NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MAMMALIA OF INDIA AND CEYLON. ROBERT A. STERNDALE, F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., &C.
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1 NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MAMMALIA OF INDIA AND CEYLON BY ROBERT A STERNDALE, FRGS, FZS, &C AUTHOR OF "THE DENIZENS OF THE JUNGLE;" "THE AFGHAN KNIFE;" "SEONEE, OR CAMP LIFE IN THE SATPURA RANGE," ETC WITH 170 ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE AUTHOR, T W AND OTHERS WOOD, CALCUTTA: THACKER, SPINK, AND CO BOMBAY : THACKER AND CO, LIMITED 1884 LONDON : W THACKER AND CO
2 NO INTRODUCTION PACE ORDER BIMANA 3 ORDER QUADRUMANA 7 Genus Hylobates The Gibbons 1 Hylobates hooluck (White-fronted Gibbon) 8 2 lar {White-handed Gibbon) 11 3 syndactylies (Siamang) 1 2 Genus Presbytes Cuvier's Genus Semnopithecus 4 Semnopithecus vel Presbytes entellus (Bengal Langur) 14 5 vel P schistaceus (Himalayan Langur) 16 6 net P priamus (Madras Langur) 16 7 vel P johnii {Malabar Langur) 17 8 vel P jubatus (Nilgheri Langur) 18 9 vel P pileatus {Capped Langur) 18 10, vel P Barbei {Tipperah Langur) vel P Phayrei {Silvery-Leaf Monkey) vel P obscurus (Dusky-Leaf Monkey) vel P cephalopterus (1Ceylon Langur) vel P ursinus {Great Wandtni) vel P thersites vel P albinus (White Langur) 2 3 SUB-FAMILY PAPIONIN/E 24 Genus Inuus 17 Inuus vel Macacus silenus (Lion Monkey) vel M rhesus (Bengal Monkey) vel M pelops {Hill Monkey), vel M nemestrinus (Pig-tailed Monkey) ' vel M leoninus {Long-haired Pig-tailed Monkey) vel M arctoides (Brown Stump-tailed Monkey) vel M Thibetanus (Thibetan Stump-tailed Monkey) 28 Genus Macacus 24 Macacus radiatus (Madras Monkey) pileatus (Capped Monkey) cynomolgus (1Crab-eating Macacque) carbonarius (Black-faced Crab-eating Monkey) 31 I
3 xii NO PACE FAMILY LEMURID -31 Genus Nycticebus 28 Nycticebus tardigradus {Slow-paced Lemur) 31 Genus Loris 29 Loris gracilis (Slender Lemur) 33 SUB-ORDER PLEUROPTERA FAMILY GAL«OPITHECIDVE Galseopithecus volans (Flying Lemur) 3 4 ORDER CARNARIA 35 CHEIROPTERA 35 MEGACHIROPTERA SUB-FAMILY PTEROPODID^E 36 Genus Pteropus 31 Pteropus Edwardsii vel medius (Common Flying Fox) Leschenaultii (Cynonycteris amplexicaudata) (Fulvous Fox-Bat) 4 0 Genus Cynopterus 33 Cynopterus marginatus (Small Fox-Bat) Macroglossus (Pteropus) minimus (Tenasserim Fox-Bat) 41 Genus Eonycteris 35 Eonycteris spelsea 41 MICROCHIROPTERA SUB-FAMILY VAMPYRID^E 42 Genus Megaderma 36 Megaderma lyra (Large-eared Vampire Bat) 37 spectrum (Cashmere Vampire) spasma 43 RHINOLOPHIJf/E 44 Genus Rhinolophus 39 Rhinolophus perniger vel luctus (Large Leaf-Bat) mitratus (Mitred Leaf-Bat) tragatus vel ferrum-equinum (Dark-brown Leaf-Bat) Pearsonii (Pearson's Leaf-Bat) affinis (Allied Leaf-Bat) rouxi (Rufous Leaf-Bat) macrotis (Large-eared Leaf-Bat) sub-badius (Bay Leaf-Bat) rammanika Andamanensis minor ccelophyllus 48
4 xiii Genus Hipposideros vel Phyllorhina 54 Hipposideros armiger (Large Horse-shoe Bat) 55 speoris (Indian Horse-slioe Bat) 56 murinus (Little Horse-slioe Bat) 57 cineraceus (Ashy Horse-shoe Bat) 58 larvatus 59 vulgaris (Common Malayan Horse-shoe Bat) 60 Blythii 61 Phyllorhina diadema Masoni Nicobarensis armigera leptophylla galerita bicolor Genus Coelops 68 Coelops Frithii {Frith's Tailless Bat) Genus Rhinopoma 69 Rhinopoma Hardxvickii {Hard-Mick's Long-tailed Leaf-Bat) SUB-FAMILY NOCTILIOXID/E Genus Taphozous 70 Taphozous longimanus (Long-armed Bat) melanopogon (Black-bearded Bat) saccolaimus (White-bellied Bat) T h e o b a l d i K a c h h e n s i s Genus Nyctinomus 75 Nyctinomus plicatus {Wrinkle-lippedBat) 76 tragatus SUB-FAMILY VESPERTILIONID/E Genus Plecotus 77 Plecotus auritus vel homochrous 51 Rhinolophus Garoensis Petersii S3- trifoliatus Genus Vesperugo 78 Vesperugo noctula 79- leucotis 80 maurus 81 affinis i
5 xiv NO PAGR 82 Vesperugo pachyotis atratus Tickelli pachypus annectans dormeri (Vesperugo) Scotophilus serotinus {Silky Bat) Leisleri (Hairy-armed Bat) 64 S c o t o p h i l u s p a c h y o m u s (Vesperugo) Scotophilus Coromandelianus (Coromandel Bat) lobatus (Lobe-eared Bat) 65 Genus Scotophilus 92 Scotophilus fulginosus (Smoky Bat) Temminckii Heathii emarginatus o r n a t u s pallidus 67 Noctulinia nocula -67 Nycticejus Heathii {Large Yellow Bat) 6 7 luteus (Bengal Yellow Bat) 6 7 Temminckii (Common Yellow Bat) 6 7 castaneus {Chestnut Bat) 6 7 atratus {Sombre Bat) 6 7 canus {Hoary Bat) 6 7 ornatus {Harlequin Bat) nivicolus {A Ipine Bat) 6 8 Genus Harpiocephalus 99 Harpiocephalus harpia (Murina) suillus {The Pig-Bat) auratus griseus leucogaster cyclotis 70 Genus Kerivoula 105 Kerivoula picta {Painted Bat) 71 p a l l i d a papillosa Hardwickii 72 Genus Vespertilio 108 Myotis (Vespertilio) murinus Theobaldi parvipes 73 in Vespertilio longipes mystacinus 73
6 xv 113 Vespertilio muricola 114 montivagus 115 murinoides no formosus 117 Nepalensis 118 emarginatus Genus Miniopterus 119 Miniopterus Schreibersii Genus Barbastellus 120 Barbastellus communis 121 Nyctophilus Geoffroyi INSECTIVORA FAMILY TALPID^E THE MOLES 122 Talpa micrura {Short-tailed Mole) 123 macrura (Long-tailed Mole) 124 leucura {White-tailed Mole) FAMILY SORECID/E Genus Sorex 125 Sorex caerulescens (1Common Musk Shrew, better known M u s k - r a t ) 126 murinus {Mouse-coloured Shrew) 127 nemorivagus (Nepal Wood Shrew) 128 serpentarius (Rufescent Shrew) 129 saturatior (Dark-brown Shrew) 130 Tytleri (Dehra Shrew) 131 niger (Neilgherry Wood Shrew) 132 leucops (Long-tailed Shrew) 133- >i soccatus (Hairy-footed Shrew) 134 montanus (Ceylon Black Shrew) 135 ferrugineus (Ceylon Rufescent Shrew) 136 Griffithi (Large Black Shrew) 137 heterodon Genus Feroculus 138 Feroculus macropus (Large-footed Shrew) 139 Sorex Hodgsoni (Nepal Pigmy-Shrew) 140 Perroteti (Neilgherry Pigmy-Shrew) 141 micronyx (Small-clawed Pigmy Shrew) 142 melanodon (Black-toothed Pigmy-Shrew) 143 nudipes (Naked-footed Shrew) 144 atratus (Black Pigmy-Shrew) as PACE Sub-genus Soriculus 145 Soriculus nigrescens (Mouse-tailed Shrew) 90 76
7 xvi NO, Genus Crossopus 146 Crossopus Himalaicus (Himalayan Water-Shrew) 90 Genus Nyctogale 147 Nyctogale elegans (Thibet Water-Shrew) Genus Corsira 148 Corsira Alpina (Alpine Shrew) Genus Anurosorex 149 Anurosorex Assamensis (Assam Burrowing Shrew) 93 FAMILY ERINACEID/E 'THE HEDGEHOGS 93 Genus Erinaceus 150 Erinaceus collaris (Collared Hedgehog) micropus (Small-footed Hedgehog) pictus (Painted Hedgehog) 1 97 '53- J Grayi Blanfordi ,, J e r d o n i megalotis (Large-eared Hedgehog 9 8 PACE FAMILY HYLOMID^E 99 Genus Hylomys 157 Hylomys Peguensis (Short-tailed Tree-Shrew) FAMILY TUPAIID/E 99 Genus Tupaia 158 Tupaia Ellioti (Elliofs Tree-Slirew) , Peguana vel Belangeri (Pegu Tree-Shrew) ,, C h i n e n s i s N i c o b a r i c a Gymnura Rafflesii (Bitlait) CARNIVORA 105 ARCTOIDEA PLANTIGRADA 108 Ursidae 163 Ursus Isabellinus (Himalayan Brown Bear) (Helarctos) torquatus vel Tibetanus (Himalayan Black Bear) (Helarctos) gedrosianus (Baluchistan Bear) Malayanus (Bruang or Malayan Sun Bear) (Melursus) labiatus (Common Indian Sloth Bear)
8 xvii KO PAGE AJLURID*: 123 Genus Ailuropus 168 Ailuropus melanoleucos 124 Genus Ailurus 169 Ailurus fulgens (Red Cat-Bear) 128 SEMI-PLANTIGRADES 130 MELIDIDJE ; OR, BADGER-LIKE ANIMALS 130 Genus Arctonyx 170 Arctonyx collaris (Hog-Badger) 171 taxoides (Assam Badger) Genus Meles (Sub-genus Taxidia) 172 Meles (Taxidia) leucurus (Thibetan White-tailed Badger) albogularis (White-throated Thibetan Badger) 134 Genus Mellivora 174 Mellivora Indica (Indian Ratel or Honey-Badger) 134 Genus Gulo The Glutton or Wolverene 136 Genus Helictis 175 Helictis Nipalensis (Nepal Wolverene) 176 moschata (Chinese Wolverene) MUSTELID/E MARTENS AND WEASELS 139 Genus Martes The Martens 177 Martes flavigula (White-cheeked Marten) abietum (Pine Marten) toufceus 143 Genus Mustek The Weasels 180 Mustela (Vison: Gray) sub-hemachalana (Sub-Heniachal Weasel) (Gymnopus: Gray) kathiah (Yellow-bellied Weasel) strigidorsa (Striped Weasel) erminea (Ermine or Stoat) (Vison: Gray) canigula(hoary Red-necked Weasel) stoliczkana (Vison) sibirica alpina (Alpine Weasel) Hodgsoni 147 1S9 (Vison) Horsfieldi (Gvmnopus) nudipes 148 Genus Putorius The Pole-cat 191 Putorius larvatus vel Tibetanus (Black-faced Thibetan Polecat) 149 b
9 xviii NO PACE 192 Putorius Davidianus astutus Moupinensis 150 Lutridae The Otters 195 Lutra nair (Common Indian Otter) monticola vel simung Ellioti aurobrunnea 155 Genus Aonyx Clawless Otters 199 Aonyx leptonyx (Clawless Otter) 156 JELUROIDEA 156 Felidas The Cat Family 200 Felis 1 eo (Lion) 201 tigris (Tiger) THE PARDS OR PANTHERS Felis pardus (Pard) panthera (Panther) uncia (Ounce or Snow Panther) 1S4 205 Diardii vel macrocelis (Clouded Panther) viverrina (Large Tiger-Cat) marmorata (Marbled Tiger-Cat) ,, Bengalensis (Leopard-Cat) Jerdoni (Lesser Leopard-Cat) aurata (Bay Cat) rubiginosa (Rusty-spotted Cat) torquata (Spotted Wild-Cat) manul (Black-chested Wild-Cat) scripta Shawiana (Yarkand Spotted Wild-Cat) chaus (Common Jungle-Cat) isabellina (Thibetan Lynx) caracal (Red Lynx) jubata (Hunting Leopard) 200 HYJENIDJE THE HY/ENAS Hyaena striata (Striped Hycena) 205 VIVERRID^E THE CIVET FAMILY 207 Genus Viverra 221 Viverra zibetha (Large Civet Cat) 222 civettina (Malabar Civet-Cat) megaspila 209 Malaccensis (Lesser Civet-Cat) 211
10 xix NO PAGE Genus Prionodon 225 Prionodon pardicolor (Tiger Civet or Linsang) maculosus (Spotted Linsang) gracilis (Malayan Linsang) 215 Genus Paradoxurus The Musangs 228 Paradoxurus musanga (Common Musang) (Paguma of Gray) Grayii (Hill Musang) bondar (Terai Musang) trivirgatus (Three-striped Musang) leucotis (White-eared Musang) zeylanicus (Golden Musang) (Paguma) laniger 220 Genus Arctictis 235 Arctictis binturong (Binturong) 221 HERPESTID/E 'THE ICHNEUMON OR MUNGOOSE FAMILY 222 Genus Herpestes 236 Herpestes pallidus vel griseus (Common Grey Mungoose) Jerdoni vel monticolus (Long-tailed Mungoose) Smithii (Ruddy Mungoose) auropunctatus (Gold-speckled Mungoose) fuscus (Neilglierry Brown Mungoose) (Onychogale of Gray) Maccarthias ferrugineus vitticollis (Striped-tucked Mungoose) Urea cancrivora (Crab-eating Mungoose) CYXOIDEA 228 Genus Canis The Dog 245 Canis pallipes (Indian Wolf) laniger (Lupus chanco of Gray) (Thibetan Wolf) lupus (European Wolf) aureus (Jackal) 237 Genus Cuon 249 Canis (Cuon) rutilans (Indian Wild Dog) Genus Vulpes 250 Vulpes Bengalensis (Indian Fox) leucopus (Desert Fox) ferrilatus (Thibetan Grey Fox) montanus (Hill Fox) pusillus (Punjab Fox) flavescens (Persian Fox) Griffithii (Afghanistan Fox) 246 b
11 XX NO PACE MAHINE CARNIVORA 246 ORDER CETACEA THE WHALES 247 Denticete The Toothed Whales 248 FAMILY DELPHINID;E THE DOLPHINS OR PORPOISES 250 Genus Platanista The River Dolphins 257 Platanista Gangetica {Gaugetic Porpoise) -251 Genus Orcella The Round-headed River Dolphins 25S Orcella brevirostris {Short-nosed Round-headed River Dolphin) fluminalis (Fresh-water Round-headed Dolphin) 255 Genus Delphinus The Marine Dolphins 260 Delphinus perniger (Black Dolphin) plumbeus {Lead-coloured Dolphin) gadamu , lentiginosus (Freckled Dolphin) maculiventer (Spot-bellied Dolphin) fusiformis (Spindle-shaped Dolphin) pomeegra (Black or Pomeegra Dolphin) longirostris (Long-snouted Dolphin) velox 260 Genus Phocsena The Porpoises 263 Genus Globicephalus The Ca'ing or Pilot Whale 269 Globicephalus Indicus (Indian Ca'ing Whale) 261 PHYSETERID/E THE CACHELOTS OR SPERM WHALES 261 Genus Euphysetes 270 Physeter or Euphysetes simus {Snub-nosed Cachelot) 261 MYSTICETE WHALEBONE OR BALEEN WHALES 262 Genus Balsena The Right Whales 262 Genus Balsenoptera Finback Whales or Rorquals 271 Balsenoptera Indica {Indian Rorqual) SIRENIA THE MANATEES 267 Genus Halicore The Dugong 272 Halicore dugong {Dugong) ORDER RODENTIA THE GNAWERS 269 SUB-ORDER SIMPL1CIDENTATA SIMPLE-TOOTHED RODENTS 272 SCIUKOMORPHA 273
12 xxi SCIURID/E 1 THE SQUIRRELS Genus Sciurus 273- Sciurus Indicus {Bombay Squirrel of Pennant) 274» 275- v 276 }> 277 J) 278!) 279 a 280 S) 281 3) 282 a 2S n 285 a 286 )i 287 a ioo> a 289 i) 290 V JJ 293- t) 294 ft 295- }> Genus Pteromys maximus (icentral Indian Red Squirrel) macrourus (Long-tailed Forest Squirrel) giganteus (Black Hill Squirrel) lokriah (Orange-bellied Grey Squirrel) lokroides (Hoary-bellied Grey Squirrel) p y g e r y t h r u s caniceps (Golden-backed Squirrel) Phayrei (Laterally-banded or Phay re's Squirrel) Blanfordii (Stanford's Squirrel) atrodorsalis (Black-backed Squirrel) erythrssus (Assam Red-bellied Squirrel) Gordoni (Gordon's Squirrel) hippurus (Chestnut-bellied Assam Squirrel) Sladeni (Sladen's Squirrel) ferrugineus (Rusty-coloured Squirrel) palmarum (Common Indian Ground Squirrel) tristriatus (Three-striped Ground-Squirrel) Layardi (Layard's Striped Ground-Squirrel) sublineatus (Dusky-striped Ground-Squirrel) McClellandi (McClelland's Ground-Squirrel) Berdmorei {Berdmore's Ground-Squirret) quinquestriatus (Stripe-bellied Squirrel) (Rhinosciurus) tupaiodes (Long-nosed Squirrel) 297 Pteromys oral (Brown Flying Squirrel) 298 cineraceus (Ashy Flying Squirrel) 299 Yunnanensis (Yunnan Flying Squirrel) 300 melanopterus (Black-flanked Flying Squirrel) 301 alborufus (Red and White Flying Squirrel) 302 magnificus (Red-bellied Flying Squirrel) 303 albiventer (White-bellied Flying Squirrel) 304 caniceps (Grey-headed Flying Squirrel) 305 Pearsonii (Hairy-footed Flying Squirrel) 306 fuscocapillus (Small Travancore Flying Squirrel) 307 fimbriatus (Grey Flying Squirrel) 308 alboniger (Black and White Flying Squirrel) 309 spadiceus (Red Flying Squirrel) Genus Arctomys ARCTOMYDIN/E THE MARMOTS 310 Arctomys bobac (Bobac, or Poland Marmot) caudatus (Red Marmot) 3«2 Hemachalanus (Eastern Red Marmot) FACE
13 xxii CONTEXTS NO 313 Arctomys aureus (Golden Marmot) 314 d i c h r o u s 315 r o b u s t u s PAGE MYOMORPHA MOUSE-LIKE RODENTS 306 FAMILY MURID/E 307 Genus Platacanthomys 316 Platacanthomys lasiurus (Long-tailed Spiny Motisi) 308 SUB-FAMILY GERBILLIN;E 309 Genus Gerbillus 317 Gerbillus Indicus {Indian Jerboa-Rat, or Kangaroo-Rat) Hurrianae (Desert Jerboa-Rat) cryptorhinus (Lobe-nosed Jerboa-Rat) erythrurus (Red-tailed Jerboa-Rat) nanus (Dwarf Jerboa-Rat) SUB-FAMILY PHLCEMYIX/E 314 Genus Nesokia 322 Nesokia Hardwickii (Hardwick's Field-Rat) Huttoni (Hutton's Field-Rat) Scullyi (Scully's Field-Rat) providens (Southern India Field-Rat) Blythiana (Bengal Field-Rat) Barclayiana (Barclay's Field-Rat) Mus (Nesokia) Elliotanus (Elliots Field-Rat) giganteus (Bandicoot) 319 SUB-FAMILY CRICETIN/E 320 Genus Cricetus The Hamsters 330 Cricetus phseus (Persian Hamster) fulvus (Sandy Hamster) 321 SUB-FAMILY MURIX/E 321 Genus Mus 332 Mus Rattus (Black Rat) » decumanus (Brown Rat) Andamanensis (Andaman Rat) *» robustulus (Burmese Common Rat) Sladeni (Sladen's Rat) rubricosa (Small Red Rat of the Kakhyen Hills) Yunnanensis (Common House Rat of Yunnan), infralineatus (Striped-bellied Rat) brunneus (Tree Rat) rufescens (Rufescent Tree Rat) niveiventer (White-bellied House Rat) 329
14 xxiii NO PAGE 343 Mus nitidus (Shitting Brown Rat) caudatior (Chestnut Rat) concolor (Cornm >«Thatch Rat of Pegu) palmarum (Nicobar Tree Rat) Ceylonus plurimammis sequicaudalis oleraceus (Long-tailed Tree Mouse) Nilagiricus (Neilgherry Tree Mouse) badius (Bay Tree Mouse) gliroides (Cherrapoonjee Tree Mouse) Peguensis (Pegu Tree Mouse) urbanus (Cotmnon Indian Mouse) homourus Darjeelingensis Tytleri bactrianus crassipes (Large-footed Mouse) sublimis pachycercus erytnronotus cervicolor (Fawn-coloured Field Mouse) terricolor (Earth-coloured Field Mouse) Peguensis (Pegu Field Mouse) nitidulus (Shiny Little House Mouse of Pegu) Beaveni (Beaven's Mouse) cunicularis (Little Rabbit-Mouse) erythrotis (Cherrapunji Red-eared Mouse) fulvidiventris Kakhyenensis (Kakhyen Mouse) viculorum (Kakhyen House Mouse) Genus Leggada 374 Leggada platythrix (Brown Spiny Mouse) spinulosa (Dusky Spiny Mottse) Jerdoni (Himalayan Spiny Mouse) lepida (Small Spiny Mouse) Genus Golunda 378 Golunda Ellioti (Bush Rat or Coffee Rat) meltada (Soft-furred Bush Rat) Genus Hapalomys 380 Hapalomys longicaudatus Mus ouang-thomae (Kiangsi Rat) flavipectus (Yellow-breastedRat) j, griseipectus (Grey-breasted Rat) Confucianus Chevrieri pygmaeus (Pigmy Mouse) 347
15 xxiv CONTEXTS NO Genus Arvicola PAGE ARVICOLINJE Arvicola Stoliczkanus (Yarkand Vole) Stracheyi (Kumaon Vole) Wynnei (Murree Vole) Roylei (Cashmere Vole) Blanfordi (Gilgit Vole) Blythii mandarinus {Afghan Vole) Sikimensis (Sikim Vole) m e l a n o g a s t e r 352 FAMILY SPALACIDJE 352 Genus Rhizomys The Bamboo-Rat 396 Rhizomys badius (Chestnut Bamboo-Rat) erythrogenys (Red-cheeked Bamboo-Rat) » pruinosus (Hoary Bamboo-Rat) minor (Small Bamboo-Rat) -354 FAMILY DIPODID>E 355 Genus Dipus The Jerboas 400 Dipus lagopus {Yarkand Jerboa) Genus Alactaga 401 Alactaga Indica 358 HYSTRICOMORPHA PORCUPINE-LIKE RODENTS 359 FAMILY HYSTRICID/E THE PORCUPINES 360 SUB-FAMILY HYSTRICIN^E THE TRUE PORCUPINES 360 Genus Atherura The Long-tailed Porcupine 402 Atherura fasciculata (Brush-tailed Porcupine) 361 Genus Hystrix The Porcupine 403 Hystrix leucura (White-tailedIndian Porcupine) Bengalensis (Bengal Porcupine) (Acanthion) longicauda (Crestless Porcupine) Y u n n a n e n s i s 366 SUB-ORDER DUPLICIDEXTATA DOUBLE-TOOTHED RODENTS 367 FAMILY LEPORID>E THE HARES 368 Genus Lepus 407 Lepus ruficaudatus (Common Indian Red-tailed Hare) ,, nigricollis (Black-naped Hare) ^ Peguensis (Pegu Hare)
16 xxv 410 Lepus hypsibius (Mountain Hare) pallipes (Pale-footed Hare) Tibetanus (Thibet Hard) Yarkandensis (Yarkand Hare) ,, Pamirensis (Pamir Hare) Stoliczkanus (Stoliczka's Hare) craspedotis (Large-eared Hare) hispidus (Hispid Hare) 373 FAMILY LAGOMYID/E THE PIKAS, OR MOUSE-HARES 373 Genus Lagomys 418 Lagomys Roylei (Royle's Pika) Curzoniaj (Cttrzott's Pika) Ladacensis (Ladak Pika) auritus (Large-eared Pika) macrotis griseus (Grey Pika) rufescens (Red Pika) ORDER PROBOSCIDEA 377 Genus Elephas The Elephant 425 Elephas Indicus (Indian or Asiatic Elephant) 389 ORDER UNGULATA 397 SUB-ORDER PERISSODACTYLA 397 FAMILY EQUIDJE THE HORSE 398 Genus Equus 426 Equus onager (Wild Ass of Kutch) 427 hemionus (Kiang or Wild Ass of Thibet) FAMILY TAPIRID/E THE TAPIR Tapirus Malayanus (Malay Tapir) FAMILY RHINOCEROTID/E 405 Genus Rhinoceros 429 Rhinoceros Indicus 430 Sondaicus (Javan Rhinoceros) Genus Ceratorhinus 431 Rhinoceros vel Ceratorhinus (Crossi?) lasiotis (Ear-fringed Rhinoceros) Rhinoceros vel Ceratorhinus Sumatrensis (Snmatrati Rhinoceros) 412 SUB-ORDER ARTIODACTYLA 413 FAMILY SUID^E THE HOGS 414
17 xxvi KO PAGE Genus Sus 433 Sus scrofa (European Wild Boar) Indicus (Indian Boar) !) Andamanensis (Andaman Island Pig) M o u p i n e n s i s 420 Genus Porcula 437 Porcula Salvania (Pigmy Hog of the Saul Forests) 421 RUMINANTIA 'THE RUMINANTS 422 FAMILY BOVID/E HOLLOW-HORNED RUMINANTS 424 SUB-FAMILY CAPRINJE GOATS AND SHEEP 424 Genus Ovis The Sheep 438 Ovis Polii (Marco Polo's Sheep) Hodgsoni (Argali or Ovis Amnion of Thibet) Karelini (Karelin's Wild Sheep) Brookei (Brooke's Wild Sheep) Vignei (Vigne's Wild Sheep) cvcloceros (Punjab Wild Sheep) , Blanfordii (Stanford's Wild Sheep) nahura vel burhel (Blue Wild Sheep) 438 Genus Capra The Goats 446 Capra megaceros (Markhor) Sibirica (Himalayan Ibex) segagrus (Wild Coat of Asia Minor) 446 Sub-genus Hemitragus 449 Capra vel Hemitragus Jemlaicus (Tahr) hylocrius (Neilgherry Wild Goat, or Ibex of Madras Sportsmen) -451 THE GOAT ANTELOPES, OR CAPRICORNS 454 Genus Nemorhcedus 451 Xemorhoedus bubalina (Serow, or Forest Goat) rubida vel Sumatrensis (Arakanese Capricorn) Edwardsii (Thibetan Capricorn) goral (Small Himalayan Capricorii) 457 Genus Budorcas 455 Budorcas taxicolor ( T a k i n ) 460 Genus Gazella The Gazelles 456 Gazella Bennetti (Indian Gazelle) fuscifrons (Baluchistan Gazelle) subgutterosa (Persian Gazelle) picticaudata (Thibetan Gazelle) 467
18 xxvii NO Genus Pantholops 460 Pantholops Hodgsonii (C h i r u ) Genus Antelope (restricted) 461 Antelope bezoartica {Indian Antelope) 472 Genus Portax The Nylgao 462 Portax pictus vel tragocamelus (Nylgao or Blue Bull) 476 Genus Tetraceros 463 Tetraceros quadricornis (Four-horned Antelope) 479 BOVIXIE CATTLE 480 Genus Gavseus 464 Gavasus gaurus {Gaur, popularly called Bison) ' frontalis (Mithun or Gayal) Sondaicus (Burmese Wild Ox) Genus Poephagus The Yak 467 Poephagus grunniens (Yak or Grunting Ox) 489 Genus Bubalus The Buffalos 468 Bubalus arni (Wild Buffalo) Genus Moschus The Musk Deer 469 Moschus moschiferus (Musk Deer) PAGE CERVID/E THE DEER 495 Genus Cervulus The Muntjacs or Rib-faced Deer 470 Cervulus muntjac vel aureus (Muntjac or Rib-faced Deer) 500 Genus Rusa The Rusine Deer 471 Rusa Aristotelis (S a m b a r ) Genus Axis 472 Axis maculatus {Spotted Deer) » porcinus (Hog Deer) 508 Genus Rucervus 474 Rucervus Duvaucelli (Swamp-Deer) vel Panolia Eldii {Brown Antlered or Eld's Deer) 511 Genus Cervus 476 Cervus Cashmirianus (Kashmir Stag) 477 affinis vel Wallichii {Sikhirn Stag)
19 xxviii NO PAGB TRAGULIDJE THE CHEVROTIANS OR DEERLETS 515 Genus Tragulus 478 Tragulus napu (Javail Deer let) 516 Genus Meminna 479 Meminna Indica {Indian Mouse Deer) 516 TRIBE TYLOPODA THE CAMELS 518 ORDER EDENTATA 519 Genus Manis 480 Manis pentadactyla or brachyura (Five-fingered or Shorttailed Pangolin) aurita {Eared Pangolin) Javanica {Javan Ant-eater) APPENDIX A 523 APPENDIX B 525 APPENDIX C 526 APPENDIX D 532 INDEX 535
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