UPDATE ON FISH DISEASE SITUATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 2016

Transcription

1 UPDATE ON FISH DISEASE SITUATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 2016 Annual Workshop of the National Reference Laboratories May st 2017 Niccoló Vendramin PhD student Aquatic Animal Diseases Unit European Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases Section for Diagnostics and Scientific Advice DTU Veterinary Institute 1 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

2 PRODUCTION VOLUMES TOTAL PRODUCTION YEAR COUNTRY TURKEY GREECE SPAIN ITALY FRANCE CROATIA PORTUGAL SLOVENIA BOSNIA SERBIA Albania Macedonia Marocco Algeria Tunisia Israele Giordania Libano Siria Egypt CYPRUS Montenegro MALTA Lybya Grand Total DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

3 WHICH SPECIES OF FISH WE HAVE TO DEAL WITH? Sea Bass production tonns 3 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

4 WHICH SPECIES OF FISH WE HAVE TO DEAL WITH? Sea Bream production tonns 4 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

5 WHICH SPECIES OF FISH WE HAVE TO DEAL WITH? Sea bream production thousands of juveniles 5 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

6 AIM: Continue survey established in 2013 targeting main problems, follow trends and highlight emergence of new disease 6 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

7 AFRICA STILL POORLY COVERED BY THE QUESTIONNAIRE! Contributions from 18 Experts 18- Marine 10- Freshwater

8 Legislative frame CD 2006/88 Bass and bream are not in the list of susceptible species BUT Article 10 Animal health surveillance scheme Member States shall ensure that a risk-based animal health surveillance scheme is applied in all farms and farming areas, as appropriate for the type of production. shall aim at the detection of: (a) any increased mortality in all farms and farming areas as appropriate for the type of production; (b) the diseases listed in Part II of Annex IV, in farms and farming areas were species susceptible to those diseases are present 8 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

9 Questionnaire template Third disease to be considered for its impact in the aquaculture sector Name Aetiology Symptoms / Diagnosis Control methods applied Area of interest Species affected / size Rearing sector affected (Hatchery/nursery/ongrowing) DISEASE CHARACTERIZATION Impact on production Impact on Economy Legislative consequences

10 Atypical Enteromyx osis Mycobacte riosis 1st SW disease in 2013 VER-VNN Salt Water Results 1st SW disease in 2014 Enteromy xosis Gill fluke Aeromona s Gill fluke VER-VNN Flexibacteriosis 1st Disease SW 2015 Enteromyxosis Flexibacteriosis 1st Disease SW 2016 Enteromyxosis Gill Flukes VER-VNN Gill Flukes VER-VNN

11 Gill fluke 2013 Foruncolosi s 2nd Dis. Salt Water Results Mycobacter iosis 2014 Pasteurellos is Enteromyxo sis Enteromyxo sis VER-VNN Epiteliocysti s Gill fluke Tenacibacul osis Mycobacter iosis VER-VNN 2nd Disease SW 2016 Mycobacterios is 2015 Pasteurellosis Mycobacterios is Pasteurellosis Vibrio Aeromoniasis VER-VNN Atypical Gill flukes Intestinal parasite Gill flukes VER- VNN Red Rash

12 2013 3rd Dis. Salt Water Results Epitelyocysti s 2014 Edwarsiello sis RLO Lactococcos is Pasteurellos is Enteromyxo sis Marine Flexibacteri osis Crustacean infestation Gill fluke Systemic Granulomat osis 2015 Petequial Rash VER-VNN Enteromyxos is 3rd Disease SW 2016 Atypical foruncolosis Gill fluke Tenacibaculo sis Pasteurellosi s Streptococco sis VER-VNN VER VNN Epitelyocistis Mycobacterios is Streptococcosi s Petequial rash Intestinal parasite Gill flukes vibrio flexibacteriosis Epitelyocistis Parasite complex pasteurellosis Pasteurellosis streptococcosis Red Rash

13 Results Marine - VIRUS VER/VNN is by far the most important disease in 2016, and the importance is increasing since 2013 Field trial of vaccine prototypes in progress Sea bass remain target species mainly at larval/nursery stage, with implication for market size as well Sea bream larval stage 13 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

14 Nodavirus in Sea-Bream Viral nervous necrosis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) caused by reassortant betanodavirus RGNNV/SJNNV: an emerging threat for Mediterranean aquaculture Toffan et al., Vertical transmission - Biosecurity measures - Diagnostic test development Toffan et al., 2016 Toffan et al., DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

15 Results Marine 2 - Bacteria Major constraint for Marine acquaculture despite the availability of terapeutic treatment and (few) vaccines - Vibrio (Vibrio Anguillarum plus atypical vibriosis i.e. Vibrio harveyi: uncoordinated swimming behavior, progressive weight loss, exophthalmos, keratitis, skin lesions) 15 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

16 Results Marine 3 Parasites complex Third disease to be considered for its impact in the aquaculture sector Name Aetiology Symptoms / Diagnosis Control methods applied Species affected / size Rearing sector affected (Hatchery/nursery/ongrowing) 16 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark PARASITIC DISEASES OF SPARIDS: ENTEROMYXOSIS, SPARICOTYLOSIS, ENTEROSPOROSIS, INFECTION BY APOROCOTYLIDS Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa) - Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea) Enterospora nucleophila (Microsporidia) Cardicola aurata (Digenea, Aporocotylidae) ENTEROMYXOSIS: enteritis (progressive weight loss in gilthead seabream, high mortality in sharpsnout seabream) SPARICOTYLOSIS: gill anemia in gilthead seabream ENTEROSPOROSIS: emaciative syndrome INFECTION BY APOROCOTYLIDS: gill necrosis Diagnosis: Clinical diagnosis, necropsy, parasite detection/identification +detection of Aporocotylids eggs in gills (adults in circulatory system) + PCR for early stages of E. leei + PCR for E. nucleophila infection Reduction of biomass density (if feasible) - change of cage nets (for Sparicotyle and Aporocotylid infections) Problem: lack of licensed effective antiparasitic treatments ENTEROMYXOSIS: gilthead seabream > g, sharpsnout seabream <80g + other sparids and non sparids SPARICOTYLOSIS: gilthead seabream all sizes ENTEROSPOROSIS: mainly juveniles INFECTION BY APOROCOTYLIDS: mainly juveniles Ongrowing

17 Courtesy of Prof. Fioravanti Enteromyxum leei Courtesy of Prof. Fioravanti Courtesy of Prof. Fioravanti Courtesy of Prof. Fioravanti Courtesy of Prof. Fioravanti Courtesy of Prof. Fioravanti 17 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark Sparicotyle chrysophrii

18 Red Rash Syndrome Aetiology unknown Affect mostly adult gilthead sea bream Observed mainly in cages Seasonal appearance during cold months, syndrome tend to solve when temperature rise again. High morbidity low mortality problem in marketability of the fish Effective treatment possible with antibiotics (Oxytetracycline) 18 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

19 Red Rash Syndrome Is it Emerging? First observance in Reported at EAFP 2007 (Padrós & Zarza, EAFP Grado) AW 2010 Dr. Bovo Why has it gain importance? Perceived increased prevalence Increased awareness on the use of Antibiotics Similarities with Red Mark Syndrome in Rainbow trout 19 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

20 Two new large research programs on Med. Acquaculture and MedAID aims to increase the overall competitiveness and sustainability of the Mediterranean marine fish farming aquaculture sector, throughout the whole value chain. Impacts MedAID will combine socioeconomics, biological sciences and food technology to improve competitiveness for the industry by providing strategies for optimizing production processes, marketing, business, administration and sector image and governance. The project will provide integrated solutions targeted at solving specific industrial bottlenecks throughout the whole value chain. Guides and recommendations produced by MedAID will widen the range of available tools and allow harmonization, networking and data sharing for analysis at regional level. 20 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark

21 Thank all of you for your attention And thanks all experts for providing interesting replies: Panos varvarigos Thanos Prapas Daniel Gijon Alain le breton Nadav Davidovich Maria Letizia Fioravanti Snjezana Zrncic Fabio Borghesan Micaela Bras Francesc Padros Pierpaolo Patarnello Thomas Siampras Jes Brinch-Iversen Carlos Zarza Mercè Isern Carlos Rodriguez Elena Planas Callao Marino Prearo 21 DTU Vet, Technical University of Denmark