Clostridium difficile for antimicrobial resistance? Paola Mastrantonio Department of Infectious Diseases Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome,Italy Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) (first
More informationHow is Ireland performing on antibiotic prescribing?
European Antibiotic Awareness Campaign 2016 November Webinar Series on Antibiotic Prescribing How is Ireland performing on antibiotic prescribing? Dr Rob Cunney National Clinical Lead HCAI AMR Clinical
More informationCell Wall Weakeners. Antimicrobials: Drugs that Weaken the Cell Wall. Bacterial Cell Wall. Bacterial Resistance to PCNs. PCN Classification
Cell Wall Weakeners Antimicrobials: Drugs that Weaken the Cell Wall Beta Lactams Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Aztreonam Vancomycin Teicoplanin Bacterial Cell Wall Bacterial cytoplasm is hypertonic
More informationANTIBIOTIC Resistance A GLOBAL THREAT Robero JJ
ANTIBIOTIC Resistance A GLOBAL THREAT Robero JJ Antibiotic resistance is rapidly emerging as a public health issue throughout the world. Mankind has enjoyed about half a century of virtual complete control
More informationAntimicrobial Stewardship Strategy: Antibiograms
Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategy: Antibiograms A summary of the cumulative susceptibility of bacterial isolates to formulary antibiotics in a given institution or region. Its main functions are to guide
More informationPharmacology Week 6 ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Pharmacology Week 6 ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS Mechanisms of antimicrobial action Mechanisms of antimicrobial action Bacteriostatic - Slow or stop bacterial growth, needs an immune system to finish off the microbe
More informationBUGS and DRUGS Part 1 March 6, 2013 Marieke Kruidering- Hall
BUGS and DRUGS Part 1 March 6, 2013 Marieke Kruidering- Hall BIOGRAPHY: Marieke Kruidering- Hall is Associate Professor in the Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology. She was born in the Netherlands.
More information2012 ANTIBIOGRAM. Central Zone Former DTHR Sites. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
2012 ANTIBIOGRAM Central Zone Former DTHR Sites Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medically Relevant Pathogens Based on Gram Morphology Gram-negative Bacilli Lactose Fermenters Non-lactose
More informationFoundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition
Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Talaro Chapter 12 To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn
More informationAntibiotics 1. Lecture 8
Antibiotics 1 Lecture 8 Overview of antibiotics What am I treating? Viral, bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, etc. Who am I treating? Host factors: age, genetic factors, co-morbidities (renal and liver
More information2015 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report
Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Escherichia coli Haemophilus influenzenza Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens
More informationEARS Net Report, Quarter
EARS Net Report, Quarter 4 213 March 214 Key Points for 213* Escherichia coli: The proportion of patients with invasive infections caused by E. coli producing extended spectrum β lactamases (ESBLs) increased
More informationMICRONAUT MICRONAUT-S Detection of Resistance Mechanisms. Innovation with Integrity BMD MIC
MICRONAUT Detection of Resistance Mechanisms Innovation with Integrity BMD MIC Automated and Customized Susceptibility Testing For detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical
More informationNational Clinical Guideline Centre Pneumonia Diagnosis and management of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults
National Clinical Guideline Centre Antibiotic classifications Pneumonia Diagnosis and management of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults Clinical guideline 191 Appendix N 3 December 2014
More informationMechanisms and Pathways of AMR in the environment
FMM/RAS/298: Strengthening capacities, policies and national action plans on prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in fisheries Final Workshop in cooperation with AVA Singapore and INFOFISH 12-14
More information