GY 112: Earth History. Fossils 3: Taxonomy

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1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Fossils 3: Taxonomy Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick

2 Today s Agenda 1) Linne (the Linnaean System) 2) Taxonomy ordering 3) Some examples (important beasties you will see in GY 112L) (Web Lecture 12)

3 Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne ( ) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him. Consider the problem of naming beasties.

4 Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne ( ) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him. Consider the problem of naming beasties. Green Mussels, nice steamed in white wine/butter sauce.

5 Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne ( ) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him. Consider the problem of naming beasties. Green Mussels, nice steamed in white wine/butter sauce. But there are PEI Green Mussels, New Zealand Green Mussels, Asian Green Mussels.

6 Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one. The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names.

7 Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one. The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names. PEI Green Mussels = Perna viridis

8 Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one. The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names. PEI Green Mussels = Perna viridis Genus Species

9 But in order to be able to classify everything that is either currently alive, extinct or yet to evolve, you really need to group things up considerably.

10 Linne proposed a 7-fold division.

11 Kingdom Linne proposed a 7-fold division.

12 Kingdom Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping Linne proposed a 7-fold division.

13 Consider the annoying house cat:

14 Felis catus Consider the annoying house cat: Felis catus

15 Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) House cats might be able to mate with wildcats...

16 Felis Panthera catus Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger)... but good luck with this guy

17 Felis Panthera catus Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) The king of the cats

18 Felis Panthera catus Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) USA s inspiration!

19 Felis Panthera catus Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) And this one is pretty lazy

20 Felis Panthera catus Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) The fastest animal on the planet

21 Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) All cats (even the annoying ones) are members of the Felidae family

22 Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx Canis jubatus (cheetah) familiaris (dog) Now consider the amazing domesticated dog: Canis familiaris

23 My name is NOT Jacob Felidae Felis catus Panthera Acinonyx Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) jubatus (cheetah) Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) A close relative Note: some sources refer to dogs as Canis lupis familiaris and to wolves as Canis lupis lupis. Dingos are classified as Canis lupis dingo. These are examples of subspecies

24 Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx Canis jubatus (cheetah) familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) A more distant relative

25 Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx Canis jubatus (cheetah) familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) A pesky relative

26 Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx Canis Urocyon jubatus (cheetah) familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Two cute relatives. Foxes are spread over two genera. Vulpes are the true foxes

27 Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) All dogs (even the sweet ones) are members of the Canidae family

28 Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) And all cats and dogs along with other beasties that primarily eat meat are members of the carnivora order

29 Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Other Orders include the Primates (apes, monkeys and us)

30 Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) The rodents (Rats, hamsters, mice etc.) Primates Rodentia Monkeys Humans, etc Squirrels Mices Rats etc.

31 Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Rodentia Monkeys Humans, etc Squirrels Mices Rats etc. All are members of the class Mammalia (animals with mammary glands)

32 Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Other classes include the Aves (birds) Aves (birds) Primates Rodentia Monkeys Humans, etc Squirrels Mices Rats etc.

33 Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Other classes include the Reptilia (snakes, crocs, dinosaurs etc.) Aves (birds) Reptilia Primates Rodentia Monkeys Humans, etc Squirrels Mices Rats etc.

34 Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) All are members of the Phylum Chordata (Animals with back bones) Aves (birds) Reptilia Primates Rodentia Monkeys Humans, etc Squirrels Mices Rats etc.

35 Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) And so on and so on and so on. Mollusca Arthropoda Annelida Aves (birds) Reptilia Primates Rodentia Monkeys Humans, etc Squirrels Mices Rats etc.

36 Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Panthera Silvestris (wildcat) tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc All are members of the Animalia (Animal) Kingdom Aves (birds) Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Reptilia Mollusca Arthropoda Annelida

37 Kingdom Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping Linne originally recognized 5 kingdoms

38 Kingdom Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping Linne originally recognized 5 kingdoms Kingdom Animalia (animals) Plantae (plants) Fungi Protista (single-celled) Monera (bacteria etc.)

39 Domain Kingdom Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping But over the years, we identified more and more beasties requiring constant revisions, including an even larger division the Domain Kingdom Animalia (animals) Plantae (plants) Fungi Protista (single-celled) Monera (bacteria etc.)

40 Domain Kingdom Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping But over the years, we identified more and more beasties requiring constant revisions, including an even larger division the Domain Domain Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Kingdom Animalia (animals) Plantae (plants) Fungi Protista (single-celled) Protobacteria, Cyanobacteria Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota

41 Kingdom Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping And still the biologists continue to revise the system! Ouch!

42 Kingdom Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping And still the biologists continue to revise the system! Double Ouch!

43 Recap

44 Responsibilities Sub-Phylum Class/subclass Order Porifera Cnidaria Bryozoa Phylum Brachiopoda Arthropoda Mollusca Echinodermata Hemichordata Subphylum: Trilobita Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Zoantharia Subclass: Tabulata Subclass: Rugosa Class: Gastropoda Class: Bivalvia Class: Cephalopoda Class: Echinoidea Class: Crinoidea Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Reptilia Class: Mammalia Order: Nautiloidea Order: Ammonoidea Order: Belemnoidea

45 Today s Homework 1) See me to discuss Lecture Test 1 2) Download and read web notes 12 3) Study! (GY 112L Lab test tomorrow!) Next Time Thursday Lecture: Evolution

46 GY 112: Earth History Lecture 12: Taxonomy Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.

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