Mechanisms of penicillin - vancomycine and bacitracin effect on bacteria and resistence

Transcription

1 Mechanisms of peniciin - vancomycine and bacitracin effect on bacteria and resistence Wednesday, the 3 rd of May Industria and food microbioogy Pauine Féix VON KORFF COLLET

2 Introduction Antibiotic drugs definition : (aso caed antibacteria) Bioogica or synthetic substances Micro-organisms (moud, pants) Ki or inhibit the growth of bacteria by 3 mechanisms : inhibit bacteria ce wa inhibit protein synthesis Inhibit nuceic acid production Not effective against viruses Inappropriate and overuse eads to the emergence of resistent organisms Routes of administrations : By mouth (usuay) By injection (more severe cases) Eyes or ear drops (cases of infection)

3 Introduction Drug Cass Mecanism of Action Peniciins Interact directy with PBPs [1] and inhibit transpeptidase activity Gycopeptides (Vancomycin) Bacitracin Large moecues that bind to the peptide chain of peptidogycan subunits, bocking transgycosyation and transpeptidation Bock transport of peptidogycan subunits across cytopasmic membrane [1] : Peniciine Binding Proteins

4 Peniciin Genera information : Famiy of becta-actam antibiotics : group of antibiotics incuding peniciin G, V, procaine, peniciin and benzathine peniciin Aexander Feming discovered Peniciin in 1928 by serendipity Sma size, most commony affective gram-positive but aso gramnegative bacteria Ki bacteria by weakening ce was

5 Peniciin Mechanism Binary fission

6 Peniciin Resistence 1. Restrict transport Mutations in Gram-negative bacteria, fewer porins or smaer openings 2. Modify target moecues Peniciin-binding proteins 3. Enzymes beta-actamases

7 Vancomycine Genera information : Antibiotic made by the soi bacterium Amycoatopsis orientais Famiy of gycopeptides First sod in 1954 Effective ony on gram-positive bacteria Ki bacteria by weakening ce was

8 Vancomycine mechanism

9 Vancomycine resistence 1. Increasing thickness of the wa Mutations 2. Hyperproduction of peptidogycan precursors Act as decoys 3. Acquisition of vancomycine VanA resistence operon

10 Bacitracin Genera information : Mixture of various poypeptide antibiotic produced by Bacius subtiis Bacitracin A, B1, B2, B3, F, C1, C3, E, H1, H2, H3, I1, I2 and I3 First isoated in 1945 Effective ony on gram-positive bacteria Ki bacteria by intering with ce wa and peptidogycan synthesis

11 Bacitracin mechanism dephosphoryation of C55 isopreny pyrophosphate = bactopréno a tranport protein

12 Bacitracin resistence 1. Protein BCRABC Bacitracin is pumped up the ce 2. Protein BACA Active phosphoryated bactopreno from a different synthetic pathway

13 Synthesis Antibiotic drug Action spectrum Target moecue Peniciin Gram + Gram - Transpeptidase Vancomycin Gram + Peptidogycan Bacitracin Gram + Phosphoryase

14 Concusion Antibiotics revoutionized medicine in 20th century Bad utiisation and use in intensive anima farming are exacerbating probem with antibiotic resistence Over peope die each year in EU from infections caused by antibioticresistant bacteria Reguation and new research is needed

15 Mechanisms of peniciin - vancomycine and bacitracin effect on bacteria and resistence Thank you for your attention, if you have any questions we woud be happy to answer them.