PAUL GRIGNON DUMOULIN

Transcription

1 PAUL GRIGNON DUMOULIN

2 Bodyweight management and its impact in layers TOKYO July 12-13th, 2016

3 Introduction Bodyweight is one of the most important parameters to track in farms : In rearing : check the growth of the birds in order to achieve the best performance during production period In production : regular control allows to check if farm conditions is good enough to allow best productivity from the birds Filed experience : very often people follow growth during rearing but stop once birds start laying. In fact bodyweight management can influence many things

4 Some history Development of the modern Brown commercial layer +50% egg number HH EGGS AT 75 Weeks (NRS) HH EGGS AT 90 Weeks (NRS) HH EGGS AT 100 Weeks (NRS) 500 AGE AT 50% PRODUCTION (WKS) AGE AT PEAK PRODUCTION (WKS) RATE OF LAY AT PEAK (%) EGG MASS AT 75 Weeks (KG) EGG MASS AT 90 Weeks (KG) EGG MASS AT 100 Weeks (KG) 31.5 FEED/DAY (G/D) FCR resp. 75 to 90 to 100 weeks of age (KG/K) LIVEABILITY (%) HEN DAY RATE OF LAY AT 75 Weeks (%) BODYWEIGHT AT 18 Weeks (KGS) ADULT BODYWEIGHT (KGS) % bodyweight

5 Standard growth curves Growth is not linear Growth / nutritional needs maximum between 6-11 weeks ISA Brown growth curve

6 Influence of pullet quality on laying performance Sexual maturity % prod between weeks Bodyweight at 5 weeks old +++ 0,63 Bodyweight at 10 weeks old +++ Uniformity at 16 weeks old 0,59 0 % prod between weeks +++ 0, ,46 Egg number at 60 weeks old +++ 0, , ,54 Egg number at 72 weeks old Liveability at 72 weeks old +++ 0, , , , : very good correlation + : low correlation ++ : good correlation 0 : no correlation

7 Key anatomical and developmental stages Time-line in Changes of Growth and Body Components of Pullets Growth Frame Organs Muscles Increase in Calcium Pre lay feed Reproductive organ development Age (weeks) Medulary bone Fat

8 Bodyweight targets in rearing Get the best possible bodyweight at 4-5 weeks old In end of rearing, key of success is more linked with good uniformity than good bodyweight. At start of lay : between 5 and 90% lay, growth must be 300g minimum in brown layers Consequence : birds with same average bodyweight in end of rearing will have different performance in production, depending on their bodyweight at 5 weeks old or uniformity at 16 weeks old.

9 Practical rules for bodyweight management From day old to 3-4 weeks : weekly average bodyweight calculation based on group control. Chicks are weighted by group. From 3-4 to 26 weeks old : weekly individual control with bodyweight and uniformity calculation. From 26 to 36 weekd old : individual control at least every 2 weeks with bodyweight and uniformity calculation After 36 weeks old : individual control at least every 4 weeks with 0,4 bodyweight and uniformity calculation 0,35 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 0,

10 What is a good uniformity? Below 75% : bad 75-85% : acceptable Above 85% : good

11 Number of birds controled : minimum 60 birds per pen (best is 100 birds). In cage system : select cages in different locations of the house and place a mark in order to check the same animals at every control. This would be more accurate.

12 Source of variability in rearing Cage Floor / Aviary system Difference of temperature in the different areas of the house (uniformity of ventilation / atmosphere Uneven feed (in distribution troleys) Feed selection (availabe feeder length / feed presentation Sanitary pressure : contact with faeces (parasitisme / coccidiosis) Inadequate feeding management, feed restriction No respect of recommended densities (competition) Big particle feed Irregular beak-trimming and bad access to water in the first days Dehydrated, weak or infected DOC at arrival Poor brooding conditions : Heating, ventilation, wrong feed/water equipment Disease challenges

13 Practical example in rearing

14 Body Weight in g Field examples: Crowding in rearing ISA BROWN REARING CHART Name : Hatch date : Number of pullets : Rearing farm : House number : Friday July 4, , cages Bodyweight std BW mini std BW maxi Cumulative mortality Mortality in % Birds started in 2 tiers; At 6 WOA, ½ transferred into rest of cages over-crowded

15 Field examples: Problems with feed management Body weight in g BOVANS BROWN REARING CHART Name : Hatch date : Number of pullets : Rearing farm : House number : Friday 23 October, Bodyweight std BW mini std BW maxi Cumulative mortality Uniformity Uniformity in %, Mortality in % Problems with grower feed 1; Not enough BW gain Poor uniformity; By 7-8 wks pullets adjusted

16 Field examples: Stunted growth with vaccination Bodyweight in g ISA BROWN REARING CHART Name : Hatch date : Number of pullets : Rearing farm : House number : Begokon September 29, , cages Bodyweight std BW mini std BW maxi Cumulative mortality % Mortality Birds grow very well from 6-14 WOA; injection with killed vaccine flat BW growth

17 Start of lay : a key period

18 Energy requirement (Kcal/d/hen) Evaluation of energy requirement Production Growth Maintenance Age (weeks) Based on ISA Brown production standard Energy requirement evaluation= 130(BW) x daily WG x daily EM

19 Field example : management of feeding at start of lay Layers Conventionnal cages Transfert during summer First phase : -The lay begin -The egg weight increase -The limited feed consumption lead to low body weight Second phase : -Small and slow decrease of the laying rate Third phase : -Work on the energy intake -Increase bodyweight -Increase the laying rate

20 Bodyweight and sexual maturity

21 BODYWEIGHT AT SEXUAL MATURITY & A.E.W. 67, g g g > 2000 g 65 62, , , ,5 Bodyweight at first egg influence Egg Weight during all the laying period 45 Brown layers experiment weeks weeks weeks

22 Sexual maturity and bodyweight Pullet bodyweight at sexual maturity determine the average egg weight Sexual maturity management is a key factor for controlling bodyweight at the beginning of lay For brown birds, many trials showed a bodyweight modification of 80g at sexual maturity induce an eggweight variation of 1g

23 How can we influence bodyweight?

24 Bodyweight can be influenced by a few technics Feed / feeding Lighting program

25 FEED SPECIFICATIONS - BROWN EGG LAYERS TEMPERATE CLIMATE PRE STARTER GROWER PULLET - PRE LAY HOT CLIMATE Pre Starter Feed : EM= 2950 / CP = 20-20,5 Grower Feed : EM=2850 / CP=19 Developper Feed : EM = 2750 / CP=16 Pre Lay Feed : EM= 2750 / CP= 16,8 25

26 FEED SPECIFICATIONS Pre Starter Feed Before 4-5 weeks old, for Brown and Leghorn pullets, growth will depend on energy and protein level of the feed Grower Feed After 5 weeks old, pullets adapt their intake to feed energy level Any deficiency in Amino Acids after 6 weeks leads to lower growth and F.C.R. deterioration Developer Feed Energy level as close as possible to energy level of layer feed in order to: Develop digestive tract (through intake in rearing) Too high energy level risks lower intake at beginning of lay (increase of cost) Pre Lay Feed Energy level as close as possible to energy level of layer feed Calcium level increase (2 % with 1 % in powder and 1 % in particles form) 10 days before 2 % of production 26

27 Feed recommendations rearing period Starter feed in crumble (0-5/6 weeks of age), then mash feed is recommended Change feed only if birds are at bodyweight target (maximum age planed + 2 weeks) Use a pre lay feed (2 weeks before first eggs)

28 Feed consumption (/day Energy and feed consumption Vilarino et al 1996 Leeson et al 2001a Harms et al 2000 grobas et al 1999 Van der Lee et al 2001a Van der Lee et al 2001b CNEVA ISA 1996 harms et al 2004 Zou et al 2005 balnave et robinson 2000 peguri et coon Metabolisable Energy (Kcal/kg)

29 Energy intake ( Kcal/day/hen) Energy and energy intake Vilarino et al 1996 Leeson et al 2001a Harms et al 2000 grobas et al 1999 Van der Lee et al 2001a Van der Lee et al 2001b CNEVA ISA 1996 harms et al 2004 Zou et al 2005 balnave et robinson 2000 peguri et coon Metabolisable Energy (Kcal/kg)

30 Body weight (g) Energy (ME) and body weight Leeson et al 2001a balnave et robinson 2000 peguri et coon Metabolizable Energy (Kcal/kg)

31 Energy general scheme Standard BW MAINTENANCE PRODUCTION GROWTH BODY WEIGHT FEATHERING ENERGY REQUIREMENT < Slimming Energy feed concentration ENERGY CONSUMPTION = > Stable BW Fattening Feed presentation Feed distribution / Management

32 OPTIMUM FRAME DEVELOPMENT Quantity of pre starter Bodyweight at 4 weeks used (g) in % of BW standard Flock A 0 g 86% Flock B 300 g 95% During the first few weeks, live weight of pullets is very dependant on the energy level of the feed Normal (h/d) Lighting program Slow step down (h/d) Long daylengths throughout the rearing period encourage feed intake and, therfore, growth SLOW STEP DOWN L.P. 1st nd rd th 8 14,5 5th th 8 13,5 7th th 8 12,5 Brown layers experiment BW at 56 days (g) 678 g 731 g 24 th+h4 RST Eike 32

33 ENCOURAGE AND MAINTAIN BIRD APPETITE Lot A - Ad libitum Lot B with 2 meals (1 in afternoon and 1 in the morning (4 h of empty feeders) Flock A Flock B Diff B/A Bodyweight at 8 weeks (g) % Bodyweight at 12 weeks (g) % Bodyweight at 17 weeks (g) % Uniformity 17 weeks (%) points Consumption at 119 d (g) % ISA 1995 Brown layers experiment «Essential to empty the feeders once a day and to adapt the timing of feed distribution in order to encourage appetite, growth and rapid feed intake» 33

34 Influence of particle size Influence of particle size of feed on performance of layers between 2» and 51 weeks old Particle size Good Fine Variation in % < 0.5 mm 9 % 31 % > 3.2 mm 10 % 0 % 0.5 to 3.2 mm 81 % 69 % > 1.6 mm 65 % 21 % Lay, % Egg weight, g Egg Mass, g/d Feed consumption, g/d F.C.R Bodyweight at 33 w

35 DRINKING WATER TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON FEED CONSUMPTION Water temperature:27 C Water temperature:18 C Temp.de l'air : C sem 0 T:22 C week 1 T:27-35 C week 2 T:27-35 C week 3 T:27-35 C week 4 T:27-35 C week 5 T:22 C week 6 T:22 C Providing fresh water during hot period improve feed consumption

36 Hours of Light Impact of light on feed intake and growth Dekalb white - cages light bodyweight feedintake Age (wks)

37 Summary and conclusions Bodyweight is a key factor for flock management as this will influence future performance of birds As a consequence, bodyweight should be controlled during the whole life of the layer flocks Management, in particular nutrition and lighting program can help to control bodyweight and let the birds express their genetic potential at 100%

38 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION QUESTIONS? Breeding for 500 first quality Eggs!

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