Commercial Layer Management

Transcription

1 Commercial Layer Management ISO 9001:2008 By: V K Saxena Principal Scientist, ICAR- CARI, Izatnagar

2 Poultry: Contributions in Production and R&D Poultry stands 2 nd in the world meat production. Indian Poultry Sector: 8-15 % /annum... Agric. sector 1.5 to 2% /annum 6-7% per annum for egg; 15-20% for meat. IPS contribution:~0.77% to national GDP; 17% of GDP from livestock. (Meat sector ~ 66.7 % ; Egg Prod and 33.3%) India ranks 3 th in egg and 5 th in broiler production in world. Fundamental genetic principles like linkage, epistasis etc. Attenuation method for live vaccines (Louis Pasteur, 1880). First evidence for viral induced tumor (Rous, 1911, Nobel Prize, 1966). Reverse transcriptase- Isolated from ALV (Tamin & Baltimore, 1963; Nobel Prize, 1975). Oncogenes in virus are from host cells (Bishop & Harold Varmus; Nobel Prize 1989). Major two arms of immune response, the T and B cells were first discovered in chicken.

3 National Scenario Indicators %change Egg Prod. 5.3 b 66.5 b Broiler Prod MMT 2.48 MMT Broiler Traits Bodywt 1.5kgat10wk 1.7 Kgat5wk FCR % PCA Meat 0.22 kg 2.22 kg Layer traits Egg Nos. FCR Egg wt % 32% 11.5% PCA Egg 10 p.a. 55 p.a Poultry pop million million Turkey Guinea fowl (Annual Growth Rates : to ) Human Population : 1.58% ; Poultry Population : 4.86%; Eggs Production : 3.64%; Poultry Meat Production : 8.45% Egg consumption : 1.43%; Poultry meat consumption :1.67%; Chicke n Indian Poultry Quail Duck Emu

4 Current Status of Poultry Production in Uttar Pradesh Indian Poultry Population Present poultry population Total Livestock in UP : Million : Million : Million 2.5% 27.2% Population and Production Trends in UP % Increase Livestock m m 14 Poultry Popularity of poultry Egg production (2012): m (121 % of target set for UP); constitute only 2.4% of the national egg production. PCA of egg increased from 5 to 8 (2007 to 2012) ; National average: 58 The number of broilers and poultry meat production has declined in compared to These situations indicate the potential of poultry rearing in the UP but warrants a proactive approach and policies to support poultry production

5 Development of Commercial Layer The chickens developed and reared for egg production are termed as layer. worldwide, layers are bred for higher Nos. of eggs/ kg of feed with sound shell strength, uniform shell colour without blood and meat spots and a reasonably upright egg white. Selection strategies to improve egg production include part-time egg production records, persistency of lay, clutch length, FCR/ Residual feed consumption(rfc) Skeletal problems (majorly osteomalacia and osteoporosis)

6 Commercial Layers developed at public/govt Sector Commercial Stock Type Name of Institute ILI 80 ILM 90 ILR 90 HH 260 BH 78 White egger CARI, Izatnagar. White egger KAU, Mannuthy. White egger ANGRAU, Hyd White egger CPBF, Bangalore White egger CPBF, Bangalore Kalinga Brown Brown egger CPBF, Bhubaneshwar CARI-SOANLI CARI-PRIYA Brown egger CARI, Izatnagar. White egger CARI, Izatnagar.

7 Production Performance of Layer strains developed at SAUs/Institutes Breed First egg50% EP Peak Pro.Age LiveabilityPeak EP ILI weeks 150 d weeks Gr. (96%) L (94%) FE/kg egg Egg Wt Net EP (72 wk) 92% g 280 eggs Golden d Gr. (96%) 90% g 265 eggs weeks weeks L (94%) Priya weeks Sonali weeks Devendra weeks 150 d weeks 155 d weeks 155 d weeks Gr. (96%) L(94%) Gr. (96%) L (94%) Gr. (97%) L 94%) 92% g 300 eggs 90% g 275 eggs 90% g 200 eggs

8 Commercial Layer developed in Pvt sector Breed First egg Bwtwk Bwt72 Peak Net EP Livab. FE Egg Wt 20 wk wk EP (72 wk) BV Gr. (98%) kg 97%+ 124g/egg 72 g (White), weeks kg L (94%) eggs BV Gr. (97%) Kg 1.85 kg (Brown) weeks L (92%) eggs Hyline Gr. (97%) Kg % 110g/egg 60 g W-36 weeks L(94%) eggs Hyline Gr. (97%) kg %125 g/egg 62 g Brown weeks L (94%) eggs Bovans Gr. (97%) 1.17 kg - 95% 127 g/egg 60.5g 330 eggs White weeks L 94%) Lohmann Gr. (98%) 95% g 60.5g 305 eggs weeks kg L 96%) /egg VRB, Farm Pvt.Ltd BV-300 (White) BV -380 (Brown) Ponni Hatcheries, TN Hyline W-36 Hyline Brown Pioneer Hatcheries, TN Bovans White SugunaPoultry Farm, TN Bovans White

9 Management of commercial Layers Housing: Access to road service Level of the ground should be high The place should be dry. Future expansion needs Drainage Exposure of the house Wind direction Distance between houses

10 Basic Principles for Layout Design Layout should not allow visitors and outside vehicles to come in contact with birds. Administrative block and feed mill unit should be kept away from sheds Younger birds should be kept away from disturbances due to movements. The houses of should be necessarily placed on the upwind flow side to avoid cross-infection from adults to younger through air. In our country for major part of year, west is the upwind flow side. Feed mill is generally attached to medium and large size poultry farms and preferably placed near gate. Ventilation Ventilation keeps the atmosphere healthy in house Free flowing air in the house; Reduce the temp. inside house in summer Humidity (Optimum Humidity: %) Higher humidity: Conducive for multiplication of pathogenis; Low Humidity: Dusty and dry litter

11 Layout of the poultry farm A Distance between 1 st house and approach road (20 m) B-Distance between incinerator and last house (30 m) D- Distance between two houses (10m) FM Feed mill I Incinerator S.O. Store and Office

12 Orientation of Poultry Houses In hotter parts of country, the long axis of the house should be east to westand the sides should face north south to prevent direct sun shine The areas where both the condition prevailed, long axis in the direction of Northeast to Southwestmay be helpful The wind direction and drainage should be from the houses of young stock to adult stock to aid in disease prevention. The distance between the houses of young and adult stock should be about feet to help in disease prevention. Construction of Poultry Houses Foundation: 6-12 above the floor level for deep litter hosuses Floor: moisture proof, free from cracks, easily cleaned, rat proof and durable Sides and walls: 8 to 10 feet from floor level; 2/3 fitted with wire mesh; cold weather, curtains can be lowered from the overhang Roofs: draft and moisture proof; Asbestos or cement board roofs more desirable Laying cages: Ventilation: 50 exhaust fans on side of walls can be fitted for ventilation

13 AUTO FEEDING SYSTEM Pan system Trough system Auto-drinking system

14 Specifications as per BIS-For housing poultry on floor Space RequirementsCm 2 Feederspace (Cm) / bird Watering space/ 100 birds Age Light breed Heavy breed Limear (Cm) Cap. (lit) 0-8wks (chick) (Grower) > 21 (Adult) Typical layer house (Stationary type) No of Birds L (m) W (m) H(m)

15 Laying Equipments CAGE SYSTEM Mostly adopted for layers and broiler breeders Variable (existing) (new cages) Space allowance * 750* (cm²/hen) Feeding space/hen (cm) Cage height (cm) Perch (cm/hen) na na Abrasive strip na na present present Nest box na na present present Dust bath na na present Present * includes 600 cm²/hen free space and an additional 150 cm²/hen of nest and dust bath space na = Not available

16 Roofs and open type poultry houses

17 Ventilation system

18 Plan of EC house

19 Interior view of EC house

20 Enriched cages Aviary

21 Tier Cages

22 BROODING MANAGEMENT

23 Brooding equipment Hover Heating devices Chick guard Feeders Waters Feed storage bins

24 Chick guard Hower Corridor Heat Convector Heating Devices Gas Brooder with automatic control

25 Heating Devices: Several type of heating devices viz. electric bulbs including infra-red bulbs, gas brooder, electric heat convector, coal burning small sized furnace, saw dust stoves, oil burning stoves, hot water and hot air devices etc. The heating devices should be made available: to provide a temperature around 35 C in brooding area. Temperature in the rest of the pen can be allowed to drop to 20 or 15 C. For small flocks of up to 75 chicks, only a heat lamp may be required.

26 SPACE HEATER to be operated at low pressure LPG or CNG

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28 More heat Low heat Draft wind

29 Battery Brooding

30 Temperature Guidelines ( F) House Floor Litter Day Day Day Day Day Day Day

31 Water space (inches) Age of chick (wk) Tubular waterer Circular waterer 0-3 ¼ 1/8 3-6 ½ ¼ After 6 ¾ ½ Water space requirement of layers Items Water spaceinches/bird Trough Pan(10 inches dia) One/20-25 birds Drip valves One/6-8 birds

32 Feeders Feed is usually put in shallow boxes or egg flats on the floor or cage bottom for 4 to 6 days as well. Tubular type of feeders are used. On an average 4 tubular feeders (small size) /100 3 weeks onwards, larger size feeders (4); Feed should be offered frequently. Waterers-Good water is important. Sufficient number of waterersshould be provided to ensure adequate supply of fresh drinking water to all the chicks all the time. Non availability of adequate water is more hazardous for the growth of the bird and also reduces the feed intake. Fountain type waterer(2-3/ 100 chicks) may be provided from 0-2 weeks; afterwards small sized tub with grill may be used for watering.

33 Circular Drinker Fountain Type Drinker Automatic drinker Bell Shaped drinker

34 Nipple Drinker system

35 Fountain type waterer made of plastic or iron sheet. consisted of a cylindrical water container and a circular dish. The water container can sit loosely inside the circular dish with about 2.5 cm space remaining on all sides. Preferably, the top of water container is made conical so that chicks can sit over it and spoil water or topple it down. A hole is made in water container to push the water by air pressure. The water container filled with water is inverted over the dish; due to air pressure water is filled in dish. The chicks can easily drink water and accidental deaths due to drowning are also avoided. In large flocks, some form of automatic water system is usually installed. In a float controlled trough, 2 cm per bird is considered sufficient. One hanging fountain per 80 to 100 birds, one smaller cup per 50 birds, one nipple for birds, will generally be adequate. In Circle brooding the feed and water should be placed at the edge of the heat reflectors, which is 60 to 70 cm above the floor.

36 Chick Feeder Automatic feeder

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38 Grower Feeder

39 Feed Storage bins: Large size plastic or metallic drums having capacity of 200 L may be used for feed storage. The feed should not be stored for a long period as it may lead to growth of moulds and fungus. At the most feed for 4-5 days may be store. Feedshouldbeasfreshaspossible.

40 Equipment for Grower management: The watererand feeders are of larger size than that used during brooding stage. The round hanging feeders with capacity of 8-10 Kg capacity may also be used during growing stage. The water channels or automatic watering system may be used for supplying water during growing stage. In summers; the cooling devices like water sprinklers, foggers, coolers, fans etc are also used. Besides, on sides of grower houses the trees can be planted to keep the environment cool. High qualityfoggers, which are used by poultry farmers during the summers for bringing down the temperature by 8-10 Celsius.

41 Evaporative Cooling Pad System Cooling Devices Foggers Sprinklers

42 Fogers in poultry house Sprinklars

43 Light regime Two basic Principles: 1. Never Increase the duration or intensity of light during the growing period. 2. Never Decrease the duration or intensity of light during the production period hrs of continuous light at one and two days of age and thenreducedto15or16hrsoflightuntilthe3weeksofage. At3-weeksofage,reducethehoursoflighttoabout12hoursor as dictated by natural day length. When target body weights are achieved start your stimulatory lighting program to increase 13 hours and then add min perweekuntil16hrsoflightisreached. Light stimulation should continue until peak production One bulb of 30 watt is sufficient for an area of 100 sq. feet, if hanged 8 above floor.

44 The sensitivity of the young pullet to an increase in photoperiod varies with age and is at a maximum between 9 and 12 weeks of age and thus increasing the photoperiod at orsoonafter18weekshaslittleeffectonageat50%lay. Therefore, the use of step-down - step-up lighting programs should be timed to bring the birds into lay at the age. With early lay you will get more, smaller eggs and with late lay you willgetfewer,largereggs,butthetotaleggmassattheendof lay will not be much different.

45 Recommendations: A. R & D activities; B. Govt Policies Strengthening the efforts for development of poultry Germplasmat institutes/ SAUs/KVKs Least cost feed formulation using locally available ingredients. Strengthening the veterinary health services to reduce mortality. Training to poultry rearers on processing, trading etc Promoting integration of poultry with other farming activities. Diversified poultry production may be promoted. B: Govt policies: Financial assistance for poultry farming and allied sectors Strengthening infrastructure facilities and market network for expansion of poultry sector. Supplies of inputs and input delivery systems Encouraging farmers to grow maize /soybean( MSP and other policies) Cold chains/storage and other marketing facilities Welfare issues

46 ...Thank You