Demystifying Poultry Ventilation Ventilation 101

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1 Demystifying Poultry Ventilation Ventilation 101 Western Poultry Conference

2 Why ventilate poultry barns? Oxygen for birds? Fresh air? Clearing out noxious gases? Temperature Regulation (Cooling birds)? Moisture removal? Ventilation is the only way to remove moisture from our barns. Western Poultry Conference

3 There is only ONE optimal temperature for poultry Western Poultry Conference

4 Thermoneutral Zones Western Poultry Conference University of Kentucky

5 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation 1. Seal the barn to minimize air leakage and optimize fan performance. 2. Set a minimum ventilation rate. 3. Use a static pressure gauge. 4. Use heat to your advantage. 5. Use circulating fans. 6. Monitoring measure and track key indicators for performance and modification. Humidity Temperatures (high and low) Water consumption Feed changes Western Poultry Conference

6 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Seal the barn to minimize air leakage and optimize fan performance. Inlets closed properly Fans that are not in use are sealed Doors are sealed and blocked off from birds Proper insulation for barns Drafts or Dead air, etc Minimize access to corners, doors & areas that have no feed/water. Birds will brood in these cooler spots. Western Poultry Conference

7 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Seal the barn to minimize air leakage and optimize fan performance. Inlets closed properly Western Poultry Conference

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9 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Seal the barn to minimize air leakage and optimize fan performance. Fans that are not in use are sealed Western Poultry Conference

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11 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Seal the barn to minimize air leakage and optimize fan performance. Proper insulation for barns Drafts or Dead air, etc Minimize access to corners, doors & areas that have no feed/water. Birds will brood in these cooler spots. Western Poultry Conference

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14 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Seal the barn to minimize air leakage and optimize fan performance. Doors are sealed and blocked off from birds Western Poultry Conference

15 Western Poultry Conference Leaky Doors

16 Minimum ventilation in barns Our goal with minimum ventilation is to exhaust sufficient amount of air to maintain an adequate living environment. Relative humidity level of between % - depends on the age of the birds Carbon dioxide gas levels less than 5000 PPM Ammonia gas levels less than 20 PPM Western Poultry Conference

17 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Set a minimum ventilation rate increase weekly Should be used winter or summer 40, CFM = 4,000 or 113m³/minute (Day 0 6) 40, CFM = 10,000 or 283m³/minute (Day 7 13) 40, CFM = 16,000 or 453m³/minute (Day 14 20) 40, CFM = 20,000 or 566m³/minute (Day 21 27) 40, CFM = 26,000 or 736m³/minute (Day 28 34) 40, CFM = 29,000 or 821m³/minute (Day 35 41) Western Poultry Conference

18 Guide for Turkey CFM Cubic feet of air (cfm) recommendation per turkey Gender Age (Weeks) Minimum cfm Toms and Hens 0 to Toms and Hens 2 to to 0.5 Toms and Hens 5 to to 1.5 Toms and Hens 10 to to 3.0 Hens 14 to to 5.0 Toms 14 to to 15.0* Toms 17 to to 15.0* Toms to 25.0* * Varies according to moisture, ammonia and temperature conditions. May need more ventilation during hot weather Western Poultry Conference

19 Types or Pressure Positive Pressure fans blow into the barn. Can cause some moisture related issues within the structure of the building. Negative Pressure Fans create a vacuum that allows us to direct the air within the barn. Neutral Pressure fan and inlets are balanced. Most common in early stages of brooding. Western Poultry Conference

20 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Use a static pressure gauge An inexpensive tool that can and should be used in every barn to measure static pressure. Summer rates Winter rates Western Poultry Conference

21 Doctor check up = blood pressure Barn check up = air pressure Use a static pressure gauge to measure the health of your barn Western Poultry Conference

22 Measuring Static Pressure Use a static pressure gauge Pa (pascals) or inh 2 O (Inches) 10 Pa =.04 inh 2 O 20 Pa =.08 inh 2 O 30 Pa =.12 inh 2 O 40 Pa =.16 inh 2 O 50 Pa =.20 inh 2 O Western Poultry Conference

23 Cross, Combi tunnel or Tunnel fans Western Poultry Conference

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26 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Use heat to your advantage Heat needs to be used when drying out a barn. Heating incoming air by 20 F (11 C) will reduce its relative humidity by one half. This roughly doubles its moisture holding capacity. Think of air as a sponge. Ventilation rates can be increased during the hotter periods of the day. An increase of 1-2 F over set point will help in reducing RH. Western Poultry Conference

27 New technology solar walls Western Poultry Conference

28 Western Poultry Conference Heated incoming air

29 Western Poultry Conference Comparison

30 Western Poultry Conference Heat exchangers

31 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Use circulating fans Circ fans provide a great tool for assisting in moisture removal. They will mix the hot and cool air during a minimum ventilation mode. This will help reduce moisture under nipple/feed lines. Be careful with circ fans (cooling) Think of mixing hot water into a bath tub Western Poultry Conference

32 Using Circulation fans to mix air Western Poultry Conference

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34 Monitoring and Measurement How can you gauge the success of your changes without the knowledge of knowing where you started. Western Poultry Conference

35 Brooding Programs of FHC Using a brooding program to assess your barn and measure the performance through the birds. Flock Health Check to access the overall flock and to identify opportunities within the cycle to guide future improvements. Western Poultry Conference

36 Flock Health Check Wheatland Farm Data logger data review Broilers PP Placed August 19, 2013 Barn 7 & 8

37 Dew Point ( C) Average DP ( C) Average, Max/Min Dew Point ( C) Barn 7 Front Age (days) DP Diff 40% RH 80% RH Front Broiler Dew Point guidelines % RH 50% RH Age (days)

38 Detailed Project Description by Item Serology on Birds For Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

39 A Well-Managed Barn (3 density pens in same barn) A 0.65 sqft/brd 2B 0.8sqft/brd 2C 0.76 sqft/brd Recommended Upper Lower (Age in minutes) What can we learn from this? It is possible to follow the trend of the recommendations curve Density will play a role in how well the curve is tracked Bigger birds = more densely populated barn = greater need for ventilation capacity

40 DP ( C) Barn 8 Dew Point ( C) 30 Recommended Dew Point vs Actual Barn 8 Front 54, Middle 37 & Back % RH Front 54 Middle 37 Back 49 80% RH Age (days)

41 DP ( C) Observations Dew Point ( c) Recommended Dew Point vs Actual NE 3, Centre 44 & SW 33 Good conditions! Age (days) Slight possibility for heat stress what did the birds tell you? 40% RH NE 3 Centre 44 SW 33 80% RH Maximum dew ~18 days in will have felt like the warmest day in the barn, not placement day First 7 days chicks may perceive a chill due to low dew point, which is a result of low humidity at placement - Chill can = immune suppression and increased risk of disease

42 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Monitoring measure and track key indicators for performance. Humidity Humidity should be tracked every day as this measurement can be used to make changes before they become a problem. A simple $20-40 devise can be used daily as an effective tool for measuring RH. BC Meeting February 2014

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44 Barn RH is a good indicator of potential litter humidity. Litter humidity can lag a day or two behind an elevated RH. To check litter moisture you can use a gauge or the litter forming method. If the litter forms a ball that looks wet and doesn t break up easily then it is above 50%. If the litter forms a ball but easily break up then you will be around 35%. If the litter doesn t form a ball and breaks up immediately, then it is below 20% - too dry. Western Poultry Conference

45 Additional sources for RH

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49 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Monitoring measure and track key indicators for performance. Temperature (CO2 is also a great indicator) (All) environmental controllers are capable of recording high and low temps. These highs and lows can be used to determine how often your barn may be in minimum modes. Based on inlet openings this can also point to potential barn wetting opportunities. Western Poultry Conference

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51 Measurements can be recorded on the barn chart. hello Mortality, Temps, RH, water, etc... Poultry Diseases 201

52 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Monitoring measure and track key indicators for performance. Water Consumption Water consumption needs to be monitored daily to determine intake, wastage, (leaky nipples), input from birds chickens will add 1 lb (0.45kgs) of water for every 2 lbs (0.9kgs)of feed. Use this number as a guide to increase ventilation. Western Poultry Conference

53 Western Poultry Conference Nipple Line Flow Rates

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55 Principles for Poultry Barn Ventilation Monitoring measure and track key indicators for performance. Feed Consumption (form) Feed consumption can be monitored daily to determine intake of water. Feed changes can have an immediate change in bird behaviour, water consumption, flips, etc Western Poultry Conference

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59 We re not just growing poultry, we re providing food

60 Western Poultry Conference Thank you

61 Western Poultry Conference QUESTIONS?