Fluoroquinolones for the treatment and prevention of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
|
|
- Griffin Elliott
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 INT J TUBERC LUNG DIS 20(12):S42 S47 Q 2016 The Union MDR-TB TRIALS LANDSCAPE SUPPLEMENT Fluoroquinolones for the treatment and prevention of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis T. R. Sterling Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA SUMMARY Although fluoroquinolones (FQs) play an important role in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), there are several issues that need to be addressed to optimize their effectiveness and minimize toxicity. This includes identification of the optimal dose of FQs such as levofloxacin (LVX) and moxifloxacin, and the optimal role of FQs in combination with other anti-tuberculosis drugs, particularly those with overlapping toxicity, such as QT prolongation. While the ability of FQs to penetrate into cavities and granulomas is likely beneficial, suboptimal sensitivity of genotypic tests to detect FQ resistance could negatively affect treatment outcomes of FQ-containing regimens. Several trials are underway to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of FQs as part of combination MDR-TB therapy; there are also two planned studies of LVX to prevent tuberculosis among close contacts of MDR-TB. KEY WORDS: tuberculosis; M. tuberculosis; fluoroquinolone resistance FLUOROQUINOLONES (FQS) HAVE excellent in vitro activity against rapidly dividing Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms. 1 Newer 8-methoxy FQs, such as gatifloxacin (GFX) and moxifloxacin (MFX), have more potent activity than older agents such as ciprofloxacin (CFX) and ofloxacin (OFX), as demonstrated by the lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC; the lowest concentration of drug that prevents visible growth in culture) of the newer agents. 2 7 FQs play a critical role in the successful treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB; defined as resistance to at least isoniazid [INH] and rifampin [RMP]). GFX was a key component of the 9-month Bangladesh regimen, in which 84% of patients had a bacteriologically favorable outcome. 8,9 The risk of treatment failure and relapse was significantly increased among patients with high-level FQ resistance. 9 However, the toxicity profile of GFX includes dysglycemia, and it is no longer commercially available. MFX and levofloxacin (LVX) are also very effective against M. tuberculosis, and more widely available. In an openlabel randomized clinical trial among MDR-TB patients, the 3-month sputum culture conversion and treatment success rates were similar in persons who received MFX or LVX. 10,11 MFX and LVX are both under evaluation in several clinical trials of TB disease and treatment of latent tuberculous infection (Table 1). This includes regimens that could shorten the treatment duration for both MDR-TB and drugsusceptible disease, and prevent TB disease among household contacts of persons with MDR-TB. IMPORTANT ISSUES REGARDING FLUOROQUINOLONES FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS Two methods by which to evaluate the activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs are early bactericidal activity (EBA) and sterilizing activity. 14 EBA is quantified by the rate of decrease in the concentration of tubercle bacilli in the initial days of treatment. Sterilizing activity is the activity against tubercle bacilli that persist despite treatment, and is characterized by achieving negative mycobacterial cultures. FQs have excellent EBA against M. tuberculosis. MFX, the FQ with the most potent activity on a per gram basis against M. tuberculosis, has EBA similar to that of INH. 15,16 However, FQs do not have good sterilizing activity. To reduce treatment duration of either MDR-TB or drug-susceptible disease the FQ needs to be given with other drugs that have good sterilizing activity. This has been demonstrated by three recent Phase III clinical trials of FQs administered in combination with standard drugs for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB); all 4-month regimens were inferior to standard 6-month treatment of DS-TB in preventing the combined endpoint Correspondence to: Timothy R Sterling, A2209 Medical Center North, st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Fax: (þ1) timothy.sterling@vanderbilt.edu Article submitted 9 February Final version accepted 1 July 2016.
2 S43 Table 1 Unpublished, ongoing or planned studies of DS-TB or drug-resistant TB or treatment of latent tuberculous infection that include a fluoroquinolone. Update based on RESIST-TB (Research Excellence to Stop TB Resistance), as of 21 June and Dr M Vjecha (personal communication, June 2016) Title Arms Phase DS-TB or MDR-TB Expected start date or publication date STREAM I* 4MfxCfzZEKmHPth/5MfxCfzZE vs. III MDR-TB Results 2018 standard WHO drug-resistant regimen STREAM II* Phase I plus: III MDR-TB Opened March LvxCfzZEBdqHPth/5LvxCfzZE vs. 6-month regimen with Bdq, and shorter Km NExT-5001 BdqLzdLvxEH H Z for 6 9 months III MDR-TB Results 2019 MAMS-TB-01 HR 35 ZE vs. HR 20 ZMfx 400 vs. HRZE II DS-TB Enrolling ACTG 5307 RMfx 400 ZE vs. RZE vs. HRZE 2-week EBA DS-TB Results 2016 Opti-Q Lvx (11 vs. 14 vs. 17 vs. 20 mg/kg/day) þ II MDR-TB Results 2018 STAND: NC-006/A5344 OBR vs. OBR Drug S: 4Pa 100 MfxZ vs. 4Pa 200 MfxZ vs. 6Pa 200 MfxZ MDR-TB: 6Pa 200 MfxZ Control: 2HRZE/4HR III 1200 DS-TB; 300 MDR-TB. All Mfx dosing 400 mg Trial on hold 13 NexGen EBA 1MfxRHZ 4-week EBA DS-TB Results 2018 TBTC 31/A5349 2HP 1200 ZE/2HP 1200 vs. 2HP 1200 ZMfx/ 2HP 1200 Mfx Control: 2HRZE/4HR III DS-TB Opened January 2016 MDR-END Lvx 750/1000 LzdZD vs. OBR II MDR-TB Opened January 2016 TB-PRACTECAL 2-stage: 6BdqPaMfxLzd vs. 6BdqPaLzdCfz II/III MDR-TB Opened February 2016 vs. 6BdqPaLzd vs. OBR XDR-TB endtb 9BdqLzdMfxZ vs. 9BdqLzdCfzLvxZ vs. III MDR-TB Opening DlmCfzMfxZ vs. OBR V-QUIN Lvx vs. placebo for TB prevention in adult and pediatric household contacts of MDR-TB III Contacts of MDR-TB Opening 2016 TB-CHAMP LVX vs. placebo for TB prevention in pediatric household contacts of MDR-TB III Contacts of MDR-TB Opening 2016 * Mfx dosing based on weight: 400, 600, or 800 mg. DS-TB¼drug-susceptible TB; TB¼tuberculosis; MDR-TB¼multidrug-resistant TB; Mfx¼moxifloxacin; Cfz¼clofazimine; Z¼pyrazinamide; E¼ethambutol; Km¼ kanamycin; H¼isoniazid; Pth¼prothionamide; WHO¼World Health Organization; Lvx¼levofloxacin; Bdq¼bedaquiline; XDR-TB¼extensively drug-resistant TB; Lzd ¼ linezolid; H H high-dose isoniazid; R ¼ rifampin; OBR ¼ optimal background regimen; Pa ¼ Pa-824; Dlm ¼ delamanid. of treatment failure, relapse, and death However, MFX-containing regimens have been associated with higher rates of sputum culture conversion to negative by month 2 than the standard anti-tuberculosis regimen of INH, RMP, pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (EMB). 17,20 Two recent studies of human TB have demonstrated excellent penetration of MFX and LVX into lung cavities, and a good correlation between serum and cavitary drug concentrations. 21,22 In the rabbit model of TB, MFX had excellent penetration into lung cavities and tissue granulomas. 23 High FQ tissue levels could account for their contribution to improved treatment outcomes of MDR-TB, but this has not been specifically evaluated. The toxicity profile of the drugs given in combination with the FQ also needs to be considered, particularly for the treatment of MDR-TB (Table 2). For example, FQs can prolong the QT interval MFX and GFX to perhaps a greater extent than LVX. 24 So, too, can other drugs used to treat MDR- TB, such as bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid (DLM), and clofazimine (CFZ). Any clinical trial of MFX or other FQs for the treatment of MDR-TB should include the other anti-tuberculosis drugs with which the FQ would be given in clinical practice, so that toxicity of the drug combination can be evaluated. Because cardiac events such as torsade de pointes have been rare to date in TB clinical trials, and given that monitoring for such cardiotoxicity (other than QT interval prolongation) can be difficult under field conditions, translational studies should be considered. This might include the use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in cardiac safety pharmacology assays. 25 FQ cross-resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates is frequent. 26 So, although the MFX MIC is lower than the LVX MIC, if there is resistance to CFX, OFX, or LVX, there will usually be resistance to MFX. However, a recent study of MDR-TB isolates found a low level of concordance of phenotypic FQ resistance test results, driven in part by high rates of CFX and OFX resistance in isolates that were intermediate or susceptible to MFX. 27 A recent study noted that some of the discrepancy can be associated with the resistance testing method used, and MICs near the resistance cut-off. 28 FQ resistance in M. tuberculosis is conferred primarily by mutations in the DNA gyrase, particularly at codons 90, 91, and 94 in the A subunit (gyra). Current genotypic tests focus primarily on mutations in these codons. However, a systematic literature
3 S44 The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Table 2 Comparison of the fluoroquinolones in the treatment of tuberculosis Drug Relative activity against M. tuberculosis* Characteristic adverse events Relative cost Comments Ciprofloxacin Low Rash, GI upset Low Widely available, widely used Ofloxacin Low Rash, GI upset Low Gatifloxacin High Dysglycemia Limited availability Levofloxacin High QT prolongation Low Moxifloxacin Highest QT prolongation High Lowest M. tuberculosis MIC; PK/PD has not been evaluated; 400 mg may not be optimal * As determined by MIC. Additional adverse events can occur with all fluoroquinolones, including GI upset, headache, dizziness, insomnia, alterations in mood, rash, arthropathy, tendinitis, tendon rupture, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity. GI ¼ gastrointestinal; PK/PD ¼ pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics; MIC ¼ minimum inhibitory concentration. review found that 45% of FQ-resistant isolates did not have mutations at these codons. 29 This suggests that current genotypic tests may have reduced sensitivity for detecting FQ resistance. A recent Cochrane review found that as the GenoType w MTBDRsl (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany) assay was 83% sensitive, it would not detect ~1 in 5 FQ-resistant TB cases. 30 Heteroresistance is the coexistence of populations with differing nucleotides at a drug resistance locus within a sample of organisms. Heteroresistance in gyra and gyrb occurred in 38% of phenotypically FQ-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates in one recent study. 31 The presence of heteroresistance can make the detection of genotypic resistance difficult, particularly with less-sensitive genotypic tests. AREAS THAT HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED REGARDING FLUOROQUINOLONES FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS The optimal dose of LVX or MFX for the treatment of TB is unknown. There is an ongoing LVX doseranging study for the treatment of MDR-TB (Opti-Q; Tuberculosis Trials Consortium Study 32; NCT ); this study will intensively evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of LVX. I am not aware of ongoing dose-ranging studies of MFX for the treatment of TB, although the STREAM trial is dosing MFX according to the participant s weight: 400 mg (,33 kg), 600 mg (33 50 kg), or 800 mg (.50 kg). A recent PK study in children aged 7 15 years with MDR-TB who received MFX 10 mg/kg/day found low serum concentrations compared to adults receiving 400 mg daily. 32 As mentioned above, the optimal FQ dose may depend at least in part on the companion drugs in the regimen, given the potentially overlapping toxicity (e.g., QT prolongation). Drugs that reduce the absorption of FQs, such as divalent and trivalent cations (e.g., aluminum, magnesium, or calcium-containing antacids), could also affect drug activity and dosing. It is unclear whether the method used to detect FQ resistance prior to the initiation of treatment for MDR-TB affects treatment outcome. For example, it has not been evaluated whether diagnostic tests with low sensitivity for detecting DNA gyrase mutations (or persons infected with a FQ-resistant M. tuberculosis strain that lacks DNA gyrase mutations) are associated with worse treatment outcomes. The ability to detect FQ heteroresistance (which is also related to assay sensitivity), could also affect antituberculosis treatment outcomes. In addition, among M. tuberculosis isolates from MDR-TB patients, different gyra and gyrb mutations confer different levels of resistance to MFX and OFX, and this can affect treatment outcomes For example, mutations at codon 94 in gyra (except D94A) are associated with higher MICs, and worse treatment outcomes. 34 There are limited data on FQs for the prevention of TB among close contacts of MDR-TB. 36,37 Two studies are planned (Table 1). Previous studies have demonstrated poor tolerability of regimens such as an FQ plus PZA, although this may be due in large part to PZA. 38 Other companion drugs, such as EMB, may be better tolerated. 39 Inclusion of any newer drug in studies on MDR-TB prevention (e.g., BDQ) is unlikely because to date there are limited safety data, and safety is a primary objective in the treatment of asymptomatic LTBI. However, the PHOENIx study plans to compare DLM vs. INH in such close contacts. 40 I am not aware of ongoing studies of FQs in combination with other drugs for the prevention of MDR-TB. The optimal FQ dose for the prevention of TB is unknown. POTENTIAL FUTURE STUDIES It is important to determine the optimal combination and dosing of FQs for MDR-TB treatment. In particular, should FQs be given or avoided when other drugs that prolong the QT interval are included in the regimen? How should the key components of MDR-TB treatment be combined? This might include an assessment of regimens that contain or exclude key drugs, such as FQs, BDQ, DLM and injectable agents. But given the improved treatment outcomes when an FQ is included in regimens for the treatment of MDR-TB, 41,42 a trial that excludes FQs may be
4 S45 difficult to design and conduct. One would probably select key drugs to include as the backbone of a MDR-TB regimen, then study them in a trial to optimize their dosing. Potential components of a backbone might include MFX, CFZ, BDQ, DLM, PZA, pretomanid, and/or an injectable agent. One might also want to evaluate regimens with fewer than five drugs (depending on the potency of the drugs used), or regimens that spare certain classes, such as injectable agents. The optimal duration and timing of the FQs and the other drugs need to be evaluated. This may be particularly important given the overlapping toxicities to maximize drug exposure at the most important time during the treatment course, and minimize toxicity. A recent study demonstrated that an MFX derivative, 8-methyl-moxifloxacin, was more potent than MFX against wild-type M. tuberculosis. This derivative also displayed greater activity against DNA gyrase with the A90V and D94G gyra mutations than did MFX against wild-type M. tuberculosis. 43 Such potent FQ derivatives merit further investigation. The optimal regimen for the prevention of TB in close contacts of MDR-TB needs to be evaluated. Questions include the optimal duration, the evaluation of FQs alone vs. in combination with other drugs, and the optimal FQ dose for LTBI treatment. Two trials of LVX include V-QUIN, which will study adults and children in Viet Nam, and TB-CHAMP (by The International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials network), which will study pediatric household contacts in South Africa (Table 1). LTBI treatment has not been associated with an increased risk of drug resistance among persons who subsequently develop TB. 44,45 STUDIES THAT MAY NOT BE WORTH PURSUING It may not be necessary to perform a clinical trial to assess treatment of FQ-resistant TB with regimens that include late-generation FQs, such as MFX, to assess their contribution to activity. MFX does appear to have activity against some OFX-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, but the activity varies according to the underlying mutation in DNA gyrase and the resultant MFX MIC. 46 A recent observational study found that MFX use was associated with earlier culture conversion among persons with OFX-resistant MDR-TB. 47 For a clinical trial, it would be difficult to achieve a sufficient sample size of FQresistant MDR-TB cases with isolates that had a relatively low MFX MIC, and any effect of MFX alone would be very difficult to tease out, as other drugs would also be given in the combination. It also may not be necessary to assess treatment outcome according to the method used to detect FQ resistance (e.g., Xpert w MTB/RIF Ultra, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA; MTBDRsl v2.0, Hain Life- Sciences, Nehren, Germany; or DNA gyrase sequencing). As the sensitivity of these later-generation tests is greater than that of earlier versions (e.g., MTBDRsl v2.0 vs. v1.0), 48,49 the sample size required to demonstrate a difference in treatment outcome would likely be prohibitively large. In addition, it can be difficult to demonstrate an improvement in treatment outcome associated with a more sensitive diagnostic test due to the many factors involved in accurate diagnosis and timely, appropriate treatment. 50 CONCLUSION FQs play an important role in MDR-TB treatment, but there are several key issues that should be addressed to optimize their effectiveness and minimize their toxicity. This includes identification of the optimal dose of FQs such as LVX and MFX, and the optimal role of FQs in combination with other antituberculosis drugs, particularly those with overlapping toxicity, such as QT prolongation. Acknowledgement I would like to thank the editor and the anonymous peer reviewers for their very helpful comments regarding this manuscript. Conflicts of interest: TS has been on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Otsuka for an MDR-TB clinical trial of delamanid. References 1 Garcia-Rodriguez J A, Gomez Garcia A C. In vitro activities of quinolones against mycobacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993; 32: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, nocardiae, and other aerobic actinomycetes: approved Standard. NCCLS Document 2003; M24-A. Wayne, PA, USA: NCCLS, Tomioka H, Sato K, Akaki T, et al. Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activities of the newly synthesized quinolone HSR-903, sitafloxacin (DU-6859a), gatifloxacin (AM-1155), and levofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: Ruiz-Serrano M J, Alcala L, Martinez L, et al. In vitro activities of six fluoroquinolones against 250 clinical isolates of Mycobacerium tuberculosis susceptible or resistant to firstline drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: Rodriguez J C, Ruiz M, Lopez M, Royo G. In vitro activity of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and linezolid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002; 20: Gillespie S H, Billington O. Activity of moxifloxacin against mycobacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44: Tortoli E, Dionisio D, Fabbri C. Evaluation of moxifloxacin activity in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including resistant and multidrug-resistant strains. J Chemother 2004; 16: Van Deun A, Maug A K, Salim M A, et al. Short, highly effective, and inexpensive standardized treatment of multidrugresistant tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:
5 S46 The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 9 Aung K J, Van D A, Declercq E, et al. Successful 9-month Bangladesh regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among over 500 consecutive patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18: Koh W J, Lee S H, Kang Y A, et al. Comparison of levofloxacin versus moxifloxacin for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188: Kang Y A, Shim T S, Koh W J, et al. Choice between levofloxacin and moxifloxacin and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13: RESIST-TB. Research Excellence to Stop TB Resistance. Drugresistant TB Clinical Trials Progress Report. Geneva, Switzerland: Stop TB Partnership. http: // page_id¼1602 Accessed August ClinicalTrials.gov. Shortening treatment by advancing novel drugs. Bethesda, MD, USA: ClinicalTrials.gov, clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term¼standþandþtuberculosis &Search¼Search Accessed August Jindani A, Dore C J, Mitchison D A. Bactericidal and sterilizing activities of antituberculosis drugs during the first 14 days. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: Gosling R D, Uiso L O, Sam N E, et al. The bactericidal activity of moxifloxacin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168: Pletz M W, De Roux A, Roth A, Neumann K H, Mauch H, Lode H. Early bactericidal activity of moxifloxacin in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a prospective, randomized study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: Gillespie S H, Crook A M, McHugh T D, et al. Four-month moxifloxacin-based regimens for drug-sensitive tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: Merle C S, Fielding K, Sow O B, et al. A four-month gatifloxacin-containing regimen for treating tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: Jindani A, Harrison T S, Nunn A J, et al. High-dose rifapentine with moxifloxacin for pulmonary tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: Dawson R, Diacon A H, Everitt D, et al. Efficiency and safety of the combination of moxifloxacin, pretomanid (PA-824), and pyrazinamide during the first 8 weeks of antituberculosis treatment: a phase 2b, open-label, partly randomised trial in patients with drug-susceptible or drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Lancet 2015; 385: Akkerman O W, van A R, Klinkenberg T, et al. Drug concentration in lung tissue in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2013; 42: Kempker R R, Barth A B, Vashakidze S, et al. Cavitary penetration of levofloxacin among patients with multidrugresistant tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59: Kjellsson M C, Via L E, Goh A, et al. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the penetration of antituberculosis agents in rabbit pulmonary lesions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56: Rubinstein E, Camm J. Cardiotoxicity of fluoroquinolones. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 49: Priori S G, Napolitano C, Di P E, Condorelli G. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in studies of inherited arrhythmias. J Clin Invest 2013; 123: Devasia R A, Blackman A, May C, et al. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an assessment of MGIT 960, MODS and nitrate reductase assay and fluoroquinolone cross-resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 63: Farhat M R, Mitnick C D, Franke M F, et al. Concordance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fluoroquinolone resistance testing: implications for treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19: Coeck N, de Jong B C, Diels M, et al. Correlation of different phenotypic drug susceptibility testing methods for four fluoroquinolones in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71: Maruri F, Sterling T R, Kaiga A W, et al. A systematic review of gyrase mutations associated with fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a proposed gyrase numbering system. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67: Theron G, Peter J, Richardson M, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of the GenoType w MTBDRsl assay for the detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 10: CD Eilertson B, Maruri F, Blackman A, Herrera M, Samuels D C, Sterling T R. High proportion of heteroresistance in gyra and gyrb in fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58: Thee S, Garcia-Prats A J, Draper H R, et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of moxifloxacin in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60: Farhat M R, Jacobson K R, Franke M F, et al. Gyrase mutations are associated with variable levels of fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54: Rigouts L, Coeck N, Gumusboga M et al. Specific gyra gene mutations predict poor treatment outcome in MDR-TB. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71: Chien J Y, Chiu W Y, Chien S T, Chiang C J, Yu C J, Hsueh P R. Mutations in gyra and gyrb among fluoroquinolone- and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60: Bamrah S, Brostrom R, Dorina F, et al. Treatment for LTBI in contacts of MDR-TB patients, Federated States of Micronesia, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18: Mase S R, Jereb J A, Gonzalez D, et al. Pharmacokinetics and dosing of levofloxacin in children treated for active or latent multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, Federated States of Micronesia and Republic of the Marshall Islands. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2016; 35: Adler-Shohet F C, Low J, Carson M, Girma H, Singh J. Management of latent tuberculosis infection in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33: Seddon J A, Hesseling A C, Finlayson H, et al. Preventive therapy for child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57: AIDS Clinical Trials Group, International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials, PHOENIx MDR-TB A5300B/ P2003B. Bethesda, MD, USA: ACTG, actgnetwork.org/newsletter/oct2015/phoenix Accessed August Yew W W, Chan C K, Chau C H, et al. Outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treated with ofloxacin/levofloxacin-containing regimens. Chest 2000; 117: Yew W W, Chan C K, Leung C C, et al. Comparative roles of levofloxacin and ofloxacin in the treatment of multidrugresistant tuberculosis: preliminary results of a retrospective study from Hong Kong. Chest 2003; 124: Aldred K J, Blower T R, Kerns R J, Berger J M, Osheroff N. Fluoroquinolone interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase: enhancing drug activity against wild-type and resistant gyrase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2016; 113: E839 E Balcells M E, Thomas S L, Godfrey-Faussett P, Grant A D. Isoniazid preventive therapy and risk for resistant tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12: van Halsema C L, Fielding K L, Chihota V N, et al. Tuberculosis outcomes and drug susceptibility in individuals
6 S47 exposed to isoniazid preventive therapy in a high HIV prevalence setting. AIDS 2010; 24: Fillion A, Aubry A, Brossier F, Chauffour A, Jarlier V, Veziris N. Impact of fluoroquinolone resistance on bactericidal and sterilizing activity of a moxifloxacin-containing regimen in murine tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57: Chien J Y, Chien S T, Chiu W Y, Yu C J, Hsueh P R. Moxifloxacin improves treatment outcomes in patients with ofloxacin-resistant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60: Tagliani E, Cabibbe A M, Miotto P, et al. Diagnostic performance of the new version (v2.0) of GenoType MTBDRsl assay for detection of resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs: a multicenter study. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53: Brossier F, Guindo D, Pham A, et al. Performance of the new version (v2.0) of the GenoType MTBDRsl test for detection of resistance to second-line drugs in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54: Churchyard G J, Stevens W S, Mametja L D, et al. Xpert MTB/ RIF versus sputum microscopy as the initial diagnostic test for tuberculosis: a cluster-randomised trial embedded in South African roll-out of Xpert MTB/RIF. Lancet Glob Health 2015; 3: e450 e457.
7 i Les fluoroquinolones (FQ) jouent un rôle important dans le traitement de la tuberculose multirésistante (TB- MDR), mais il reste plusieurs questions à examiner afin d optimiser leur efficacité et de minimiser leur toxicité. Ces questions comprennent l identification de la dose optimale des FQ comme la lévofloxacine (LVX) et la moxifloxacine ainsi que le rôle optimal des FQ en combinaison avec d autres médicaments antituberculeux, particulièrement ceux qui ont une toxicité commune, comme l allongement de QT. Si la RESUME capacité des FQ à pénétrer dans les cavernes et les granulomes est probablement bénéfique, la sensibilité sousoptimale des tests génotypiques à détecter la résistance aux FQ pourrait affecter négativement le résultat du traitement par des protocoles contenant de la FQ. Plusieurs essais sont en cours afin d évaluer la sécurité et l efficacité des FQ sous forme de traitement combiné de la TB-MDR ; il y a également deux études planifiées de la LVX dans la prévention de la TB parmi les contacts rapprochés de TB-MDR. Las fluoroquinolonas (FQs) cumplen una función primordial en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis multirresistente (TB-MDR), pero es importante abordar determinados aspectos con el fin de optimizar su eficacia y aminorar su toxicidad. Estos aspectos incluyen la determinación de la dosis óptima de FQ como la levofloxacina (LVX) y la moxifloxacina (MFX) y la función central de las FQ en asociación con otros medicamentos antituberculosos, sobre todo con los cuales existe una superposición de la toxicidad, como la prolongación del segmento QT. Aunque la capacidad de las FQ para penetrar en las cavernas y los granulomas RESUMEN puede ser útil, la escasa sensibilidad de las pruebas genotípicas de resistencia a estos medicamentos podría producir un efecto negativo en los desenlaces terapéuticos de los esquemas que los contienen. En la actualidad, están en curso varios ensayos clínicos destinados a evaluar la seguridad toxicológica y la eficacia de las FQ como parte de una polifarmacoterapia contra la TB-MDR; se han planeado además dos nuevos estudios sobre la utilización de la LVX en la prevención de la TB de los contactos directos de pacientes con TB- MDR.
Drug-resistant TB therapy: the future is now
Drug-resistant TB therapy: the future is now Gary Maartens Thanks to Francesca Conradie for sharing slides Division of Clinical Pharmacology UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN IYUNIVESITHI YASEKAPA UNIVERSITEIT VAN
More informationTreatment of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) 2006 2008 2011 2013 2014 2016 2019 Charles L. Daley, MD National Jewish Health University of Colorado Disclosures Research grant Insmed: Phase II
More informationTB New Drugs, Shorter Courses
TB New Drugs, Shorter Courses Brian Chong John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle NSW Talk supervisor: Chris Coulter Disclosures Unfortunately none 1 Current Situation In 2013, Australia had: 1,263 notified TB
More informationClinical Management : DR-TB
Clinical Management : DR-TB Charoen Chuchottaworn MD., Senior Medical Advisor, Central Chest Institute of Thailand, Department of Medical Services, MoPH. Tuberculosis Classification Drug susceptible TB
More informationTreatment of MDR/XDR-TB. Short course chemotherapy for MDR-TB: practical issues. CHIANG Chen-Yuan MD, MPH, DrPhilos
Treatment of MDR/XDR-TB Short course chemotherapy for MDR-TB: practical issues CHIANG Chen-Yuan MD, MPH, DrPhilos Treatment strategies for MDR-TB Standardized treatment: drug resistance survey data from
More informationMDR treatment. Shanghai, May 2012 Arnaud Trébucq The Union
MDR treatment Shanghai, May 2012 Arnaud Trébucq The Union Why to diagnose MDR-TB? Outcome of SS+ new MDR-TB cases, treated with First Line TB (FLD) drugs Setting Success Died Fail LFFU Transf. Corea 20(56)
More informationNew drugs and regimens for treatment of drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) Patrick
New drugs and regimens for treatment of drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) Patrick Phillips Patrick.Phillips@ucsf.edu @PPJPhillips Outline Overview of regimen development strategies 1-3 year horizon: Ongoing phase
More informationChallenges to treat MDR TB
Challenges to treat MDR TB Manfred Danilovits Tartu University Hospital, Estonian NTP Program 2nd European Advanced Course in Clinical Tuberculosis 22-24 September 2014, Amsterdam MDR-TB control; WHO Europe,
More informationMultidrug-resistant Tuberculosis. Charles L. Daley, MD National Jewish Health Chair, Global GLC, WHO and Stop TB Partnership
Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Charles L. Daley, MD National Jewish Health Chair, Global GLC, WHO and Stop TB Partnership Disclosures World Health Organization Chair, Global GLC Otsuka Chair, Data Monitoring
More informationMulti-Drug and Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
Multi-Drug and Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Gwen A. Huitt, M.D., M.S. Professor, Department of Medicine Director, Adult Infectious Disease Care Unit National Jewish Health Disclosures None Tuberculosis
More informationMDR-TB is a manmade problem..it is costly, deadly, debilitating, and the biggest threat to our current TB control strategies 2
1 MDR-TB is a manmade problem..it is costly, deadly, debilitating, and the biggest threat to our current TB control strategies 2 1 India has the highest TB burden in the world 3 4 2 5 M. tuberculosis Resistance
More informationMDR-TB drugs per WHO guidelines
New antituberculous agents for drug-resistant resistant TB Symposium Belgian Society of Infectiology and Clinical Microbiology November 9 Jens Van Roey, MD - Tibotec Definitions MDR-TB multidrug resistance
More informationManagement of MDR and XDR TB Prof. Martin Boeree
Management of MDR and XDR TB 1, MD, PhD Associate Professor Consultant Respiratory Medicine Department of Lung Diseases Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre TB Referral Hospital Dekkerswald Nijmegen,
More informationMDR/XDR TB. Barbara Seaworth, MD, FIDSA, FACP October 27, TB Intensive October 24 27, 2017 San Antonio, TX
MDR/XDR TB Barbara Seaworth, MD, FIDSA, FACP October 27, 2017 TB Intensive October 24 27, 2017 San Antonio, TX EXCELLENCE EXPERTISE INNOVATION Barbara Seaworth, MD, FIDSA, FACP, has the following disclosures
More informationStrategies for Successful Treatment of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in the U.S.
Strategies for Successful Treatment of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in the U.S. Barbara J. Seaworth, M.D. Professor of Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler Medical Director, Heartland
More informationSummary of outcomes from WHO Expert Group Meeting on Drug Susceptibility Testing - PRELIMINARY -
Summary of outcomes from WHO Expert Group Meeting on Drug Susceptibility Testing PRELIMINARY 4 th Annual GLI meeting 17 April 2012 Fuad Mirzayev Laboratories, Diagnostics and Drug Resistance unit, Stop
More informationDrug resistant TB: The role of the laboratory
Drug resistant TB: The role of the laboratory 26 Oct 2012 Andrew Whitelaw NHSLS / UCT TB lab functions: Outline Resistance testing Genotypic Phenotypic Which tests are done when, and why Reporting of
More informationEffects of Moxifloxacin PK-PD and drug interactions on its use in the Treatment of Tuberculosis(TB)
Effects of Moxifloxacin PK-PD and drug interactions on its use in the Treatment of Tuberculosis(TB) Session: Fanning the Flames of HIV and TB Cointeraction SA AIDS Conference-Durban ICC 13-15 June 2017
More informationTreatment for NTM: when how.and what next? Pr Claire Andréjak Respiratory and ICU Department University hospital, Amiens, France
Treatment for NTM: when how.and what next? Pr Claire Andréjak Respiratory and ICU Department University hospital, Amiens, France First step = To diagnose NTM disease One NTM positive sample NTM disease
More informationTB Intensive Houston, Texas October 15-17, 2013
TB Intensive Houston, Texas October 15-17, 2013 MDR/XDR TB Barbara J. Seaworth, MD October 16, 2013 Barbara J. Seaworth, MD has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant financial
More informationUniversity of Groningen. Tuberculosis and its sequelae Akkerman, Onno
University of Groningen Tuberculosis and its sequelae Akkerman, Onno IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document
More informationTHE NEW DR-TB NATIONAL POLICY AND STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION
1 THE NEW DR-TB NATIONAL POLICY AND STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION Dr. Norbert Ndjeka MD, DHSM (Wits), MMed(Fam Med) (MED), Dip HIV Man (SA) Director Drug-Resistant TB, TB and HIV National Department of Health
More informationTB Grand Rounds. MDR-TB: Management of Adverse Drug Reactions. Reynard J. McDonald, M.D. September 18, Patient History
TB Grand Rounds MDR-TB: Management of Adverse Drug Reactions Reynard J. McDonald, M.D. September 18, 2007 Patient History This 30 y/o H/M was born in Ecuador and immigrated to the US in 2001 On 11-22-05
More informationIn Vitro Activities of Linezolid against Clinical Isolates of ACCEPTED
AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on April 00 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:./aac.001-0 Copyright 00, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights
More informationTB Intensive San Antonio, Texas
TB Intensive San Antonio, Texas April 6-8, 2011 Drug Resistant TB Barbara Seaworth, MD Thursday April 7, 2011 Barbara Seaworth, MD has the following disclosures to make: Has received research funding from
More informationMDR TB AND CASE STUDIES
MDR TB AND CASE STUDIES Chris Keh, MD Director, TB Prevention and Control Program, SFDPH HS Assistant Clinical Professor, Infectious Diseases, UCSF Seattle, CITC Clinical Intensive June 15, 2018 Slide
More informationTB Intensive San Antonio, Texas
TB Intensive San Antonio, Texas May 6 9, 2014 MDR/XDR TB Barbara Seaworth, MD May 9, 2014 Barbara Seaworth, MD has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant financial relationships
More informationTB Intensive Houston, Texas. Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) TB Barbara Seaworth, MD
TB Intensive Houston, Texas November 10-12, 12 2009 Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) TB Barbara Seaworth, MD November 12, 2009 Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) TB Updates November 12, 2009 Barbara J. Seaworth Professor
More informationMultidrug resistant tuberculosis. Where next? Professor Peter D O Davies (Liverpool)
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Where next? Professor Peter D O Davies (Liverpool) DOTS + and LTBI New drugs for TB and the challenge of resistance talk plan 1. Epidemiology 2. Treatment 3. The MDRTB
More informationTreatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections (NTM)
Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections (NTM) Charles L. Daley, MD National Jewish Health University of Colorado, Denver Disclosures Investigator Insmed (inhaled liposomal amikacin) Advisory
More informationTRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE
The legally binding text is the original French version TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE Opinion 29 October 2014 GRANUPAS, gastro-resistant granules 30 sachets with a calibrated measuring spoon (CIP: 34009 278 801
More informationOnline data supplement
Online data supplement Title: Fluoroquinolone therapy for the prevention of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in contacts: a cost-effectiveness analysis Authors: Gregory J Fox Olivia Oxlade Dick Menzies
More informationTreatment of Drug Resistant TB
Treatment of Drug Resistant TB Diana M. Nilsen RN, MD Bureau of TB Control New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene Objectives Definition of other drug resistant (ODR), multiple drug resistant
More informationETX2514SUL (sulbactam/etx2514) for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections
ETX2514SUL (sulbactam/etx2514) for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections Robin Isaacs Chief Medical Officer, Entasis Therapeutics Dr. Isaacs is a full-time employee of Entasis Therapeutics.
More informationThe pharmacological and microbiological basis of PK/PD : why did we need to invent PK/PD in the first place? Paul M. Tulkens
The pharmacological and microbiological basis of PK/PD : why did we need to invent PK/PD in the first place? Paul M. Tulkens Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Unit Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels,
More informationDR-TB PATIENT IDENTITY CARD
Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme DR-TB 02 DR-TB Treatment Unit: DR-TB PATIENT IDENTITY CARD DR-TB Reg. Number: Date of registration:
More informationPractical. Walk through New Survival Guide
Many faces of TB: Drug resistant it ttbs Survival lgid Guide v3 P B L Ch G Sh t L T P. Barry, L. Chen, G. Schecter, L. True Curry International TB Center/CTCA April 20, 2016 Real case Practical Walk through
More informationORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. Increasing Outpatient Fluoroquinolone Exposure Before Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Impact on Culture-Negative Disease
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Increasing Outpatient Fluoroquinolone Exposure Before Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Impact on Culture-Negative Disease Pinky D. Gaba, MD; Connie Haley, MD, MPH; Marie R. Griffin, MD,
More informationIntroduction of Bedaquiline in the Philippines
Introduction of Bedaquiline in the Philippines 24th PhilCAT Annual Convention Crown Plaza Hotel August 18,2107 Vivian S. Lofranco, MD., PHSAE National Clinical Coordinator, BDQ MDR-TB is highly contagious
More informationReceived 19 November 2008; returned 10 January 2009; revised 20 February 2009; accepted 24 February
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2009) 63, 1173 1178 doi:10.1093/jac/dkp096 Advance Access publication 28 March 2009 Fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an assessment of MGIT
More informationMultidrug resistant Tuberculosis
Multidrug resistant Tuberculosis Pennan Barry, MD, MPH California MDR TB Consult Service Surveillance and Epidemiology Section Curry International Tuberculosis Center Clinical Intensive October 018 Objectives
More informationNon-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease Diagnosis and Management Jakko van Ingen, MD, PhD
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) 1 Radbound University Nihmegen Medical Center Milestones in NTM research 1980s: Nodular bronchiectatic lung disease Lady Windermere syndrome 1882-1890
More informationThe New England Journal of Medicine THE TREATMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN TURKEY
THE TREATMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN TURKEY KEMAL TAHAOĞLU, M.D., TÜLAY TÖRÜN, M.D., TÜLIN SEVIM, M.D., GÜLIZ ATAÇ, M.D., ALTAN KIR, M.D., LEVENT KARASULU, M.D., IPEK ÖZMEN, M.D., AND NILÜFER
More informationSignificant difference in drug susceptibility distribution between Mycobacterium avium
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 1 October 2014 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/jcm.02127-14 Copyright 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 1 2 Significant difference
More informationLinezolid: an effective, safe and cheap drug for patients failing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in India
Eur Respir J 2012; 39: 956 962 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00076811 CopyrightßERS 2012 Linezolid: an effective, safe and cheap drug for patients failing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in India R.
More informationSterilizing Activities of Fluoroquinolones against Rifampin-Tolerant Populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Feb. 2003, p. 653 657 Vol. 47, No. 2 0066-4804/03/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.2.653 657.2003 Copyright 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationThe role of moxifloxacin in tuberculosis therapy
CLINICAL YEAR IN REVIEW TUBERCULOSIS The role of moxifloxacin in tuberculosis therapy Stephen H. Gillespie Affiliation: School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK. Correspondence: Stephen
More informationAntimicrobial Pharmacodynamics
Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics November 28, 2007 George P. Allen, Pharm.D. Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice OSU College of Pharmacy at OHSU Objectives Become familiar with PD parameters what they
More informationXDR TB: The Laboratory s Dilemma vs The Clinician s Dilemma
XD TB: The Laboratory s Dilemma vs The Clinician s Dilemma Barbara J. Seaworth, MD, FIDSA, FACP, Heartland National TB Center, San Antonio, TX Kenneth Jost, Jr., M(ASCP) Laboratory Services Section, Texas
More informationNew antituberculosis drugs and regimens
New antituberculosis drugs: from clinical trial to programmatic use Gina Gualano, 1 Susanna Capone, 2 Alberto Matteelli, 2 Fabrizio Palmieri 1 1 Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute
More informationMultidrug-resistant Tuberculosis
Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Pennan Barry, MD, MPH California MDR TB Consult Service Surveillance and Epidemiology Section Curry International Tuberculosis Center Clinical Intensive September 2016
More informationCOMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines and Inspections EMEA/CVMP/627/01-FINAL COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS GUIDELINE FOR THE DEMONSTRATION OF EFFICACY
More informationAntibacterial Resistance: Research Efforts. Henry F. Chambers, MD Professor of Medicine University of California San Francisco
Antibacterial Resistance: Research Efforts Henry F. Chambers, MD Professor of Medicine University of California San Francisco Resistance Resistance Dose-Response Curve Antibiotic Exposure Anti-Resistance
More informationCipro and the aorta Fluoroquinolone attack? Bulat A. Ziganshin, MD, PhD and John A. Elefteriades, MD, PhD (hon)
Cipro and the aorta Fluoroquinolone attack? Bulat A. Ziganshin, MD, PhD and John A. Elefteriades, MD, PhD (hon) Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut,
More informationDrug Resistant Tuberculosis:
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: Pearls and other Considerations John W. Wilson, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis
More informationTyphoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments
Typhoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments Isabela Ribeiro, Manica Balasegaram, Christopher Parry October 2017 Enteric infections Enteric infections vary in symptoms and
More informationCase 1 and Case 2. Case 1 3/23/2016
Case 1 and Deidra D. Parrish, MD, MPH&TM Nashville Metro Public Health Dept TB Symposium March 30, 2016 Case 1 27 yo Indian woman came to the US to join her husband three months prior to clinic visit.
More informationCLINICAL USE OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND FLUOROQUINOLONES THE AMINOGLYCOSIDES:
CLINICAL USE OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND FLUOROQUINOLONES Douglas Black, Pharm.D. Associate Professor School of Pharmacy University of Washington dblack@u.washington.edu THE AMINOGLYCOSIDES: 1944-1975 Drug
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF PK/PD OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS
HTIDE CONFERENCE 2018 OPTIMIZATION OF PK/PD OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS FEDERICO PEA INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF UDINE, ITALY SANTA
More informationPK/PD to fight resistance
PK/PD to fight resistance Eradicate Abnormal bacteria Mutations Efflux pumps Mutation-Preventing Concentration Breakpoint values for T > MIC and in practice With the support of Wallonie-Bruxelles-International
More informationCurrent Status of Fluoroquinolone Use for Treatment of Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Korea
ORIGINAL ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2017.80.2.143 ISSN: 1738-3536(Print)/2005-6184(Online) Tuberc Respir Dis 2017;80:143-152 Current Status of Fluoroquinolone Use for Treatment of Tuberculosis
More informationAppropriate antimicrobial therapy in HAP: What does this mean?
Appropriate antimicrobial therapy in HAP: What does this mean? Jaehee Lee, M.D. Kyungpook National University Hospital, Korea KNUH since 1907 Presentation outline Empiric antimicrobial choice: right spectrum,
More informationExtensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Korea: Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes among Patients at a Tertiary Referral Hospital
MAJOR ARTICLE Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Korea: Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes among Patients at a Tertiary Referral Hospital Christie Y. Jeon, 1,2,a Soo Hee Hwang, 5,a Jin Hong
More informationInappropriate Use of Antibiotics and Clostridium difficile Infection. Jocelyn Srigley, MD, FRCPC November 1, 2012
Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics and Clostridium difficile Infection Jocelyn Srigley, MD, FRCPC November 1, 2012 Financial Disclosures } No conflicts of interest } The study was supported by a Hamilton
More informationCDC s Molecular Detection of Drug Resistance (MDDR) Service and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DST Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP)
CDC s Molecular Detection of Drug Resistance (MDDR) Service and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DST Model Performance Evaluation Program (MPEP) Beverly Metchock, DrPH, D(ABMM) Mycobacteriology Laboratory Branch/Division
More informationChoosing the Ideal Antibiotic Therapy and the Role of the Newer Fluoroquinolones in Respiratory Tract Infections
...CLINICIAN INTERVIEW... Choosing the Ideal Antibiotic Therapy and the Role of the Newer Fluoroquinolones in Respiratory Tract Infections An interview with Robert C. Owens, Jr., PharmD, Clinical Pharmacy
More informationMDR Acinetobacter baumannii. Has the post antibiotic era arrived? Dr. Michael A. Borg Infection Control Dept Mater Dei Hospital Malta
MDR Acinetobacter baumannii Has the post antibiotic era arrived? Dr. Michael A. Borg Infection Control Dept Mater Dei Hospital Malta 1 The Armageddon recipe Transmissible organism with prolonged environmental
More informationSection 6.2.4: Antituberculosis Medicines Application for moving streptomycin to complementary list
Section 6.2.4: Antituberculosis Medicines Application for moving streptomycin to complementary list Stop TB Department World Health Organization Summary According to the recent guideline published in 2010
More informationAntibiotics & treatment of Acute Bcterial Sinusitis. Walid Reda Product Manager. Do your antimicrobial options meet your needs?
Antibiotics & treatment of Acute Bcterial Sinusitis Walid Reda Product Manager Do your antimicrobial options meet your needs? Antimicrobial Effects: What s involved? Effect in Humans: Serum concentration
More informationDETERMINING CORRECT DOSING REGIMENS OF ANTIBIOTICS BASED ON THE THEIR BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY*
44 DETERMINING CORRECT DOSING REGIMENS OF ANTIBIOTICS BASED ON THE THEIR BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY* AUTHOR: Cecilia C. Maramba-Lazarte, MD, MScID University of the Philippines College of Medicine-Philippine
More informationACUTE EXACERBATIONS of COPD (AE-COPD) : The Belgian perspective
ACUTE EXACERBATIONS of COPD (AE-COPD) : The Belgian perspective Antwerpen 8 november 2002 Yvan Valcke MD PhD AZ Maria Middelares Sint-Niklaas ACUTE EXACERBATIONS of COPD (AE-COPD) Treatment of AECB Role
More informationPlease distribute a copy of this information to each provider in your organization.
HEALTH ADVISORY TO: Physicians and other Healthcare Providers Please distribute a copy of this information to each provider in your organization. Questions regarding this information may be directed to
More informationCLINICAL USE OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND FLUOROQUINOLONES
CLINICAL USE OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND FLUOROQUINOLONES Douglas Black, Pharm.D. Associate Professor School of Pharmacy University of Washington dblack@u.washington.edu THE AMINOGLYCOSIDES: 1944-1975 Drug
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Metrobactin 500 mg tablets for dogs and cats (AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, EL, ES, FR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI,
More informationGUIDE TO INFECTION CONTROL IN THE HOSPITAL. Antibiotic Resistance
GUIDE TO INFECTION CONTROL IN THE HOSPITAL CHAPTER 4: Antibiotic Resistance Author M.P. Stevens, MD, MPH S. Mehtar, MD R.P. Wenzel, MD, MSc Chapter Editor Michelle Doll, MD, MPH Topic Outline Key Issues
More informationIntroduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Introduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Diane M. Cappelletty, Pharm.D. Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice Wayne State University August, 2001 Vocabulary Clearance Renal elimination:
More informationPeriod of study: 12 Nov 2002 to 08 Apr 2004 (first subject s first visit to last subject s last visit)
Study Synopsis This file is posted on the Bayer HealthCare Clinical Trials Registry and Results website and is provided for patients and healthcare professionals to increase the transparency of Bayer's
More informationTreatment Duration for Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Evidence in Support of 5 Days
Treatment Duration for Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Evidence in Support of 5 Days Executive Summary National consensus guidelines created jointly by the Infectious Diseases Society of
More informationLong-term moxifloxacin in complicated tuberculosis patients with adverse reactions or resistance to first line drugs
Respiratory Medicine (2006) 100, 1566 1572 Long-term moxifloxacin in complicated tuberculosis patients with adverse reactions or resistance to first line drugs Luigi Ruffo Codecasa a,,1, Giovanni Ferrara
More informationRisk Factors for Poor Outcomes in Patients with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in South Korea
Hanyang Med Rev 2016;36:262-268 https://doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2016.36.4.262 pissn 1738-429X eissn 2234-4446 Original Article Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes in Patients with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
More informationDisclosures. Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy. Obtaining an Accurate Diagnosis Obtain specimens PRIOR to initiating antimicrobials
Disclosures Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy None Lori A. Cox MSN, ACNP-BC, ACNPC, FCCM Penn State Hershey Medical Center Neuroscience Critical Care Unit Obtaining an Accurate Diagnosis Determine site
More informationNewer Fluoroquinolones for the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Newer Fluoroquinolones for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Wing Wai Yew, MBBS, FRCP The Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest and Heart Diseases Association Hong Kong, China The newer fluoroquinolones levofloxacin,
More informationTreatment of Slowly Growing NTM Infections
Treatment of Slowly Growing NTM Infections Charles L. Daley, MD National Jewish Health University of Colorado, Denver Disclosures Investigator Insmed (inhaled liposomal amikacin) Advisory Committee Insmed
More informationNewsflash: Hospital Medicine JOHN C. CHRISTENSEN, MD FACP AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, UTAH CHAPTER SCIENTIFIC MEETING FEBRUARY 10, 2017
Newsflash: Hospital Medicine JOHN C. CHRISTENSEN, MD FACP AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, UTAH CHAPTER SCIENTIFIC MEETING FEBRUARY 10, 2017 Newsflash: Fluoroquinolones Newsflash: Fluoroquinolones Don t
More informationCME/CE QUIZ CME/CE QUESTIONS. a) 20% b) 22% c) 34% d) 35% b) Susceptible and resistant strains of typical respiratory
CME/CE QUIZ CME/CE QUESTIONS Continuing Medical Education Accreditation This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for
More informationPharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-based optimization of levofloxacin administration in the treatment of MDR-TB
J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71: 2691 2703 doi:10.1093/jac/dkw164 Advance Access publication 26 May 2016 Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-based optimization of levofloxacin administration in the treatment
More informationEvaluating the Role of MRSA Nasal Swabs
Evaluating the Role of MRSA Nasal Swabs Josh Arnold, PharmD PGY1 Pharmacy Resident Pharmacy Grand Rounds February 28, 2017 2016 MFMER slide-1 Objectives Identify the pathophysiology of MRSA nasal colonization
More informationAAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 13 October 2008 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi: /aac
AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 13 October 2008 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/aac.01023-08 Copyright 2008, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions.
More informationSummary of unmet need guidance and statistical challenges
Summary of unmet need guidance and statistical challenges Daniel B. Rubin, PhD Statistical Reviewer Division of Biometrics IV Office of Biostatistics, CDER, FDA 1 Disclaimer This presentation reflects
More informationAZITHROMYCIN, DOXYCYCLINE, AND FLUOROQUINOLONES
AZITHROMYCIN, DOXYCYCLINE, AND FLUOROQUINOLONES Update in Medicine and Primary Care Whitney R. Buckel, PharmD, BCPS-AQ ID System Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacist Manager OBJECTIVES 1. List three antibiotics
More informationAntibiotic treatment in the ICU 1. ICU Fellowship Training Radboudumc
Antibiotic treatment in the ICU 1 ICU Fellowship Training Radboudumc Main issues Delayed identification of microorganisms Impact of critical illness on Pk/Pd High prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains
More informationProphylactic antibiotic timing and dosage. Dr. Sanjeev Singh AIMS, Kochi
Prophylactic antibiotic timing and dosage Dr. Sanjeev Singh AIMS, Kochi Meaning - Webster Medical Definition of prophylaxis plural pro phy lax es \-ˈlak-ˌsēz\play : measures designed to preserve health
More informationMicrobiology : antimicrobial drugs. Sheet 11. Ali abualhija
Microbiology : antimicrobial drugs Sheet 11 Ali abualhija return to our topic antimicrobial drugs, we have finished major group of antimicrobial drugs which associated with inhibition of protein synthesis
More informationDrug resistant TB: Lisa Chen, MD University of California, San Francisco Curry Interna:onal TB Center Sea=le, June 2016
Drug resistant TB: Lisa Chen, MD University of California, San Francisco Curry Interna:onal TB Center Sea=le, June 2016 Drug- Resistant TB: De1initions Mono- resistant: Resistance to a single drug Poly-
More informationFluoroquinolones in 2007: the Angels, the Devils, and What Should the Clinician Do?
Fluoroquinolones in 2007: the Angels, the Devils, and What Should the Clinician Do? David C. Hooper, M.D. Division of Infectious Diseases Infection Control Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical
More informationThe International Collaborative Conference in Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
The International Collaborative Conference in Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases PLUS: Antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals: Improving outcomes through better education and implementation of
More informationfolate-derived cofactors purines pyrimidines Sulfonamides sulfa drugs Trimethoprim infecting bacterium to perform DNA synthesis cotrimoxazole
Folate Antagonists Enzymes requiring folate-derived cofactors are essential for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines (precursors of RNA and DNA) and other compounds necessary for cellular growth and
More informationTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is preventable, treatable
original article Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Treatment and outcomes of 93 patients Sarah K Brode MD FRCPC 1,2, Robert Varadi MDCM FRCPC 1,2, Jane McNamee RN(EC) 1, Nina Malek 1, Sharon Stewart MSW
More informationReceived 6 July 2003/Returned for modification 22 August 2003/Accepted 27 October 2003
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Feb. 2004, p. 596 601 Vol. 48, No. 2 0066-4804/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.2.596 601.2004 Copyright 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationMARBOCYL 10% SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
MARBOCYL 10% SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT MARBOCYL 10%, solution for injection for cattle and swine 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Marbofloxacin...100.0
More information