10 Animal Adaptations To Hostile Environments
|
|
- Robert Paul Daniels
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 10 Animal Adaptations To Hostile Environments Victor Pintilie May 28, 2013 Mother Nature is a very stubborn character. She always tries to conquer whatever harsh environment the relentless forces of our planet have managed to create, and it is in such extreme conditions where the ingenuity of the natural world can be admired most. More than often, Nature seems more intelligent than any scientist, inventing means of survival that act as an inspiration for man s desire to conquer harsh environments. Here are ten outstanding adaptations of animals to extreme temperatures and other hostile conditions: 10: Arctic fish Fish are poikilothermic organisms, or in simpler terms, cold-blooded animals, which means that the lower the temperature of their surroundings is, the harder it is for them to maintain their metabolic functions. Furthermore, as temperatures go lower, ice crystals can form in the organism s cells and thus the animal might suffer irreversible damage and ultimately, death. However, arctic fish while lacking the luxury of generating their own body heat like seals and other marine mammals that live in the same freezing waters seem to thrive; the way in which they manage this has puzzled scientists for a long time. But in recent years, an antifreeze protein has been discovered in their blood that prevents ice crystals forming. How this protein works, however, was discovered three years ago in a research conducted by Volkswagen (yes, the car manufacturer). The protein prevents any ice forming on the molecules in its vicinity, thus allowing the cells to continue with their life cycle; this is achieved by the fact that water molecules, which normally exhibit a dance-like movement, are slowed down by the protein, which hinders the forming and breaking of bonds that permits the creation of ice. A similar protein has been found in several species of beetles that live at high altitudes or in near- Arctic regions.
2 9: Freezing To Survive Arctic fish avoid freezing, but other animals have been designed to freeze solid as a measure of surviving the cold season. Paradoxical as this may sound, several species of frogs and turtles practically freeze over during the winter one could actually break a window by throwing a frozen but live frog against it. They then miraculously thaw back to life during the spring. This outstanding way of surviving winter is explained by the fact that the urea and glucose (which comes from the transformation of liver glycogen that occurs before freezing) limit the amount of ice and reduce the osmotic shrinkage of cells, which would otherwise lead to their death. In other words, sugar allows the frog to survive. There is, however, a limit to their resistance: although they appear rock solid when frozen, the survival of these animals may be compromised if more than 65 per cent of the water in their bodies freezes. 8: Chemical Heat We are still in the realm of cold-blooded animals. Most of us have learned in science class that the smaller an object is, the more difficult it is for it to maintain heat. Moreover, we know that coldblooded animals are generally quite lethargic and only capable of short bursts of energy. However, insects, although poikilothermic, are very active and they achieve this by generating body heat through chemical and mechanical means, usually from quick and constant muscular movement. We may draw a parallel between insects and heating a diesel engine in the winter before starting it. They do this not only for creating the energy required for maintained flight, but also for protection against the cold of winter, as bees gather around and shiver in order to avoid freezing.
3 7: Encystment Protozoa, bacteria and spores, as well some nematodes, employ encystment (which is entering a state of suspended animation, separated by the outside world by a solid cell wall) to endure hostile conditions for long periods of time. Very long periods of time. Actually, this is why encystment is one of the most outstanding achievements of the natural world: scientists have managed to bring back to life bacteria and spores millions of years old the oldest of which being approximately 250 million years old (yes, older than the dinosaurs). Encystment might very well be the only way in which Jurassic Park may become reality. On the other hand, imagine if scientists bring back to life a virus that the human body has no protection against 6: Natural Radiators Keeping cool becomes a challenge in tropical areas, especially when animals are larger or more energetic. Natural radiators are an efficient way of lowering the body s temperature: for instance, the ears of the elephant and the rabbit are full of blood vessels, helping the animal cool its body in the heat. Rabbits living in Arctic areas have smaller ears, and so did the woolly mammoths, in order to protect themselves from the cold. Radiators were encountered in the prehistoric world as well, in animals such as the Dimetrodon of the Permian, or, according to some scientists, dinosaurs belonging to the Stegosaurus family, the plates of which would have been highly vascularized in order to permit heat exchange.
4 5: Megathermy Being too big might be a disadvantage to creatures living in tropical areas, as they constantly need to lower their body temperatures. In cold waters, however, large poikilothermic creatures can thrive and be quite energetic. The requirement for this is size: megathermy is the ability to generate heat due to sheer body mass, a phenomenon encountered in the leatherback sea turtle (the largest turtle in the world) or in large sharks such as the great white or mako shark. This increase in body temperature allows these creatures to be quite energetic in cold waters actually, the leatherback sea turtle is the fastest reptile on Earth, capable of speeds of up to 20 mph in short bursts. 4: Changing Blood Properties In order to operate in extreme environments, some animals have evolved different types of blood composition: the sperm whale and the bar-headed goose of Asia. Both these species have an uncanny ability to store a lot more oxygen in their blood cells than other animals. They need this for separate reasons, though: the sperm whale needs to hold its breath for a long time due to the fact that it submerges to great depths in search for food, while bar-headed geese need to maintain an energetic flight over the Himalayan mountain range, at those altitudes the air is quite poor in oxygen.
5 3: Breathing Adaptations In tropical and equatorial areas, the alternation of seasons can bring disaster to many animals. The rainy season may mean frequent floods in which many land animals lose their lives, while the dry season means a lack of water, which, naturally, is bad for everyone. Among the animals for which nature has gone to great lengths to ensure their survival are the fish that breathe air. Many of us have heard of the lungfish, Dipnoi, which create a mucus sack to protect themselves through the drought, but some species of catfish and eel not only breathe air, but also travel on land between pools. These fish manage to take oxygen from the air not through lungs or gills, but through the use of a specialized area of their intestines. 2: Living in Hell Since their discovery, hydrothermal vents have overthrown many theories scientists had regarding deep sea life. The temperature of the waters surrounding these vents exceed the boiling point, but the sheer pressure of those depths prevents any bubbles from appearing. Hydrogen sulphide constantly jets out of the vents, a highly toxic substance for most life forms. However, these hellish vents are often surrounded by colonies of various wildlife, most of which obviously thrive in a toxic, sunless world. These creatures have managed to cope with the lack of sunlight (which we know is a vital part for most life, as it triggers the synthesis of vitamin D) and with the outstanding temperatures. As many deep sea vents dwellers are quite primitive from an evolutionary viewpoint, scientists now try to discover whether these vents were the actual environments where life first occurred roughly 3.5 billion years ago.
6 1: Daring Colonization I have to admit that the last entry in this list still lacks a proper scientific explanation: a species of parrot native to Nicaragua (Aratinga holochlora) nests in the Masaya volcano crater. The difficult to explain part is that the crater constantly lets out sulfurous fumes that are quite lethal. How these parrots manage to nest in an environment that would kill humans and other animals in minutes is still a mystery to scientists, and this proves that Mother Nature, in her determination to conquer, does not let herself be intimidated too easily. Whereas the fauna living near deep sea vents had millions of years of evolution to adapt to living there, the green parrots of the Masaya volcano crater have adopted this life style only recently, evolutionary speaking. By studying such daring species, man can achieve a better understanding of how this marvel of the universe, evolution, works, just as Charles Darwin observed the finches of the Galapagos in his voyage aboard the Beagle. animal- adaptations- to- hostile- environments/
Red Eared Slider Secrets. Although Most Red-Eared Sliders Can Live Up to Years, Most WILL NOT Survive Two Years!
Although Most Red-Eared Sliders Can Live Up to 45-60 Years, Most WILL NOT Survive Two Years! Chris Johnson 2014 2 Red Eared Slider Secrets Although Most Red-Eared Sliders Can Live Up to 45-60 Years, Most
More informationTypes of Evolution: Punctuated Equilibrium vs Gradualism
Biology Types of Evolution: Punctuated Equilibrium vs Gradualism Use the information below AND YOUR NOTES to answer the questions that follow. READ the information before attempting to do the work. You
More informationTeacher Workbooks. Language Arts Series Internet Reading Comprehension Oceans Theme, Vol. 1
Teacher Workbooks Language Arts Series Internet Reading Comprehension Oceans Theme, Vol. 1 Copyright 2003 Teachnology Publishing Company A Division of Teachnology, Inc. For additional information, visit
More informationTwo Sets to Build Difference Edward I. Maxwell
TwoSetstoBuildDifference Two Sets to Build Difference Edward I. Maxwell You are most basically a blend of your biological parents. Your genetic material is a combinationoftheirgeneticmaterial.ahumantypicallyhas46chromosomesthatcontainhis
More informationAll living things are classified into groups based on the traits they share. Taxonomy is the study of classification. The largest groups into which
All living things are classified into groups based on the traits they share. Taxonomy is the study of classification. The largest groups into which the scientists divide the groups are called kingdoms.
More informationBiology. Slide 1of 50. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1of 50 2of 50 Phylogeny of Chordates Nonvertebrate chordates Jawless fishes Sharks & their relatives Bony fishes Reptiles Amphibians Birds Mammals Invertebrate ancestor 3of 50 A vertebrate dry,
More informationHUMAN APPENDIX BATS & TROPICAL FLOWERS
HUMAN APPENDIX In humans, the appendix is a short piece of tissue off the large intestine. It is not used by humans for digestive functions. In other mammals, like rabbits and deer, the cecum is a large
More informationTwo Sets to Build Difference Edward I. Maxwell
TwoSetstoBuildDifference Two Sets to Build Difference Edward I. Maxwell You are most basically a blend of your biological parents. Your genetic material is a combinationoftheirgeneticmaterial.ahumantypicallyhas46chromosomesthatcontainhis
More informationStudent Exploration: Rainfall and Bird Beaks
Name: Date: Student Exploration: Rainfall and Bird Beaks Vocabulary: adaptation, beak depth, directional selection, drought, evolution, natural selection, range, stabilizing selection Prior Knowledge Questions
More informationEvolution by Natural Selection
Evolution by Natural Selection 2006-2007 DOCTRINE TINTORETTO The Creation of the Animals 1550 But the Fossil record OBSERVATION Anaerobic Bacteria Photosynthetic Bacteria Dinosaurs Green Algae Multicellular
More informationEvidence for Evolution by Natural Selection. Hunting for evolution clues Elementary, my dear, Darwin!
Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection Hunting for evolution clues Elementary, my dear, Darwin! 2006-2007 Evidence supporting evolution Fossil record shows change over time Anatomical record comparing
More informationConservation (last three 3 lecture periods, mostly as a led discussion). We can't cover everything, but that should serve as a rough outline.
Comments on the rest of the semester: Subjects to be discussed: Temperature relationships. Echolocation. Conservation (last three 3 lecture periods, mostly as a led discussion). Possibly (in order of importance):
More informationHow Do Tuatara Use Energy from the Sun?
How Do Tuatara Use Energy from the Sun? Science, English Curriculum Levels 1-2 Activity Description Students will use the student fact sheet called How Tuatara Use Energy from the Sun * to inquire into
More informationLab 9: Inventing Life Forms
Name: Section: Date: Lab 9: Inventing Life Forms 1 Instructions The purpose of this lab is to create a life form that may have evolved on a planet other than Earth. Follow the instructions below detailing
More informationAP Biology. AP Biology
Evolution by Natural Selection 2006-2007 DOCTRINE TINTORETTO The Creation of the Animals 1550 But the Fossil record OBSERVATION mya Quaternary 1.5 Tertiary 63 Cretaceous 135 Jurassic 180 Triassic 225 Permian
More information2/11/2015. Body mass and total Glomerular area. Body mass and medullary thickness. Insect Nephridial Structure. Salt Gland Structure
Body mass and medullary thickness Thicker medulla in mammals from dry climate Negative allometry why? Body mass and total Glomerular area Glomerular area is a measure of total ultrafiltration rate Slope
More informationExceptions: Somebody liked snakes. Some people disliked dogs, geese, sharks
Unit 1: ANIMALS Exceptions: Somebody liked snakes Some people disliked dogs, geese, sharks Both animals are fascinating & worthy of our interest ANIMAL NAMES Taxonomy is a branch of biology that categorizes
More information#8964 Standards-Based Science Investigations 2 Teacher Created Resources, Inc.
Introduction...4 Locating Simple Science Materials...5 Standards Correlation....7 Thinking About Inquiry Investigations...9 Inquiry Assessment Rubric...12 Student Inquiry Worksheets...13 Sample Inquiry
More informationCLADISTICS Student Packet SUMMARY Phylogeny Phylogenetic trees/cladograms
CLADISTICS Student Packet SUMMARY PHYLOGENETIC TREES AND CLADOGRAMS ARE MODELS OF EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY THAT CAN BE TESTED Phylogeny is the history of descent of organisms from their common ancestor. Phylogenetic
More informationDiversity of Animals
Classifying Animals Diversity of Animals Animals can be classified and grouped based on similarities in their characteristics. Animals make up one of the major biological groups of classification. All
More informationThe Evolutionary Tree
jonathanpark book2 9/22/04 6:01 PM Page 29 The Mysterious Stranger The Evolutionary Tree Have you ever seen the evolutionary tree? This diagram is used by evolutionists to try and figure out what animals
More informationThe Divergence of the Marine Iguana: Amblyrhyncus cristatus. from its earlier land ancestor (what is now the Land Iguana). While both the land and
Chris Lang Course Paper Sophomore College October 9, 2008 Abstract--- The Divergence of the Marine Iguana: Amblyrhyncus cristatus In this course paper, I address the divergence of the Galapagos Marine
More informationNon-fiction: Sea Monsters. A new wave of fossils reveals the oceans prehistoric giants.
Sea Monsters By Stephen Fraser A new wave of fossils reveals the oceans prehistoric giants. Way back when Tyrannosaurus rex shook the ground, another giant reptile lurked in the prehistoric oceans. A 50-foot
More informationRead the text and then answer the questions.
Name: Date: WEEK 6 1 Read the text and then answer Dinosaurs used to roam Earth. Now they are gone. We do not know for sure where they went or what happened to them. Scientists have theories. Some say
More informationGet the other MEGA courses!
www.thesimplehomeschool.com Simple Schooling BUGS MEGA course is ten weeks of all about bugs! This course grabs your student s attention and never lets go! Grades K-3 Get the other MEGA courses! Simple
More informationEvolution by Natural Selection
Evolution by Natural Selection 225 Permian Seed Plants Flowering Plants Birds Land Plants Mammals Insects Reptiles Teleost Fish Amphibians Chordates Molluscs Arthropods Dinosaurs 180 Triassic Jawless Fish
More informationEvolution by Natural Selection
Evolution by Natural Selection 2006-2007 DOCTRINE But the Fossil record OBSERVATION Quaternary 1.5 Tertiary 63 Cretaceous 135 Jurassic 180 Triassic 225 Permian 280 Carboniferous 350 Devonian 400 Silurian
More informationName Date When you put food away in the kitchen, you sort the food into groups. You put foods that are alike in certain ways into the same
1 Name Date When you put food away in the kitchen, you sort the food into groups. You put foods that are alike in certain ways into the same group. Scientists do the same thing with animals, plants and
More informationOuch! You re hurting. CoMPeting With general electric. The Glowworm
ChAPTer 5 CoMPeting With general electric The Glowworm Ouch! You re hurting me! Please don t pinch my wings so tight. You can hold me in your hand, but just don t crush me! Please remember to set me free.
More informationHOW DID DINOSAURS REGULATE THEIR BODY TEMPERATURES?
HOW DID DINOSAURS REGULATE THEIR BODY TEMPERATURES? INTRODUCTION: THERMOREGULATION IN LIVING ANIMALS This activity explores thermoregulation in living and extinct animals, including dinosaurs. The activity
More informationAdaptation. Survival of the Fittest
Adaptation Survival of the Fittest It s all about traits Acquired Traits Happen After Birth Scars Pierced Ears Learning a Skill Changing Appearance It s all about traits Inherited Traits Programmed at
More informationQuestion Set 1: Animal EVOLUTIONARY BIODIVERSITY
Biology 162 LAB EXAM 2, AM Version Thursday 24 April 2003 page 1 Question Set 1: Animal EVOLUTIONARY BIODIVERSITY (a). We have mentioned several times in class that the concepts of Developed and Evolved
More informationThe Cretaceous Period
The Cretaceous Period By Doug and Claudia Mann Illustrated by David Cobb Copyright 2007 www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com Mesozoic Era Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous The Cretaceous Period: Flowers Bloom For
More informationStation 1. Echolocation
Echolocation Station 1 A lot of animals use echolocation to both navigate and hunt. They send out high-frequency sounds and use the returning echoes to form images of our environment. As if by singing,
More informationDinosaurs and Dinosaur National Monument
Page 1 of 6 Dinosaurs and Dinosaur National Monument The Douglass Quarry History of Earl's Excavation... Geology of the Quarry Rock Formations and Ages... Dinosaur National Monument protects a large deposit
More informationVertebrates. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone and an endoskeleton.
Vertebrates Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone and an endoskeleton. The backbone replaces the notochord and contains bones called vertebrae. An endoskeleton is an internal skeleton that protects
More informationActivity Three: The Mystery Fossil Bones Activity
Activity Three: The Mystery Fossil Bones Activity This was one of my favorites. I often used this as a culminating activity for my Geo. History Unit. Students from 9th - 12th loved it. And I m sure middle
More informationTemperature Adaptation in Northern Dogs
This article is taken from the March, 1971 issue of "Northern Dog News" although it first appeared in the January, 1971 issue of the Newsletter of the Samoyed Club of Colorado. Temperature Adaptation in
More informationChapter 22 Darwin and Evolution by Natural Selection
Anaerobic Bacteria Photosynthetic Bacteria Dinosaurs Green Algae Multicellular Animals Flowering Molluscs Arthropods Chordates Jawless Fish Teleost Fish Amphibians Insects Reptiles Mammals Birds Land Plants
More informationLife s Natural History = a record of Successions & Extinctions. Anaerobic Bacteria. Photosynthetic Bacteria. Green Algae. Multicellular Animals
Evolution by Natural Selection (Chapter 22) DOCTRINE TINTORETTO The Creation of the Animals 1550 The Fossil record OBSERVATION mya Quaternary 1.5 Tertiary 63 Cretaceous 135 Jurassic 180 Triassic 225 Permian
More informationVERTEBRATE READING. Fishes
VERTEBRATE READING Fishes The first vertebrates to become a widespread, predominant life form on earth were fishes. Prior to this, only invertebrates, such as mollusks, worms and squid-like animals, would
More informationWhere Animals and Plants Are Found
Section 8: Physical Systems Where Animals and Plants Are Found About Animals and Plants What I Need to Know Vocabulary ecosystem food chain food web marine prairie Many animals live on Earth. Many plants
More informationThe Theory of Evolution
The Theory of Evolution Darwin Notes Pt. 2 Charles Darwin Darwin was born in 1809 in England. He was from a strong Christian family. Age 16, Darwin was sent by his father to study medicine He left and
More informationCharles Darwin. The Theory of Evolution
The Theory of Evolution Darwin Notes Pt. 2 Charles Darwin Darwin was born in 1809 in England. He was from a strong Christian family. Age 16, Darwin was sent by his father to study medicine He left and
More informationAnimal Traits and Behaviors that Enhance Survival. Copyright 2010:PEER.tamu.edu
Animal Traits and Behaviors that Enhance Survival Copyright 2010:PEER.tamu.edu What We Are Going To Learn: What are traits? Inherited vs. Learned Response to stimuli Evolutionary Adaptations Natural Selection
More informationS7L2_Genetics and S7L5_Theory of Evolution (Thrower)
Name: Date: 1. Single-celled organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves without combining genes from two different parent cells. When they do this, they use a type of A. asexual reproduction.
More informationWALKING WITH DINOSAURS KIT 1
Legal Disclaimers & Notices All rights reserved. No part of this document or accompanying files may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic or otherwise, by any means without the prior written
More informationCONTENTS. Life Science... 2
CONTENTS Page Life Science... 2 The Praying Mantis...6 Lana Learns to Talk...8 Tool Users...10 The Largest Owl in North America...12 The Horseshoe Crab A Living Fossil...14 On the Trail of the Grizzly
More informationTeaching grade 1/2 students who have reading comprehension difficulties to paraphrase will increase their literal comprehension.
Teaching grade 1/ students who have reading comprehension difficulties to paraphrase will increase their literal comprehension.! "#$% & '#(% ) *+, -#.% " *+, /#% $ &#)% ' 0 *+!, "#$% ( "#$% - (% -#.% *+!,
More informationCharacteristics of a Reptile. Vertebrate animals Lungs Scaly skin Amniotic egg
Reptiles Characteristics of a Reptile Vertebrate animals Lungs Scaly skin Amniotic egg Characteristics of Reptiles Adaptations to life on land More efficient lungs and a better circulator system were develope
More informationTEACHER GUIDE: Letter 1: Western Pond Turtle
TEACHER GUIDE: Letter 1: Western Pond Turtle CONCEPTS COVERED Plant Community-- Riparian or stream wetland Characteristics Tenajas Representative animal--western pond turtle Characteristics Food Reproduction
More informationWelcome to Darwin Day!
Welcome to Darwin Day! Considered to be the father of evolutionary ideas Sailed upon the HMS Beagle for 5 years around the world Gathered data and specimens from South America Galapagos Islands, as well
More informationBiology 1B Evolution Lecture 11 (March 19, 2010), Insights from the Fossil Record and Evo-Devo
Biology 1B Evolution Lecture 11 (March 19, 2010), Insights from the Fossil Record and Evo-Devo Extinction Important points on extinction rates: Background rate of extinctions per million species per year:
More informationNatural Selection - Peppered Moth Interactive
Name: Date: Period: Natural Selection - Peppered Moth Interactive Directions: Go to the Peppered Moth Interactive page on the internet: peppermoths.weebly.com or use the Peppered Moth link on www.biologybynapier.com
More information4 Many species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish 940L. Source 1 Habitats
Source 1 Habitats 1 American Alligators can be found in fresh water environments like rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps and marshes. They also like to live in areas that are brackish, which means the water
More informationVertebrates. skull ribs vertebral column
Vertebrates skull ribs vertebral column endoskeleton in cells working together tissues tissues working together organs working together organs systems Blood carries oxygen to the cells carries nutrients
More informationChapter 1 Exploring and Classifying Life
'Name Date WK# Mrs. Van Voorhis Life Science 7 ' Alive or Not?! Page 4 Chapter 1 Exploring and Classifying Life How many different living things do you see in this picture? Page 4 Name them! What do all
More informationPhylum Chordata. Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles
Phylum Chordata Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles Chordates Three different groups Vertebrates Lancelets Tunicates At some point in their lives, they all have four special body parts Notocord Hollow nerve cord
More informationReading Science! Name: Date: Darwin s Fancy with Finches Lexile 1190L
7.11/.12: daptation of Species Name: ate: arwin s Fancy with Finches Lexile 1190L 1 2 Whales are mammals that live in water and can hold their breath underwater for a long time, yet need to breathe air
More informationEndangered Species Origami
Endangered Species Origami For most of the wild things on Earth, the future must depend upon the conscience of mankind ~ Dr. Archie Carr, father of modern marine turtle biology and conservation Humpback
More informationWriting: Lesson 23. Today the students will practice planning for informative/explanatory prompts in response to text they read.
Top Score Writing Grade 4 Lesson 23 Writing: Lesson 23 Today the students will practice planning for informative/explanatory prompts in response to text they read. The following passages will be used in
More informationQuestions The word species in the first sentence is closest in meaning to A. mates. B. varieties. C. killers. D. enemies.
Questions 1-11 Bees, classified into over 10,000 species, are insects found in almost every part of the world except the northernmost and southernmost regions. One commonly known species is the honeybee,
More informationI will learn to talk about. groups of animals animal characteristics animal habitats. Unit Unit 7
I am a mammal with both fur and wings. I sleep during the day, and I hunt for food at night. I use high-pitched sounds to find my way around. What am I? I will learn to talk about groups of animals animal
More informationd. Wrist bones. Pacific salmon life cycle. Atlantic salmon (different genus) can spawn more than once.
Lecture III.5b Answers to HW 1. (2 pts). Tiktaalik bridges the gap between fish and tetrapods by virtue of possessing which of the following? a. Humerus. b. Radius. c. Ulna. d. Wrist bones. 2. (2 pts)
More informationThere was a different theory at the same time as Darwin s theory.
Q1.Charles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection. Many people at the time did not accept his theory. (a) There was a different theory at the same time as Darwin s theory. The different theory
More informationBiology Slide 1 of 50
Biology 1 of 50 2 of 50 What Is a Reptile? What are the characteristics of reptiles? 3 of 50 What Is a Reptile? What Is a Reptile? A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial
More informationWriting: Lesson 31. Today the students will be learning how to write more advanced middle paragraphs using a variety of elaborative techniques.
Top Score Writing Grade 4 Lesson 31 Writing: Lesson 31 Today the students will be learning how to write more advanced middle paragraphs using a variety of elaborative techniques. The following passages
More informationTamim Ansary. Illustrations by Derrick Williams
Tamim Ansary Illustrations by Derrick Williams i Amazing Creatures Table of Contents Introduction.............................. v Bats: Masters of Sound...................... 1 The World of the Ants......................
More information(ii) We know a number of facts about an ant s life because
Though so very small, the ant is unbelievably intelligent and hard-working. Among the various kinds, the commonest ant is black or red. Ants live in comfortable homes called anthills. NAME the smallest
More informationToday there are approximately 250 species of turtles and tortoises.
I WHAT IS A TURTLE OR TORTOISE? Over 200 million years ago chelonians with fully formed shells appeared in the fossil record. Unlike modern species, they had teeth and could not withdraw into their shells.
More informationCOULD YOU HAVE RIDDEN A HORSE MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO? Horse evolution goes back more than 55 million years
NATURAL SELECTION 7. 1 1 C I D E N T I F Y S O M E C H A N G E S I N T R A I T S T H A T H A V E O C C U R R E D O V E R S E V E R A L G E N E R A T I O N S T H R O U G H N A T U R A L S E L E C T I O
More informationEvolution. Evolution is change in organisms over time. Evolution does not have a goal; it is often shaped by natural selection (see below).
Evolution Evolution is change in organisms over time. Evolution does not have a goal; it is often shaped by natural selection (see below). Species an interbreeding population of organisms that can produce
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 33. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 33 16-3 The Process of 16-3 The Process of Speciation Speciation 2 of 33 16-3 The Process of Speciation Natural selection and chance events can change the relative frequencies of alleles in
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore SCAVENGER For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources,
More informationMANSFIELD SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL / SCIENCE / A. There is no God. B. All living things on Earth are related.
The Evidence of Evolution Name: Date: 1. Biological Evolutions makes 2 very bold claims about living creatures.what are they circle 2. A. There is no God. B. All living things on Earth are related. C.
More informationSupplement A: Phenomena Information Packet (1 of 6)
Supplement A: Phenomena Information Packet (1 of 6) Fit of Continents Three hundred years ago, a man named Abraham Ortelium noticed that maps of the world showed continents that seemed like they would
More informationVertebrate Structure and Function
Vertebrate Structure and Function Part 1 - Comparing Structure and Function Classification of Vertebrates a. Phylum: Chordata Common Characteristics: Notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, hollow dorsal nerve
More informationExtinction. Grade Level: 1 3
Extinction Grade Level: 1 3 Teacher Guidelines pages 1 2 Instructional Pages pages 3 4 Activity Pages pages 5 6 Practice Page page 7 Answer Key pages 8 9 Classroom Procedure: 1. Distribute the Extinction
More informationEveryday Mysteries: Why most male birds are more colorful than females
Everyday Mysteries: Why most male birds are more colorful than females By Scientific American, adapted by Newsela staff on 02.06.17 Word Count 779 Mandarin ducks, a male (left) and a female, at WWT Martin
More informationGrade Level: 3-5. Next Generation Sunshine State Standards SC.3.L.15.1 SC.4.L.16.2; SC.4.L.17.4 SC.5.L.15.1; SC.5.L.17.1
Grade Level: 3-5 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards SC.3.L.15.1 SC.4.L.16.2; SC.4.L.17.4 SC.5.L.15.1; SC.5.L.17.1 Program Overview Discover the realm of reptiles, amazing creatures adapted to land
More informationSec KEY CONCEPT Reptiles, birds, and mammals are amniotes.
Thu 4/27 Learning Target Class Activities *attached below (scroll down)* Website: my.hrw.com Username: bio678 Password:a4s5s Activities Students will describe the evolutionary significance of amniotic
More informationB D. C D) Devonian E F. A) Cambrian. B) Ordovician. C) Silurian. E) Carboniferous. F) Permian. Paleozoic Era
Paleozoic Era A) Cambrian A B) Ordovician B D C) Silurian C D) Devonian E) Carboniferous F) Permian E F The Cambrian explosion refers to the sudden appearance of many species of animals in the fossil record.
More informationFishes, Amphibians, Reptiles
Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles Section 1: What is a Vertebrate? Characteristics of CHORDATES Most are Vertebrates (have a spinal cord) Some point in life cycle all chordates have: Notochord Nerve cord that
More informationEvolution as Fact. The figure below shows transitional fossils in the whale lineage.
Evolution as Fact Evolution is a fact. Organisms descend from others with modification. Phylogeny, the lineage of ancestors and descendants, is the scientific term to Darwin's phrase "descent with modification."
More informationFrom Slime to Scales: Evolution of Reptiles. Review: Disadvantages of Being an Amphibian
From Slime to Scales: Evolution of Reptiles Review: Disadvantages of Being an Amphibian Gelatinous eggs of amphibians cannot survive out of water, so amphibians are limited in terms of the environments
More informationNAME: DATE: SECTION:
NAME: DATE: SECTION: MCAS PREP PACKET EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY 1. Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that dolphins and sharks do not have a recent common ancestor? A. Dolphins
More informationWhat does it mean to be a tetrapod? What three things were needed to survive on land? What does it mean to be oviparous?
Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Birds What does it mean to be a tetrapod? What three things were needed to survive on land? Which two of these problems did amphibians NOT figure out? What does
More informationAdvances in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Characteristics of Reptiles as a Model for Bionic Architecture
ACEE Volume 01(3), 124-135 Advances in Civil and Environmental Engineering ISSN 2345-2722 www.jacee.us - copyright 2013 Jacee.us official website. Characteristics of Reptiles as a Model for Bionic Architecture
More informationName: Per. Date: 1. How many different species of living things exist today?
Name: Per. Date: Life Has a History We will be using this website for the activity: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/intro/index.html Procedure: A. Open the above website and click
More informationa type of honey. a nest. a type of bee. a storage space.
Practice Test 1 Passage 3 Bees, classified into over 10,000 species, are insects found in almost every part of the world except the northernmost and southernmost regions. One commonly known species is
More informationBiodiversity and Extinction. Lecture 9
Biodiversity and Extinction Lecture 9 This lecture will help you understand: The scope of Earth s biodiversity Levels and patterns of biodiversity Mass extinction vs background extinction Attributes of
More informationMechanism of a Crocodile s Circulatory System
Mechanism of a Crocodile s Circulatory System Figure 1. A crocodile diving at Botswana (Nachoum, A. 2017) Ever wonder in one of those animal documentaries we watch in television, wherein a crocodile glides
More informationName Date Class. From the list below, choose the term that best completes each sentence.
Name Date Class Structure and Function of Vertebrates Review and Reinforce Birds Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. What are four characteristics that all birds share? 2. What
More informationExpanded noun phrases and verbs to describe an underwater world
Expanded noun phrases and verbs to describe an underwater world Object/ creature Expanded noun phrase Verb (action) Seaweed Tall, towering seaweed. Stand still. Sock fish Hat turtles T shirt octopus Water
More informationEssential Question: What are the characteristics of invertebrate animals? What are the characteristics of vertebrate animals?
Essential Question: What are the characteristics of invertebrate animals? What are the characteristics of vertebrate animals? Key Concept: The animal kingdom is divided up into 35 phyla. These phyla can
More informationMost amphibians begin life as aquatic organisms and then live on land as adults.
Section 3: Most amphibians begin life as aquatic organisms and then live on land as adults. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What were the kinds of adaptations
More information30-3 Amphibians Slide 1 of 47
1 of 47 What Is an Amphibian? What Is an Amphibian? An amphibian is a vertebrate that, with some exceptions: lives in water as a larva and on land as an adult breathes with lungs as an adult has moist
More informationIsabella Brooklyn Illustrated by Haude Levesque
Isabella Brooklyn Illustrated by Haude Levesque A Charlesbridge Imprint Text copyright 2010 by Sudipta Bardham Quallen Illustrations copyright 2010 by Haude Levesque All rights reserved, including the
More informationEvolution of Birds. Summary:
Oregon State Standards OR Science 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.3S.1, 7.3S.2 8.1, 8.2, 8.2L.1, 8.3, 8.3S.1, 8.3S.2 H.1, H.2, H.2L.4, H.2L.5, H.3, H.3S.1, H.3S.2, H.3S.3 Summary: Students create phylogenetic trees to
More informationDomesticated dogs descended from an ice age European wolf, study says
Domesticated dogs descended from an ice age European wolf, study says By Los Angeles Times, adapted by Newsela staff on 11.22.13 Word Count 952 Chasing after a pheasant wing, these seven-week-old Labrador
More information