PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

Transcription

1 Speak Out! Translate the following words and expressions. Nouns miss tame cage misunderstand unfair conservation pick up wild cub release dioms customer rent a fish out of water disadvantage review hold your horses ex-president underestimate kill two birds with one stone fad Adjectives let the cat out of the bag fee cosy smell a rat habitat endangered lifestyle fierce owner hectic Expressions predators illogical a dream come true species impossible better off Verbs inconvenient in captivity breed international no matter what claim irrelevant short of hunt lifelong long for overpopulated 2. Find the following. 1. two nouns that refer to people 2. two verbs that describe emotions 3. two adjectives that are opposites 4. an idiom that you use when someone revealed a secret 5. six prefixes that give words a negative meaning 5 3. Translate the following sentences. 1. Wild animals are better off in their natural habitats. 2. The zoo kept the lion cubs in small cages. 3. t s illegal to hunt animals that are endangered. 4. Most of our customers are people who have busy, hectic lifestyles. 5. f you miss the sea, you can rent a holiday home near the shore. Vocabulary Extension PREPOSTONAL PHRASES 4. Form prepositional phrases by combining a preposition in with a word or expression in. Some of the words in can be used with more than one preposition. 1. in 2. on 3. for 4. at a.. captivity b.. sale c.. time d.. my own e.. a diet f.. love g.. fault h.. shape 5. Complete the sentences with prepositional phrases formed in Exercise don t want any chocolate. m 2. Let s hurry. want to get there 3. Ann and Ben are and want to get married. 4. No one is here with me. m 5. made a mistake. know that m. 6. Diane exercises every day. She s really. 7. Animals that are kept forget how to hunt.

2 8. There are several houses on this street. 6. Add prefixes to the words in bold so that they mean the same as the words in brackets. 1. The teacher punishes the children whenever they behave (behave badly). 2. Solar-powered cars exist, but they are still practical (not practical) to use. 3. This chair is very comfortable (not comfortable). s there anywhere else to sit? 4. There were many mistakes in my essay, so had to write (write again) it. 5. You re weight (weigh less than you should). You should eat more. 6. His enemies were visible (couldn t be seen) in the dark, but he could hear them. 1. For each sentence beginning in, find the best continuation in. Pay attention to the words in bold. 1. Our friend went to live in Leeds 2. We can't lend you money 3. Nothing can destroy 4. Winning the lottery 5. We're driving across town 6. t was a cold, snovvy evening, 7. No one believed us 8. We're very tired a. but we felt warm and cosy inside. b. our lifelong friendship. c. to pick up our friend. d. would be a dream come true. e. and we miss her very much. f. beca use we're short of cash. g. because we've had a hectic day. h. when we claimed we'd seen a ghost. 2. Choose the sentence that best follows the original. 1. Mary is longing for Dave to return from his holiday. a. She s very excited to see him. b. She s nervous about seeing him. 2. m very short of time today. a. m free all day. b. Let s meet tomorrow instead. 3. Hold your horses! a. m not ready to go yet. b. We really have to hurry! 4. felt like a fish out of water at the opera. a. usually go to rock concerts. b. felt ill, and it was difficult for me to breathe. 5. This plant will be better off in the kitchen. a. That s why we should move it into the living room. b. There s more light there. 6. Julia let the cat out of the bag. a. But won t tell anyone else. b. She revealed nothing. 7. No matter what you say, m going out with Lynda. a. That s why d like to know your opinion. b. don t care about your opinion. 8. t was a hectic day at the shop. a. People came in all day. b. Very few people came in. 3. Choose two possible answers to complete each sentence. Pay attention to the words in bold. 1. A person can be the owner of a house / country / horse. 2. You pay a fee to do your homework / join a gym / go to university. 3. You can rent a flat / bicycle / driver's licence. 4. A person can long for his family / warm weather / bad news. 5. You can be a customer at a school / café / shop. 3. Choose an option. Then complete each sentence. Pay attention to the words in bold. 1. Animals in zoos would be / wouldn't be better off if A relaxed lifestyle is / isn't good because...

3 3. t's a good / bad idea to buy something that's a fad because No matter what people say, you should always / never... Write the opposites of the words below by adding the prefixes un-, dis-, il-, ir-, in- or im-, advantage relevant possible fair convenient logical Complete the sentences with the words you formed in Exercise Don't include a lot of.. details in your essay. 2. The main.. of that shop is that you have to pay for parking. 3. Please phone again later. t s.. for me to talk now. 4. t s.. to concentrate with all that noise! 5. n my opinion, some of our school rules are. 6. Jeff's answer doesn't make sense. t's completely Complete the sentences by adding un-, dis-, im-, il-, in- or ir- to form the opposite meaning of the adjectives below. responsible legal usual patient advantage relevant 1. The only of this neighbourhood is that it lacks public transport. 2. His story was to the investigation. t didn t help at all. 3. t s to park your car on the pavement. 4. Don t be so! m almost ready to go. 5. You always lose things. think you re very. 6. That s an building. ve never seen such an odd design before! Complete the sentences by adding inter-, over-, re-, ex-, under- or mis- to the words in brackets. 1. have to (write) my essay because didn t get a good mark. 2. Our dog is (weight), so the vet recommended low-calorie food. 3. The shop (charged) me for this shirt. nstead of 25, paid 15! 4. The actor s (wife) wrote a book about their failed marriage. 5. The (city) train between Manchester and London is fast and comfortable. 6. When young children (behave), it s often because they re tired. 6. Match each prefix in colour in with its meaning in 1. Flexpetz is an international company. 2. Modern cities are noisy and overpopulated. 3. reviewed the material before the test. 4. The ex-president spoke at the university. 5. didn't mean to insult you. You misunderstood me. 6. Don't underestimate the pain that an animal feels. a. wrong b. among, between c. not enough d. too much e. previous f. again

4 7. Complete the definitions in with a word from. 1. An animal that lives with humans is A baby lion is called a To keep animals for the purpose of reproduction is to When an animal is set free, it is An animal living in its natural environment is An animal that is not free lives A structure with bars where animals are kept is a An aggressive or vicious animal is... a) cage b) in captivity c) breed d) fierce e) wild f) cub g) tame h) released Complete the passage with the words below. customers hectic miss no matter what fee dream come true breed claimed owners better off lifelong ex-president My dog would 1. the excitement if suddenly stopped entering him in ompetitions, said Patricia Graham, 2. of the Newbury Dog Club. For my poodle Meg, it was a 3. to win first place at last year s show, year-old an Witcolm, a 5. participant in dog shows. heard these statements at two dog shows attended last month. But 6. dog 7. say, m convinced that they participate in dog shows for themselves, not for their dogs. n general, although a few dogs seemed to enjoy the noisy, 8. atmosphere, most of them didn t care when they won although their owners were very excited. The only people who are honest about why they attend dog shows are those who 9. dogs. They admit that for the cost of an entry 10., they can display their dogs and puppies to hundreds of potential 11. in a short time. And that s very good for their business. The next time you think about entering your dog in a show, think about whether your dog would be 12. staying at home. Choose the correct answers to the questions below. Pay attention to the words in bold. 1. What are two endangered animals? a. giant panda b. giraffe c. blue whale 2. Which is the only country in the world where hunting is illegal? a. Spain b. Kenya c. Scotland 3. What is the natural habitat of a lion? a. flat areas with grass b. jungles with many trees c. dry deserts 4. Which two organisations work for conservation of animals? a. World Hunting Association 5. Which of the following animals are predators? b. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) c. Greenpeace a. lions b. elephants c. crocodiles 6. Which of the following are species of wild cats? a. tiger b. rabbit c. Lynx Complete the passage with the words and phrases below. cub habitat in captivity breed tame cages wild predators

5 Born to be free Would you like a pet tiger? No problem! n the United States, you can easily buy a cute tiger 1.. from a pet shop or over the nternet. However, even a tiger that was born 2.. will never really become 3... Tigers are fierce 4.., and your playful "kitten" will soon grow into a large and dangerous adult, no longer wanted by its owner. Most tigers are passed from owner to owner, kept in small 5.. and displayed for people's amusement. There are now as many as 10,000 privately-owned tigers in the United States - twice the number left living in their natural 6..! n the UK, this problem does not exist because it is illegal to 7.. and sell 8.. animals privately. The United States should learn from this example. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you. 1. 'd love to be the owner of 2. think that hunting is 3. could help endangered animals by 4. For me, it would be a dream come true to 5. smelled a rat when 6. feel cosy when 7. felt like a fish out of water when. 8. would love to touch a wild. 9. f left my hometown, would miss. 10. think it s unfair. READNG nheriting $12 million is not something that happens to most people, and certainly not to dogs. But in August 2007, that became a reality for a little Maltese dog called Trouble, when her owner, Leona Helmsley, died. Helmsley, heiress to her husband s fortune, also left several billion dollars to a charity mainly dedicated to caring for dogs. Although Helmsley s bequest was possibly the largest so far to an individual animal, her wish to provide for a beloved pet was not unique. Among the well-known cases of the past 50 years are: a British woman who left her cat a house, household help and over 20,000; an Australian man whose will provided money to improve, breed, and race homing pigeons ; and a South African woman who left money to support her pet lizards. Many pet owners worry about what will happen to their pets when they are no longer around to take care of them. Recent surveys have revealed that up to a quarter of pet owners in the United States leave money for their pets in their wills. There is also a veterinary college programme which guarantees lifelong care for pets in exchange for a bequest of at least $25,000. The bequests left in pet owners wills are often challenged in law courts by their families or other potential heirs, as happened in the case of Leona Helmsley s will. t was also challenged by Helmsley s own trustees, the people responsible for administering her will. They successfully proved that $2 million was enough to support Trouble, who in 2008 was already nine years old. But money can t buy love. Although Helmsley s will specified that Trouble was to live with either her brother or her grandson, both refused. Helmsley s trustees gave the dog and funds to support her to a Helmsley company employee who had known Trouble since she was a puppy. Perhaps pet owners should think more about who will eventually care for their animals than how much money to leave them. 1. Look at the words in bold in the text and try to guess their meanings. Pay attention to the part of speech. 2. Read the text and write T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. 1. The veterinary college programme costs $25,000 a year. 2. Due to a court case, Leona Helmsley s dog inherited less than $12 million.

6 3. Find words in the text that match the following definitions: 1. a woman who inherits money or property 3. clearly stated or designated 2. money or property left to someone in a will 4. a worker for a person or company 4. Choose the correct answer. 1. Leona Helmsley a. made a fortune in property. b. inherited money from her husband. 2. The article mentions a cat, pigeons and lizards a. as examples of animal heirs in Britain. b. because they were among Helmsley s pets. c. bought Trouble in August d. left all her money to Trouble. c. as animals that have been heirs. d. as examples of animals that can t inherit money. 3. Trouble was sent to live with a. Helmsley s brother. b. Helmsley s grandson. c. the people Helmsley designated in her will. d. a Helmsley company worker. Grammar 1. Complete each sentence with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer. 1. Do you know any people.. fight for animal rights? 2. We buy the dog food.. our vet recommends. 3. got up at 6.00 am,... took Spot for a walk. 4. Australia is a country.. there are many unique animals. 5. Everyone tried to comfort our neighbour,.. cat had died. 6. My brother,.. works at an animal shelter, is a vegetariano 7. Do you think that there are many animals... are exploited? 8. There are plenty of pets.. owners take good care of them. 2. Match and and add a relative pronoun to form sentences. 1. Tell me about the film 2. s there a place nearby 3. 'm looking for a flatmate 4. We should be tolerant of people 5. Her birthday is in August, 6. Skiing is popular in the Alps, 7. m thinking of selling my car, 8. t rained on the day a. needs a lot of repairs. b. we got married. c. you watched last night. d. doesn't smoke. e. can use the nternet? f. there is snow nearly all year round. g. opinions are different from ours. h. most of her friends are out of town. 3. Combine the sentences using the relative pronoun in brackets. Make any necessary changes. Which sentences contain non-defining clauses? 1. That's the girl. You noticed her at the party. (who) 2. She babysits for twins. Their parents work long hours. (whose) 3. The road is closed. The accident took place there. (where) 4. The firefighters rescued a kitten. They found it in the burning house. (which) 5. The song was fantastic. They sang it. (which) 6. The prize goes to Howard. He answered all the questions correctly. (who) 7. remember the day. We first met then. (when)

7 8. This is Mr Gerald. His daughter is in your class. (whose) 4. Combine the sentences using a relative pronoun. Make any necessary changes. 1. The state of Alaska has got a very cold climate. t is near the Arctic Circle. 2. Maggie was the only elephant in Alaska. She lived in the Alaska Zoo. 3. She lived in the zoo from She was taken from Africa that year. 4. Elephants are animals. They need to live in groups. 5. They must also live in a warm climate. t is similar to their warm native habitat. 6. Activists wanted to move her to a warmer place. She could socialise with other elephants there. 7. The zoo agreed to move her to a sanctuary in California. She would be much happier there. 8. This was difficult for the Alaskans. They were sad to part with their only elephant. Add the missing commas to the sentences where necessary. Circle the sentences that contain a non-defining clause. 1. Jan who is an incredible dancer is joining a dance group. 2. The tiger that the documentary was about was released into the wild. 3. ve never seen Madonna whose music love in concert. 4. finally saw the film which everyone is talking about. 5. The King s Head pub where worked for two years closed last week. Combine the sentences using the relative pronoun in brackets. Make any necessary changes. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. My brother is a vet. He fights for animal rights. (who) 2. want to see the photograph. You took it for the student magazine. (which) 3. d like you to meet Sarah. Her office is next to yours. (whose) 4. Our DVD player broke down last week. We bought it five years ago. (which) 5. Last summer, was very happy. was in Paris with my friends. (when) 6. This is the park. Brian found a stray puppy here. (where) Form sentences by matching to and adding the correct relative pronoun. There may be more than one correct relative pronoun for some sentences. A B 1. Yesterday, ran into Dan,, a. was at a friend s, my dog ran away. 2. On the tour, we ll see the palace,, b. tell lies. 3. need a bicycle,, c. it gets warmer and the snow melts. 4. feel sorry for the families,, d. homes were destroyed in the fire. 5. Many people surf in California,,, e. is on the Pacific coast of the USA. 6. My favourite season is spring,,, f. is more comfortable than this one. 7. Last Saturday,,, g. hadn t seen for a long time. 8. Nobody likes people,, h. the Queen lives Combine the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. Make any necessary changes. 1. Geese can be as protective as dogs. They are sometimes used as guard animals. 2. ve got a friend. His sister appeared on Pop dol. 3. lived here until moved to Leeds then. 4. Robert is a DJ. He works at the new club. 5. The hotel is full. The President is staying there. 6. Jane knows three languages. She s studying to be a translator. Complete the passage with suitable relative pronouns. There may be more than one correct answer. Open a tourist brochure or visit a website about Britain, and you might also see a photo of large white swans. These water birds, 1. are also called mute swans, are a much-loved sight in Britain, 2. Approximately 30,000 of them live. You may be surprised to learn that there is actually someone

8 3. owns them. All the swans 4. live on Britain s rivers, canals and lakes belong to the Queen. This tradition began about 500 years ago, 5. mute swans were bred for food. At the time, swan breeders had to give their birds a special mark, but unmarked birds were considered royal property. The swans are still owned by the Queen. Among the royal staff is a Swan Keeper, 6. job includes organising a traditional ceremony called the Swanupping. This always occurs in the third week of July, 7. swans on the River Thames are counted and identified. There are some people today 8. think it s silly for the swans to belong to the monarch, but many others attribute the survival of the species to its royal protection. Dog Shows Or People Shows? Choose the correct relative pronoun. Underline the sentence in which you can omit the relative pronoun. August is the month 1.when / where we go on holiday. Every year, our dog, 2. that / which is a German shepherd, comes with us. We always stay at hotels 3. that / where allow dogs. Usually there are other guests 4. whose / who have brought their dogs. Last year, our hotel was near a big park 5. where / which the dogs could play. The guests, 6. whose / when dogs were playing, talked and got to know each other. A CONVERSATON LSTENNG 1. Many young people choose to become vegetarians. look at some of their reasons below. Which do you agree with? 2. Eating meat is cruel 3. Meat is unhealthy 4. Cattle farms damage the environment 2. listen to the first part of the conversation between two friends. What is the difference between a vegetarian and a vegan? 3. listen to the second part of the conversation and complete the sentences. Use 1-2 words for each blank. 1. According to Ryan, it's wrong for humans to. or. animals. 2. Ryan doesn't wear. made from animals. 3. Amy says that getting wool. the sheep. 4. Many farm animals are kept in., where they cannot.. LlSTEN CAREFULLY Listening to the speaker's tone of voice will help you deduce their opinions and feelings. Are they happy, angry, sad or neutral? This will also help you predict their responses and understand what they mean. 4. listen to the third part of the conversation. Who says the following? 1. Animals aren't ours to exploit. 2. Animal circuses are terrible. 3. Zoos help protect endangered animals. 4. Cruelty-free cosmetics have a special symbol. 5. We have the right to use animals for the good of humans. Prepare your opinion at home Are your opinions closer to Ryan's or to Amy's? Think about the various issues they discussed (zoos, circuses, farm animals, testing medicines and cosmetics) and give reasons.