Prevalence of babesiosis in Sanga cattle in the Ohangwena region of Namibia
|
|
- Mae Millicent Newton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 B- 755 [1-5] Indian J. Anim. Res., Print ISSN: / Online ISSN: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE Prevalence of babesiosis in Sanga cattle in the Ohangwena region of Namibia Emmanuel Kamutyatsha Matheus 1, Johan Oosthuizen 1, Christian Anayochukwu Mbajiorgu 1 and James Wabwire Oguttu 1 * College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health,University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa Received: Accepted: DOI: /ijar.B-755 ABSTRACT Three hundred and ninety two (n = 392) blood samples from randomly selected cattle were subjected to the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test to test for antibodies against Babesia spp. The proportions of males (49%) and females (51%) included in the study did not differ significantly. Cattle that were 5 years constituted 63% of the sampled animals, while cattle that were 0-2 years old were in the minority (14%). Babesia bigemina had the highest prevalence (36.5%), while mixed infections had the least prevalence (13.2%). Based on age, cattle that were 3-4 years old had the highest prevalence of both B. bovis (23.9%) and B. bigemina (44.6 %). Cattle in the 0-2 year age category had the lowest prevalence of both B. bovis (12.3%) and B. bigemina (29.8 %). The 3-4 years old age category also had the highest prevalence (18.5 %) of mixed infections, while the 0-2-years old had the lowest (8.8%). Overall, B. bigemina had the highest prevalence; however the level of the prevalence of babesiosis in the study area was not at the point where the region could be considered endemically stable.there was no significant association between infection and age, gender and place. Key words: Babesiosis, Babesia spp., Distribution, Endemic stability, Namibia, Prevalence, Sanga cattle, Ticks, Vectors. INTRODUCTION Babesiosis is one of the most common and economically important tick-borne infectious diseases of domestic and wild animals. Babesia spp that cause the disease are transmitted to the cattle by parasitic ticks (heamoparasites) that feed on the blood of animals. Babesiosis hampers animal production by causing retarded growth, low meat production and even mortality of farm animals (Góes et al. 2008; Gualito et al. 2012; Robbins 2012). Clinical signs suspected to be associated with babesiosis have continuously been reported to the state veterinary offices (Republic of Namibia 2013). However, we could find no evidence of studies that have been conducted in the Ohangwena region to ascertain the level of prevalence of the disease. In order to fill the knowledge gap, the present study was planned with the objective of determining the sero-prevalence of different Babesia spp. in Sanga cattle, and to determine the most prevalent Babesia species in the study area. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 392 cattle were selected from various crush pens in all constituencies of the Ohangwena region. The collection of samples was done during the annual vaccination campaign against lung sickness that was conducted in The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 99%, was employed to test for the presence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina antibodies (OIE 2013). Raw data was entered into Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and evaluated for inconsistences and improbable entries before analysis commenced.the data was analysed using the statistical package SPSS version 23. The quantitative data was summarised using descriptive statistics and presented as frequency tables and graphs. Ausvet EpiTool was used to estimate the prevalence and compute the confidence intervals for the prevalence estimates. The chi-square test was used to compare the proportions of infected cattle for categorical variables like sex, age and constituencies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Distribution of cattle in the study area: Herds in the study area were made up of nearly equal numbers of male (49%) and female (51%) animals (Table 1). This suggests that farmers tend to keep as many male animals as female animals (cows and heifers combined). This is not consistent with the recommended herd ratio of four bulls per one hundred cows (1:25) for the extensive cattle rearing systems (Tschopp et al. 2010). This finding was expected, because under the traditional farming system, farmers tend to keep oxen for ploughing, slaughtering at weddings, mourning deaths, and *Corresponding author s Joguttu@unisa.ac.za College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health,University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
2 2 INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL RESEARCH other socio-cultural events. In addition, the majority of cattle (63%) sampled were older than five years. This could be because among pastoralist societies, female cattle are usually retained for as long as they are able to produce. This is used as strategy to maximise the growth of the herd ( Hangara et al. 2011). As a result, old animals are not culled, but are retained in the herd for a long time, which is contrary to what commercial farmers do (Muhanguzi et al. 2014). The bull-to-cow ratio as observed in the present study has been known to pose problems in cattle production systems, because it negatively affects conception and the fertility of the herd, and has the potential to cause financial losses (Hangara et al. 2011). Spatial distribution of Babesia species in the study area: Antibodies against Babesia species were detected in cattle. This is confirmed by government reports of clinical cases suspected to be bovine babesiosis in the study area (Republic of Namibia 2013). This finding was anticipated given that bovine babesiosis is known to be endemic to countries of southern Africa (Cammà et al., 2012). Babesia bigemina had a high concentration at the crush pens in the central part of the region along the border between Eenhana and Epembe constituencies, and towards the eastern part of the region. The implications of this finding is that although widely distributed, the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area was not uniform. Some areas had higher concentration of cases than others (Fig 1). The differences may be as a result of differences in the microclimate in the region. Constituencies in the western part of the study area like Engela, Endola, Ongenga and Ohangwena, are more prone to floods than those in the eastern part of the study area. Therefore the wet conditions in the western parts are more conducive for the growth and multiplication of the vector ticks (Coşkun 2012; Marufu 2008). The phenomenon of moving and displacing cattle in search of better grazing areas, also plays a significant role in the spread of the disease. This causes changes in the host population. As animals move from one region to another they transfer ticks from one area to another. Such changes affect the timing of tick-borne infections and thus place a burden on the nation s tick-control programmes (Olwoch et al. 2008; Penzhorn 2015; Tembue et al. 2011). The prevalence of babesiosis in the study area: In the current study, the presence of antibodies showed that the animals (especially the adult ones), had been infected and/ or could be immune. We detected antibodies in calves above one year of age, by which time the maternal immunity should have diminished. During sampling, clinical signs such as pale mucus membranes and jaundice were observed in some cattle of which farmers reported heamoglobinuria. Under field conditions, antibodies against babesiosis drop to negative reading after 6-12 months, as no antibodies will be detected by the IFA test. Therefore, after 12 months the IFA test will return a negative result while the animal is immune. Based on this the observed cases suggest that there was continuous infection by Babesia parasites and the presence of parasite-infected vector ticks in the study area. This knowledge is necessary to define the epizootiological balance in the population and to determine control strategies for the disease (Chandrawathani and Lye 2010). Babesia parasites are mostly found in animals that graze on pastures where vector ticks prevail (Atif et al. 2013). The prevalence of positive cases in the current study was estimated at 16.6 % (95%; CI: ) for B. bovis and 36.5 % (95%; CI: ) for B. bigemina. This was lower than the prevalence of 76.0% for B. bovis and 78.8% for B. bigemina observed in Mozambique (Tembue et al. 2011). However, the prevalence was higher than that observed in Angola (1%) and South Africa (1.4%) (Kubelová et al. 2012; Mtshali et al. 2013). This was not expected given that Namibia is a semi-arid area (dryer than Angola and South Africa) and that the climate is therefore not considered to be conducive for the survival of the ticks that spread the disease (Republic of Namibia 2013). Table 1: Profile of cattle sampled in the Ohangwena region (n = 392) Constituencies Number of cattle Frequencies (%) Sex Age groups Female Male 0-2 years 3-4 years over 5 years n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) Okongo 138 (35.2) 70 (17.9) 68 (17.3) 23 (5.9) 38 (9.7) 77 (19.6) Omundaungilo 24 (6.1) 13 (3.3) 11 (2.8) 4 (1.0) 2 (0.5) 18 (4.6) Epembe 24 (6.1) 14 (3.6) 10 (2.6) 4 (1.0) 5 (1.3) 15 (3.8) Eenhana 24 (6.1) 13 (3.3) 11 (2.8) 4 (1.0) 2 (0.5) 18 (4.6) Ondobe 32 (8.2) 20 (5.1) 12 (3.1) 5 (1.3) 6 (1.5) 21 (5.4) Omulonga 32 (8.1) 13 (3.3) 19 (4.8) 5 (1.3) 6 (1.5) 21 (5.4) Ohangwena 24 (6.1) 12 (3.1) 12 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 7 (1.8) 17 (4.3) Oshikango 8 (2.1) 5 (1.3) 3 (0.8) 3 (0.8) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.3) Engela 16 (4.1) 6 (1.5) 10 (2.6) 1 (0.3) 3 (0.8) 12 (3.1) Ongenga 32 (8.2) 15 (3.8) 17 (4.3) 2 (0.5) 11 (2.8) 19 (4.8) Endola 38 (9.7) 19 (4.8) 19 (4.8) 4 (1.0) 10 (2.6) 24 (6.1) Total 392 (100) 200 (51.0) 192 (49.0) 55 (14.0) 90 (23.0) 247 (63.0)
3 Like in other communal farming systems of Africa, Bos indicus cattle (Sanga cattle) of southern African origin are the dominant breeds in the study area. The breed is known for its ability to be naturally resistant to tick parasitism and tick-borne diseases (Jonsson et al. 2014). This could explain why the prevalence in this region for B. bovis (16.6%) and B. bigemina (36.5%) was generally lower than that observed in other studies conducted elsewhere, where several breed types, including the Bos taurus are reared (Jonsson et al. 2014). Rearing animals that are adapted to the local conditions and known prevailing diseases in the area reduces the risk of farmers losing their animals to these tick-borne diseases. However, lack of regular tick control could undermine the advantage of rearing animals that are resistant to tick-borne diseases, which could explain why the prevalence in the study area was as high as 36.5% in some cases. As shown in Fig 2, babesiosis was present in almost all the constituencies of the Ohangwena region. However, high prevalence rates tended to occur in the constituencies to the west of the region like Ongenga (65.6%; 95% CI: ), Ohangwena (58.3%; 95% CI: ) and Endola (55.3%; 95% CI: ), while the lowest prevalence occurred in the central region. As mentioned earlier, a large part of the grazing areas of the western region consisted of flood-water pans and as a result, these findings were expected. The slightly higher prevalence (36.2%; 95% CI: ) in Okongo might be the result of the migration of cattle from the western part of the region in search of better grazing in the Okongo constituency. This could be attributed to the fact that animals coming from west are infected and act as source of infection for the animals to the other parts of the study area. This affects the results in the sense that it contributes to the disease spreading across the whole region as was observed. As mentioned earlier, a large Fig-1: Distribution of babesiosis at crush pens in the Ohangwena region Vol. Issue, () part of the grazing areas of the western region consisted of flood-water pans, which creates conditions conducive for survival of the vector. In view of this, the result reported here were expected. Most prevalent Babesia species: B. bigemina was the most prevalent species, with an overall prevalence of 36.5% compared to the 16.6% of B. bovis. Babesia bigemina dominated in prevalence in all respects (spatial and hostrelated factors) (Table 2). The results of the current study are consistent with the findings of previous studies that observed that both species of these Babesia can occur in the same place, and that where both exist, the prevalence of B. bigemina tends to dominate over B. bovis. One possible explanation for this, could be the fact that B. bigemina has many vectors as compared to B. bovis (OIE 2013; Vos and Waal 2004). Babesia bovis is generally known to be more pathogenic than B. bigemina (Bock et al. 2004; OIE 2013; Vos and Waal 2004). Therefore B. bigemina, the less pathogenic species being the most prevalent species ( 36.5%) in the study area, could explain why clinical signs of acute infections were rarely observed during the study. In addition, the fact that B. bigemina was the most prevalent species is good news for the farmers in the study area. This is because it has been observed that that cattle infected with B. bigemina became carriers for a few months, while cattle infected with B. bovis tended to remain carriers of the disease for a long period (Lemma et al. 2015). The results reported here also revealed that, some cattle were simultaneously infected with both B. bovis and B. bigemina, while others were infected by a single species. This indicates that both parasites can live in a single host. This was in agreement with a similar study done in Malaysia by Chandrawathani and Lye (2010), where cattle were found to be infected with one of the Babesia species (B. bigemina or B. bovis), or with both simultaneously. Prevalence based on sex and age: The prevalence was higher in males (42%) compared to females (38%) (Table3). however, this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). This is consistent with the observation by Lemma et al. (2015), who reported an equal prevalence of babesiosis in female and male cattle (P > 0.05). The occurrence of tick fever increases directly in proportion to the age of the animal (OIE 2012; Zintl et al. 2005). In the current study, the highest prevalence of babesiosis was found in the 3-4-year age group (50%), followed by the group that was older than 5 years (37.9 %). Cattle aged between 0 and 2 years old had the lowest prevalence (33.3%) (Table 4). Furthermore, the findings of this study concurred with those by Abdullah-Al-Mahmud (2015), who reported a higher prevalence rate in cattle over three years of age than in younger ones (1 to 2 years of
4 4 INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL RESEARCH Fig-2: Prevalence of babesiosis in constituencies in the Ohangwena region Table 2: Frequencies and prevalence of positive samples (n = 392) Babesia Frequencies Prevalence 95% Confidence species of positive (%) Interval samples (n) Lower Upper Babesia bovis % Babesia bigemina % Mixed infections 51 13% age).the authors are of the view that this observation could be related to the traditional system of rearing cattle among pastoralists where young animals are left at home when the rest of the herd goes out to graze. In this way, the age category in question is at a lower risk of exposure to the tick vector. The results observed in this study suggest that the parasites had been circulating within the cattle population for some time. This was demonstrated by the fact that antibodies were detected in cattle above the age of twelve months. This happens if the cattle have continuously been exposed to the parasites. By twelve months, the maternal antibodies would have diminished and no antibodies would be detected if there was no exposure (Ekici and Sevinc 2009; Goff et al. 2002; Ríos-Tobón and Gutiérrez-Builes 2014). CONCLUSION Babesiosis was found to be widely distributed throughout the study area. The region was found to be endemically unstable for babesiosis. As a result, a vaccination protocol to establish good herd immunity is necessary to improve production. This study has clearly identified a need for more farmer education and awareness about tick-borne diseases and herd management to correct aspects like herd composition in the study area, and to institute effective tick control measures to limit the exposure of the animals to Babesia parasites. Farmers also have to be educated on the necessity to remove old animals to help improve the productivity and profitability of their enterprises. Our findings also confirmed that the Ohangwena region is endemically infected with bovine babesiosis and Table 3: Proportion of positive samples based on the sex of cattle in the Ohangwena region (n = 392) Babesia Spp. Sex Male (n = 192) Female (n = 200) n % ( a CI) n % ( a CI) Babesia bovis 28/ ( ) 37/ ( ) Babesia bigemina 74/ ( ) 69/ ( ) Mixed infections 21/ ( ) 30/ ( ) a CI (confidence interval) = 95% Table 4: Proportion of positive samples based on age of cattle in the Ohangwena region (n = 392) Babesia Spp. Age group (years) n % ( a CI) n % ( a CI) n % ( a CI) Babesia bovis 7/ ( ) 22/ ( ) 36/ ( ) Babesia bigemina 17/ ( ) 41/ ( ) 85/ ( ) Mixed infections 5/ ( ) 17/ ( ) 29/ ( ) a CI (confidence interval) = 95%, Non-Significant at P > 0.05
5 that there is a risk of the disease spreading to neighbouring countries such as Angola. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Colleagues in the North-West Subdivision of the Directorate of Veterinary Services and the Ondangwa Veterinary Laboratory and Veterinary Central Laboratory in Windhoek are acknowledged for assisting in the sampling and processing of the samples. The Agricultural Research Vol. Issue, () Centre at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute in Pretoria, assisted with the laboratory analysis of the samples, farmers allowed their cattle to be sampled and language services department of the University of South Africa that copy edited the manuscript are gratefully acknowledged. COMPETING INTERESTS There are no competing interests that any of the authors are aware of. REFERENCES Abdullah-Al-Mahmud SHB and AH (2015). Prevalence of theileriosis and babesiosis in cattle in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh. Open Access Res. Artic.2(1): Age I, Soay T, Age B (1996). Farming Animals/ : pastoral farming, possibilities and strategies Atif FA, Khan MS, Muhammad F, Ahmad B (2013). Sero-epidemiology study of Anaplasma marginale among cattle.;23(3): Bock R, Jackson L, de Vos a, Jorgensen W. (2004). Babesiosis of cattle. Parasitology. 129 Suppl(5):S Cammà C., Maseke M., Pascucci I., Di Domenico M., Molini U., Scacchia M. LR. (2012) Investigations on the presence Haemoparasites in cattle of Caprivi strip (Northern Namibia). Mappe Parassitol. Chandrawathani WR, Lye YP (2010). The seroprevalence of bovine babesiosis in Malaysia. Trop. Biomed. 27(2): Coşkun A (2012). Acute phase proteins, clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters in dairy cows aturally infected with Anaplasma Marginale. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 18(3): Ekici OD, Sevinc F (2009). Seroepidemiology Of Babesia Bigemina In Cattle in the Konya province, Turkey: Endemic Status. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy. 53(4): Góes TS, Góes VS, Ribeiro MFB, Gontijo CM (2008). BOVINE BABESIOSIS. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 116(3 4):1 6. Goff WL, Johnson WC, Tuo W, Valdez RA, Parish SM, Barrington GM (2002), et al. Age-related innate immune response in calves to Babesia bovis involves IL-12 induction and IL-10 modulation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 969: Gualito JJM, Neri AF, Aragón JAR, Alarcón GJC, Camacho-Nuez M(2012). Genome and molecular strategies for bovine babesiosis control. Rev Mex Cienc Pecu. 3(Supl 1):51 9. Hangara GN, Teweldemedhin MY, Groenewald IB(2009). Major constraints for cattle productivity and managerial efficiency in communal areas of Omaheke Region, Namibia. Int. J. Agric. Sustain. 9: Jonsson NN, Piper EK, Constantinoiu CC(2014). Host resistance in cattle to infestation with the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Parasite Immunol. 36(11): Kubelová M, Mazancová J, Siroký P(2012). Theileria, Babesia, and Anaplasma detected by PCR in ruminant herds at Bié Province, Angola. Parasite. 19(4): Lemma F, Girma A, Demam D (2015). Prevalence of Bovine Babesiosis in and Around Jimma Town South Western Ethiopia 1. 9(5): Marufu MC(2008). Prevalence of Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Cattle on Communal Rangelands in the Highland Areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Submitt. Partial fulfilment Requir. degree Master Sci. Agric. (Animal Sci. Dep. Livest. Pasture Sci. Fac. Sci. Agric. Mtshali MS, Steyn HC, Mtshali PS, Mbati P a, Kocan KM, Latif A (2013) et al. The detection and characterization of multiple tickborne pathogens in cattle at Ficksburg and Reitz ( Free State Province, South Africa ) using reverse line blot hybridization. 7(8): Muhanguzi D, Picozzi K, Hatendorf J, Thrusfield M, Welburn SC, Kabasa JD et al. (2014) Prevalence and spatial distribution of Theileria parva in cattle under crop-livestock farming systems in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda. Parasit. Vectors. 7:91. OIE. Bovine Babesiosis(2012). Man. Diagnostic Tests Vaccines Terr. Anim.(May):1 15. OIE. (2013) Aetiology Epidemiology Diagnosis Prevention and Control References. Bov. babesisosis Olwoch JM, Reyers B, Engelbrecht F a., Erasmus BFN (2008). Climate change and the tick-borne disease, Theileriosis (East Coast fever) in sub-saharan Africa. J. Arid Environ.72(2): Penzhorn BL. Bovine Babesiosis. Livest. Heal. Manag. Prod. High Impact Dis. Vector-borne Dis. 2015;1 16. Republic of Namibia(2013). National sumary report,. Dir. Vet. Serv. Namibia.(June). Robbins RG (2012). Tick-borne diseases: vector surveillance and control. (26). Sandra Ríos-Tobón, Lina A. Gutiérrez-Builes and LAR-O (2014). Assessing bovine babesiosis in Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus ticks and 3 to 9-month-old cattle in the middle. 34(4): Tembue A a M, Silva FJM, Silva JB, Santos TM, Santos H a., Soares CO, et al. (2011). Risk factors associated with the frequency of antibodies against Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle in Southern Mozambique. Pesqui. Vet. Bras. 31(8): Tschopp R, Aseffa A, Schelling E, Zinsstag J (2010). Farmers Perceptions of Livestock, Agriculture, and Natural Resources in the Rural Ethiopian Highlands. Mt. Res. Dev. 30(4): Veterinary Services of Namibia(2013). National sumary report,. Dir. Vet. Serv. Namibia. 2013;(June). Vos A De, Waal D De (2004). Bovine babesiosis. Infect. Dis. (May):1 15. Zintl A, Gray JS, Skerrett HE, Mulcahy G (2005). Possible mechanisms underlying age-related resistance to bovine babesiosis. Parasite Immunol. p
PREVALENCE OF BABESIOSIS IN SANGA CATTLE IN THE OHANGWENA REGION OF NAMIBIA
PREVALENCE OF BABESIOSIS IN SANGA CATTLE IN THE OHANGWENA REGION OF NAMIBIA by Emmanuel Kamutyatsha Matheus submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the subject
More informationThe role of parasitic diseases as causes of mortality in cattle in a high potential area of central Kenya: a quantitative analysis
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 67: 157-161 (2000) The role of parasitic diseases as causes of mortality in cattle in a high potential area of central Kenya: a quantitative analysis P.W.N.
More informationOIE Collaborating Centre for Training in. Integrated Livestock and Wildlife Health and Management, Onderstepoort. Development of the Centre
OIE Collaborating Centre for Training in Integrated Livestock and Wildlife Health and Management, Onderstepoort Development of the Centre Consortium Partner Institutions Proposal - OIE Collaboration Centre
More informationA sero-epidemiological survey of blood parasites in cattle in the north-eastern Free State, South Africa
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 71:67 75 (2004) A sero-epidemiological survey of blood parasites in cattle in the north-eastern Free State, South Africa M.S. MTSHALI 1 *, D.T. DE WAAL 2 and
More informationOIE Focal Points on Veterinary Products
OIE Focal Points on Veterinary Products Johannesburg, South Africa, 23-26th November 2010 Sharing Knowledge Safeguarding Livestock Improving Livelihoods Blue-prints/ Road Maps Realities Veterinary medicinal
More informationSeroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina infections and associated risk factors in Machakos County, Kenya
Trop Anim Health Prod (2017) 49:265 272 DOI 10.1007/s11250-016-1187-2 REGULAR ARTICLES Seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina infections and associated risk factors in Machakos County,
More informationA survey of tick control methods used by resource-poor farmers in the Qwa-Qwa area of the eastern Free State Province, South Africa
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 72:245 249 (5) A survey of tick control methods used by resource-poor farmers in the Qwa-Qwa area of the eastern Free State Province, South Africa M. HLATSHWAYO*
More informationMolecular diagnosis of Theileria infections in wildlife from Southern Africa ~ implications for accurate diagnosis.
Molecular diagnosis of Theileria infections in wildlife from Southern Africa ~ implications for accurate diagnosis. Ronel Pienaar Parasites Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute
More informationELISA assays for parasitic and tick-borne diseases
ELISA assays for parasitic and tick-borne diseases We are passionate about the health and well-being of humans and animals. Immunodiagnostics from contribute to a global, adequate supply of safe and nutritious
More informationSEROPREVALENCE TO CATTLE BABESIA SPP. INFECTION IN NORTHERN SAMAR ABSTRACT
SEROPREVALENCE TO CATTLE BABESIA SPP. INFECTION IN NORTHERN SAMAR A. Amit College of Ve terina ry Me dicine, U niversi ty of East ern P hi lii ppi nes Cata rman, Nort hern Sam ar ABSTRACT Babesiosis is
More informationReview on status of babesiosis in humans and animals in Iran
Review on status of babesiosis in humans and animals in Iran Mousa Tavassoli, Sepideh Rajabi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Babesiosis is a zoonotic
More informationADDENDUM 4 GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SOP S FOR CATTLE FARMERS.
ADDENDUM 4 GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SOP S FOR CATTLE FARMERS. Explanation of bullet items: First part of item provides the reason or explanation for the action, whereas the second part is a test for
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3
1 Exotic Ticks Amblyomma variegatum Amblyomma hebraeum Rhipicephalus microplus Rhipicephalus annulatus Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Ixodes ricinus 2 Overview Organisms Importance Disease Risks Life Cycle
More informationPrevalence Of Ectoparasites Of Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus ) Slaughtered At Aduwawa Abattior In Benin City, Nigeria
International Journal of Innovative Agriculture & Biology Research 4(3):55-59, July-Sept., 2016 SEAHI PUBLICATIONS, 2016 www.seahipaj.org ISSN:2354-2934 Prevalence Of Ectoparasites Of Goats (Capra aegagrus
More informationComparison of Resistance to Theileria sergenti Infection between Holstein and Japanese Black Cattle under Grazing Conditions
JARQ 31, 19-3 (1997) Comparison of Resistance to Theileria sergenti Infection between Holstein and Japanese Black Cattle under Grazing Conditions Yutaka TERADA* 1, Yoshihiro KARIYA*, Shinichi TERUI* 3,
More informationBLUETONGUE The Netherlands 2006
BLUETONGUE The Netherlands 06 Latitude: North 50 56 29 GD Deventer GD Deventer GD Deventer SCFCAH 28 August 06 Till: 27-08-06, 12:00 hrs 0 Agenda Infected area / holdings Laboratory results Lessons learned
More informationHyalomma impeltatum (Acari: Ixodidae) as a potential vector of malignant theileriosis in sheep in Saudi Arabia
Veterinary Parasitology 99 (2001) 305 309 Hyalomma impeltatum (Acari: Ixodidae) as a potential vector of malignant theileriosis in sheep in Saudi Arabia O.M.E. El-Azazy a,, T.M. El-Metenawy b, H.Y. Wassef
More informationEBA Series FOOTHILL ABORTION UPDATE: PART I: THE TICK
EBA Series FOOTHILL ABORTION UPDATE: PART I: THE TICK Foothill abortion in cattle, also known as Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA), is a condition well known to beef producers who have experienced losses
More informationCONTENTS. FACT SHEET 1: BVD Monitoring & Vaccination in Suckler Herds. FACT SHEET 2: BVD Monitoring & Vaccination - Selling Bulling Heifers
CONTENTS FACT SHEET 1: BVD Monitoring & Vaccination in Suckler Herds FACT SHEET 2: BVD Monitoring & Vaccination - Selling Bulling Heifers FACT SHEET 3: BVD Monitoring & Vaccination - Selling in-calf Heifers
More informationTRYPANOSOMIASIS IN TANZANIA
TDR-IDRC RESEARCH INITIATIVE ON VECTOR BORNE DISEASES IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE FINDINGS FOR POLICY MAKERS TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN TANZANIA THE DISEASE: Trypanosomiasis Predicting vulnerability and improving
More informationCENTRE FOR TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES
CENTRE PROFILE CENTRE FOR TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES The Director Private Bag A130 LILONGWE PHONE: +265 0)111 203227 E-mail : info@cttbd.org www.cttbd.org GENERAL OVERVIEW The African Union Centre for
More informationHow to improve quality of data for monitoring progress of rabies programmes?
How to improve quality of data for monitoring progress of rabies programmes? Dr Rauna Athingo For: 2nd international meeting of the Pan-African Rabies Control Network PARACON,Johannesburg, South Africa,
More informationNIAA Resolutions Bovine Committee
2016-2017 NIAA Resolutions Bovine Committee Mission: To bring the dairy cattle and beef cattle industries together for implementation and development of programs that assure the health and welfare of our
More informationJacques van Rooyen. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria South Africa
Introduction to the Mnisi Community Programme and the latest findings regarding baseline research on ecosystem health, cattle production- and health management at the wildlife/livestock interface within
More informationGLOBAL WARMING AND ANIMAL DISEASE
GLOBAL WARMING AND ANIMAL DISEASE A.J. Wilsmore Eight of the warmest years on record have occurred during the last decade, thereby, superficially at least, seeming to support the concept of imminent climate
More informationTick infestation of Borana cattle in the Borana Province of Ethiopia
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 68:41-45 (2001) Tick infestation of Borana cattle in the Borana Province of Ethiopia A. REGASSA* National Animal Health Research Centre Po. Box 04, Sebeta,
More informationNMR HERDWISE JOHNE S SCREENING PROGRAMME
NMR HERDWISE JOHNE S SCREENING PROGRAMME INFORMATION PACK www.nmr.co.uk NML HerdWise Johne s Screening Programme Contents 1. Introduction 2. What is Johne s Disease? 3. How is Johne s Disease transmitted?
More informationStudy on gross pulmonary lesions in lungs of slaughtered animals and their economic importance in Tigray, Ethiopia
Study on gross pulmonary lesions in lungs of slaughtered animals and their economic importance in Tigray, Ethiopia Gebrehiwot, T., Verma, P.C and Berhanu, H. College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University,
More informationAsian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ISSN (Print) (Online)
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015, 1 (2), 350-358; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v1i2.25629 Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online) www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr Article
More informationAdvanced Interherd Course
Advanced Interherd Course Advanced Interherd Training Course... 2 Mastitis... 2 Seasonal trends in clinical mastitis... 2... 3 Examining clinical mastitis origins... 3... 4 Examining dry period performance
More informationSILAB For Africa a LIMS for African Country and Animal Identification Registration Traceability system
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell Abruzzo e del Molise Teramo ITALY www.izs.it SILAB For Africa a LIMS for African Country and Animal Identification Registration Traceability system Ercole Del
More informationGET YOUR CATTLE PERFORMANCE READY WITH MULTIMIN IMPROVING FERTILITY IN BEEF CATTLE
GET YOUR CATTLE PERFORMANCE READY WITH MULTIMIN IMPROVING FERTILITY IN BEEF CATTLE IMPACT OF CALVING PATTERN UPON PROFITABLITY Heifers and cows cycle every 21 days. This means all breeding females have
More informationTECH NOTE JOINING PERIODS
TECH NOTE JOINING PERIODS Be proactive about Reproduction Performance WHY ARE JOINING PERIODS IMPORTANT TO YOU? This tech note explores optimising calving performance by reducing the duration of mating
More informationEctoparasite Prevalence in Small Ruminant Livestock of Ginir District in Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia Tesfaye Belachew 1 *
Journal of Veterinary Science Volume 1 Issue 1 Research Article Open Access Ectoparasite Prevalence in Small Ruminant Livestock of Ginir District in Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia Tesfaye Belachew
More informationK.B. STEVENS 1 *, A.M. SPICKETT 2, W. VOSLOO 2, 5, D.U. PFEIFFER 1, E. DYASON 3 and B. DU PLESSIS 4
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 74:87 95 (2007) Influence of dipping practices on the seroprevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the foot-and-mouth disease buffer zone adjoining the
More informationSalmonella Dublin: Clinical Challenges and Control
Salmonella Dublin: Clinical Challenges and Control Simon Peek BVSc, MRCVS PhD, DACVIM, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine Advancing animal and human health with science and compassion
More informationVIKRANK Customized index
VIKRANK Customized index VIKRANK - VikingGenetics customized Ranking To help farmers select the right bulls for their herd depending on their own wishes and breeding goals, VikingGenetics has developed
More informationTREATMENT OF ANOESTRUS IN DAIRY CATTLE R. W. HEWETSON*
TREATMENT OF ANOESTRUS IN DAIRY CATTLE R. W. HEWETSON* Summary Six priming doses of 40 mg progesterone at two day intervals followed by 1,000 I.U. P.M.S. were superior to two priming doses plus P.M.S.
More informationThe tick-borne diseases are still closely related THEILERIA, BABESIA, AND ANAPLASMA DETECTED BY PCR IN RUMINANT HERDS INTRODUCTION
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction
More informationPrevalence of some parasitic helminths among slaughtered ruminants in Kirkuk slaughter house, Kirkuk, Iraq
Prevalence of some parasitic helminths among slaughtered ruminants in Kirkuk slaughter house, Kirkuk, Iraq M. A. Kadir*, S. A. Rasheed** *College of Medicine, Tikrit, Iraq, **Technical Institute, Kirkuk,
More informationUse of Cattle Movement Data and Epidemiological Modeling to Improve Bovine Tuberculosis Risk-based Surveillance
Use of Cattle Movement Data and Epidemiological Modeling to Improve Bovine Tuberculosis Risk-based Surveillance Scott Wells College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota Minnesota Bovine TB, 2005-2009
More informationEstimating the Cost of Disease in The Vital 90 TM Days
Estimating the Cost of Disease in The Vital 90 TM Days KDDC Young Dairy Producers Meeting Bowling Green, KY February 21, 2017 Michael Overton, DVM, MPVM Elanco Knowledge Solutions Dairy moverton@elanco.com
More informationDiseases of Concern: BVD and Trichomoniasis. Robert Mortimer, DVM Russell Daly, DVM Colorado State University South Dakota State University
Diseases of Concern: BVD and Trichomoniasis Robert Mortimer, DVM Russell Daly, DVM Colorado State University South Dakota State University The Epidemiologic Triad Host Management Agent Environment Trichomoniasis
More informationBovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) Why should you test your herd, or additions to your herd? Answer: BVD has been shown to cause lower pregnancy rates, increased abortions, higher calf morbidity and mortality;
More informationResearch Article Detection of Amitraz Resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from SBS Nagar, Punjab, India
e Scientific World Journal, Article ID 594398, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/594398 Research Article Detection of Amitraz Resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from SBS Nagar, Punjab,
More informationLike to see more lambs?
Like to see more lambs? Ovastim can help you increase your profitability The sale of lambs constitutes 7% of gross income in second cross lamb enterprises, and over 5% of gross income in first cross enterprises
More informationSurveillance. Mariano Ramos Chargé de Mission OIE Programmes Department
Mariano Ramos Chargé de Mission OIE Programmes Department Surveillance Regional Table Top Exercise for Countries of Middle East and North Africa Tunisia; 11 13 July 2017 Agenda Key definitions and criteria
More informationRural Poultry Keeping in South Gezira, Sudan
Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 35 (3): 569-580 (2012) TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Journal homepage: http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/ Rural Poultry Keeping in South Gezira, Sudan Sayda, A. M. Ali 1 *,
More informationsanguineus, in a population of
BVA Student Travel Grant Final Report Prevalence of the Brown Dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, in a population of dogs in Zanzibar, and its role as a vector of canine tickborne disease. Bethan Warner
More informationDr Sumathy Puvanendiran, BVSc,M.Phil,PhD(USA) Veterinary Research Officer Dept of Animal Production & Health Sri Lanka
Dr Sumathy Puvanendiran, BVSc,M.Phil,PhD(USA) Veterinary Research Officer Dept of Animal Production & Health Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Island in Indian Ocean, land extent-64,000sq km, 9 provinces and 25 districts
More informationPREVALENCE OF BORDER DISEASE VIRUS ANTIBODIES AMONG NATIVE AND IMPORTED SHEEP HERDS IN ZABOL. Sari-Iran.
PREVALENCE OF BORDER DISEASE VIRUS ANTIBODIES AMONG NATIVE AND IMPORTED SHEEP HERDS IN ZABOL B. Shohreh 1, M.R. Hajinejad 2, S. Yousefi 1 1 Department of Animal Sciences Sari University of Agricultural
More informationFranck Berthe Head of Animal Health and Welfare Unit (AHAW)
EFSA s information meeting: identification of welfare indicators for monitoring procedures at slaughterhouses Parma, 30/01/2013 The role of EFSA in Animal Welfare Activities of the AHAW Unit Franck Berthe
More informationSetting the Thresholds of Potential Concern for Bovine Tuberculosis
Setting the Thresholds of Potential Concern for Bovine Tuberculosis Rationale Mycobacterium bovis is considered to be an alien organism within African ecosystems. In the Kruger National Park the disease
More informationEconomic Review of Transition Cow Management
Economic Review of Transition Cow Management John Fetrow VMD, MBA, DSc (hon) Emeritus Professor of Dairy Production Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota This presentation is
More informationDepartment of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi 2
Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr (2012) 60. 413-419 413 RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS OF CATTLE IN NAKURU AND MUKURWEINI DISTRICTS OF KENYA 1 *, Gitau G K 2, Kitala P M 1,
More informationA participatory approach to assessing the impact of a community-based animal health project with Maasai communities in Tanzania
4 A participatory approach to assessing the impact of a community-based animal health project with Maasai communities in Tanzania by STEVEN NALITOLELA and ROB ALLPORT Figure 1: Sketch map of Simanjiro
More informationPrevalence of Liver Fluke in Sheep and Goat Slaughtered at Abattoirs in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Prevalence of Liver Fluke in Sheep and Goat Slaughtered at Abattoirs in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria Rafindadi, M. N. Yusuf, Z. H. ABSTRACT A survey on the prevalence of liver fluke in sheep and goat slaughtered
More informationJ. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2015
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 6, No. 4, p. 412-417, 2015 http://www.innspub.net RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Elucidation of cow
More informationDAIRY VETERINARY NEWSLETTER
DAIRY VETERINARY NEWSLETTER March 2009 Results of Statewide Surveillance for Mycoplasma Mastitis in Utah Herd Level Prevalence and Characteristics of Infected Dairy Herds The analyses are completed from
More informationRisk assessment of the re-emergence of bovine brucellosis/tuberculosis
Risk assessment of the re-emergence of bovine brucellosis/tuberculosis C. Saegerman, S. Porter, M.-F. Humblet Brussels, 17 October, 2008 Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to veterinary
More informationAWARENESS OF FARMERS REGARDING HYGIENIC HANDLING OF THEIR CATTLE TO PREVENT ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Explor Anim Med Res, Vol.5, Issue - 2, 2015, p. 207-212 ISSN 2277-470X (Print), ISSN 2319-247X (Online) Website: www.animalmedicalresearch.org Research Article AWARENESS OF FARMERS REGARDING HYGIENIC HANDLING
More information// Background Objectives Parasite Meat self sufficient To identify types and prevalence of endo parasites that infect beef cattle on farms in rural ar
// OUTLIE OF PRESETATIO RECET STUDIES OF PARASITIC IFECTIO OF RUMIATS I BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UIVERSITY ITRODUCTIO STUDI O THE PREVALECE AD RISK FACTORS OF EDOPARASITE IFECTIOS I SMALL HOLDER BEEF CATTLE
More informationA LABORATORY NETWORK FOR DIAGNOSTIC OF CAMELIDS DISEASES
A LABORATORY NETWORK FOR DIAGNOSTIC OF CAMELIDS DISEASES M. EL HARRAK Chair of OIE ad hoc Group on Camelids Diseases Biopharma Lab BP 4569 Rabat Morocco CAMELIDS FAMILY Dromadary Camel Bactrian Camel Lama
More informationOutcome of the Conference Towards the elimination of rabies in Eurasia Joint OIE/WHO/EU Conference
Outcome of the Conference Towards the elimination of rabies in Eurasia Joint OIE/WHO/EU Conference WHO (HQ-MZCP) / OIE Inter-country Workshop on Dog and Wildlife Rabies Control in the Middle East 23-25
More informationAlbania Inception workshop of the project
Albania Inception workshop of the project African Swine Fever emergency preparedness in the Balkans (TCP/RER/3704) Belgrade, Serbia 18-21 February 2019 ational Veterinary organization Organigram of the
More informationboth are fatal diseases. In babesiosis blood comes out with the urine and hence it is also known as Red water disease. Theileria vaccines are not
1.1 INTRODUCTION Animal husbandry plays an important role in Indian agriculture. Indians by large are vegetarian and as such the only source of animal protein is milk and milk products. With the increasing
More informationFACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY M.Sc. AND Ph.D. DEGREE PROGRAMMES The postgraduate programmes of the Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology
More informationPractical Biosecurity and Biocontainment on the Ranch
Practical Biosecurity and Biocontainment on the Ranch Ranch Practicum 2017 Dale Grotelueschen, DVM, MS Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center Clay Center, NE Preventive Health Strategies Proactive
More informationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH
ejpmr, 2018,5(6), 642-646 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH www.ejpmr.com SJIF Impact Factor 4.897 Research Article ISSN 2394-3211 EJPMR KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE (KAP) ASSOCIATED
More informationLumpy-skin disease. a disease of socio-economic importance. Knopvelsiekte (Afrikaans) Letlalo la goba le diso (Sotho) Lindsay Thomas
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURE Lumpy-skin disease a disease of socio-economic importance Knopvelsiekte (Afrikaans) Letlalo la goba le diso (Sotho) Lindsay Thomas 2002 Compiled by ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary
More informationUNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI SURVEY OF SPECIES OF TICKS INFESTING CATTLE ON KANYARIRI VETERINARY FARM, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI SURVEY OF SPECIES OF TICKS INFESTING CATTLE ON KANYARIRI VETERINARY FARM, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree
More informationMandate of OIE Reference Centres Capacity Building Support and Networking
1/ 76 30mn Mandate of OIE Reference Centres Capacity Building Support and Networking Regional Seminar on the OIE Laboratory Twinning Programme: Concepts and Perspectives Johannesburg, South Africa, 9-10
More information1. Babesia bigemina. 2. Anaplasma marginale. 3. Theileria orientalis. 4. Trypanosoma evansi. Vector: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.
1. Babesia bigemina. Vector: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. 2. Anaplasma marginale. Vector: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. 3. Theileria orientalis. Vector: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.
More informationRole of Veterinary Para Professional in Africa 13 October 2015 SOUTH AFRICAN TESTIMONY DR S MBIZENI 13 OCTOBER 2015
Role of Veterinary Para Professional in Africa 13 October 2015 SOUTH AFRICAN TESTIMONY DR S MBIZENI 13 OCTOBER 2015 Introduction o South Africa, is a country located at the tip of Africa: o Divided into
More informationSeasonal Dynamics and Distribution of Ticks in Rwanda: Implications for Tick Control Strategy in Rwanda
International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2(1): 21-25, 2010 ISSN: 2041-2908 Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2009 Submitted Date: August 31, 2009 Accepted Date: November 14, 2009 Published
More informationCase Study: Dairy farm reaps benefits from milk analysis technology
Case Study: Dairy farm reaps benefits from milk analysis technology MARCH PETER AND SHELIA COX became the first dairy farmers in the UK to install a new advanced milk analysis tool. Since installing Herd
More informationAdoption of Veterinary Technologies Amongst Sheep and Goat Farmers in Qwawqa, South Africa. W.T. Nell, L. Schwalbach
Adoption of Veterinary Technologies Amongst Sheep and Goat Farmers in Qwawqa, South Africa W.T. Nell, L. Schwalbach Paper prepared for presentation at the 13 th International Farm Management Congress,
More informationMulti- sectoral strategy for brucellosis control in peri- urban dairy production zones of West and Central Africa
Multi- sectoral strategy for brucellosis control in peri- urban dairy production zones of West and Central Africa DAKAR 15-18 June 2015 Project sponsors and partners This project is supported by a grant
More informationAMENDMENTS EN United in diversity EN. PE v
EUROPEAN PARLIAMT 2009-2014 Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development 24.3.2011 PE460.961v02 AMDMTS 1-55 Paolo De Castro on behalf of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development (PE458.589v02)
More informationPrevalence of Wounds and Associated Risk Factors in Working Equines in Jimma Town of Oromia Region, South-Western Ethiopia
Academic Journal of Animal Diseases 6(2): 23-29, 2017 ISSN 2079-200X IDOSI Publications, 2017 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ajad.2017.23.29 Prevalence of Wounds and Associated Risk Factors in Working Equines in Jimma
More informationEffects of Late-Summer Protein Supplementation and Deworming on Performance of Beef Calves Grazing Native Range
Effects of Late-Summer Protein Supplementation and Deworming on Performance of Beef Calves Grazing Native Range D.L. Lalman, J.G. Kirkpatrick, D.E. Williams, and J.D. Steele Story in Brief The objective
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 7, No 1, 2018,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 7, No 1, 2018, 116 120 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) A SLAUGHTER HOUSE REPORT OF OESOPHAGOSTOMOSIS IN GOAT Amit Gamit Navsari Agricultural
More informationCHALLENGES FACED BY AH SECTOR AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
CHALLENGES FACED BY AH SECTOR AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE Dr Suresh Honnappagol Animal Husbandry Commissioner Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Krishi Bhawan, New
More informationA Review on the Diagnostic and Control Challenges of Major Tick-Borne Haemoparasite Diseases of Cattle
A Review on the Diagnostic and Control Challenges of Major Tick-Borne Haemoparasite Diseases of Cattle Eyob Eshetu School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia Corresponding Authors
More informationRELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEIGHTS AND CALVING PERFORMANCE OF HEIFERS IN A HERD OF UNSELECTED CATTLE
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEIGHTS AND CALVING PERFORMANCE OF HEIFERS IN A HERD OF UNSELECTED CATTLE T. C. NELSEN, R. E. SHORT, J. J. URICK and W. L. REYNOLDS1, USA SUMMARY Two important traits of a productive
More informationEmerging Bovine Health Issues. February 2019 MREC-Minneapolis Brandon Treichler, DVM
Emerging Bovine Health Issues February 2019 MREC-Minneapolis Brandon Treichler, DVM Bovine Tuberculosis Bovine Leukemia Virus- BLV Annual economic losses to the US dairy industry are estimated to be $285
More informationof Conferences of OIE Regional Commissions organised since 1 June 2013 endorsed by the Assembly of the OIE on 29 May 2014
of Conferences of OIE Regional Commissions organised since 1 June 2013 endorsed by the Assembly of the OIE on 29 May 2014 2 12 th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission for the Middle East Amman (Jordan),
More informationVETERINARY SERVICES ARE A WORKING COMMUNITY WHICH, IN EVERY COUNTRY OF THE WORLD, PROTECTS THE HEALTH AND WELFARE OF ANIMALS.
VETERINARY SERVICES WHAT THEY?... ARE ABOVE ALL VETERINARY SERVICES ARE A WORKING COMMUNITY WHICH, IN EVERY COUNTRY OF THE WORLD, PROTECTS THE HEALTH AND WELFARE OF ANIMALS. This community primarily comprises
More informationG.A. TICE 1, N.R. BRYSON 2 *, C.G. STEWART 2, B. DU PLESSIS 3 and D.T. DE WAAL 4
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 65:169-175 ( 1998) The absence of clinical disease in cattle in communal grazing areas where farmers are changing from an intensive dipping programme to one
More informationEcto-parasites such as ticks and mites transmit
Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 48(2), pp. 563-567, 2016. Epidemiological Aspects of Bovine Tick Infestation in the River Ravi Region, Lahore Sadaqat Ali, 1 Muhammad Ijaz, 2* Aneela Zameer Durrani, 2 Azhar Maqbool,
More informationClinical management of an outbreak of Babesiosis in a herd of cattle: A Case Report
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-issn: 2319-2380, p-issn: 2319-2372. Volume 4, Issue 4 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 78-83 Clinical management of an outbreak of Babesiosis in a
More informationSurveillance of animal brucellosis
Surveillance of animal brucellosis Assoc.Prof.Dr. Theera Rukkwamsuk Department of large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Review of the epidemiology
More informationTicks and tick-borne pathogens Jordi Tarrés-Call, Scientific Officer of the AHAW unit
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens Jordi Tarrés-Call, Scientific Officer of the AHAW unit Antwerp, June 2 nd 2010 1 The role of EFSA! To assess and communicate all risks associated with the food chain! We
More informationSouth West Fertility Field Day. May 2015
South West Fertility Field Day May 2015 Introduction Introduce yourself How do you think fertility is going? What are you hoping to get out of today? Aims Why should I collect data? How can I use it to
More informationThe surveillance programme for bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) in Norway 2016
Annual Report The surveillance programme for bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) in Norway 2016 Norwegian Veterinary Institute The surveillance programme for bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) in Norway 2016 Content
More informationBreak Free from BVD. What is BVD? BVD outbreak in 2013/ cow dairy herd in Staffordshire. Costs Calculation Costs*
Break Free from BVD Poor growth rates, calf mortality, youngstock pneumonia, poor conception rates and abortions can all highlight an underlying Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) infection in your herd. BVD
More informationAnalysis of the economics of poultry egg production in Khartoum State, Sudan
International Scholars Journals African Journal of Poultry Farming ISSN 2375-0863 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 097-102, November, 2015. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org International Scholars
More informationAARJMD VOLUME 1 ISSUE 19 (MARCH 2014) ISSN : A Peer Reviewed International Journal of Asian Academic Research Associates AARJMD
A Peer Reviewed International Journal of Asian Academic Research Associates AARJMD ASIAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERCENTAGE PREVALENCE OF EIMERIAN SPECIES IN AWASSI SHEEP IN NORTHERN
More informationEradication of Johne's disease from a heavily infected herd in 12 months
Eradication of Johne's disease from a heavily infected herd in 12 months M.T. Collins and E.J.B. Manning School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison Presented at the 1998 annual meeting
More informationRelative effectiveness of Irish factories in the surveillance of slaughtered cattle for visible lesions of tuberculosis,
Iris Tréidliachta Éireann SHORT REPORT Open Access Relative effectiveness of Irish factories in the surveillance of slaughtered cattle for visible lesions of tuberculosis, 2005-2007 Francisco Olea-Popelka
More information