The GB Invasive Non-native Species Strategy. Olaf Booy GB Non-native Species Secretariat

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Primrose Parsons
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1 The GB Invasive Non-native Species Strategy Olaf Booy GB Non-native Species Secretariat

2 Who am I? 4.2 staff

3 What are we talking about? Non-native = animals or plants that have been introduced by human action Invasive non-native = negative environmental, economic or social impact

4 100,000+ non-native taxa worldwide

5 A relatively recent phenomenon Global temporal trends in first record rates (dots) for all non-native species Seebens et al Nature Comms Unprecedented mixing of species

6 Global impacts Comprehensively assessed groups (>150 spp)

7 Global impacts Comprehensively assessed groups (>150 spp) 16.2% of extinctions are driven by invasive alien species ONLY 43% of extinctions are driven by other threats 40.5% of extinctions are driven by invasive alien species + other threats IUCN Red List v

8 Global impacts Biggest impacts on islands and other isolated ecosystems 95% of avian extinctions 90% of herpetological extinctions 70% of mammal extinctions 70% of plant extinctions

9 Global impacts Biggest impacts on islands and other isolated ecosystems 95% of avian extinctions 90% of herpetological extinctions 70% of mammal extinctions 70% of plant extinctions Oceanic islands But also on continents too Continents threatened birds at risk from INNS

10 Red squirrel suffering from pox Not just about extinctions

12 Number of alien species Number of non-native species Numbers of species in Great Britain 2,000 established NNS in GB new species PA

13 Numbers of species in Great Britain c % of established non-native species in GB are invasive but proportions are different for different taxa and environment

14 Numbers of species in Great Britain c % of established non-native species in GB are invasive 8% 40% Plants Animals

15 Numbers of species in Great Britain c % of established non-native species in GB are invasive 13% 40% 25% terrestrial freshwater marine

16 Native origin

17 Native origin

18 Invasive non-native species Native origin Invasiveness by origin European Non-European

19 Impacts in GB some examples

20 Voracious omnivore

21 Impacts Replaced 90% of benthic macroinvertebrate biomass in some European water bodies Patrick Steinmann Invert sample from Lake Zurich

22 Impacts

23 Impacts

24 Image: John Anderson

31 Invasive Alien species: importance Burn caused by Giant hogweed

32 Zebra mussel clogging water company pipe

33 Economic impact 1.8 Billion pa in UK 64% Agriculture 13% Construction/Dev. 7% Forestry 6% Tourism 5% Transport

34 Government action: a small proportion of a small proportion c.10-15% invasive 2,000 nonnative species

35 Government action: a small proportion of a small proportion government action on c. 25 c.10-15% invasive 2,000 nonnative species

36 Are we doing enough and are we using our limited resources to best effect?

37 GB Non-native Species Programme GB Programme Board Small independent secretariat

38 Prevention is better than cure Prevention Early detection and Rapid response Control

39 Prioritising species: risk analysis Using evidence to underpin decision making Precautionary (coping with uncertainty / lag) Proportionate (implications for trade, etc) Japanese Knotweed

40 Using risk assessment to underpin decision making

41 Entry Establishment Spread Impact Overall V. High V. High Moderate High V. High Entry Establishment Spread Impact Overall V. High V. Low V. Low Low V. Low Response Alert! Legislation Rapid response Response Monitor and review

42 Risk management Not just about risk, but also whether something useful can be done

43 HIGH RISK Eradicate HIGH RISK Manage

44 RISK Prioritising based on risk and feasibility HIGH MED LOW V. LOW LOW MED HIGH V. HIGH FEASIBILITY OF MANAGEMENT

45 Contingency plans in action: Asian hornet

46 2004

47 2006

48 2008

49 2010

50 2012..

51 2013

52 2014

53 Prioritising and coordinating 2016 the response to invasive non-native species in GB 2017 Olaf Booy GB Non-native Species Secretariat

55 Other eradication action

56 The need for early detection and surveillance

57 pilot start

58 Biosecurity: preventing entry and spread Aquatic campaigns (where impact is greatest)

61 Invasive non-native species week

62 Role of Local Action Groups Biosecurity Detection and surveillance Local / regional management

63 Role of Local Action Groups

64 Summary Chose our battles carefully robust method for prioritising species / actions Particularly important: Biosecurity Early detection Data flow and rapid reporting Thanks!

65 Number of alien species The future? non-native invasive 100 0

66 Hawaii Hawaii hosted over 114 endemic species of birds. 56 now globally extinct But added 53 new species

67 Site impacts IAS impact 62 natural WHS s out of 224 Osipova et al

71 WFD at Risk Sites

72 GB Non-native Species Programme Stakeholder Involvement Forum Media and Comms. Working Group GB Programme Board Country Working Groups Non-Native Risk Analysis Mechanism Rapid Response Working Group Monitoring

73 12,000+ non-native species

74 INNS are a major threat on Continents Oceanic Islands Continental Islands Continents n=430 n=176 n=620 Globally threatened bird species not threatened by invasives Globally threatened bird species threatened by invasives

75 Actual Global Total > x Predicted Global Total > x Vitousec, PM et al (1997) New Zealand Journal of Ecology 21 (1): Analysis by A. Launer, Stanford University, reproduced with permission.

76 Risk assessment Template with 80 questions Follows QA process, similar to journal peer review Independent Expert Risk Analysis Panel botanist, entomologist, marine, fish, economist Programme Board Peer Review NNSS website

79 Impacts of invasive plants Not just about extinctions Vila et al 2011.

80 Number of Number non-native of alien species species Numbers of species in Great Britain 2,000 established NNS in GB new species PA About 10-15% invasive species Many more species coming from further afield

An example is the Micronesian Kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus which was endemic to the island of Guam, but following predation by invasive alien snakes (Brown tree snake Boiga irregularis) it

82 An example is the Micronesian Kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus which was endemic to the island of Guam, but following predation by invasive alien snakes (Brown tree snake Boiga irregularis) it became Extinct in the Wild in 1986 when the last remaining wild birds were taken into captivity for captive breeding. In fact the Brown tree snake has caused many extinctions on Guam, including the local extinction of over half of Guam s native bird and lizard species as well as two out of three of Guam s native bat species.

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