Supporting Information for. Functional Gold Nanoparticles as Potent Antimicrobial Agents against Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria
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1 upporting Information for Functional Gold Nanoparticles as Potent Antimicrobial Agents against Multi-Drug-esistant Bacteria Xiaoning Li, a andra M. obinson, b Akash Gupta, a Krishnendu aha, a Ziwen Jiang, a Daniel F. Moyano, a Ali ahar, a Margaret A. iley, b and Vincent M. otello b, * a. Department of Chemistry, b. Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, 71 North Pleasant treet, Amherst, UA. *Corresponding author. rotello@chem.umass.edu. Nanoparticles synthesis 2 nm diameter gold nanoparticles were synthetized by the Brust-chiffrin two-phase methodology 1 using pentanethiol as the stabilizer; these clusters were purified with successive extractions with ethanol and acetone. A Murray place exchange reaction 2 was carried out in dry DCM to functionalize the nanoparticles with each ligand. 3, 4 The monolayer-protected nanoparticles were redispersed in water and the excesses of ligand/pentanethiol were removed by dialysis using a 1, MWCO snake-skin membrane. The final concentration was measured by UV spectroscopy on a Molecular Devices pectramax M2 at 56nm according to the reported methodology. 5 Figure 1. Viability of 3T3 mammalian cells after incubation with NP 3 (C1-AuNP) at different concentrations.
2 Figure 2. PI staining showing NP 3 (C1-AuNP)-induced bacterial cell membrane damage. cale bar is 2 µm. Table 1. Uropathogenic E. coli strain information. All strains were harvested and tested for susceptibility in Cooley Dickinson Hospital Microbiology Laboratory (Northampton, MA). : usceptible; I: Intermediate; : esistant. iley train Name pecies E. coli E. coli E. coli E. coli E. coli Date Isolated 9/11/211 9/11/211 9/12/211 1/3/12 1/9/12 pecimen UCC UCC UCC UCC UCC Cfu/ml >1, >1, >1, >1, >1, Note 2 morphologie s of E. coli with different susceptibiliti es Amikacin (Amikin) Aminoglycosides Gentamicin (Garamycin) Kanamycin High Level
3 β-lactam Cephalosporin Tobramycin (Nebcin) Ampicillin (Omnipen, Polycillin) Ampicillin/sulbacta m (Unasyn) Amoxicillin/CA (Augmentin) Aztreonam (Zithromax) Oxacillin (Prostaphlin) Penicillin Piperacillin (Pipracil) Ceftazidime (Fortaz, Tazicef) Cefaclor (Ceclor, Ceclor CD) Ceftriaxone (ocephin) Cefotaxime Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol) Ceftizoxime Cefepime (Maxipime) Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) Cefuroxime- odium Cefuroxime-Axetil (Ceftin) Ertapenem I I I I I I Carbapenem Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (Merrem)
4 Microlides Azithromycin (Azactam) Erythromycin Fluoroquinolone Lincosamides Oxazolidinones Antimycobacterials Folate pathway inhibitors Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Ofloxacin (Floxin) Clindamycin (Cleocin) Linezolid (Zyvox) ifampin (ifadin, imactane) Trimethoprim/ulfa (Gantanol) Tetracycline Tetracycline Glycylcyclines Tigecycline Glycopeptides Vancomycin (Vancocin) Table 2. Uropathogenic E. cloacae complex, P. aeruginosa, and. aureus strain information. All strains were harvested and tested for susceptibility in Cooley Dickinson Hospital Microbiology Laboratory (Northampton, MA). : usceptible; I: Intermediate; : esistant. iley train Name pecies E. cloacae complex E. cloacae complex Date Isolated 3/29/12 6/7/12 E. cloacae complex 6/19/2 12 P. aerugin osa 4/23/12 P. aerugin osa 9/12/2 11. aureus 6/21/2 12. aureus - MA 1/3/12 pecimen UCC UCC UCC UCC UCI UCC UC Cfu/ml 1-1, >1, >1, >1, >1, MODE ATE >1,
5 Note Urine from nephrosto my tube Extended panel of susceptibil ities for the P. aeruginos a Amikacin (Amikin) Aminoglycosides β-lactam Gentamicin (Garamycin) Kanamycin High Level Tobramycin (Nebcin) Ampicillin (Omnipen, Polycillin) Ampicillin/sul bactam (Unasyn) Amoxicillin/CA (Augmentin) Aztreonam (Zithromax) Oxacillin (Prostaphlin) I I I Penicillin Cephalosporin Piperacillin (Pipracil) Ceftazidime (Fortaz, Tazicef) Cefaclor (Ceclor, Ceclor CD) Ceftriaxone (ocephin) Cefotaxime Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol) Ceftizoxime
6 Cefepime (Maxipime) Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) I Cefuroxime- odium Cefuroxime- Axetil (Ceftin) Ertapenem Carbapenem Microlides Fluoroquinolone Lincosamides Oxazolidinones Antimycobacterial s Folate pathway inhibitors Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (Merrem) Azithromycin (Azactam) Erythromycin Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Ofloxacin (Floxin) Clindamycin (Cleocin) Linezolid (Zyvox) ifampin (ifadin, imactane) Trimethoprim/ ulfa (Gantanol) Tetracycline Tetracycline Glycylcyclines Tigecycline Glycopeptides Vancomycin (Vancocin)
7 1 Brust, M.; Walker, M.; Bethell, D.; chiffrin, D. J.; Whyman,. ynthesis of Thiol-derivatised Gold Nanoparticles in A Two-[hase Liquid-Liquid ystem. J. Chem. oc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 7, Templeton, A. C.; Wuelfing, M. P.; Murray,. W. Monolayer Protected Cluster Molecules. Acc. Chem. es. 2, 33, Miranda, O.. et al. Enzyme-Amplified Array ensing of Proteins in olution and in Biofluids. J. Am. Chem. oc. 21, 13, De, M. et al. ensing of Proteins in Human erum Using Conjugates of Nanoparticles and Green Fluorescent protein. Nat. Chem. 29, 1, Liu, X. O.; Atwater, M.; Wang, J. H; Huo, Q. Extinction Coefficient of Gold Nanoparticles with Different izes and Different Capping Ligands. Colloid. urface. B 27, 58, 3-7.
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