Suitability of traditional breeds for organic and low input pig

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Robyn Brooke Perkins
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1 Suitability of traditional breeds for organic and low input pig production systems Jascha Leenhouwers and Jan Merks Institute for Pig Genetics BV, The Netherlands August 23, 2010

Traditional breeds Favoured by organic production standards

2 Background Modern breeds Often used in commercial organic/low input pig production May be less suited for these systems Traditional breeds Favoured by organic production standards Prolificacy and carcass quality may be less suitable for commodity pork market

3 Objective Evaluate the suitability of traditional vs modern breeds for organic and low input pig production systems

4 Literature & survey Reproductive and finishing performance Traditional and modern pig breeds Organic and low input pig production systems

5 Sources of information Literature - (scientific) papers, reports, books, websites Survey data ( ) TOPIGS (NL, ESP); ANAS (IT); BPEX (UK); GEH (GER); National Association of Mangalica Breeders; DJF (Denmark); CorePig; IFIP (FR); BEP Bioschwein (AUS)

6 Traditional breeds Saddleback Gloucester Old Spot Berkshire Large Black Schwäbisches Hallisches Middle White Tamworth Angler Sattelschwein Ger. Sattelschwein

7 Traditional breeds Pulawska Zlotnicka Mangalitza Turopolje East Balkan Swine Black Slavonian

8 Traditional breeds Casertana Cinta Senese Chato Murciano Iberico Mora Romagnola Calabrese Nero di Parma Sarda Alentejano Mallorca Black Pig Nero Siciliano

9 Modern breeds Swedish LR PIC Camborough (LR*LW) TOPIGS 20 (LR*LW) Danish LR Yorkshire German LR German Edelschwein

10 Results Reproductive performance in organic/low input systems

11 Reproductive performance (example) Sow Breed Country Litter size Preweaning mortality % Weaned/litter # Refs Traditional Saddleback UK Hampshire UK Large Black UK German Sattelschwein GER Bayeux FRA Gascon FRA Mangalica HUNG Black Slavonian CRO Pulawska POL Nero Siciliano IT Casertana IT Cinta Senese IT Ibérico ESP Modern Landrace*Large White SWE NL (Landrace*Large White)*Duroc UK DEN&SCOT Germ Edel*Germ Landrace GER

12 Litter size # piglets Traditional breeds Modern breeds

13 Mortality until weaning % Traditional breeds Modern breeds

14 Weaned per litter # piglets Traditional breeds Modern breeds

15 Results Finisher performance in organic/low input systems

16 Finisher performance (example) Breed of finisher Country ADG (g/d) FCR Lean meat % # Refs Traditional Saddleback UK&GER Hampshire UK, SWE, GER Schwäbisch Hallisches GER East Balkan Swine BUL Zlotnicka POL Black Slavonian CRO Pulawska POL Mora Romagnola IT Calabrese IT Ibérico ESP Modern Large White*Landrace ITA AUS (Landrace*Large White)*Pi NL (Large White*Landrace)*Du DEN Landrace*Large White*Duroc)*Du UK German Edel*German Landrace GER

17 Daily gain Gram/day Gra am/day Traditional breeds 754 Conventional breeds Traditional breeds Modern breeds

18 FCR Traditional breeds Modern breeds

19 Lean meat % % Traditional breeds 55.6 Modern breeds

20 Summary Litter size Mortality % 21.0 Weaned/litter % Daily gain FCR % 3.0 Lean meat

21 Conclusions/Implications Traditional breeds Productivity and carcass quality are not suitable for the commodity pork market Dark skin colour offers greater resistance to sunburn Meat quality added value for niche pork markets Jamon Ibérico bellota 500

22 Thank you for your attention!

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction The domesticated pigs of today have all evolved from the wild boar (Sus scrofa). It is likely that humans domesticated the first boars as long ago as 7,000 to 9,000 BCE, and it is