STUDY GUIDE FOR MARKET GOAT BRONZE LEVEL 1 TEST

Transcription

1 STUDY GUIDE FOR MARKET GOAT BRONZE LEVEL 1 TEST Characteristics of a meat goat: Wide chest, straight back, strong legs, rectangular appearance Common Diseases: Pinkeye, diarrhea, enterotoxaemia, white muscle, tetnus, pneumonia Parasites: Worms, lice ticks, mange, coccidiosis What are items in your tack/show box for showing meat goats? Normal temperature of a goat: The three most common breeds of meat goats are: Boer, Tennessee fainting goat and Kiko Correct color characteristics of a BOER Goat? Red head and white body Know the weight limit for a market goat for the Kern County Fair: lbs What is the ideal weight gain for a market goat per week? 3 lbs Know the parts of a goat Common 4-H Knowledge

2 The three true breeds of meat goats are: Boer, Kikos, & Tennessee Fainting Goats SILVER LEVEL TEST 2 BOER: Boer goats are large framed animals resembling, in many ways, the Nubian goat. The most striking difference between a BOER goat and other meat goats is its size. A Boer is a large, double muscled animal developed in South Africa specifically for meat and hardiness. They can consistently more muscling in less time than any other breed of goat, and will pass this capability to their kids. In April of 1993 the Boer goat was released into the United States. Their coat is straight, short & glossy. KIKO: The Kiko goat is a recent development of a New Zealand company called GOATEX GROUP LLC These hardy goats were developed as a result of a government funded project to get the native goat population in New Zealand under control. As part of this project, in the 1970 s, many goats were hunted and killed and thousands more were captured to cross with angoras. The Kiko s hair may vary from short, slick and lustrous to moderately profuse hair. TENNESSEE FAINTING GOAT: The Tennessee fainting goat has been traced back to Marshall County, Tennessee in the 1880 s. The story is, that a man named Tinsley drifted into town bringing in a few goats. When he left, he sold his goats to a man named R. Goode, who was fascinated by these unusual goats. Since then the Tennessee fainting goat has been used mainly for meat, bust also to protect sheep. The Tennessee Fainting Goat is also called a nervous goat or a stiff legged goat. Its hair is wavy and medium length. Describe how to trim hooves The most common wormer used for goats is IVOMEC Hooves should be trimmed every 4-12 weeks depending on the animal and if you have rocks or concrete on your property. Rocks and cement help keep the hooves trimmed down. What is the 4-H emblem? If your goat gets a minor cut, you should you clean it with Hydrogen Peroxide. Goat meat is also known as what? Chevon Know how much feed you should be feeding a market goat per day for the Kern County Fair. What is sore mouth and can goats get it? Yes The gestation period for a meat goat is 145 to 155 days. Identify parts of a goat Know how to trim a market goat for show.

3 Market Goat Showmanship

4 Parts of a Market Goat

5 Ideal Market Goat

6 Cuts of a Market Goat

7 Breeds of Market Goats Boer Spanish Boer Tennessee Fainting Goat Boer Kiko Tennessee Fainting Goat Pygmy

8 Showmanship Terms/Questions Kid: a baby goat Doe: an adult female goat Buck: an adult male goat Dam: the mother of a goat Sire: the father of the goat Wether: a castrated male goat 1. What does ABGA stand for? a. American Boer Goat Association 2. What is the ideal age for a market goat to be shown? a. 7 to 10 months 3. What is the feed conversion ratio for goats? a. 5 lbs. feed/1 lb. gain 4. What is the average daily weight gain of a market goat? a lbs. 5. What is the approximate percent crude protein that goats should be fed? a % 6. What is the most common concentrate in goat rations? a. Corn 7. What does oat hay do to change your goat? a. It gives more spring of rib 8. What is the normal temperature of a goat? a F F 9. The gestation period for a goat is? a. 5 months or 105 days 10. How many stomachs does a goat have? Name them. a. 4: Rumen, Omasum, Abomasum, and Reticulum 11. Name a disease goats may get. a. Acdosis, Enterotoximia, Coccidiosis, Pink eye, Hoof rot 12. Name a parasite that may affect goats. a. Ticks, Lice, Horn Flies, Intestinal Worms, mites 13. What is the official USDA identification for goats that are untattooed and unregistered? a. Scrapie tag 14. What are the top market goat producing states? a. Texas, Tennessee, California, Georgia, Oklahoma

9 15. The acceptable weight range of an ideal market goat should be? a lbs. 16. The meat from a market goat is called? b. Chevron 17. What is the average dressing percent for a market goat? b. 60% 18. What is the more expensive cut of a goat? a. Loin 19. The ideal loin eye measurement should be? a sq. in. 20. In order to reach the USDA Choice quality grade, the fat opposite the 12th rib should measure? a..30 to.50 in.

10 Market Goat Showmanship Evaluate the show ring prior to showmanship, paying close attention to where low spots are located. You want to make sure the goat s front feet don t end up in the low spots. You always want to set the goat going uphill. Enter the ring going clockwise. Lead the goat from the left side with the right hand when possible. Keep the goat between you and the judge. Keep the goat s front shoulder even with your leg and the goat s head in front of your body. Showmen should hold the collar using their right hand palm facing upward and toward the goat s head (Figure 1). Showman should let their left arm and hand relax at their side. There is no need for the showman to place their left arm behind their back. Figure 1. Hold the collar with your right hand palm up. If you must encourage the goat to lead by pulling its tail, change hands and hold the collar with the left hand, lightly pull the tip of the goat s tail with the right. As the goat begins moving, change your hands to their original position. Figure 2. Pull tail lightly to encourage the goat to move.

11 If the judge pulls you into line, your goat s shoulder should line up with the shoulder of the first goat in line. Keep your goat parallel to the other goats. If the judge lines you up head-to-tail, always line up straight behind the goat at the front of the line. KEEP THE LINES STRAIGHT this will make it easier for the judge to evaluate and compare goats. Figure 3. Animal spacing, profile A = to close together, B = perfect, C = too far away

12 Setting Up: A goat s feet should be placed on the four corners of its body, and the goat should not stand too wide or narrow on either the front or the back legs. On the profile, goats should not have their hind legs pulled forward too far underneath them or stretched backward too far behind them. Keep the goat s head straight over its body. The goat should look eye appealing and alert. You should remain standing at all times. Figure 4. Leg placement, profile A = legs too close, profile B = perfect leg placement, profile c = legs too wide

13 To properly brace an animal, the showman s hands, knees, and feet must be positioned correctly. This may differ based on the showman s size and what feels natural (Figure 5). Use the combination of hand, knee, and foot positioning that works best for you and the goat. Techniques may change as the showman becomes taller and stronger. The most effective way to brace a goat is to use what feels most comfortable to the showman while getting the best possible brace from the goat. The goat s front feet can be lifted slightly off of the ground to set them or cue the beginning of a brace. All four feet should remain on the ground while bracing (Figure 5). Holding an animal off of the ground can be uncomfortable for the goat. In addition this technique often makes a goat look worse structurally because the animal will usually have a dip in front of its hip, causing it to lose loin shape. Figure 5. Leg bracing position.

14 Goats ears should always remain in their natural position. Some may feel that raising the ears gives an illusion of a longer neck, but anything other than a natural look distracts from the animal s appearance (Figure 6) and offers no advantage. General: Know where the judge is and stay alert. The judge may handle your goat at any moment or ask you to move to another place in the show ring. Moving goats from one point to another is just as important as correct positioning of their feet and bracing (Figures ). When a judge asks a showman to move to another location, take the most direct path available. Goats should be turned slightly and pushed out of line if on a rear-view or pushed out of line before proceeding to the desired location with the goat between the showman and judge. Do not push the goat straight back or it will think you are signaling it to brace, and it will not move backward as desired. The showman should maintain eye contact with the judge while occasionally looking at the desired destination. When the showman is required to change sides, he/she must move around the front of the goat always facing the animal (Figure 7). Never change hands behind your back. Do not step behind the goat. Figure 6.

15 Figure 8.1. Animals entering the show ring on a profile. Notice the animal is always between the showman and judge. Figure 8.4. All animals begin to move to a profile or side-view. Move to the animal s left side, push their front end away from you, and follow the goat in front of you. Figure 8.2. Animals entering the show ring and line up on a rearview. Notice the position of the judge and showman. Figure 8.5. All animals lined up on a profile or side- view. Figure 8.3. All animals lined up on a rear-view. Figure 8.6. As animals move out of line to another location, move animals forward to fill gaps.

16 Figure 8.7. Showman 1 (top) 1) Push the goat out of line, 2) move around the front of the goat to change sides, and 3) proceed to the designated location. Showman 2 (bottom) 4) Push the goat out of line and proceed to the designated spot in line. Figure 8.8. Completed moves from Diagram 7. Arrows show the need to fill gaps that have been left by the goats in the middle.

17 Sources Goat Bowl Sample Questions. (2006). Retrieved August 26, 2014, from Gosz, R. Meat Goat Showmanship. Retrieved August 26, 2014, from Market Goat Showmanship from Start to Finish. Retrieved August 26, 2014, from

18 GOAT BOWL Sample Questions Please keep in mind that Goat Bowl is supposed to be a fun activity and that the short fast answers it requires can lend themselves to some inaccuracies. Rather than memorizing these sample questions and answers we recommend that you use them as a fun way to test how prepared you are. Prepare first by reading informative books and listening to informative speakers. Of course not all the books and speakers will agree which just makes goat bowl more interesting. These sample questions were revised in 2006 to include examples of questions covering other types of goats besides dairy What is a baby goat called? Kid What is an adult female goat called? Doe What is an adult male goat called? Buck What is a castrated male goat called? Wether The mother of a goat is called? A dam The father of a goat is called? A sire What is the "first milk" of a doe that is secreted after kidding called? Colostrum Why do kids need colostrum? Antibodies and laxative What is the technical term for the afterbirth? Placenta Name the two parts of a goat's body where it can be tattooed. Ears and tail web What does the word rumination refer to? Bringing up cud and chewing it. What is the most common reason for a doe to stop coming into heat during the breeding season? She is pregnant. What is the average length between heats? 21 days What is a French word that often used to mean goat meat? Chevon What is a Spanish word that is often used to mean goat meat? Cabrito What is the description of a goat's ancestry called? Pedigree Tell why a stainless steel container is the best for milking. Easy to sanitize

19 Define bloat. Excess gas in the rumen Which has more protein: a pound of cheese or a pound of milk? A pound of cheese When should you disbud a kid? 4-7 days or as soon as you can feel the horn buds on top of the head Why should you remove the water bucket from a kidding pen? So a kid will not be born into the water and drown In which direction are goats led in the show ring? Clockwise What is the most normal presentation of a kid at birth? Front feet and nose first. Which dairy breed of goat is characterized by long pendulous ears? Nubian Name one meat breed of goat characterized by long pendulous ears rather than airplane ears? Boer (another rarer breed would be Savanna) Which goat breed is characterized by tiny ears? LaMancha Where are LaMancha goats tattooed? In the tail web After milking, should milk be cooled quickly or slowly? Quickly What dairy breed of goat is characterized by a white or cream color? Saanen What t w o breeds of goats have Roman noses? Nubians and Boers (another rarer breed would be Savanna) A doe bred in November should kid in which month? April A doe bred in August should kid in which month? January What is the main problem for a kid with scours? Loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) Washing the doe's udder stimulates what? Milk letdown What breed is characterized by a light fawn to dark chocolate color with white ears, facial stripes and lower legs? Toggenburg In what order are dairy goats shown? Alphabetically by breed. (Alpine, LaMancha, Nigerian, Nubian, Oberhasli, Saanen, Sables, Toggenburg, Recorded Grade) The first dairy goat importation came to the US from what country? Switzerland The first importation of Boer goat genetics into the US came primarily in what two forms?

20 Semen and embryos The first Boer goat importation of semen and embryos came to the US from what country? New Zealand The Boer goat originated in what country? South Africa Which breed of dairy goat originated in the US? LaMancha Name three products made from goat milk. Cheese, ice cream, yogurt, fudge, butter, soap Which breed of dairy goat produces the most milk? Saanen What do we call an animal who is born without horns? Polled What is the normal temperature of a goat? degrees Fahrenheit Give two reasons why a goat s temperature might be elevated? Fever, very hot day, she has been racing around Why is it a good idea to compare a sick goat s temperature to a healthy herdmate s temperature when trying to decide if she has a fever? Other things besides a fever can make her temperature temporarily elevated What is an Experimental dairy goat? The result of mating two different Purebred breeds. What is the average weight of a newborn dairy doe kid? 5-7 pounds Tell two things to do when fitting a dairy goat for show. Trim hooves, break to lead with a collar, clip all hair except a tuft at the end of the tail, bathe Tell two things to be sure to do to kids at birth regardless of whether they are meat or dairy goats. Make sure noses are cleaned off and they are breathing, dip cords, make sure they get colostrum, check for abnormalities, make sure they are warm enough What do we call the act of a doe giving birth? Kidding, freshening, parturition When showing dairy goats, what kind of clothing should the exhibitor wear? Clean, white When showing meat goats, what kind of clothing should the exhibitor wear? Clean clothes, dark pants Kids' living quarters should be what? Clean, dry, draft free What part of the doe produces milk? Udder Are dairy goats typically seasonal or year round breeders? Seasonal Name the two types of LaMancha ears.

21 Gopher and elf Tell two reasons why goats should not be tied. Could get tangled, dogs could have easy access to them, being browsers, they need to walk around to find food. During what season of the year are both dairy and meat does most likely to get pregnant? Fall When reproducing, the doe provides the egg cell. What does the buck provide? Sperm When reproducing, the buck provides the sperm cell, what does the doe provide? Egg What is the largest breed of dairy goat? Saanen What is the solid part of cheese called? Curd What is the liquid part left after curds are removed in cheesemaking called? Whey What do the letters ADGA stand for? American Dairy Goat Association What do the letters ABGA stand for? American Boer Goat Association What is the price for one year Junior member dues to ADGA? $10 Name the eight breeds of dairy goat recognized by ADGA. Alpine, LaMancha, Nigerian, Nubian, Oberhasli, Saanen, Sable, Toggenburg Which one of the recognized breeds of dairy goats in the US is not a standard sized breed? Nigerian Dwarf (also referred to as Nigerian Dairy) What is a Sable? A colored Saanen What breed registry are Sable goats now registered in? They used to be in the experimental registry of ADGA but now have their own Sable breed registry in ADGA What do we call the piece of paper given to the doe's owner by the buck's owner after breeding? Service memo Is it possible to register grade goats with ADGA? No - record them only. What is the suggested tattoo letter for dairy goats in 2006? W What is the suggested tattoo letter for Boer goats in 2006? V How many teats does a dairy goat have? T w o Can a dairy goat with more than 2 teats be registered or recorded with ADGA? No

22 Why is it unadvisable to cut off extra teats on a dairy goat? It is against ADGA regulations Why is it unadvisable to cut off extra teats on a meat goat? You may identify the wrong teat as the extra one and instead cut off the main teat. Can a Boer goat with more than 2 teats be registered with the various Boer Goat Associations? Yes Why is it helpful to practice showmanship? To recognize the faults of the animal and to show her/him to their best advantage. Goats, along with cows, dogs, pigs, and wolves, are examples of what type of animal? Mammal In showmanship, is the conformation of the goat considered? No How many days are in a standard lactation for a dairy goat? 305 What is celebrated the third week of June? Dairy Goat Awareness Week What do we call the period of time in which a goat is producing milk? Lactation What do the letters AR stand for on a dairy goat pedigree? Advanced registry What do the letters AI stand for? Artificial insemination What is the name of the fluid used in semen storage tanks? Liquid nitrogen Does the presence of some somatic cells in the milk automatically indicate a problem? No, there are always some present Give the correct name of the teeth which humans have but goats lack. Upper incisors and canines What kind of digestive system does a goat have? Ruminant What activity distinguishes a ruminant from a non-ruminant? It chews cud Which hormone remains at a high level during pregnancy? Progesterone You put the hormone oxytocin to work every time you do what to a doe? Milk her When a goat kid butts his/her dam s udder, what hormone is released to allow milk let down Oxytocin How do you use your ability to recognize faults in conformation in a showmanship contest? It helps you position the animal to minimize faults

23 What part of the goat's diet will cause rumen development to occur? Fiber or roughage What is often added to feed to control dustiness? Molasses Will there be more bacteria from the first or last milk from a doe's udder during milking? First Where in the doe's body can the placenta be found? Uterus Name the favorite method used by goats to harvest forages. Browsing Name the two kinds of cistern found in the udder. Gland cistern, Teat cistern Which has a larger influence on milk production, genetics or environment? Environment What can cause a goat to drop in her milk production even though she does not look sick? Internal parasites, lack of water, being in heat Name an internal parasite. Worms, coccidia Name an external parasite. Ticks, fleas, lice Which worm is public enemy number 1 for New York meat goats? Or is the most serious Barberpole worm or Haemonchus contortus Before a goat can be infected with deer worm or P. tenuis, the worm must pass from deer to what intermediate host? Slugs, snails Name flaps of skin that hang from the necks of some goats. Wattles What hormone is at its peak during estrus? Estrogen What other domestic species has a gestation length similar to that of goats? Sheep Enterotoxemia is commonly called what? Overeating disease Is a doe more likely to conceive if she's gaining condition or losing weight? Gaining condition The terms cou blanc and cou clair describe the color of what part of the body and in what breed of goat? Neck on an Alpine What body system is affected by bloat? Digestive What does the term CH in front of a dairy goat's name mean? Permanent Champion -- she has at least three legs from being Grand Champion at sanctioned shows under two different judges

24 What does the prefix GCH in front of a dairy doe's name mean? In addition to being a permanent champion, she is a star milker What does the prefix ennobled behind a Boer goat s name mean? That the goat has passed the visual inspection and point requirements to be accepted into the elite ennobled herdbook within ABGA (technically, a goat can be ennobled based on its progeny s points without being inspected) What goats can be shown at official dairy goat shows without registration papers? Only kids under six months of age with a stamped duplicate of the registration application What do we call the opening in a doe s teat? The orifice From what country does the Oberhasli come? Switzerland Name the most reliable method of permanent identification. Tattooing What is chevre? Cheese made from goat's milk Name the 4 compartments of a goat s stomach. Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum Name the least expensive diet ingredient, which when lacking will affect milk more quickly than any other nutrient. Water What is the largest part of an adult goat stomach? Rumen What is the largest part of a kid s stomach? Abomasum What is a balling gun used for? To administer medication in bolus form When should dairy does be wormed? In the fall and when they kid, or as deemed necessary by fecal sampling Why are meat goat does commonly wormed in the spring? To try to keep worm populations low in the pastures during the grazing season (or to keep worm contamination low in their nursing kids) Why should goats not be allowed to eat leaves from peach, cherry, and plum trees? These leaves are poisonous, especially when wilting or stressed List the "Swiss breeds." Alpine, Oberhasli, Saanan, and Toggenburg What is used to detect flaky or clotted milk? A strip cup What is a dry doe? A doe who is not milking Why do bucks rear and butt at each other? To establish dominance for the formation of flock hierarchy What is the term for the act of the buck when he sniffs the urine of a doe and extends his head and neck into the air with his upper lip curled? Flehmen Posture

25 Your doe has a runny nose the morning of a show. Why or why not should she go to the show that day? Not, she may give her sickness to the other goats, or may develop something more serious from the stress of the day Name 3 nutrients we get from milk. Calcium, phosphorous, protein, riboflavin, vitamin A and vitamin D Which results in more milk -- 2 X/day or 3 X/day milking? 3 X/day What is meant by edema? Fluid retention in body tissues White muscle disease can be prevented by what mineral? Selenium What is the problem with a hermaphrodite goat? Infertile How soon after kidding does peak milk production occur? 6-8 weeks When does milk fever generally occur: a) during the dry period? b) before kidding? c) after kidding? c) After kidding Bright green color of a forage indicates a rich supply of what vitamin? Vitamin A What is another name for Listeriosis? Circling Disease What are four things a doe uses her feed for? Maintenance, production, growth, reproduction Which of the four stomachs of a goat is called the true stomach? The abomasum Name one United States periodical concerning goats. Dairy Goat Journal and United Caprine News and Goat Rancher and Meat Goat Monthly News Define inbreeding. The mating of closely related animals, such as brother and sister, or parent and offspring When your goat is at a fair or show, she may not drink "strange" water. What can you do for her? Bring water from home, or add molasses or Kool Aid to the water Why does the vet wash his/her boots before entering and leaving a farm? To prevent carrying disease from one farm to another farm What is an easy way to read a tattoo? Hold a flashlight against the outside of the goat's ear Name three reasons for off-flavor in milk. Buck kept near milkers, improper chilling, strong-flavored feeds, unclean equipment, doe in heat, or mastitis What is another name for pregnancy toxemia? Ketosis What does the following tell you? That a doe kidded at 2 years 2 months of age, gave 1925 pounds of milk. and 82 pounds of butterfat in 305 days What do we call diseases that are not contagious but are disturbances of normal body processes?

26 Metabolic Give an example of a metabolic disease. Ketosis, toxemia, milk fever, polioencephalomalacia, urinary calculi Name two tests that can be used to detect pregnancy in the doe. Palpation, milk or blood progesterone, ultrasound Explain why easy milkers are more likely to get mastitis. Streak canal is more open and bacteria enter more rapidly Name the problem caused by feeding too much calcium in the diet in late pregnancy. Milk fever -- parturient paresis Give the technical term for pregnancy. Gestation Give the technical term for kidding. Parturition Give the technical term for the period of time when a goat produces milk. Lactation What is an artificial vagina used for? For collecting semen for artificial insemination What is the anestrus period? The time of year when does are less likely to come into heat (or when the days are getting long, or March-June) Give 2 methods commonly used to bring dairy does in heat during the anestrus period. Artificial lighting or hormone treatment How does the medication in a uterine bolus reach the udder? The blood carries it Why can't cheese be produced from a doe who is receiving antibiotics? The antibiotics prevent the necessary growth of bacteria Name the organization which oversees official milk recording for dairy goats in New York State. Northeast Dairy Goat Herd Improvement Association What does stature refer to in dairy goats? Height What does condition refer to in meat goats? The amount of fat an animal is carrying The three selection grades for meat goats are supposed to evaluate the amount of muscle on the animal regardless of what? Fat On dairy goats, you want the rear udder attachment to be firm and the eschutcheon to be what? High and wide On meat goats you want the twist to be deep and the eschutcheon to be what? Low and wide Which is preferred in a dairy goat -- angularity or smoothness? Angularity Who shows in the Champion Challenge Class at an ADGA sanctioned show? The Grand Champion of the day for a particular breed and any permanent champions who wish to enter)

27 Does AGDA award scholarships? Yes How many letters and spaces can the registered name of a dairy goat have? 30 Is it possible to register or record a doe who is part Angora with the American Dairy Goat Association? No What is the minimum number of herds required for group milk testing? Three At an official ADGA show, whose responsibility is it to have a copy of the official AGDA show rules? The show secretary Define A.O.P. as used in dairy goats All other purebred classes made up of all the purebred dairy goats in a show whose breeds are not separately sanctioned Give one disqualification for an Oberhasli. Pendulous ears Black bucks Large white spot ( 1 1/2 or more in any direction) Any other color than chamoisee (or black in does) Why would a misplaced orifice be a very serious problem on a dairy doe? When milking, milk would not end up in the pail Why would cluster teats or fishtail teats be considered serious problems on a meat goat doe? A kid may be unable to nurse off these teats In the ADGA showmanship scorecard, appearance of animal is worth how many points? 40 In the ADGA showmanship scorecard, general appearance of the exhibitor is worth how many points? 10 In order for a goat to be accepted for registration or recordation with any breed association it must be what? Tattooed Name the sale of top breeds that takes place at ADGA National Convention. Spotlight Sale How can a dairy doe of unknown pedigree be recorded? Native on Appearance with an indication as to breed type Name 2 ADGA judges from our state. Dave Funk, Judy Quagliana, Allen Bitter, Pete Snyder, Bob Bartholomew, Bob Spitzer, Lynn Fleming, Patricia Allen- Ricotta, John Pfeiler What breed club gives a Golden Earring Award for milk production? LaMancha What is the only type of ears accepted for a LaMancha buck? Gopher What do we call the practice in which we increase the feed given to a doe before breeding to increase the production of kids? Flushing

28 Making sure your buck has clean water and salt at all times may help prevent his developing what condition? Urinary calculi What feed additive besides salt is commonly added to grain formulated for wethers and bucks to try to prevent urinary calculi? Ammonium chloride Imbalances in Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorous can lead to what potentially deadly condition in male goats? Urinary calculi If a dairy doe is registered AR, what does this mean? The doe has met the minimum requirements for production of milk and butterfat for her age while on test under official supervision Is soil in this part of the country rich or deficient in Selenium? Deficient What are single celled parasites that live and multiply in the intestinal wall? Coccidia How is coccidiosis diagnosed? Clinical signs or microscopic fecal exam What disease is defined as "inflammation of the mammary gland caused by specific disease-producing organisms?" Mastitis What test is used to monitor the progress of mastitis control and the health status of udders in the herd? California Mastitis Test What health problem can be treated with copper or zinc sulfate? Footrot (or foot scald) For what is an anthelmintic used? To control internal parasites, worms What is higher in energy: soybean oil, meal, or corn? Corn What does pathogenic mean? Disease producing Breeding a polled doe to a polled buck increases the chances of what? Hermaphrodism How would you know your goat had soremouth? Lesions and small blisters on lips, gums, udder, or other mucous membranes What are the four major parts of the dairy goat doe on the AGDA scorecard? General Appearance, Dairy Character, Body Capacity, and Mammary System What is oxytocin and what does it do? Milk let-down hormone What happens to a doe's butterfat level toward the end of her lactation? Increases As milk production increases, what happens to butterfat? Decreases What is a wry face? One that turns to the right or to the left

29 When are louse populations the highest? Winter What is the most important factor for determining when to breed a doe for the first time? Weight, at least 75 pounds What do the letters CAE stand for? Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Why would you heat treat the colostrum and pasteurize the milk fed to a kid? To prevent transmission of CAE from the dam How would you heat-treat colostrum? Heat carefully to 135 degrees Fahrenheit and hold at that temperature for an hour To what temperature do you heat milk to pasteurize it, and for how long? 165 degrees Fahrenheit for 10 seconds A barn that is left open on one side should be open to which direction? South (or Southwest) Does an animal tend to get more individual attention in loose housing or confinement housing? Confinement The name of the two Dairy Goat registry associations in the United States are? American Dairy Goat Association and American Goat Society The names of at least two Boer Goat registries in the United States are? No initials please. American Boer Goat Association (ABGA), International Boer Goat Association (IBGA), United State Boer Goat Association (USBGA) What should the temperature of water be for the first rinse after milking? Lukewarm degrees Fahrenheit What produces the hormone progesterone? Corpus Luteum or yellow body What gas is given off by fermenting manure? Methane Are meat goats for the Italian and Greek Easter markets usually a) cull does, b) weaned market kids, or c) suckling kids? c) suckling kids Slaughter goats for the Italian and Greek Easter market are usually in what stage of life? Suckling kids (still nursing) Name two methods of castration in goats Surgical (knife), banding (elastator), cord crushing (burdizzo, emasculator) Is it possible for a doe who is part Boer to be recorded with the American Dairy Goat Association? No Is it possible for a doe who is part Alpine to be recorded with the American Boer Goat Association? Yes What is the difference between a purebred and full blood Boer buck? A purebred buck can verify that it is at least 94% Boer (31/32) while a full blood can verify that it is 100% What is the difference between an American and Purebred Saanen buck? An American buck can verify that it is at least 87% Saanen (15/16) while a purebred can verify that it is 100%

30 What is the official USDA identification for goats that are untattooed and unregistered? A scrapie ear tag What is a white meat goat breed that has been imported from South Africa into the US? Savanna The Kiko goat originated in what country? New Zealand What color is most common in the Kiko meat goat breed? White Give two examples of a guard animal for goats Donkeys, llamas, guardian dogs What is a creep feeding pen? A pen that suckling kids but not their dams can get into to eat concentrate feed (or to get extra feed) What is the muscle condition called that causes Tennessee Fainting Goats to stiffen and even fall over when startled? Myotonia What is the difference between a Tennessee Meat Goat and a Tennessee Fainting Goat? Tennessee Meat Goat is the copyrighted term for a strain of Tennessee Fainting goats developed for meat production by one specific ranch (Onion Creek Ranch) What do we call the descendants of goats brought over by early settlers and Spanish explorers that thrived in Texas? Spanish goats What is the fiber from an Angora goat called? Mohair A goat s maternal grandsire is it s what? Grandfather on its mother s side (mother s father, dam s sire)

31 General Livestock Sample Questions from Animals In Pursuit Beef Q. When selecting a meat animal on structural soundness, special emphasis should be placed on what body parts? A. Feet and legs Q. What is the minimum recommended resting area for a market beef animal? A. 25 square feet Q. Corn silage, pasture, and hay are examples of what type of feed? A. Roughages Q. When is the best time to start training a beef calf to lead? A. At a young age Q. Name a piece of equipment used to dehorn a newborn calf. A. Caustic stick, tube calf dehorner or heat dehorning iron Q. What is a learn by doing non-competitive 4-H activity involving several mini learning stations called? A. Skillathon Q. What is the sheet that lists the sire and dam of a purebred animal called? A. Registration paper Q. What is the minimum area recommended for an outside exercise area for a market beef animal? A. 400 square feet Q. What grain raised on Minnesota farms is the most common concentrate in beef rations? A. Corn Q. What type of halter is best for breaking a beef calf to lead? A. Rope halter Q. When is the best time to dehorn a calf? A. From one day to three months of age Q. What is the event called that involves judges, several classes of 4 animals of beef, sheep and swine? A. Judging Contest Q. At what age should a beef heifer be bred? A months Q. A feed box or bunk for a market beef animal should be how far from the ground or floor? A inches Q. What is the most important vitamin for a breeding beef animal? A. Vitamin A Q. From what side do you lead a beef calf? A. Left side Q. What is the process called in which the testicles of male calves are removed? A. Castration Q. What is the name for a two minute presentation in a Judging Contest where the participant discusses a class of livestock? A. Oral Reasons Q. What is the amount of fat on a market animal called? A. Finish Q. How many linear feet of bunk space does a market beef animal require? A. 2 ½ to 3 feet Page 1 of 14

32 General Livestock Sample Questions from Animals In Pursuit Q. Calcium and phosphorous are examples of what type of nutrients? A. Minerals Q. What is the name of a tool used by beef showmen to adjust the legs on a beef calf? A. Show stick Q. What is a piece of equipment used for castrating a calf? A. Sharp knife, emasulator, burdizzo or elastrator Q. What are the birth dates, adjusted weaning weights, adjusted yearling weights called in a judging contest? A. Performance data Q. By what date each year must market beef steers in Minnesota be weight and identified? A. February 15 Q. How many gallons of water will a 1000 pound steer drink per day if the outside temperature is 50 F? A gallons Q. What feed ingredient is normally fed free-choice to beef cows on pasture? A. Salt or mineral Q. If a show stick is used by a beef showmen to apply pressure behind the dew claw, what direction will the calf likely move his foot? A. Forward Q. What is a common parasite of cattle? A. Fly, grub, lice or worm Q. In a class of 4 animals in a judging contest, how many possible placings are there? A. 24 Q. What is a beef animal that naturally lacks horns called? A. Polled Q. How many gallons of water will a 100 pound steer drink per day if the outside temperature is 90 F? A gallons Q. Besides a balanced ration, a clean, fresh supply of this item is essential in feeding market beef? A. Water Q. When a beef showmen uses a show stick to press back between the toes in the left of the foot, the calf will likely move the foot what direction? A. Backwards Q. What are two causes of scours? A. Soured feed, feed too finely ground, too much protein, or overfeeding of legume hays Q. What is the maximum length of time a set of oral reasons should be? A. 2 minutes Q. Name a popular British beef breed that is black? A. Angus Q. What season of the year do most beef cows calve? A. Spring Q. What is a commercial feed used to raise the protein level of beef ration called? A. Protein Supplement Q. Doing things such as brushing, washing and clipping are referred to as what in a beef project? A. Grooming Page 2 of 14

33 General Livestock Sample Questions from Animals In Pursuit Q. What is the act of removing horns from cattle called? A. Dehorning Q. How far should a person stand from the judge when presenting oral reasons? A. 6-8 feet Q. How many animals are in a class at most judging contests? A. 4 Q. How many months after calving will a beef cow normally come into heat? A. 1 ½ to 2 months Q. A normal beef steer will consume what percent of its body weight in feed each day? A. 2.5 to 2.5% Q. What is the main reason for good grooming in a beef animal? A. To improve the appearance of the animal Q. What is the normal temperature of a cow? A F or 38.3 C Q. When giving oral reasons on a pair of animals, what are the merits for the second place animal in a pair called? A. Grants Q. What causes dark cutting beef? A. A long term stress period prior to slaughter Q. What piece of equipment is necessary to weight calves for performance records? A. Scale Q. If a steer is fed too much roughage relative to grain, how may it s visual appearance change? A. He will become heavy middled or paunchy Q. Ideally, how often should a beef calf be brushed and combed? A. Daily Q. What is the normal pulse rate for cattle? A beats per minute Q. What is meeting in a club or county in a specific project area called? A. Project meeting Q. Rump roast comes from what beef wholesale cut? A. Round Q. When figuring an adjusted weaning weight, name one of the adjustment factors. A. Age of calf; sex of calf; age of the Dam Q. What feed grain is the most common energy source in a market beef ration? A. Corn Q. How often should a beef calf be washed the final 2 months before a County Fair? A. Once per week Q. What is the normal respiration rate for cattle? A per minute Q. For most 4-H livestock project members the biggest livestock show held locally is what event? A. County Fair Q. Porterhouse steak comes from what beef wholesale cut? A. Loin or short loin Page 3 of 14

34 General Livestock Sample Questions from Animals In Pursuit Q. Once a heifer has a calf she is called what? A. Cow Q. Name a method used to get supplemental feed to beef calves on pasture prior to weaning? A. Creep Feeding Q. If all the soap is not rinsed out of a beef calf during washing it will result in what condition? A. Dandruff Q. What are two factors which may influence body temperature in a healthy animal? A. Weather, exercise, disease, excitement, time of day Q. What livestock group sponsors and coordinates the 4-H Livestock Auction at the Minnesota State Fair? A. Minnesota Livestock Breeder s Association Q. T-bone steak comes from what beef wholesale cut? A. Loin or short loin Q. What precautions can be taken with dehorning tools to prevent infections? A. Dip tools in a disinfectant solution prior to and between each use Q. Name 2 feed stuffs commonly used in creep feed for beef calves? A. Corn, oats, protein supplement Q. What is done to a beef calf to improve the way the calf stands and walks? A. Trim the hooves (feet) Q. Where is a cow s pulse taken? A. Outside of the jaw, just above its lower border Q. What is the name of an event where beef steers are weighed and identified? A. Beef Weigh-In Sheep Q. A sound commercial ewe project should be evaluated on what basis? A. Lamb production/ewe; profit/ewe Q. How much space should be provided for each ewe? A. About 20 square feet Q. How many pounds of hay will a ewe eat in a 200 day winter period? A pounds Q. Small wired brushes used to fluff wool are called? A. Wool cards Q. What are 4 of the major diseases affecting sheep? A. Parasites, pneumonia, pregnancy disease, vibrio, enterotoxemia, sore mouth, scours, mastitis, foot rot, and urinary culculi Q. Name two lamb carcass quality grades. A. Prime, choice, good, utility, cull Q. Name seven of the approximately 21 sheep breeds in the U.S. A. Suffolk, Dorset, Finn, Hampshire, Columbia, Corriedale, Rambouillet, Shropshire, Targhee, Border Lester, Cheviot, Panama, Lincoln, Oxford Q. How much dry lot space should you have per ewe? A square feet Q. How many pounds of grain will a ewe lambing in February need a year? A pounds Page 4 of 14

35 General Livestock Sample Questions from Animals In Pursuit Q. What should you wash your sheep with? A. Mild detergent Q. What is a high temperature for a sheep? A F Q. Name two lamb carcass yield grades. A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Q. What are the two major economic traits to look for when selecting sheep? A. Prolificacy, rate of gain, wool production, hardiness and longevity Q. What is a lamb creep? A. A small pen where lambs can eat, rest and be away from the ewes Q. How many head of sheep can an acre of good pasture support? A head/acre Q. Name two basic equipment items for grooming. A. Hand shears, wash brush, rope halter, blanket, feed pan and water pail Q. What are two signs a sheep may be getting sick? A. Laggard, off by itself, won t eat, manure not normal Q. To measure the fat thickness of a lamb carcass, the carcass is ribbed between what ribs? A. 12 th and 13 th Q. What is fecundity? A. Ovulate, conceive and raise high lamb number/ewe Q. When is it best to shear? A. Prior to lambing Q. How many pounds should you feed ewes during early gestation? A. 4-5 pounds of feed Q. What is the stand called that is used when grooming? A. Blocking stand Q. A normal healthy sheep will do what when approached? A. Run away Q. What is the carcass from a young sheep called? A. Lamb Q. What factors influence milk yield of ewe? A. Number of lambs, age, feed, udder soundness Q. What should you do with sheared wool? A. Bag immediately and store in clean, dry place Q. Aside from grains and hay, what is essential to feeding sheep? A. All the fresh clean water they want Q. How soon before the show should you trim the lamb s feet? A. 2 weeks Q. What should you first do with a sick sheep? A. Isolate immediately in a clean, dry stall; get a diagnosis from vet; follow treatment recommended Q. What is the carcass from an old sheep called? A. Mutton Page 5 of 14

36 General Livestock Sample Questions from Animals In Pursuit Q. At what age do the down creeds reach sexual maturity? A. 5-7 months Q. Name two factors that can adversely affect profits. A. Ewe depreciation, interest rates, barn and equipment costs, health and parasites Q. When lactating, how much grain should a ewe receive? A. 1-2 pounds Q. How should you position the lamb to trim the feet? A. Place lamb on its rump, hold between your knees with the lamb s head up Q. What is enterotoximia? A. Overeating Q. What is the blood grade name of wool with the finest diameter? A. Fine (has at least 64 hanks per pound spinning count) Q. what is gainability? A. Weight per day of age Q. Name three factors aside for the capital costs that affect production costs. A. Feed costs, level of winter feeding, when your ewes lamb, pasture costs, average of weight per lamb sold, number of lambs Q. What should be the proportion of hay:grain for lactating ewes? A. 65:35 to 50:50 Q. Which portion of the hoof should be trimmed? A. The excessive overgrown area Q. How can you prevent enterotoxemia? A. Vaccinate a month before lambing and then vaccinate lambs at 3-4 weeks of age Q. What sheep breed has all black head and legs? A. Suffolk Q. What is considered the third most important economic trait of sheep? A. Wool production Q. How many more non-lactating ewes can be grazed per acre than lactating ewes? A. Twice as many Q. How old before lambs begin to eat dry feed? A. 2-3 weeks of age Q. What can happen if you cut a hoof too deeply? A. Blood and lameness Q. What are sheep keds? A. Ticks Q. What two breeds were originally crossed to make the Suffolk breed? A. Norfolk and Southdown Q. What determines clean fleece weight? A. Breed, size, staple length, fiber density Q. Have ewe prices risen or declined since 1981? A. Declined Q. What are three of the feed ingredients in a well balance ration? A. Shelled corn, Ammonium chloride, alfalfa, soybean meal, molasses, feeding limestone, sale, antibiotics, bovatec Page 6 of 14

37 General Livestock Sample Questions from Animals In Pursuit Q. Can you wash all breeds of sheep? A. No wool breeds should not be washed Q. Are ticks an external or internal parasite? A. External Q. What is the activity called where teams perform specific tasks at a series of stations? A. Skillathon Q. How many years does the average ewe remain productive? A. 5-6 years Q. Are April-born lambs more or less costly to produce than January born lambs? A. Less Q. In any ration how much salt is adequate? A. 5% Q. How long before the show should you shear a show wether? A. 2 weeks Q. What are internal parasites? A. Intestinal worms of several species Q. What is the minimum number of group 4-H project experiences each leader should have? A. Five Q. What are two factors that determine ease of lambing? A. Weight of lamb, size and shape, pelvic room in the ewe, presentation normal Q. Do lambs sold in June or July sell for more or less per 100 pounds than December sold lambs? A. More Q. What causes too much fat in sheep? A. Fed too much, too long Q. How much fleece should there be at show time on a Suffolk ewe lamb? A. ½ to ¾ inch Q. How can ticks be prevented? A. By spraying shortly after shearing Q. How are livestock classes in a judging contest numbered? A. Left to right from behind Q. Which type of ewes are more likely to have two or more lambs? A. Mature ewes, flushed ewes, finn cross ewes Q. What is an example of a pasture related death loss? A. Bloat, maggots, parasites, toxic plants Q. If a lamb is orphaned or rejected what should you feed a new lamb? A. Milk replace Q. Which area of a sheep should be sheared first? A. Breast area, then belly, flanks Q. Should ewes be treated for worms before breeding? A. Yes Q. If the cuts in a class of 4 animals were 1-1-1, what would this tell you about the class? A. All the animals are almost the same Page 7 of 14

38 General Livestock Sample Questions from Animals In Pursuit Q. When is the best to select open ewes? A. Summer or early fall Q. What is a bummer lamb? A. An orphaned lamb Q. How should the creep ration be ground? A. Coarsely or pelleted Q. How do you remove excessive dirt, straw and manure before washing a sheep? A. Curry comb or stiff brush Q. Are sheep more or less likely to have parasite problems on pasture than in confinement? A. More likely Q. In addition to two teams who else is involved in a project quiz bowl? (Name one) A. Moderator, judge, score keeper and time keeper Q. Name 3 desirable physical characteristics in a 4-H ewe for show. A. Alert, good size, length, height, body width, muscled legs, substance bone, breed type Q. Crossbreeding increases what? A. Productivity Q. How much soybean meal should be added to the sheep ration? A. 15% Q. What should you do with a sheep s ears while washing? A. Hold closed Q. What is an inflammation of the udder called? A. Mastitis Q. Name two feedstuffs used primarily as sources of energy. A. Barley, oats, wheat, corn, hay Q. Name one of the meat type breeds. A. Hampshire, Oxford, Shropshire, Suffolk, Dorset Q. What is culling? A. Selling unproductive and unhealthy sheep Q. What vitamins should be in sheep ration? A. A, D, E Q. How can you speed up drying sheep? A. Blow dry Q. What is a normal temperature for a sheep? A F Q. Name two feedstuffs used primarily as sources of protein. A. Cottonseed meal, soybean meal, linseed meal, corn gluten meal, meat meal, urea Q. How much should a Suffolk ram lamb weigh at 5-6 months? A pounds Q. What two factors determine the pounds of lamb produced? A. Number of lambs or weight of lamb Q. What percent of the total production cost is feed? A % Page 8 of 14